November 3, 2016

A double consonant at the root of a word is found in foreign borrowings and words of native Russian origin. Rules and examples are presented in the article.

Double "g"

The doubled consonant at the root of a word is written in words like burning, yeast, buzz, juniper. But such cases should not be confused with a combination of the sounds "zh" and "z". Example:

1. Every evening a huge German Shepherd ran out to meet him and received him unnaturally and mournfully. squeal.
2. Come it became more and more difficult to get to him, because the driver of the only bus in this city ignored the schedule posted at the bus stop.
3. It is dark in the courtyard of his house, only a light, which barely dawns from the window of the outbuilding, illuminates the road.
4. The teacher went into the classroom and first of all hung a diagram over the board cerebellum.

double "s"

Double consonants "ss" are written in words like cash desk, assorted, passenger, cassette, class, compromise. The spelling of these lexical units must be memorized. This doubled consonant at the root of the word is written in foreign borrowings. Except for the lexeme argument and words that are cognate with it. Examples:

1. By old age, her character had deteriorated to such an extent that she managed to quarrel with all relatives.
2. Quarreled that day, the neighbors no longer spent their energy on scandals, but for almost three years they maintained complete silence, as if a cold war had been declared between them.

Double "s" is also written in words such as poet, stewardess.

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Compound words

Doubled consonants are written in words formed from two parts. But only if the first one ends with the same consonant that the second begins with. Examples: maternity hospital, head physician.

If in an abbreviated word the first part is formed from a lexical unit in which there is a double consonant, only one is written. Examples:

1. In a dilapidated barn, which was located behind the house, more than a hundred records, released a hundred years ago, a pair of rickety chairs and other unnecessary junk.
2. Three people entered the office, one of whom introduced himself group organizer. The positions of others sounded just as cryptic.
3. The writer was in the past cavalryman, and for how honestly he portrayed the class struggle that he witnessed, in 1938 he was shot, calling him a traitor to the motherland.

Names

The full forms of some names are written with doubled consonants. Diminutive forms - with one consonant. Examples:

1. Youngest daughter - Alka- was a child restless and overly curious.
2. Cyrillic He grew up quickly and increasingly asked his parents uncomfortable questions.
3. Anka She was a simple, peasant-kind woman.

In the above examples, there are names with doubled consonants: Alla, Cyril, Anna. The spelling of the full and diminutive forms is different.

adjectives

In words that are formed from nouns, the doubled consonant at the root of the word is retained and written immediately before the suffix. Examples:

1. Parents are used to five-point system and for a long time could not figure out whether to praise or punish their son for the fact that in his diary, next to the teacher's signature, there were the numbers "6", "7" and "8".
2. All these tribes united in the so-called th Hunnic union.
3. He did not like to discuss and, if possible, tried to accept compromise solution.

The same can be said about the diminutive form of a noun. Examples:

1. The cemetery, where the figures of Soviet and Russian culture are buried, was abandoned by foreigners. Remained only small group sedate, but inquisitive Japanese.
2. He did not like the performance, and therefore, during the first act, he wearily looked into program and thought about myself.
3. Telegram- and that is exactly what you can call a message of such frivolous content - brought in the evening by a tired and, as always, irritated postman.

At the junction of root and prefix

Nouns in which the prefix ends with the same letter as the root begins are also written with doubled consonants. Examples:

1. On his appeals for a long time no one paid attention, and therefore he had to leave the podium.
2. Forge He learned his father's signature in the third grade.
3. Pedagogical views this teacher had nothing in common with the theories of Makarenko and Soroka-Rosinsky.

Borrowings

Spellings of words of foreign origin with doubled consonants should be remembered. Examples:

1. Vikenty Timofeevich held the position collegiate assessor.
2. Oxygen cylinders forbidden to use both at home and in offices.
3. On platform he met her husband and was suddenly afraid that the trip, which had been planned for so long, would fail.
4. Boardwalk terrace was covered with a thin layer of early clean snow.
5. Idyll, which reigned in their house for almost five years, as it turned out, was imaginary.

one consonant

There are words in Russian in which double consonants are often mistakenly written. Perhaps the thing is that these lexical units, as a rule, have a foreign language origin. For example: balustrade, dealer, opening day, amateur.

“Early spring came unexpectedly, silver streams ran along the loose paths. Winged wanderers have returned from distant lands, these feathered workers build their nests tirelessly.

The spring picture conveyed by this text makes us remember the rules for writing doubled consonants.

Double consonants in loanwords

If the spelling of double consonants in a word cannot be checked in any way, then they are called double. These words are to be remembered. As required by this rule, we memorize the words with doubled consonants below.

1. Some proper names: Alla, Anna, Vassa, Inessa, Ella, Rimma, Cyril, Savva.

2. Borrowed words: terrace, ton, effect, tennis, repression, program, column, correspondent, assembly, alley, ball, etc.

3. Some native Russian words: Russia, burns, buzzes, yeast, quarrel.

4. In all words that are cognate with the above.

Differences of words with different number of consonants

When there is one consonant in some words, and double consonants in others, the rules are as follows:

1. If the root of the words differs in the number of consonants, then these are most likely different words with different lexical meanings:

ton - a measure of weight, tone - the case form of the word tone - a shade of sound or color;

cash register - a device for storing money, touch - connection at some point;

point - a unit of assessment, ball - an evening of relaxation with dancing.

A ton of coal has already been loaded onto the ship.

Igor had never heard such a pure tone.

The box office is closed today.

The touch was weak.

I got a high score in the exam.

Natalia was invited to the ball.

2. There are cases when the number of identical letters does not affect the lexical meaning of words: Alla - Alka, crystal - crystal, art - skillful, correspondent - junkor, column - column, Finn - Finnish, ton - five tons.

No double consonants

If we take, for example, the word "aluminum", then it has one letter "l". Remember words that don't have double consonants. Word examples:

apartments;

balustrade;

gallery;

humanist, humanistic;

decibel;

dealer, dealer;

dilettante, dilettante;

drama, dramatic, dramatic;

imitation, imitate;

corridor, corridor;

midget;

producer, producer.

Hyphenation of words with double consonants

Usually words are carried by syllables: ma-shi-na. The rules for hyphenation of doubled consonants are as follows:

• Part of the word with one consonant remains on one line, and part of the word with the second consonant is transferred to another: column-na, ton-na, Al-la, Russia.
• The transfer of words with doubled consonants should be carried out, if possible, in a place where there is no doubled consonant: art, terrace, correspondent.



Unfortunately, even adults are sometimes mistaken, well, or they don’t know how to properly transfer such words. So that embarrassment does not happen to you, let's discuss in which cases the transfer of words with double consonants is unacceptable. Examples:

In addition, the rules for transferring double consonants prohibit transferring words with one vowel sound: class, score, burns.

At the junction of morphemes

When the end of a prefix and the beginning of a root, the end of a root and the beginning of a suffix, or the suffix is ​​the same letter, doubled consonants appear. The rules dictate this:

• permanent;
• fearless;
• selfless;
• toothless;
• lawless;
• provoke;
• open;
• story;
• get angry;
• pick;
• dissect;
• dry up;
• be pinched with cold;
• vestibule;
• give in;
• pry;
• thaw;
• outflow;
• beat;
• enter,
• up;
• entrusted;
• art;
• Russian;
• sailor;
• Novocherkassk;
• picture;
• old;
• true;
• cardboard;
• coaster;
• windowsill;
• supporter;
• wanderer;
• chosen one;
• pickpocket;
• raspberry;
• aspen.

Doubled consonants appear when adding abbreviated stems:

• head physician;
• maternity hospital.



In adjective suffixes

In Russian, one of the most complex orthograms is one and two letters H in suffixes that are found in words of different parts of speech. Consider spelling -n- And -nn- in adjectives. A table will help us with this.

double consonants. Rules for adjectives

In-: wasp, eagle, falcon;

An-(-yan-): linen, leather;

Onn-: station, lecture;

Enn-: cranberry, straw;

There are several exceptions to this rule: windy (windless), glass, tin, wood.

It is especially worth mentioning the words that are formed without a suffix:

In participle suffixes

To apply the rule correctly, words with double consonant-participles must be distinguished from adjectives. They are formed from verbs:

• proceed - well-groomed;
• paint - painted;
• write - written;
• expel - exiled;
• desire - desired;
• buy - bought;
• eradicate - uprooted;
• elect - chosen;
• to heat up - red-hot;
• fry - fried;
• wake up - awakened;
• demarcate - delimited;
• print - printed;
• draw - drawn;
• interrogate - interrogated;
• seize - seized.

Spelling of double consonants. Rule for participles with one letter H

In short participles

All tasks completed.

In imperfect participles without dependent words and prefixes

Spelling double consonants with two letters H

There are dependent words

A bench painted yesterday.

Words to remember: unseen, unexpected, unexpected, unexpected, unread.

In adverb suffixes

In adverbs, the same amount is written H, how many in the generating word. This is the simplest rule. Words with double consonants with this spelling exist in Russian along with those that are written with one letter:

• sincere - sincerely;
• unintentional - unintentionally;
• beautiful - beautiful;
• interesting is interesting.



Now that the topic “Double consonants” has been studied, the rules are familiar and understandable, you can check how high the level of assimilation of educational material is.

A. Ball. B. Group. B. Class. G. Alley. D. Gallery.

2. What is the answer to the question: “How to transfer a word?” will be true?

A. You need to leave both letters on the line.

B. Leave one letter on the line, and transfer the other.

B. Both letters must be transferred to the next line.

3. Answer: is it possible to check double consonants?

A. Definitely need to check.

A. Saturday. B. Telegram. B. Story. G. Hockey.

5. In what word are LJs written? Write it _____________________

• bry ... chewing liquid;
• zadrebe ... scarlet iron;
• drive through the bridge;
• annoying and ... burning;
• ra ... reap a trap;
• ra .. complain to mom;
• ye...wife earth;
• bred ... a horse;
• see... a squeezing child.

beech a (l / ll) her, television (n / nn) ante (n / nn) a, dra (m / mm) atic co (l / ll) izia, friendly team (l / ll) ective, interesting pie (s/ss)a, capture(n/nn)te(r/rr)itoria, (s/ss)fight with friends, old dro(f/lj)i, show gu(m/mm)anism, krista (l / ll) honesty, file a (p / pp) e (l / ll) ation, a (l / ll) yuminium alloy, inventive claim (s / ss) art, a (k / kk) decompose urately, intelligently talk, go to the opera (t / tt) y, ma (s / ss) onskaya box, I’m fond of be (l / ll) etristy, a (n / pp) etitny pie, art (n / nn) th ha (l / ll) here.

Tasks in the GIA format

• The snow has already melted.
• The shores of ... are heated in the spring.
• The sun mercilessly eats away the snow drifts.
• Rays be… pitifully burn the yellowed fields.
• Streams and .. dried up.
• Travelers wandered along the road along ... holding each other.
• Everyone sat down around the fire.
• It is a pleasure to walk with a full bucket along a barely visible path to the hut.
• He liked everything here and delighted him: how large drops flopped, breaking from the leaves of trees, how peaceful ... about the fire crackled and the forest land smelled breathtakingly.
• Grandmother collected herbs: St. John's wort, plantain, fern, and always told me about their healing mysteries ... properties.
• His tanned face was furrowed...with deep wrinkles.
• The owner spoke unusually ... oh tenderly, talking to the pigeons.
• We approach the house and see that the gate is open: it is clapping from the wind, and the heck is torn off ... but.
• The next day, the gate was more beautiful ... ah, its hinges are greased ... s.
• In the square at the very entrance of the tree ... there is a bench.
• Near the bench were new poles vkopa..y.
• Waves lazily crawled onto the sand and slowly crawled away, leaving behind an edge of snow-white foam.
• The dog stood and looked into the distance of the sea, numb, with a lowered ... tail.
• Grandmother was sitting at the table, silent and slowly ... about chewing bread.
• The dog was huge, with a big head and lion paws.
• It wore faded, impossibly wide canvases. th pants.
• The posters were stickier. s throughout the city.
• Everyone left, and only chole. The faces of the lackeys flickered in the corridors.
• In the center of the room was a table covered with weaving. oh gold tablecloth.

3. Select the sentences in which the numbers are correctly indicated, in the place of which HH are omitted.

• On the table there are (1) a lot of vases with flowers and a throw (2) and a bunch of branches, so that the dishes stand, as if in a sacrament (3) more often. (3)
• At the end of the nineteenth century, the variable filling thermometer was invented. Behind such a wise (2) name was a device intended (3) for measuring temperature in a small interval. (13)
• On a hot day, I sat by a tree (1) pier and ate ice cream (2) with crushed (3) nuts. (1)
• On the table are (1) s peaches, prepared (2) for compote, not yet cleaner .. s. (2)
• The glazed (1) doors were loose (2), and their standing (3) ringing merged with the ringing of the chandelier. (13)
• At the end of the long (1) corridor there was a fence (2) and a closet that served as a guest (3). (1)



1. Which word is spelled wrong?

B. No, you need to remember.

4. In which word is not a double, but a doubled consonant?

5. In what word are LJs written? Write it: scorched.

6. One or two letters are missing in brackets:

Beech alley, television antenna, dramatic conflict, art gallery, friendly team, interesting play, occupied territory, quarrel with friends, old yeast, show humanism, crystal honesty, file an appeal, aluminum alloy, inventive art, neatly decompose, intelligently talk, go to the operetta, the Masonic lodge, I am fond of fiction, an appetizing pie.

1. What sentences contain words that are written with double consonants?

• The streams have dried up.
• The travelers walked along the road, supporting each other.
• Everyone sat around the fire.

2. Which sentences contain words with two letters H?

• It is a pleasure to walk with a filled bucket along a barely visible path to the hut.
• He liked everything here and delighted him: how large drops flopped, falling from the leaves of trees, how peacefully the fire crackled and the forest land smelled breathtakingly.
• Grandmother collected herbs: St. John's wort, plantain, fern, and always told me about their healing mysterious properties.
• The owner spoke with unusual tenderness when talking to the pigeons.
• There is a wooden bench in the square near the entrance.
• Waves lazily crawled onto the sand and slowly crawled away, leaving behind an edge of snow-white foam.
• The dog stood and looked into the distance of the sea, numb, with its tail lowered.
• Grandmother sat at the table, was silent and slowly chewed bread.

For the third task, the answers are given in the text itself, in brackets.

Words with double (doubled) consonants

A long consonant in a word is often written using two identical consonants. Such consonants are called double (doubled).

The following consonants can be double in words:

• bb - pp- Saturday, group, troupe, apparatus
• ff- differentiate
• kk neat, accordion, hockey
• ss— profession, art, Russian
• tt- attraction, certificate
• pp- terrace, platform
• LJ- buzzing, burning
• ll- collection, alley, million
• mm— grammar, kilogram
• nn- bath, column, lemon

Double consonants can stand:

1. At the beginning of the word - burning
2. In the middle of the word - worldview
3. At the end of the word - kilogram

Double consonants are written at the junction of prefix and root: perpetual, view, support

double consonants can be at the junction of root and suffix: fireplace, lemon.

Double consonants can be found and at the root: Arts Oh, Gram.

The spelling of double consonants must be memorized or, if in doubt, refer to a spelling dictionary.

Usually, where a long sound is heard, double consonants are written. However, there are a number of exceptions that you need to know: gallery, imitation.

! Pay attention:

Double consonants refer to alone syllable: quarrel-ra, zhu-zhzhat.

When transferring words with double consonants, these letters are separated: Saturday, up-petit.

Spelling of words with double consonants. Word composition. Generalization" (Grade 3)

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Spelling of words with double consonants.

Primary school teacher

Moscow region, Chekhov

Lesson topic: “Spelling words with double consonants. Word composition. Generalization".

Target: learn to transfer words with doubled consonants, disassemble words in composition with doubled consonants; develop attention; educate interest in the Russian language.

Subject UUD: learn to write words with doubled consonants, distinguish between the pronunciation of words with doubled consonants and correctly designate them in writing.

Regulatory UUD: take into account the rule (algorithm) in planning and controlling the solution method, plan your actions with the help of a teacher when writing double consonants

Communicative UUD: take into account different opinions and interests and express their own opinion (position), argue it .
Cognitive UUD: understand information presented in pictorial, graphical form; consciously build a speech statement in oral and written form.

Personal UUD: awareness of one's ethnic and national identity; show cooperation skills, know how to avoid conflicts and find a way out of contentious conflicts.

Type of lesson: generalization and systematization of knowledge

Forms: individual, in pairs

Equipment: computer, interactive whiteboard, each student has cards with text.

I organizational moment

II adaptation stage

- Do you remember what spelling you got acquainted with and worked with during the last lessons?

- What rules did you get?

(A long consonant sound is heard one, and two letters are written.)

- What other rule did you get acquainted with?

(The rule of hyphenation of words with double consonants.)

How should words with a double consonant be hyphenated?

Checking homework

(Ak - ku - rat - but, al - ley, bass - sein, art - art - st, ki - lo - gram, ko - lon - on, honey - flax - but, metal - tal, from - those - nok , ras - tale, ras - standing - nie, hockey - kei, shos - se.)

What is the rule of the word?

- Who did the job?

What doubled consonant was most common in words? Children's answers.

Write a whole line.

Ss Ss Ss Ss Ss Ss Ss Ss Ss

- Write down the word, stress it, highlight the unstressed vowel, divide the word into syllables.

What spelling is found in the word?

Explain the meaning of the word apparatus.

The teacher puts cards on the board

for taking pictures

under images quickly punches for a conversation

water in the distance math action checks in the distance

- Compare the letters when we write a word with a double consonant and the sounds when we pronounce it. What is the difference?

- What conclusion can be drawn?

(We hear a long sound, write two letters)

- Unscramble another word.

C O S R R P O E N D E T N

— Write down the word, dividing it into syllables for transfer, stress, highlight the unstressed vowel.

Kor - res - pon - dent

What spelling is found in the word? How do we transfer words with a double consonant?

— Explain who the correspondent is?

(The correspondent writes articles, notes in newspapers and magazines)

- What is the name of a correspondent who takes photographs for newspapers and magazines?

Make up a sentence with the word correspondent.

(The correspondent wrote an interesting article.)

- Highlight the grammatical basis of the sentence. Label the parts of speech for each word.

What new words have you learned?

How will you write them? Why?

Lesson topic message

- Who will formulate the topic of today's lesson?

(Spelling of a double (double) consonant. Generalization of the studied)

III main stage

Generalization of the spelling of words with a double consonant

Work with text. Title of the text.

(Children have text on cards)

Read the article written by the correspondent.

Think about how to prove that this is a text.

The text is on the interactive whiteboard.

“The gorge had an amazingly picturesque and festive look! The mountains that formed it stood either as vertical walls or ran down in ledges. Despite the late autumn, it seemed that you were driving along the a__ of some fabulous garden. The bottom of the gorge was a wide road sprinkled with sand. On its sides grew groups of large poplars intertwined with some kind of climbing plant. In some places there were plantings of luxurious wild rose with long white thorns, like the claws of a cat.

What type of text is it?

- What does the text say?

Name the topic of the text.

- Write the title in your notebook.

Words with missing letters in the text. What rule do you need to know to write words correctly?

Write down the words with the missing letters. Insert letters. Divide words into syllables for hyphenation. Highlight doubled consonants with one line.

Find in the text words with double consonants.

Sort by composition.

(Sprinkled, long, story)

How can words with double consonants be formed?

(using prefixes and suffixes)

What other spelling is found in the text?

(Dividing soft sign)

Find in the text the words for this rule.

- Read the first sentence. Write off.

gorged b e - 6 b., 6 stars.

gorged b e had oud And vetel b knife And inscribed and praz d personal vi d !

- What is this sentence in terms of the purpose of the statement, in terms of intonation?

Determine the number of letters and sounds in the word gorge.

- What role does the separating soft sign play in the word?

Find in the text sentences with a separating soft sign. Write down suggestions. Highlight spellings.

The bottom of the gorge b I represent A sluggish sh And rokuyu d O horn, sprinkle nn th p e com.

According to Art. oro us her p O sli gr pp s large t O P O lei intertwined with some kind of b r A wailing.

What rules were repeated in the lesson?

IV creative stage

Write down the words, dividing them into syllables for transfer.

Newspaper, magazine employee.

(Kor - res - pon - dent)

Room in the school.

In the valleys, in the spurs

The wide road rushes

And she, as everyone knows,

It is called (shos - se)

Along the side of the road

Limes, maples here and there.

It's more fun for everyone to go here

This path is called (al-leya)

(address - si - ditch - ka)

Drawings in a magazine, newspaper, book.

(il - lu - str - tsii)

- Make up one word for schemes with double consonants.

The class has a cool elongated

VI Homework

Write down 10 words with double consonants from the dictionary.

Double Consonant Words Vocabulary

(The object of our research will be words with double consonants in the root) And the etymological dictionary (show) will tell you from which word. Learn words. Double consonants can be in the roots: Russian words: reins, buzz,; borrowed words: certificate, terrace. Determine the manufacturer.

Spelling of double consonants in a word - one of the words with double consonants must be remembered. wa with double consonants): Vocabulary p. In 1990, in Moscow, the publishing house 'Russian language' published his dictionary - a reference book 'Words with double consonants'. Author of tutorials for. Double consonants are written when a prefix and a root are combined, if the prefix is ​​\u200b\u200bDouble consonants are written when the constituent parts of compound words are combined, if one part ends, See dictionaries on Yandex. Double consonants at the root are most often found in borrowed words. Words are written with one consonant: acoustics DICTIONARIES on GRAMMA.

"Double consonant at the root of a word." 3rd grade. Presentation for the lesson. Download presentation (1.2 MB). Attention! The slide preview is for informational purposes only and may not represent the full extent of the presentation. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.

The purpose of the lesson: the formation of the ability to designate long consonant sounds in writing with letters, transfer words with double consonants. Educational. to acquaint students with the pronunciation and spelling of the most frequently used words with doubled letters; learn about the origin of words. promote the development of phonemic hearing (the ability to highlight words with double consonants at the root in the text), enrich the vocabulary of children with words with double consonants, teach the exact use of words depending on their lexical meaning; develop memory, attention, thinking, observation, the ability to draw conclusions and generalize; develop communication skills through work in pairs and groups, assessment and self-assessment of activities;

Educational. to cultivate interest in the Russian language, the need to use linguistic wealth; to improve the ability to listen and hear, working in groups, to cultivate mutual understanding and mutual assistance. nurturing education; activity (game moment); taking into account age characteristics. Organization and self-organization of educational and cognitive activity:.

verbal (story, conversation); practical (exercises); research;. information and communication. Stimulation and motivation (game moment, getting "5" when completing tasks). Control and self-control:. oral and written;

frontal and group; Student autonomy. under the guidance of a teacher; independent learning activity. Teaching techniques: observation of linguistic phenomena (comparison, identification). Equipment: interactive whiteboard, computer, presentation, cards for independent work, worksheets in groups, etymological dictionary, dictionary of foreign words. For students - cards "Research group No. 1", No. 2, No. 3; No. 4; 2 squares - yellow and green (to evaluate your work in the lesson).

Type of lesson according to educational purpose: lesson of discovering new knowledge. Type of lesson: lesson-research (problem-dialogical). Form of work: collective, in pairs, in groups. Organizing time. Motivation.

Calligraphy. Creation of a situation leading to the formulation of a learning task.

Introduction to the game plot. Work on the topic of the lesson. Fizkultminutka. Group work. Lesson results. Reflection.

Homework. Questions and tasks: during the lesson. I. Organizational moment. Emotional mood for the lesson.

We are starting a Russian lesson. Tell the secrets of the word (SLIDE 3). I am always ready for you. But be prepared for class. - Guys, are you ready to make new discoveries? Then let's get to work. Recording the date of the lesson in the student's notebooks.

- Open your notebooks, step back from homework two lines, write the number on the third. Today is the fourteenth of February.

Classwork. II.

Calligraphy. Knowledge update. (A minute of calligraphy becomes a “bridge” to the topic).

- Can you say that these are syllables? (No, they consist of two consonants, and the syllable must have a vowel). - What letter can be superfluous? (P - denotes a deaf consonant sound). - Write down the connection data in your notebook in alphabetical order, while observing the height of the letters and the slope. In what order were the letters written? (l, m, p, p).

1) Where is the board and desks. So that all the children immediately sit down. 3) Along the side of the road. Limes, maples here and there.

It's more fun for everyone to go here. This path is called ... (alley). - Look at what these words are interesting for, what is unusual about them. - Write these words in your notebook on the next line, separated by commas. Underline the letters that repeat in these words. III. Statement of the educational task.

- Today we will go to a city called (SLIDE 5) DOUBLE CONSONANTS. Today you will be not just travelers, but explorers. – What do you think could be the object of research in this city? (The object of our research will be words with double consonants in the root). What root spelling do we know? (Unstressed vowel, double consonant, unpronounceable consonant). Is there a spelling rule for an unstressed vowel at the root of a word? (You can change the word so that it is under stress).

For example, …. - About the spelling of a double consonant? (Change the word so that there is a vowel after it). For example, …. “About the unpronounceable consonant?” (Change the word so that the unpronounceable consonant is heard distinctly.) For example, …. Problematic question: How to check the spelling of words with a double consonant? (SLIDE 14). - How do we determine whether the word is a resident of the city Doubled consonants? (Assumptions of children).

Is there a general rule about writing double consonants at the root of a word. - What do you need to be in order for your research to be successful? (Active, attentive, help each other). What goals should we set for ourselves? (Learn to write words with double consonants at the root of the word, learn to see them in the text). IV.

Fizminutka for the eyes (SLIDE). V. Work on the topic of the lesson. 1. Exercise in writing words with doubled consonants. Each group receives a sheet with suggestions: Auditory dictation.

"Listen and say." (The goal is to observe words similar in sound, explain their spelling). Definition of the lexical meaning of words. Determine by ear in which words similar in sound should be written double consonants, and in which not. 1) If there are a lot of (s, ss) ora in the house. Maybe in the house flare up (s, ss) ora.

What are the similarities and differences between the words litter and quarrel? Name a synonym for the word litter. - Explain their meaning (litter - garbage, quarrel - discord, disagreement).

Spelling double consonants at the root of words

In Russian, in a number of words there is a double spelling of consonants in the root.

Double consonants in words of native Russian origin

In words of native Russian origin, double consonants are written "lj" fundamentally:

burn, tremble, juniper, juniper, buzz, buzz;

in formations from the verb burn - burnt, burning, burning, burning, burning.

These spellings should be distinguished from words in which a combination of consonants is written "zzh", which sounds like a long [ and‘]:

At the root of these words there is an alternation of consonant combinations "zg" And "zzh":

bruzg a - bruzzh a

sigh - sigh

mo zg - mo zh echok

drebe zg - drebe zzh a

Double "ss" written in the roots of words "ss ora", "ss swear", "Ro ss iya", "ross yanin" and other cognate words.

Writing double consonants in compound words

Double consonants are written in compound words at the junction of roots if the first part of the word ends and the second begins with the same consonant, for example:

ro dd om, head vv rach

If the stem of the word ends with the spelling of double consonants, then two letters are also written in the derived word before the suffix, for example:

• group pp a - group pp ka;
• telegram mm a - telegram mm ka;
• score - five points;
• program mm a - program mm ka;
• compromise ss - compromise ss.

Exceptions

In Russian orthography there are words - exceptions to the rule of writing double consonants at the root of a word.

Word "crystal" and all its derivatives have double consonant spellings "l":

crystal ik, crystal llic, crystallize,

crystal, crystal, crystal, crystal.

Let's continue this list of exceptions:

opera tt a - opera tka, opera accurate;

column nn and, column nn hell - column n ka, benzo-, water column n ka;

ma nn aya (groats), man nn ik - man ka;

fi nn s - fi nka, finnish, Finland;

then nn a, then nn already - three-ton nka, one and a half nka;

antena nn a - antena nka, antena nka.

In words borrowed from other languages, we remember the spelling of double consonants, for example:

trainer, merchant, a ss istent, apparat, terrace, ballad, effect, ann ulate, opposition, symmetry, platform, shelving, ress ora, te nn is, troll heibus.

In case of difficulty, we inquire about their spelling in the spelling dictionary.

It should be remembered that in the following borrowed words only one consonant is written at the root of the word:

address, aluminium, actress, attribute, afera, balustrade, business, gallery, galette, humanism, galantereya, dessert, and imitation, impre s ario, caloria, cavalry, caricature, corridor, privilege, producer, race, racist, panorama, pudding etc.

Video lesson “Words with double consonants. Word hyphenation with double consonants

double consonants. Words with double consonants.

In Russian, words with double consonants in the root are found quite often in foreign words, as well as in some Russian words. Most often in Russian words, a doubled consonant occurs at the junction of a root and a suffix, as well as at the junction of a prefix and a root.

Double consonants in roots

In the roots of Russian words, only double consonants are used ss And LJ . There are few such words.

Letters ss written in a word argument and related words formed from it, for example: By ss yell, by ss yell; and also in words Ro ss and I(from obsolete ross), ro ss English, Beloru ss and I(But Rus', Belarusian).

Letters LJ written in words in LJ and, dro LJ and, zhu LJ ahh, mo LJ evelnik and related words formed from them, for example: zhu LJ ane, mo LJ evelovy. Letters LJ are also written in words and forms derived from the verb burn (tourniquet), For example: LJ enenie, co LJ enie, LJ eat, LJ no, co LJ no.

Double consonants at the junction of a prefix and a root

Double consonants in Russian words are written at the junction of the prefix and the root, if the prefix ends and the root begins with the same consonant, for example: be ss porn, in ss dancing, in zz rhenium, according to dd keep, oh tt esnit.

Notes:

1. With letters ss words are written from the root -count- using an attachment races -, For example: ra ss read, ra ss read. Words with the same prefix and root -even- written with one With , For example: calculation, prudent(But countless, from without an account).

2. Double consonants can occur in suffixes and at the junction of a root and a suffix, for example: traditionally nn oh, unity nn oh, matro ss cue. We will consider these cases later.

Double consonants in foreign words

Most double consonants are found in foreign words, for example: appeal, intellectual, occupant. These words, as well as words with unchecked spellings, need to be memorized. The following is a list of the most common words with double consonants.

Words with double consonants

aggressor

apparatus

association

allegory

appetite

attache

annotation

artillery

certificate

cancel

assistant

attraction

appeal

ballad

barricade

fiction

vote

pool

bulletin

classic

Today, all of us who have gone through a modern comprehensive school habitually read spelling "edifications", such as:

However, at the same time, those who know do not forget how they used to write without spaces at all. Imagine, today we write prefixes together with the root, and prepositions separately. And before, when both prefixes and prepositions (and everything!) were written together, in a continuous text, HOW they distinguished in a continuous text, for example, the prefix “ at» ( jetty) from the preposition " at» ( at the camp…)?..

It is clear that they were guided by meanings and meanings. But what and how did they think about this when there were no spellings with spaces, when there were no such spelling rules as today, when they focused more on meaning?

It is clear that no one (even those who are not literate) purposely wrote two identical consonants each, that they really appeared on the border of parts of words. So, you need to see these boundaries and understand.

It is also clear that the modern Russian language develops, through formal rules and new word-creation, the old, well-established logic and separate traditions.

But why was it necessary to lose the meanings, without which the whole is destroyed!?

Double consonants are obtained if in different parts of a word (for example, in a prefix and a root) there are two identical consonants in the neighborhood: under + hold, off + drag, race + build etc.

(Actually, the prefix here is “Raz”, not “races”, but more on that later.)

It is a pity that now even prefixes and roots turn into almost “signs”, without meaning, with some kind of conventional meaning. But in Antiquity it was different: what we now read as “ support”, the ancient intelligent ancestors read meaningfully as “Under Hold” (i.e. “keep the basis, foundation, essence, foundation”), where “Under” is a name, and not some kind of service unit of the language, some "attachment".

And further. There is something to think about why this is done.

When we combine two bricks and make one big brick, then in life we ​​remember that the brick is “double”. Even when we attach another brick to this double brick.

But such common sense does not apply to the strange world of modern linguistics, where logical chains are very short, and even then only formal. In addition, some kind of “sclerosis” interferes: therefore, where there were just two bricks, suddenly only one is seen. We are not kidding. Here is an example:

And they get a new education, not related to the previous one: “ race + count", and not as it really is seen:" race+s+read”, while maintaining consistency and continuity in origin.

These are not “academic trifles” at all, but the methodical formation in the minds of those who are mastering the Russian language of incoherent logical chains, suspended as if in a void, i.e. actually cut off from the living unshakable foundation of the Living Russian Language and Living Russian Speech. Why oppose one to the other when they are clearly successively and meaningfully connected?

C + Even \u003d Score, Ras + Even \u003d Ra With even.

Without + With + Even = Be zs honest

(And in this place, only by the artificial assumption of the reformers of the language of 1917, the prefix “not existing in the Russian language” is written. demon", resulting in a modern" countless", to the laughter of all sane people who distinguish between stupid subtext and who can read what is written, and not what is invented:" demon countable!").

The situation is the same in other similar words:

Ras+C+Triple = Ra ss triple(although in fact here it is necessary " Ra zs triple"According to the real prefix "Raz").

Without + With + Rock(from Rock) = Be ss fatal(according to the pre-reform: " Be zs fatal»)…

The introduction of "false prefixes" Ras-" And " Bes-", along with real prefixes " Once-" And " Without-", in fact, turns out not to be "ordering and developing the language", as the reformers wanted, but the destruction of ancient living meanings in Language and Speech, where every sound, every letter has meaning!

It is the same here, as a result of the “simplification” reform, i.e. compounds of "normal" words formed by the prefix method (such as "Who + Zha" \u003d In zzh A), with those that can be attributed to "onomatopoeic" (such as Zhu LJ at).

Although “prefix, prepositions, suffixes” are all rather conditional things for the Living Language (in Antiquity they meant living words, independent, and not some kind of “additional parts”), this is not the point.

The meaning of the word, according to an artificial rule, is nevertheless destroyed, removed. What remains is an unintelligible, but “progressive” neoplasm: “ rein”, the spelling of which must now be memorized according to the new rule.

In case of " yeast"It is also not very clear why one option was chosen, although there are other, more meaningful options (see Dahl's dictionary): Dro railway and, Dro zzh And. In our opinion, the uncorrupted version: Yeast, as a more typical case, because we know many such words in Russian, where exactly this combination occurs: in zzh And, in and zzh at, receive zzh ahh, shit zzh ah…

Juniper also has the same more meaningful version: mo zzh ear.

It seems that the situation is the same with " LJ enie": this word comes from the original variants, in which, most likely, it was" ZZh". But let's not guess.

And, as a conclusion, it is no coincidence that this sound combination ЗЖ ("ЗъЖъ"), which refers, if punning, everything that " W A AND life"! And this is in almost all words in which there is no simple onomatopoeia.

And one gets the impression that the selection from the commonly used options was carried out according to the principle "as bad and incomprehensible as possible."

Here is what can be said today about the rule, which, according to modern orthography, suggests formally, without thinking, to write Learn.

ss ora- this noun actually came from the form " argument» ( rubbish): you remember well the idiom " do not take rubbish out of the house". Apparently, a situation has been fixed when the conflict starts small, “from rubbish”.

Here, in a simple way, they now want to include a kind of “neologism”: Russian, formed through Western (in particular, Polish borrowings of the 17th-18th centuries) forms of word formation relatively recently, at a time when the former names were removed at the turn of the 18th century " Tartaria», « RU camping " And " RU ss and I» (« Rus+Siya» - from Rus with other similar relatives, such as: Po+Rus+Siya”, modern Prou ss and I). When they wrote in continuous text, without spaces, the name was unambiguous " Rus", but with a kind of adjective form" Sia"("shining, radiant" - because in Antiquity, as is known from the remaining old handwritten books, scribes very often wrote abbreviated well-known and often repeated concepts!).

Foreign words, since they were brought into the Russian language, remember it, as is customary now (including for passing tests and exams): A ll her, a pp arat, Komi ss ya, those nn is, ho bb and, to mm ersant, uh ff ect, those pp history, oh kk upation, to tt ej, ja nn A…

We won't touch them. They themselves will die off, go out of use as the Native Speech revives.

But we must remember that among them there are also, as it were, ours, but preserved in other countries, i.e. ancient words common to many peoples, such as: Drama("Do Rama"), etc. Naturally, they cannot have double consonants.

§ 58. Double consonants are written with a combination of a prefix and a root, if the prefix ends and the root begins with the same consonant, for example: to support, in front of, to introduce, zz legal, counter rr evolution.

§ 59. Double consonants are written when combining the constituent parts of compound words, if one part ends and the other begins with the same consonant, for example: Mo ss advice, head vvrach.

§ 60. Double n and double c are written when the root and suffix are combined, if the root ends and the suffix begins with a consonant n or s:

with the suffix -n-, for example: long (length), ancient (old), stone (stone), domain (blast furnace), legal (law), temporary (time basis);

with the suffix -sk-, for example: Kotlas (Kotlas), Arzamas (Arzamas), Russian (Rus), but: Tartu (Tartu), Hankow (Hankou);

with the suffix -stv-: art (cf. skillful).

The double c is also written in past tense verbs when the stems on -c are combined with the reflexive particle -sya, for example: escaped, rushed.

Note. Double n is written in the numeral eleven.

§ 61. Double n is written in the suffixes -enn-, -onn- of adjectives formed from nouns, for example: straw, painful, cranberry, artificial, internal, bucket, characteristic, dining, revolutionary, positional.

Note. In the word windy and in derivatives from it, one n is written, but in prefixed formations -nn- is written (still, leeward).

Adjectives with the suffix -yan- (-an-) formed from nouns are written with one n, for example: hair, wood, clay, leather. adjectives wood, pewter, glass are written with a double n.

With one n, the suffix -in- is written in adjectives, for example: nightingale, chicken, living room, and also in the noun hotel.

§ 62. Double n is written in passive past participles, for example: reports read at the solemn meeting; a fighter wounded by an enemy bullet; collective farm, organized in 1930; detachment reinforced by two companies; deputies elected to the Supreme Council.

§ 63. Double n is written in all adjectives formed from passive participles of the past tense (or according to their type), if these adjectives have prefixes or end in -wounded, -wounded(except chewed and forged), for example: the patient is prescribed enhanced nutrition, a volume of selected works of Pushkin has been published, a sublime style, an inscribed triangle, aged wine, a trusted person, a temperate climate, refined manners, an abstract question, an absent-minded student, a worn dress, used books, a tear-stained face, a rusty key, a risky step, spoiled child, uprooted plot.

But with one n one should not write adjectives formed from passive participles of the past tense (including complex ones, see § 80, paragraph 2), if these adjectives do not have a prefix and are not formed from verbs in -ovate, -evate, for example : scientific works, wounded border guards, torn clothes, smoked sausage, boiled milk, dried fish, slaked lime, pickles, pickled apples, boiled potatoes, one-colored fabric.

Words desired, sacred, unexpected, unseen, unheard, unexpected and some others, defined in dictionary order, are written with two n.

§ 64. Double n is written in adverbs in -o and in nouns with suffixes in -ik, -its, -ost, formed from adjectives, if the latter are written with two n, for example: inadvertently, unheard of, agitated, agitation (agitated); confident, confident (confident); upbringing, pupil, pupil (educated); protege (placed); prisoner (prisoner); birthday boy (birthday); sennik (hay); root (root); characteristic (proprietary).

If the adjective has one n, then the adverbs and nouns formed from it are written with one n, for example: confused, confused, confused (confused); learned, learning (scientist); hemp (hemp); silversmith (silversmith). Also, with one n, the words srebrenik (in the meaning of a coin) and unmercenary (disinterested person) are written.

§ 65. Double n is written in the plural. h. and in the feminine and neuter gender units. hours of short adjectives formed from passive participles of the past tense, in the full form of which - double n, for example: disciplinary groups nn s and organized nn s, the girl was brought up nn and smart; they are very scattered nn s.

Short passive participles are written with one n, for example: broken n, broken on a, broken o, broken n, young man brought up n Komsomol; the girl is pampered n but upbringing; we are limited n passed by time; students organizing s to the group.

§ 66. Double w is written in words reins, yeast, juniper, buzz and in derivatives from them, as well as in some formations from the verb to burn, for example: you burn, burn, burnt, burning, burning.

If there is an alternation of zg - zzh, zd - zzh, you should write not double w, but zzh, for example: grumble (grub), cerebellum (brain), arrive (arrival), later(old. late, modern, late), clutter up (clutter up) and also to glimpse (cf. old brezg - “dawn”).

§ 67. More than two identical consonants in a row are not written, even though this was required by the composition of the word, for example: rasss to swear (ra s + ss to swear), ode ss cue (ode ss + s cue), pruss cue (pr ss + with cue), five-ton nn-th (five-ton nn + n-th).

§ 68. The spelling of double consonants in foreign words is determined in dictionary order, for example: irrigation, corrosion, cassation, kurtosis, essence, But: poster, letter, official, etching, report.

§ 69. In words formed from stems ending in two identical consonants, double consonants before suffixes are preserved, for example: group - group, group; program - program, software; kilowatt - kilowatt; Calcutta - Calcutta; class - cool; Hun - Hun; score(unit of measure, evaluation) - five-point, Gallic - Gallic; libretto - librettist.

Double consonants at the root or after a prefix is ​​a simple topic. But some words include a voiced sound in oral speech, displaying not one, but two letters in the letter. Examples in which doubled consonants occur are set out in the article.

To justify those who do not have one hundred percent literacy (and they are the majority), it is worth saying that the speech used by Pushkin is one of the most difficult in the world. Therefore, spelling rules must be repeated from time to time. Consider the most common spelling mistakes

Double "g"

There are many words in the Russian language, the spelling of which does not correspond to any rule. So, the double "g" is written in the following words:

• burning;
• yeast;
• rein;
• buzz;
• juniper.

But in the case of alternating sounds "zh" and "z" is written differently. For example, the verb "squeal" comes from the noun "scream". And therefore, despite the fact that doubled consonants are heard in oral speech, it is still written “zzh”.

Difficult words

Units of the language, called complex abbreviations, often raise doubts when writing. If the first part of a word ends with the letter that the second part begins with, double consonants occur.

• maternity hospital;
• head physician

These cases should not be confused with words formed from two parts, one of which includes doubled consonants:

• gramophone record (gramophone record);
• cavalry (horse army).

But if the adjective is formed from a stem in which there are doubled consonants, the above rule is observed. It must be followed when writing other parts of speech. The main condition is that the double consonant precedes the suffix. The following are examples of sentences containing words with double consonants.

1. Gauls- these are the tribes that existed in the so-called Gallic period.
2. His work was rated five points By five-point system.
3. Hunnic bow - a weapon created by nomads who are known in history as Huns.
4. After nine members left the project, it was no longer group, but a small small group.
5. The postman used to use diminutive forms in his speech: a letter, telegram, parcel.

Exceptions

But there are lexical units formed from words with double consonants, but not falling under the rules given above. These exceptions must be remembered.

• crystal, but crystal;
• Finn, but Finnish;
• column but column;
• ton, but five tons.

Exceptions can also include derivatives of proper names.

• In those distant times, she was not yet Alla Petrovna - a formidable and domineering woman, but stupid and naive Alcoy.
• One of the characters in Furmanov's work was a girl named Anna, better known as Anka- machine gunner.
• His name was Philip. And of all the works of classical literature, he most of all disliked Tolstoy's story " Filipok».

At the junction of prefix and root

In such cases, the spelling of words with double consonants is used. But this rule also has exceptions. In words such as call out or fake, the prefix ends with the letter that the root begins with.

Do not confuse the spelling of the verbs "succumb" and "succumb." In the first case, we are talking about an action that can be expressed as follows: "be influenced, agree", in the second - "go".

Words of foreign origin

The spelling of borrowings should be checked in a spelling dictionary. Or learn foreign languages. After all, words such as abbreviation, accommodation and application are of Latin origin. Studying is optional. Derivatives from many Latin words are found in modern English, German and French.

Those who do not want to spend time on the grammar and phonetics of a foreign language need to remember the spelling of foreign words. The following are sentences in which there are borrowings with doubled consonants.

1. Aggression often the result of alcohol poisoning.
2. Symptoms acclimatization manifest differently in each person.
3. In this store you can buy not only clothes, but also various accessories.
4. Ammonia has a high level of toxicity.
5. Finishing is a complex and laborious process.
6. The method of replacing one object with another is called approximation.
7. collegiateassessor, who lived next door, was a mysterious, secretive man.
8. The witch brewed incense potions, prepared strange essences.
9. There were many in the city heaps, to which visitors often took for real mountains.
10. Representatives of the Russian intelligentsia in search of salvation were forced to leave their homes.

Borrowings with one consonant

There are a number of words of foreign origin in which there are no double consonants, but for some reason mistakes are often made in their spelling:

• attribute;
• balustrade;
• dealer;
• amateur;
• impresario;
• wolverine.

And, finally, the well-known word, in which there are double consonants in the root: quarrel. Of course, in a verb derived from it, it is not necessary to write three letters “c” (quarrel). Words formed according to this scheme can include only two consonants.

Russian language is a basic subject at school. But over the years, the skills acquired in childhood and adolescence are lost. In writing texts, people who seem to be educated often make gross mistakes. Not everyone can answer the question of when it is necessary to write double consonants. And only a select few are gifted with the so-called innate sense of language. Therefore, the rules of the Russian language must be repeated throughout life.