Special ranks are awarded to those who serve in the army. This allows you to maintain subordination and build a clear hierarchy of subordinates and superiors. There are 30 military ranks in the armed forces of the Russian Federation. The rank of sergeant belongs to the non-officer rank. Ordinary soldiers will receive the rank of junior sergeant for special services. Next comes the sergeant, then the staff sergeant. Each rank has its own shoulder straps.

Military personnel are distinguished from civilians by their uniforms, which contain insignia. Using these unique signs, military personnel distinguish among themselves belonging to the branch of the military, department, rank, and military ranks.

Insignia are special elements on clothing that convey information about the owner through color, shape, and size. They were placed in different eras on the head, arms, neck, and shoulders. Of the insignia, history has preserved epaulettes, stripes, cockades, shoulder straps, buttons, chevrons, piping, and other decorative elements. Currently, insignia are worn not only in the armed forces, but also in the prosecutor's office, the mountain rescue service, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, Cossack societies, the small boat inspection, and other organizations.

Assignment of title

Men who came to serve in the Armed Forces are assigned the first rank - privates. Contract soldiers can receive the following military rank after 5 months of impeccable service. The squad leader can receive the rank of junior sergeant if he proves himself to be a reliable subordinate during the period of service. He must be disciplined, organized, demanding of himself and others. If the corporal wants to serve under a contract, and not resign after military service, then he will also be assigned the next military rank. Only after serving as a corporal for 3 months can you receive the rank of junior sergeant.

The military rank above corporal is junior sergeant; he can become the commander of a combat vehicle, a tank, or an entire squad. As an exception, for good service, the rank of junior sergeant can be given upon transfer to the reserve to a corporal who was not in a regular position. The junior sergeant's shoulder straps will have one thin stripe.

Find out: What is the procedure for assigning military ranks to military personnel

Sergeant is already a military rank of junior command personnel. He is a squad leader who conducts combat exercises, manages daily operations, and is the commander of a combat vehicle or tank.

Senior sergeant – deputy platoon commander. Manages the Soldier team in daily activities and during practical exercises in the field.

Sergeant major is the highest rank of non-commissioned officers; this is a company official. He is responsible for the correct performance of official duties by sergeants and ordinary soldiers. Subordinate to the company commander (ensign).

A potential candidate for sergeant rank must:

• to serve with dignity;
• know the regulations of the armed forces of the Russian Federation;
• be able to handle weapons;
• have leadership qualities;
• navigate difficult situations, quickly find non-standard solutions;
• have secondary education;
• have no criminal record.

Candidates for the rank of sergeant undergo training under a special program in the training unit. Upon passing all the standards, they receive the rank and shoulder straps of sergeant.

There is another way to become a sergeant - to enroll in a higher military educational institution. The cadets there are sergeants.

Deprivation of rank

As punishment for misdeeds or crimes, a delay in the assignment of the next rank or its deprivation may be imposed.

The grounds for such actions may be:

• violation of the law, in connection with which a criminal case is initiated;
• written disciplinary action;
• An inspection is underway to identify any violations.

In this case, the next rank is not awarded as long as the investigation into the case continues or he is deprived of his military rank.

The disciplinary measure is demotion in rank. Sometimes immediate superiors do this when there is a more suitable representative for a full-time position. They are also demoted due to negligence in official matters or failure to fulfill official duties. Restoration can be done no earlier than in a year.

Early assignment to the next rank

Depending on the set of parameters (education, knowledge of military affairs, position held, length of service), the following ranks are assigned. To become a junior sergeant, you need to serve in the Russian army for at least a year. It will be possible to advance to another title only after 2 years. It is possible to move from sergeants to senior sergeants in just 3 years. You can become a sergeant major after a senior sergeant depending on your personal data. Here length of service does not matter much.

Find out: Who is entitled to the medal of a participant in hostilities in the North Caucasus?

In some cases, early assignment of military rank is possible. This is possible for special merit, as the law formulates. This should be understood as a conscientious act, which is associated with over-fulfillment of one’s duties.

Buttonholes as a badge of honor

After the revolution of 1917, the symbols of the tsarist army were banned. In 1918, the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army was created. It was necessary to come up with new insignia for her. For some time they used sleeve stripes and red cloth stars on the headdress or chest.

Since 1924, the ranks of military personnel began to be distinguished by buttonholes, which were located on the collar of the shirt. The colors indicated the type of troops. Infantry had a crimson color with a black border, cavalry had a blue background with a black border, signalmen were distinguished by a black buttonhole with a yellow border. The buttonholes of leaders and army commanders were colored according to the type of troops, but the edging was trimmed with golden-colored cord.

In the field of the buttonhole there was a copper figure made of red enamel. She helped determine the rank of an army soldier. The buttonholes of ordinary and junior employees were empty; in 1941 they began to make a triangle with sides of 10 mm. The middle command staff had squares in their buttonholes. Senior commanders wore rectangles, which were popularly called sleepers. Senior commanders had a diamond. A special insignia was a chevron made of gold braid on the sleeve of the uniform. The Marshal of the USSR had a large gold star in his buttonholes and on his sleeve.

The system of distinctions in the army changed frequently, this greatly complicated the situation. Due to supply disruptions, some units may have worn old uniforms or hand-made insignia for a long time. The buttonhole system was canceled, but after it the distribution of colors by type of troops remained.

Shoulder straps in our time

Military rank can be determined by the characteristics of the shoulder straps. Sewn on sergeant's shoulder straps in red. In the aviation, airborne, and aerospace forces, the shoulder straps are blue. Dress shirts are green. The field uniform has detachable sergeant shoulder straps in camouflage colors.

Find out: First Commander-in-Chief of the Aerospace Forces Bondarev Viktor Nikolaevich

Sergeant shoulder straps have a distance of 25 mm from the edge of the shoulder straps to the first stripe. To distinguish junior employees in the Russian army, badges are used. These are special trailer strips. The junior sergeant's stripes have one stripe. The next military rank has two narrow 10 mm sergeant stripes on its shoulder straps. The distance between the tabs is 5 mm. The senior sergeant has one wide stripe on his shoulder straps - a stripe.

The policemen's shoulder straps still repeat the appearance and insignia that existed during the times of the police. However, many citizens did not understand these asterisks, and now continue to be in blissful ignorance of who is in front of them - a police lieutenant colonel or a junior sergeant.

In this post I will briefly tell you what and how. Fortunately, the ranks and shoulder straps are practically no different from those in the army. With the navy, of course, everything is somewhat different.

Rank insignia of Russian police officers in pictures with explanations

Special police ranks are assigned to citizens of the Russian Federation appointed to positions of ordinary and commanding personnel in internal affairs bodies. The special ranks of the police in general roughly replicate the military ranks in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation; the ranks of corporal and Marshal of the Russian Federation are missing. The noun “police” has been added to the names of special police ranks. For those who are retired, the words “retired” are added.

Description of Russian police shoulder straps

Enlisted personnel do not have rank insignia on their shoulder straps (see picture on the left). The only exception is cadets of police educational institutions, who have the letter “K” on their shoulder straps.

Junior command staff - sergeants and warrant officers. Sergeants have insignia on their shoulder straps in the form of rectangular stripes, on false shoulder straps they are metallic in color, on regular ones they are golden in color. The shoulder straps of ensigns have insignia in the form of small stars located vertically. Shoulder straps are similar to privates and sergeants; the color of the stars is determined in the same way as the color of the stripes.

The average commanding staff - from junior lieutenant to captain - have one vertical stripe on their shoulder straps, the so-called “clearance”. There is no clearance on the false shoulder straps. The stars are small.

The senior commanding officer (major, lieutenant colonel and colonel) has two gaps on his shoulder straps and large stars; there are no gaps on his false shoulder straps.

Generals, the highest commanding officers of the police, have shoulder straps with large, vertically located stars, like those of warrant officers. Shoulder straps without gaps.

Russian police emblems

Police emblems in the form of a sword pointing downwards and covered with a triangular, so-called “English” shield, are used as emblems on removable shoulder straps and collars of a tunic and winter coat.

And now there will be picture slides.

Russian police shoulder straps (pictures with explanations)

We have already seen the shoulder straps of a private a little higher. Below are shown the shoulder straps of junior commanding officers.

Junior Police Sergeant, Police Sergeant and Senior Police Sergeant.

Police sergeant, police warrant officer, senior police warrant officer.

Middle command: junior police lieutenant, police lieutenant, senior police lieutenant, police captain.

Senior command staff: police major, police lieutenant colonel, police colonel.

Higher command staff: Major General of Police, Lieutenant General of Police, Colonel General of Police.

Let me remind you that the shoulder straps of Russian police officers shown in the pictures are worn on everyday uniforms. You can also see what cool cars Russian police officers drive.

Based on materials from the site “Interesting world around us”

Police General of the Russian Federation is the highest special rank of the highest commanding staff of the police of the Russian Federation, which is assigned only to the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

Insignia on the shoulder straps of a police general of the Russian Federation: from October 3, 2011 - 4 stars located on the longitudinal center line of the shoulder strap with or without red edging, located on the longitudinal center line of the shoulder strap, the diameter of the embroidered stars is 22 mm; from November 3, 2014 - a star located on the longitudinal center line of the shoulder strap with red edging, the diameter of the embroidered star is 40 mm.

At the moment (since November 10, 2015) in the Russian Federation, the rank of police general of the Russian Federation has only been awarded to Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kolokoltsev, Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation since May 21, 2012.

Length of service in special ranks

The Law “On the Police” and the Law on Service in Internal Affairs Bodies establish the terms of service in special ranks:

• private police officer (internal service or justice) - one year
• junior police sergeant (internal service or justice) - one year
• Police sergeant (internal service or justice) - two years
• senior police sergeant (internal service or justice) - three years
• police warrant officer (internal service or justice) - five years
• junior lieutenant of police (internal service or justice) - one year
• police lieutenant (internal service or justice) - two years
• senior police lieutenant (internal service or justice) - three years
• police captain (internal service or justice) - three years
• police major (internal service or justice) - four years
• police lieutenant colonel (internal service or justice) - five years

The length of service in the special ranks of police sergeant, senior police warrant officer, police colonel and the ranks of police generals (internal service or justice) are not established.

The terms of service are the same for all three types of special ranks - police, internal service and justice.

Each position corresponds to the maximum special rank that can be assigned to this position.

A special rank (except for the rank of police general (internal service or justice)) can be awarded ahead of schedule or a step higher than the maximum rank by position as a promotion.

Which turned out to be more convenient and practical. Compared to the previous one, it began to look more dignified and respectable. And this is important, because good relationships between people and representatives of law enforcement agencies will depend, among other things, on the positive perception of their appearance, and not just their professional qualities.

The changes also affected police insignia, including shoulder straps. The shoulder straps now have curved stripes, but their meaning has been preserved since Soviet times.

A brief history of insignia on police uniforms

Some historians agree that until the time when armed forces operating on a regular basis were able to appear in our country, military ranks had little difference. Thus, among senior and junior ranks, differences could only be detected in the cut of the uniform and type of weapon.

Some modernization was carried out during the reign of Peter I. The officers of that time began to wear gorgets, which were scarf-type breastplates with elements of state heraldry. By the beginning of the 19th century, innovations were introduced into the Russian army in the form of uniforms, outwardly similar to the current ones (“tailcoats”).

There was an appearance of headdresses that began to emphasize the difference in military ranks. Little by little, epaulettes began to become common among military fashionistas. The officer's epaulettes were made in the same color as the uniform itself, while the general's epaulettes were distinguished by golden shades.

In the early 20s of the 19th century, the military uniform of Russian soldiers began to be distinguished by the appearance of stars. The presence of one asterisk could mean that the serviceman is a warrant officer, two - a major, three - a lieutenant colonel, four - a staff captain. But the colonel wore epaulettes that had no stars at all. Since 1840, non-commissioned officers began to have something similar to insignia. These were transverse stripes, somewhat similar to sergeant stripes from the times of the Soviet Union.

The appearance of an analogue of the first shoulder straps

Something similar to shoulder straps with stars of more or less modern designs began to appear in the Russian state from the middle of the 19th century. Some historians associate their emergence with the introduction of new models of military uniforms, and specifically with the overcoat that is now familiar to us all. Shoulder straps with sewn braid and stars were fixed in the shoulder area on the uniform. The size of all officer shoulder straps, including the highest ranks, was completely the same.

Following the revolution of 1917, stars with shoulder straps, which were perceived by the Bolsheviks as a symbol of tsarism and autocracy, were simply abolished. However, over time, the Soviet military leadership decided to return the historical insignia. Initially, this was expressed in the appearance of sleeve patches, and starting from 1943, shoulder straps.

Shoulder straps and ranks of Russian police officers

The distribution of military ranks and the use of insignia, including shoulder straps, is used not only by the Russian army, but also to determine special ranks by law enforcement and other structures. Due to a certain level of similarity between military and police activities, the placement of stars and other elements on police shoulder straps is similar to that typical for the Russian army.

Stars on the shoulder straps of ordinary police officers in order

On the shoulder straps of ordinary police officers there is a distinctive sign - a button, next to which there is an emblem with the inscription “police”. Police cadets have a distinctive sign with the letter “K” on their shoulder straps.

Shoulder straps and ranks of junior police officers

Shoulder straps worn by junior sergeants, sergeants and senior sergeants have rectangular stripes that are located across the shoulder straps. Two stripes indicate the rank of junior sergeant, three stripes indicate the rank of sergeant, one wide transverse stripe on the shoulder strap is worn by senior sergeants, and the same wide stripe, but located vertically, is worn by foremen.

Shoulder straps and ranks of warrant officers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs

The shoulder straps of each ensign are decorated with small stars located vertically. Shoulder straps with two stars are worn by warrant officers, and with three stars - by senior warrant officers.

Shoulder straps and ranks of middle management

On shoulder straps of medium composition there is a vertical red stripe, which is called a clearance, as well as small stars. Junior lieutenants wear one star located on a red stripe, police lieutenants wear two stars on their shoulder straps and a transverse stripe between them, senior lieutenants wear three stars (two are parallel, and the third is on a stripe), senior lieutenants wear four stars (two parallel). and two on the strip) - captains.

Shoulder straps and ranks of senior command personnel

The shoulder straps differ from the shoulder straps of previous employees by two gaps - stripes of red color located vertically along the entire length of the shoulder strap. There are also large size sprockets from one to three. One star in the middle inside the stripes is worn on the shoulder straps of majors. Shoulder straps with two stars located on the stripes themselves, parallel to each other, are worn by lieutenant colonels. Shoulder straps with three stars, two of which are placed parallel on the stripes, one in the middle of the stripes a little in front, are worn by colonels.

Shoulder straps and ranks of senior command staff

General's shoulder straps have large stars located vertically and have no gaps. Major generals wear one star in the middle of their shoulder straps. Lieutenant generals wear two stars, and colonel generals wear three stars. Shoulder straps with one large and three-headed Russian coat of arms are worn only by police generals of the Russian Federation, which is a great rarity in this service hierarchy.

If you have any questions, leave them in the comments below the article. We or our visitors will be happy to answer them

EMAPOLDS AS A SYMBOL OF HONOR

“...A sign of honor placed on the shoulders”

A. Nesmelov (Miropolsky)

Russian poet, officer of the Russian Imperial Army, in exile after 1920

We often come across this piece of uniform, which distinguishes a civil servant from an ordinary citizen. They have become so familiar that sometimes we don’t even notice. Especially today, when they can be seen on the shoulders not only of military personnel, but also, sometimes, of people who have nothing to do with law enforcement agencies or the state.

Shoulder straps have a long history and now we will try to tell about it.

First, let’s try to understand that titles, ranks, awards, and the corresponding insignia and insignia regulate social relations in the military formations of any state. Insignia traditionally refers to conventional distinctive signs on the uniform of military personnel, designed to indicate personal military ranks, belonging to a military specialty or service. These, as a rule, include shoulder straps, as well as buttonholes, various kinds of breast and sleeve badges, cockades, stars, gaps, piping, stripes, etc.

The appearance of shoulder straps in the Russian army

There is a widespread misconception that shoulder straps as an element of a military uniform come from knightly armor, or rather metal shoulder plates that protected a warrior’s shoulders from saber strikes. It is a myth.

Shoulder straps have a long history in the Russian army. They were first introduced by Emperor Peter the Great back in 1696, when he began to build his army according to the European type. But in those days, shoulder straps served only as a strap that kept the belt of a gun, backpack or cartridge bag from slipping off the shoulder. Shoulder straps were most often an attribute of the uniform of lower ranks: officers were not armed with guns, and therefore they did not need shoulder straps.

In 1762, an attempt was made to use shoulder straps as a means of distinguishing military personnel from different regiments and distinguishing soldiers and officers. To solve this problem, each regiment was given shoulder straps of different weaving from a harness cord, and to separate soldiers and officers, the weaving of shoulder straps in the same regiment was different. However, since there was no single standard, the shoulder straps performed the task of the insignia poorly.

Under Emperor Paul I, only soldiers began to wear shoulder straps, and again only for a practical purpose: to keep ammunition on their shoulders.

They began to be used again as insignia with the accession of Alexander I to the throne. However, now they did not denote rank, but membership in a particular regiment. The shoulder straps showed a number indicating the number of the regiment, and the color of the shoulder strap indicated the number of the regiment in the division: red indicated the first regiment, blue the second, white the third, and dark green the fourth.

To distinguish a soldier from an officer, officer's shoulder straps were first trimmed with galloon, and from 1807 officers' shoulder straps were replaced with epaulettes. Since 1827, officer and general ranks began to be designated by the number of stars on their epaulettes: for warrant officers - 1, second lieutenant, major and major general - 2; lieutenant, lieutenant colonel and lieutenant general - 3; staff captain - 4; Captains, colonels and full generals did not have stars on their epaulettes. One star was retained for retired brigadiers and retired second majors - these ranks no longer existed by 1827, but retirees with the right to wear a uniform who retired in these ranks were preserved.

Why was a star chosen as a sign of distinction? And why five-pointed?

Stars in heraldry and emblems differ both in the number of rays forming them and in color. The combination of both gives different semantic and national meanings for each star. The five-pointed star is the oldest symbol of protection, security, and safety. In Ancient Greece it could be found on coins, on house doors, stables and even on cradles. Among the Druids of Gaul, Britain, and Ireland, the five-pointed star (Druid cross) was a symbol of protection from external evil forces. And it can still be seen on the window panes of medieval Gothic buildings.

The Great French Revolution revived five-pointed stars as a symbol of the ancient god of war, Mars. They denoted the rank of commanders of the French army - on hats, epaulettes, scarves, and on uniform coattails. The military reforms of Nicholas I largely imitated the French army - this is how the stars “rolled” from the French horizon to the Russian one.

65From April 8, 1843, insignia also appeared on the shoulder straps of lower ranks: one badge went to the corporal, two to the junior non-commissioned officer, and three to the senior non-commissioned officer. The sergeant-major received a 2.5-centimeter-thick transverse stripe on his shoulder strap, and the ensign received exactly the same, but located longitudinally from golden braid, and for non-commissioned officers - from white (silver) braided braid.

The presence of epaulettes, sewing and buttonholes among officers sharply distinguished them from the mass of soldiers, which created a particular danger for officers during combat operations. This was especially evident during the Crimean War of 1853-1856. There is a version that Admiral P.S. Nakhimov in 1855 in Sevastopol was killed by a bullet from a French sniper, who was guided by the brightly visible epaulettes, which the general basically did not remove from his uniform.

The Crimean War revealed the inconsistency of some, especially ceremonial, items of officer uniform with the new, positional nature of combat operations. Instead of uniforms, helmets and shakos, officers preferred to wear frock coats and caps in positions. On April 29, 1854, Nicholas I, by a personal decree, ordered that instead of overcoats with a cape, “in wartime, all generals, headquarters and chief officers of the infantry, cavalry, pioneers, artillery and gendarmes should have military overcoats” of a soldier’s type. Like the lower ranks, the officer's field overcoats were made of coarse thick cloth and had a stand-up collar in colors according to the military branches and colored cloth shoulder straps assigned to the lower ranks of the unit.

To distinguish categories of officers, gaps appeared on the shoulder straps: chief officer shoulder straps had one gap, headquarters officers had two gaps, general shoulder straps were made of solid braid of a special weave and had no gaps.

The ranks were distinguished by forged stars, like on epaulettes. The uniforms of adjutant generals and wing adjutants were supposed to have imperial monograms on their shoulder straps.

Speaking of terminology. For many, such names as lumen and edging are incomprehensible. But all this is as simple as shelling pears. The piping is a cloth edging along the edge of the shoulder strap. Clearance - a longitudinal strip of fabric dividing the shoulder strap into two or three parts. Junior officers have only one gap. The older ones have two. True, before the revolution, the juniors were called, in the German manner, “chief officers,” and the seniors were called “staff officers.”

The reign of Alexander II ushered in a period of special love among the people for their army. The unprecedented rise of patriotism in those years made serving the Fatherland the ultimate dream for many. Brilliant officers enjoyed great success at all kinds of balls, and the cut of military uniforms confidently entered secular fashion. The feelings of his subjects were shared by Alexander II, who not only dressed the troops in luxurious uniforms, but also introduced shoulder straps of a new type. The usual officer's shoulder straps and shoulder straps of lower ranks acquired an oblong pentagonal shape. The general's shoulder strap was hexagonal in shape, that is, the one that is still used today. And in general, today's shoulder straps are not much different from the shoulder straps of that time - the same gaps, the same stars. The only difference is that initially the stars were attached next to the gaps.

Since 1874, in accordance with the order of the military department No. 137 of May 4, 1874, the shoulder straps of both the first and second regiments of the division became red, and the color of the buttonholes and cap bands of the second regiment became blue. The shoulder straps of the third and fourth regiments became blue, but the third regiment had white buttonholes and bands, and the fourth regiment had green ones.

Army grenadiers had yellow shoulder straps. The shoulder straps of the Akhtyrsky and Mitavsky Hussars, the Finnish, Primorsky, Arkhangelsk, Astrakhan and Kinburn Dragoon Regiments were also yellow.

With the advent of rifle regiments, the latter were assigned crimson shoulder straps.

1. Rifleman of the 10th New Ingermanland Infantry Regiment. Number encryption.

2. Gunner of the 23rd horse artillery battery. Encrypted license plate and special artillery insignia.

3. Grenadier of the 5th Grenadier Kyiv Heir to the Tsarevich Regiment. Encryption in the form of the Tsarevich's monogram. On yellow shoulder straps the code is red. Blue edging - assigned to this regiment.

4. Hussar of the 6th Hussar Klyastitsky Regiment. Shoulder strap color of instrument cloth - light blue. Button color of instrument metal shelf - silver.

5. Cossack of the 14th Don Cossack Troop Ataman Efremov Regiment.

6. Sapper of the company of His Majesty's Life Guards Sapper Battalion. The monogram is a metal invoice, which is placed in the companies of His Majesty in all branches of the military.

Military officials and officials of some civilian departments, as well as the police, had shoulder straps.

In appearance, the everyday shoulder straps of the pre-revolutionary Russian army were similar to the so-called “everyday” gold and silver shoulder straps of the Soviet Army, but with the following differences:

1. The colors of the edges and gaps did not mean the type of troops (as now), but this or that regiment.

2. The stars were not metal, but embroidered: on gold shoulder straps - in silver, on silver ones - in gold.

3. The size of the stars was the same for all ranks, from ensign to general.

4. Numbered army regiments had embroidered numbers on their shoulder straps.

5. Regiments with chiefs (mainly in the guard) had on their shoulder straps a so-called “cipher” (an embroidered monogram with a crown above it).

Everyday officer shoulder straps were of two types: attached hard ones - they were worn on jackets, uniforms, frock coats; sewn on - soft, which were worn on overcoats, and then began to be worn on tunics and jackets.

The style of the shoulder straps worn on tunics was the same as on the shoulder straps (with a purlin button and a trapezoidal edge of the upper edge). In fact, these were attached shoulder straps, removed from the hard lining and sewn on.

Until 1917, the system of shoulder insignia did not change significantly, but the events of the war with Japan at the beginning of the twentieth century. and heavy losses from massive small arms fire led to the appearance of so-called field shoulder straps.

The field shoulder straps on the overcoats were made of overcoat cloth, the gaps on them were embroidered with golden-yellow silk. The stars on the shoulder straps were metallic black-green (oxidized); they were attached to the top of the shoulder strap. The shape of the stars was thinner and flatter than the stars worn later in the Soviet Army. There was a circle in the middle of the star. The rays of the star had horizontal stamped stripes.

1.6th sapper battalion of Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich the Elder.

2. Fortress telegraph of the Brest-Litovsk Fortress.

3. 8th railway battalion.

4. 5th convoy company.

5. 8th Dragoon Regiment.

6. 3rd Lancer Regiment.

7.4th Hussars.

8. 25th Artillery Brigade.

9. 5th Kiev Grenadier Regiment of the Heir to the Tsarevich.

10. 7th Grenadier Samogitsky General-Adjutant Count Totleben Regiment.

11.37th Yekaterinburg Infantry Regiment.

12. 5th East Siberian Rifle Regiment.

From the site http://army.armor.kiev.ua/

There was another type of field shoulder straps - made of light green silk braid with woven colored gaps and edgings made of cutlery cloth. These shoulder straps were worn mainly on tunics, tunics and service jackets.

68The stars on them were exactly the same as on overcoat and field shoulder straps, but they also wore gold and silver, and sometimes even embroidered. In addition to the stars on the shoulder straps - both everyday and field - they wore emblems indicating the branch of the military. The emblems were both embroidered and metal attached. The color of the emblem was always the same as that of the stars.

Infantry, cavalry, and Cossacks did not have emblems. The artillery had an emblem that has survived to this day in the Soviet Army - two crossed cannons, machine gun units - the silhouette of a Colt machine gun (on a tripod). The armored vehicles had an emblem (also preserved to this day) - an axle with two wheels and a steering wheel in the middle, between two wings. The railway troops had a crossed ax and an anchor as their emblem, sappers had a crossed pick and shovel, military doctors had a snake wrapped around a bowl (this emblem has also survived to this day).

Aviation had the emblem of a double-headed eagle with outstretched wings, holding a propeller and a sword in its paws (after the February Revolution, the eagle was deprived of its crown). The emblems were placed above the stars.

The junior officer corps (in the Russian army it was called “chief officer”) included ranks from ensign to captain (in the cavalry - captain, in Cossack units - esaul), had shoulder straps with one gap.

In 1914, field shoulder straps were worn in a disciplined manner by everyone who found themselves on the fronts of the First World War. However, over time, this dullness began to irritate and bring melancholy to the officers. And for the most part, those who were not constantly in infantry trenches and were not exposed to the immediate danger of rifle and machine-gun fire tried to wear galloon shoulder straps.

But, as is usually the case, the farther from the front, the more belligerent a person becomes. Since marching shoulder straps were the outward sign of a front-line officer, they were, so to speak, covered in gunpowder smoke, they became very popular among officers “entrenched in the rear,” especially in the capital’s garrisons. To such an extent that the commander of the Moscow district in February 1916 was forced to issue an order prohibiting the wearing of marching shoulder straps “... by gentlemen officers in Moscow and throughout the entire district.”

Ensign of rifle units. 1914-1918

Abolition of shoulder straps by the 1917 revolution: an army without shoulder straps

However, after the October Revolution, shoulder straps were abolished along with military and civilian ranks.

After the Civil War, shoulder straps could dramatically shorten the life of their owner. The insignia of the tsarist army, together with the officer’s bearing, served as an indicator of the “unfinished counter-revolution” - that is, they were the basis for reprisals.

“...Oh, spring of the seventeenth year,

The roar of July, the grapeshot of October!..

Red freedom was torn apart

All shoulder straps are from officer’s shoulders.”

So in 1945, in the poem “Old Epaulets,” the Russian emigrant poet Arseny Nesmelov (Mitropolsky), a former officer of the Russian Imperial Army, wrote about the abolition of shoulder straps. Further in the text, the author calls shoulder straps both “a sign of honor placed on the shoulders” and “a lever tested by valor.”

Then class hatred for shoulder straps subsided, and in 1936, one of the first Soviet marshals, Mikhail Tukhachevsky, raised the issue of returning the shoulder straps at a meeting. “The uniform is comfortable and beautiful, it obliges the commander to behave accordingly, to remember that “the honor of the uniform” is not empty words,” he told J.V. Stalin when the leader demanded an explanation.

Stalin did not support the proposal, but over time the leader’s opinion changed: in March 1940, the proposal to introduce insignia in the form of “longitudinal shoulder pads made of fabric” was already made at the official level. Three years later, these shoulder pads were transformed into shoulder straps.

But the first insignia in the Red Army appeared earlier. January 16, 1919 They were triangles, cubes and diamonds sewn onto the sleeves. In 1922, these triangles, cubes and diamonds were transferred to sleeve valves. At the same time, a certain color of the valve corresponded to one or another branch of the military. But these valves did not last long - already in 1924, the insignia moved to the buttonholes. In addition, in addition to these geometric figures, another one appeared - a rectangle (it was called a “sleeper”), intended for those service categories that corresponded to pre-revolutionary staff officers.

In 1935, personal military ranks were introduced in the Red Army. Some corresponded to the pre-revolutionary ones - colonel, lieutenant colonel, captain. Some were taken from the ranks of the former Imperial Navy - lieutenant and first lieutenant. The ranks corresponding to generals remained from the previous service categories - brigade commander, division commander, corps commander, army commander of the 2nd and 1st ranks. The rank of major, abolished under Alexander III, was restored. In addition, the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union was introduced, no longer designated by diamonds, but by one large star on the collar flap.

On August 5, 1937, the rank of junior lieutenant was introduced, and on September 1, 1939, the rank of lieutenant colonel.

On May 7, 1940, general ranks were introduced. The major general, as before the revolution, had two stars, but they were located not on the shoulder straps, but on the collar flaps. The lieutenant general had three stars. This is where the similarities with pre-revolutionary generals ended - instead of a full general, the lieutenant general was followed by the rank of colonel general (it was adopted from the German system of general ranks of that time). The colonel general had four stars, and the army general who followed him, whose rank was borrowed from the French army, had five stars. In this form, the insignia remained until January 6, 1943, when shoulder straps were introduced in the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA).

Triumphant return

In the fall of 1941, in fierce battles near Yelnya, units of the Red Army showed the whole world that they were worthy of the glory of their ancestors. Immediately four rifle divisions were awarded the honorary title of Guards for the courage and heroism shown in battles.

It was for them that shoulder straps began to be developed as a distinctive sign. But for some reason these developments were late. Then I.V. Stalin was asked to approve shoulder straps as insignia for the entire army. Realizing that this would help strengthen morale, he agreed.

Respecting the continuity of traditions, shoulder straps began to be developed according to models from the time of Alexander II, as then, the stars on the shoulder straps were attached not to the gaps, but next to them, however, for a very short time, and narrow shoulder straps were provided for military doctors and military lawyers. Insignia (stars, gaps, stripes) and emblems were placed on the shoulder strap, thanks to which one could easily determine the military rank of a serviceman and his belonging to the branch of the military. It is interesting that the infantry emblem, unlike other branches of the military, appeared only in the mid-1950s. Basically, the shoulder straps were an almost complete copy of what modern soldiers and officers now wear on their shoulders.

This was an important symbol returned to the victorious army. Golden shoulder straps, which back in the 1920s were a symbol of the White Guards (“gold chasers” - the Red Army soldiers contemptuously called them), suddenly become a symbol of the Red Army. Following the shoulder straps for the army, the National Anthem is introduced in the country, instead of the party “International”.

But it turned out that the interrupted tradition is not so easy to restore. Throughout the Soviet Union, they were looking for old masters who had once woven galloon ribbons, looking for machines, and reviving technologies. According to the order, it was required to switch to shoulder straps from February 1 to February 15 - half a month in advance. But even on the Kursk Bulge in July 1943, some pilots and tank crews, as photographs show, wore old buttonholes rather than shoulder straps. And most of the infantry put their shoulder straps on tunics with a turn-down collar, and not with the new “stand.” Only when the stocks of old uniforms ran out did the Red Army completely switch to the new uniform.

No matter how difficult it was, following the order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, from January 13, Soviet shoulder straps of the 1943 model began to enter the troops. Soviet shoulder straps had much in common with pre-revolutionary ones, but there were also differences: officer shoulder straps of the Red Army (but not the Navy) in 1943 were pentagonal, not hexagonal; the colors of the gaps indicated the type of troops, not the regiment; the clearance was a single whole with the shoulder strap field; there were colored edgings according to the type of troops; the stars were metal, gold or silver, and varied in size for junior and senior officers; ranks were indicated by a different number of stars than before 1917, and shoulder straps without stars were not restored.

In the strict sense of the word, Stalin's shoulder straps were not a copy of the tsarist ones. A slightly different braid weave. A little rougher work. Another rank designation system. And the titles are different. Instead of a second lieutenant - a lieutenant. Instead of a staff captain - a captain. Instead of a captain - a major. Instead of a field marshal - a marshal of the Soviet Union. On royal shoulder straps, ranks were indicated only by small stars. Stalin introduced large stars for senior officers, starting from major, and generals. Before the revolution, the rank of field marshal was designated by two crossed batons on a zigzag braid. The rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union was symbolized by a large star and the coat of arms of the USSR.

Thus, rifle troops had a crimson background shoulder strap and black edging, cavalry had a dark blue shoulder strap with black edging, aviation had a blue shoulder strap with black edging, tank crews and artillerymen had black with red edging, but sappers and other technical troops had black, but with black edging. Border troops and the medical service had green shoulder straps with red trim, while internal troops received cherry shoulder straps with blue trim. On khaki-colored field shoulder straps, the branch of service was determined only by the edging, the color of which was the same as the color of the shoulder strap field on the everyday uniform.

In the army, the introduction of shoulder straps was greeted with enthusiasm, especially since this happened on the eve of the greatest victory in the Battle of Stalingrad.

Ashot Amatuni, Lieutenant General, Hero of the Soviet Union, tank officer during the Great Patriotic War: “It was happiness! We received the return of shoulder straps with great enthusiasm. After all, they have been in the army for centuries, our ancestors carried them on their shoulders in battles. I received my first shoulder straps in Saratov.”

Boris Ershov, colonel: “At that time I was a senior lieutenant, a company commander. I liked the old uniform because I had three stripes on the sleeve, three stripes, they looked good. It was very comfortable to wear under an overcoat, under a jacket. And the shoulder straps were uncomfortable at first. The cardboard base was fragile, and the stars were attached not with screws, but with paper clips. You put your overcoat on your tunic, then take it off - and the stars fly in all directions! I had to sew them on with thread.

But in battle with shoulder straps it was better. Under the padded jacket, under the overcoat, the buttonholes are not visible, and you can’t immediately figure out who is in front of you. And with shoulder straps it’s immediately clear.

We had old people, participants in the Civil War, who did not immediately agree to wear shoulder straps. They said: “My grandfather and father were hacked to death by gold chasers” - and they refused. But young people wore shoulder straps with pleasure.”

But there were other opinions. There are photographs where some soldiers and officers are still wearing buttonholes, while others are already wearing shoulder straps. One of the most famous of them is a 1943 photograph of the future writer Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn and his friend Nikolai Vitkevich. Vitkevich already has shoulder straps. Solzhenitsyn also has buttonholes with two cubes and artillery cannons. By the way, young Solzhenitsyn did not like the return of the shoulder straps. He saw this as a departure from revolutionary traditions.

At the same time, the seemingly disappeared word “officer” returned to the official military lexicon, although before the war the cumbersome phrase “commander of the Red Army” remained the legally correct term.

But the words “officer”, “officers”, the phrase “officers” were heard more and more often - first in informal use, and then gradually began to appear in official documents. For the first time, the term “officer” officially appeared in the holiday order of the People’s Commissar of Defense dated November 7, 1942. Since the spring of 1943, along with the appearance of shoulder straps, the word “officer” began to be used so widely and universally that in the post-war period the front-line soldiers themselves very quickly forgot the term “commander” Red Army". Although formally the term “officer” was formalized in military use only with the publication of the first post-war Internal Service Charter in 1946, when the Red Army was renamed the Soviet Army.

The return of shoulder straps became one of the stages in the revival of the imperial spirit. The Soviet Union recognized itself as the heir to the Russian Empire, which will be especially evident after the war - in the imperial pomp of architecture and, among other things, in the dressing up of people of civilian professions, and even schoolchildren, in military uniforms.

Since the end of 1943, shoulder straps have been introduced for railway workers, the USSR prosecutor's office, and foreign affairs officers. The wave of dressing up of all workers or students in government institutions in a uniform is growing, especially after the war. Officials from the Ministry of Finance, Geology and Oil Industry, Customs Service, Civil Air Fleet - more than 20 departments in total - began to wear uniforms. The so-called “counter shoulder straps” began to be worn by students of mining faculties of all universities in the country. Schoolchildren had to wear uniforms with uniform buttons, a badge on the belt and a badge on the uniform cap. Lifetime badges are being introduced for reserve officers and employees of all “uniformed” departments, and speeches are heard everywhere about preserving the honor of the new uniform.

Post-war fate

N.S. Khrushchev was going to abolish the shoulder straps. First they were taken away from civilians - they started with railway workers, diplomats and representatives of other peaceful professions. In 1962, the government of the Soviet Union adopted a resolution to return military uniforms to the norms of the first years of Soviet power: with buttonholes instead of shoulder straps. But the military delayed the implementation of this project, and then, after Nikita Sergeevich was removed, they abandoned it.

In the post-war period, there were some changes in shoulder straps. So, in October 1946, a different form of shoulder straps for officers of the Soviet Army was established - they became hexagonal. In 1963, the 1943 model sergeant's shoulder straps with the "sergeant's hammer" were abolished. Instead, a wide longitudinal braid is introduced, like a pre-revolutionary ensign.

In 1969, gold stars were introduced on gold shoulder straps, and silver stars on silver ones. Silver general's shoulder straps are being abolished. All of them became gold, framed with an edging according to the type of troops, with gold stars.

In 1974, new shoulder straps for army generals were introduced to replace the shoulder straps of the 1943 model. Instead of four stars, a marshal's star appeared on them, above which the emblem of motorized rifle troops was placed.

Shoulder straps of the army of the revived Russia

In the Russian Federation, in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 23, 1994, subsequent Decrees and the Decree of March 11, 2010, shoulder straps remain insignia of military ranks of military personnel of the Russian Armed Forces. According to the change in the essence of the socio-political system, characteristic changes were made to them. All Soviet symbols on the shoulder straps have been replaced with Russian ones. This refers to buttons with the image of a star, hammer and sickle or the colored coat of arms of the USSR. As amended by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated February 22, 2013 No. 165, a specific description of the insignia by military rank is given.

Modern shoulder straps of Russian military personnel generally remain rectangular, with a button in the upper part, with a trapezoidal upper edge, with a field of galun of a special weave in a golden color or the color of the clothing fabric, without piping or with red piping.

In aviation, the Airborne Forces (Airborne Forces) and the Space Forces, a blue edging is provided; in the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation and the Special Objects Service under the President of the Russian Federation, there is a cornflower blue edging or no edging.

On the shoulder strap of the Marshal of the Russian Federation, on the longitudinal center line there is a star with a red edging; above the star is an image of the State Emblem of the Russian Federation without a heraldic shield.

On the shoulder strap of an army general there is one star (larger than that of other generals), a colonel general has three stars, a lieutenant general has two, and a major general has one star. The color of the edging on the shoulder straps of all generals is set according to the type of troops and type of service.

The fleet admiral has one star (larger than other admirals), the admiral has three, the vice admiral has two, and the rear admiral has one. On all admiral's shoulder straps, the stars are superimposed on gray or black rays, with golden anchors located on black pentagons in the center of the stars. Shoulder straps of senior officers - colonels, lieutenant colonels, majors, in the navy, captains of 1st, 2nd and 3rd ranks - with two gaps; junior officers - captains, captain-lieutenants, senior lieutenants, lieutenants and junior lieutenants - with one clearance.

The number of stars is an indicator of the military rank of a particular officer. Senior officers have three, two and one stars, respectively, junior officers have four, three, two, one, starting from a higher level. The stars on the shoulder straps of senior officers are larger than the stars on the shoulder straps of junior officers. Their sizes have a ratio of 3:2.

The shoulder straps of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were established taking into account the improvement of military uniforms in general over the centuries-old history of the Russian and Russian troops. Their modern appearance indicates a desire to improve the quality and practicality of uniforms in general, and to bring them into line with the changing conditions of military service.

But in modern Russia, the fate of shoulder straps was not entirely simple; sometimes they had to withstand tests that were almost comparable to those after the 1917 revolution.

The rejection of the traditional arrangement of shoulder straps became one of the main features of the new field uniform, introduced in 2010 on the initiative of the “reformer minister” A. Serdyukov. In the old “Soviet-style” uniform, the straps of backpacks, other equipment and weapons quickly wore out the shoulder straps. It was assumed that the new military uniform would meet the most modern requirements of the army, in particular, the mandatory clothing of infantry in light body armor.

The decision to switch to a new uniform was made in 2007, and it was planned to completely transfer the army to it in 2011. It is known that specialists from the fashion houses Igor Chapurin and Valentin Yudashkin, the Central Research Institute of the Textile Industry, and the Central Scientific Research Institute took part in its development. -Research Institute of Leather and Footwear, Heraldic Department of the Ministry of Defense and Logistics of the Armed Forces.

For the first time in the new uniform, participants of the Victory Parade on Red Square in Moscow appeared in public in 2008. In total, 100 million rubles were allocated from the budget for the creation of new uniforms. The military estimates the cost of switching military personnel to the new uniform at 25 billion rubles.

It was in the uniform “from Valentin Yudashkin” that the shoulder straps were moved to the chest and sleeve. The left shoulder strap is located just above the elbow, and the right one is on the chest, on the lapel of the tunic. When the body armor is put on, the right shoulder strap becomes invisible, and the soldier can only be identified by the mark on the elbow. At the same time, in the old-style uniform, the insignia was attached to false shoulder straps, and to the everyday uniform, the shoulder straps were attached with buttons.

“Salvation” for the shoulder straps came in the person of the new Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation S.K. Shoigu. On his initiative, the Ministry of Defense decided to return to the traditional arrangement of shoulder straps on the field uniform of military personnel, which, after Serdyukov’s reform, “migrated” from the shoulders to the chest.

The main argument for returning the field uniform shoulder straps to their original place was that they did not justify themselves on the chest and sleeves.

Symbol of honor

Currently, shoulder straps continue to serve the Fatherland. Covered with unfading glory, Soviet shoulder straps were designed to preserve the continuity of valiant traditions in the Russian Armed Forces. That is why, having undergone minor changes, they became a true decoration of the uniform of the Russian defender of the Fatherland.

“Wear shoulder straps with dignity” - these words became a matter of honor for the Russian officer. And the tradition has been preserved for more than two centuries, since the first shoulder straps were introduced almost 250 years ago.

They do not remain unchanged; some ministers who accidentally became bosses even tried to remove them from the shoulders of military personnel. Finally, their purpose in modern conditions has been scientifically substantiated and it is now believed that shoulder straps are intended for quick visual identification in battle conditions of a person who has the right to give orders.

Unfortunately, the long years of lack of spirituality that our country went through in the difficult 90s affected people’s attitude towards shoulder straps. Today we can see them not only among those to whom they are due “by law and honor,” but also among representatives of the creative craft, whose human qualities cannot always be called moral. It is depressing that employees of the prosecutor's office, police and other services have shoulder straps identical to military ones. This is one of the strongest blows to the image of the military profession and its prestige.

At the same time, many officers of the Russian army, in the most difficult time for the country of collapse and lack of spirituality, managed to preserve traditions, including those associated with shoulder straps. For example, graduates of the Suvorov military schools, as a symbol of brotherhood, wore and continue to wear under their uniform and even under a civilian suit, shoulder straps their educational institutions.

I would like to believe that over time this will pass and the concept of “honor shoulder straps” will become as familiar as it always has been.

The history of Russian shoulder straps ends here for now. Having passed through the centuries, they often changed their appearance, but never their content. Shoulder straps have always been and will be a shrine and a symbol of honor for a Russian officer devoted to the Motherland.

You can purchase or order shoulder straps of the military branches, shoulder straps of the Ministry of Defense and shoulder straps of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the Patriot company store.

The Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation is responsible for control and supervision of the implementation of punishments. It has its own seal, uniform, main and special titles. Each employee receives shoulder straps from the Federal Penitentiary Service in accordance with his rank and position in the system. They are subject to a number of requirements, including regarding the position of stars, emblems and other elements.

Each employee is required to wear, along with his uniform, shoulder straps corresponding to his special rank. A certain ranking is typical for both the army, the police, and in general, the arrangement of shoulder straps of the Federal Penitentiary Service is quite standard.

Ordinary employees do not have any special distinctive elements. For the rest, the characteristic insignia remains stars and stripes, the number of gaps and their location, as well as the size of the stars (the highest ranks in the FSIN system have large stars on their shoulder straps, while the rest have small ones).

Features of shoulder straps

Shoulder straps of the Federal Penitentiary Service can be everyday or for ceremonial wear, as well as plastic and sewn on. The distance between the stars and their color design are somewhat different from the usual ones. Depending on the affiliation of a particular employee, different requirements are imposed on shoulder straps:

1. For the uniform of privates, as well as commanding officers (from junior to senior), the width for all types and varieties of shoulder straps is 5 cm with a gap width of 30 mm and an edge width of 25 mm. This applies to shoulder straps with a tucked edging, as well as those with a rounded top edge.
2. For the uniform of the highest authorities of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the Russian Federation, removable shoulder straps 4.5 cm wide may be provided, in which there is no edging and the upper edge is rounded.
3. Cadets of this structure wear shoulder straps of the Federal Penitentiary Service, the distance of which is as follows: the width is 5 cm, of which 25 mm are on the edging, 50 mm are on the golden stripes running in the longitudinal direction.
4. For employees of the Federal Penitentiary Service, with the exception of the top management of the structure, it is possible to wear shoulder straps, the upper edge of which has a triangular shape, their width is 4.5 cm.

Emblem position

On shoulder straps of the Federal Penitentiary Service, the emblem must be located directly on their axis, moving away from the button at a distance of 5 mm. This is stated in the relevant documents and instructions.

In another embodiment, the emblem can be worn in the collar area, and its vertical axis must have a strictly parallel position relative to the collar's rise.

Shoulder straps for senior ranks in the FSIN system

Representatives of senior management in the penitentiary system must wear shoulder straps that meet all basic requirements:

1. As part of the ceremonial clothing on the tunic, there are sewn-on products, which are made of a special golden material; they differ from other types with a maroon edge. The shoulder straps of the Federal Penitentiary Service, the distance between the stars and other elements must be strictly maintained both on everyday uniforms and on dress uniforms.
2. As part of the everyday uniform, on the tunic, as well as on items of outerwear, including coats, there are sewn-type products in which a separate field of material with a blue-gray weave is highlighted, the edges on them are painted maroon.
3. For woolen jumpers, as well as insulated and woolen jackets, appropriate products for the Federal Penitentiary Service are required of a removable type, on which a field of blue-gray material is provided, with an edge painted in maroon.
4. For white and gray employee shirts, special removable products are provided, on which the field can be made of shirt fabric or from traditional material, they also have golden embroidery, in addition, they always have a traditional maroon edge.
5. For camouflage jackets, there are special removable products, on which the field is made of gray-blue material; in principle, there is no edge highlighting on them.

By these characteristic features of shoulder straps, you can recognize representatives of the highest authorities in the penitentiary system. The distance of the stars on the shoulder straps of the Federal Penitentiary Service and their number, as in all law enforcement agencies, reflect the rank of their bearer.

Shoulder straps for middle ranks and junior employees in the FSIN system

The requirements for shoulder straps for representatives of middle ranks and junior employees in the penal system are as follows:

1. For ceremonial uniforms, there are sewn-on products that have a field of golden braid; both the edging and the gaps on them are speckled.
2. For everyday clothes and jackets, as well as coats, sewn-on products are suggested, where the field of braid has a characteristic blue-gray color, the edgings and gaps on them are painted speckled.
3. For insulated and wool jackets, a variety of removable products has been developed, which uses a field of blue-gray galloon and speckled dyeing for edging and gaps.
4. For uniform shirts, regardless of their color, removable products have been developed, where the field can be made of shirt fabric or braid of the appropriate color, the edging and gaps on them are also maroon.
5. Wool sweaters and camouflage jackets require removable shoulder straps and are made from materials similar to the outside of the garment itself.

Shoulder straps of junior and ordinary commanding staff of the Federal Penitentiary Service

• for winter coats, as well as tunics and dress uniforms, everyday uniforms, sewn-on shoulder straps with a blue-gray braid on top are required, their edging has a speckled coloring;
• for insulated jackets, shoulder straps of a removable type are assumed, where the piping has a traditional maroon coloring, and the field has a blue-gray color;
• for shirts, regardless of their color, shoulder straps of a removable type are required, the field of which will have a corresponding gray or white coloring, made of shirt fabric or galloon, and they also have a maroon edging;
• For woolen sweaters and camouflage jackets, removable shoulder straps have been developed, which are sewn from the same material as the item of clothing.

Cadets studying in the field of FSIN

Separate requirements are also stipulated for the shoulder straps of cadets in the penal system who are trained in the relevant educational institutions. The following rules apply to them:

• for an insulated jacket, you need removable shoulder straps with blue-gray braid, where there is a maroon edging and longitudinal gold stripes;
• the jacket requires sewn shoulder straps with a speckled edging, along which there are golden longitudinal stripes against a background of a gray field;
• for gray shirts, removable shoulder straps with speckled edging and longitudinal gold stripes have been developed;
• for woolen sweaters and camouflage jackets, fabric shoulder straps are provided, which are made from the same material as the item of clothing itself.

Types and location of stars

Depending on the assigned rank, the following plates (stripes) or stars are used on the shoulder straps of the Federal Penitentiary Service:

• among higher ranks you can see corresponding stars with a maroon edge on shoulder straps with a golden field;
• its size for senior management, if it is embroidered, is 22 mm;
• The size of its senior management made of metal is 20 mm;
• its size for the average composition is 13 mm;
• The plate size is 20 mm in width;
• the size of a similar sergeant strip is 10 mm.

It is important to note that these stripes, for example for the shoulder straps of a FSIN sergeant, can be black in color (for camouflage jackets) or golden in color.

Location of stars

Among the main requirements, there is not only a certain set of elements on the shoulder straps of the Federal Penitentiary Service, but also the distance between the stars and plates relative to each other and the edge of the shoulder strap.

For all types of products, the FSIN has established the following distance between stars:

• employees with the rank of Colonel General are provided with 3 stars, and they are located strictly along the axis;
• employees are provided with 2 stars, located strictly along the axis;
• employees with the rank of major general are provided with 1 star, which is also located on the longitudinal axis;
• employees with the rank of colonel have a total of 3 stars: one of them is on the center line, the other two are in the middle between the edge and the center line, symmetrically;
• employees with the rank of lieutenant colonel have 2 stars, each of which is located in the middle part of the field between the edge and the axis, symmetrically to each other;
• for employees with the rank of major - 1 star, strictly on the center line;
• for the captain, 4 stars are provided: two of them are located on the sides relative to the longitudinal axis, two more - strictly on the center line;
• a senior lieutenant can be recognized by three stars: 2 of them are located on either side of the center line, the third lies on it;
• The FSIN looks like this: 2 stars on each shoulder strap, they are located on both sides of the center line;
• The junior lieutenant has one star, lying on the longitudinal axis of the shoulder strap.

Location of metal strips

Metal plates should be located depending on the rank as follows:

• for the sergeant major - a wide stripe along the axis;
• for a senior sergeant - a wide strip across the longitudinal axis;
• for a sergeant - 3 narrow stripes across the longitudinal axis;
• for junior sergeant - 2 narrow stripes across the longitudinal axis.

The distance from the edge and other elements on the shoulder strap for stars and plates is strictly regulated depending on the rank of the employee.