Have been going on for a long time. Doctors are trying to prove the harm of this action, and industrialists go on about the supposedly colossal economic benefits. Let's try to figure it out.

The clock hands are translated twice a year in more than 100 countries of the world. This is done in order to save energy. Transfer is carried out at night to avoid overlaps in air and rail traffic. But in medical circles, disputes about the impact on the state of health of this economically justified measure do not subside.

Negative from the clock change

Scientists around the world are constantly researching the impact of clock shifting on human health. The research results boil down to the following: a violation of the natural rhythm of life negatively affects the body, however, the degree of impact depends on physical health. So, for example, it was noticed that after the transfer of the arrows, there is a surge in the exacerbation of such diseases as hypertension, osteochondrosis, arthritis, etc. But even absolutely healthy people note general malaise, increased fatigue, sleep disturbances, irritability, etc. This, in turn, leads to a weakening of the body, it is necessary to take measures to increase immunity. The consequences that the notorious fatigue and drowsiness cause are terrifying: the number of industrial accidents, road accidents, suicides, domestic quarrels, etc. is sharply increasing.

Daylight Saving Time

All these troubles people associate with the transition to winter or summer time. At the same time, the most it hurts to change the clock from winter to summer time, when the night becomes shorter by 1 hour. Scientists believe that this is due not only to the fact that a person has to sleep less, but also to the fact that winter time is natural, according to which all life on earth lives. It is noteworthy that some researchers have found that in the first days after the transition to winter time, people are much less likely to complain, in particular, of an increase in blood pressure. This once again proves that the human body thus “welcomes” the return to the time according to which all living nature lives.

It is noted that even healthy children react negatively to the translation of the arrows, although they quickly adapt to the new rhythm of life. 2-3 days after the transition to another time, children enter their usual mode, while many parents note that their child becomes lethargic, capricious, less interested in the outside world. And, if parents at home make an adjustment for an hour in the daily routine, then this does not happen in children's institutions, which is difficult for children to tolerate.

Potential benefit from translating arrows

And in conclusion, I would like to say about the benefit from the clock change to which our state aspires. In fact, the savings are not so solid. According to various estimates, per capita savings do not even reach 100 kWh. Today, in the central region of Russia, the cost of 1 kWh varies from 1.9 to 3 rubles. So it turns out that everyone saves a maximum of 300 rubles for the state. Is it justified? The amount is absolutely insignificant for any resident of Russia.

Supporters of the clock change argue that at this time the health status of only those who have chronic diseases worsens, and the adaptation period lasts no more than 3 days. Probably, they do not think that there are much more citizens with certain health problems than healthy ones. And officials are unlikely to take into account that we lose much more by sitting on forced sick leave. Yes, and the purchase of drugs takes much more than 300 rubles a year. So it turns out that, saving for the state, we sacrifice both our budget and our health.

At the end of 2011, Russia moved the clock forward one hour and switched to summer time, introduced in the USSR in 1981. The fall return to "normal" times has been cancelled. The country began to operate a time calculation system that was ahead of astronomical time by two hours.

This reform from the very beginning caused an ambiguous attitude among the inhabitants of Russia. Many complained of fatigue and lack of sleep. Children were forced to go to kindergartens and schools in the dark.

And here's the good news. Russian President Vladimir Putin on July 21, 2014 signed the law on the transition to winter time.

According to the law, on October 26 at 02.00 in most subjects of the Russian Federation, the clocks were set back an hour and there will be no further seasonal translation of the hands.

Apparently common sense took over the ephemeral benefit.

As far as historians know, the original idea to switch clocks to daylight saving time belonged to the American Benjamin Franklin. The same one that is depicted on the hundred dollar bill. At the time of his epiphany, Franklin was living in Paris as the American ambassador. One fine day, the politician, who liked to sleep longer, woke up before dawn and was surprised to find that in the warm season at six o'clock in the morning it was already light. Then Franklin thought about how many candles he burns, staying up late and getting up not with the first rays of the sun.

As far as historians know, the original idea to switch clocks to daylight saving time belonged to the American Benjamin Franklin // Photo: low.onvacations.co

Benjamin Franklin expressed his thoughts in an essay entitled "The Economic Project", which was published in 1784. In it, the politician wrote that only France could save almost one hundred million livres on candles, provided that they reset the clock in the spring. For those who flatly refuse to get up early, Franklin proposed introducing a special tax, and identify violators by lowered blinds during daylight hours. Another of his initiatives was the introduction of the norm of candles per family. At the same time, he did not deny that the translation of the clock hands would cause certain inconveniences. But what do they mean in comparison with such savings.

“It will be difficult in the first few days, and then the new regimen will become natural and easy. If you force a person to get up at four in the morning, then most likely he will want to sleep by eight in the evening. Benjamin Franklin noted in his essay.

Britannia

At the end of the 18th century, Franklin's ideas did not find their supporters. It is not known whether under the influence of an essay by an American politician, or inspired by his own thoughts, but in 1905 the Briton William Willet expressed exactly the same initiative. Willett also argued the need to move the hands of the clock with economic feasibility. He also tried to convey his thoughts to the people, but not in the form of an essay, but in the form of an article called "On wasting daylight."

According to Willett's initiative, all of April in every British home the clocks were to be set back twenty minutes. The innovator assumed that it would not be difficult for the British, because they already wind up the clock every week. And twenty minutes will not bring any inconvenience to the population. It was proposed to move the arrows back in October. William Willet was convinced that with the help of these simple manipulations, the inhabitants of Foggy Albion would receive over two hundred hours of light and save an incredible amount of electricity.

It took a long time and an incredible amount of debate to approve summer and winter time in Britain // Photo: dvecher.com

Willett was very active in promoting his initiative. The authorities also appreciated it, but it took a long time and an incredible amount of debate to approve the clock change. Farmers, bankers and astronomers opposed the clock change. It is noteworthy that Britain began to translate clocks in 1916 after the innovation appeared in Germany. William Willett did not live to see this moment.

USSR

With such a concept as summer and winter time, the Russians were introduced in 1917. After the first clock change, the authorities recognized this initiative as unsuccessful, but returned to it in 1931. At the same time, maternity time was introduced. It was sixty minutes ahead of the belt. In the early 1980s, Daylight Saving Time was added to daylight savings time. The Russians have been moving arrows for two decades. In 2011, it was decided to abandon summer and winter time. The Russian Federation did not begin to translate the clock, remaining on summer time. Three years later, a number of regions switched to permanent winter time due to the inconvenience created.

Where do the clocks change

At the moment, the transition to winter and summer time is carried out in most countries of the European Union, in the USA, in the CIS countries, except for Belarus, in a number of African countries such as Tunisia, Namibia and Egypt, as well as in Australia, but not everywhere. In Latin America, clock hands are translated in Cuba, Mexico and Honduras.

Nowadays, clock hands are translated in many countries of the world. But at the same time, a considerable number of states have abandoned this practice // Photo: shkolazhizni.ru

Asian states such as Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, China have long abandoned winter and summer time. They don't change clocks in Iceland. But not because they consider it inappropriate, but because in this country the time coincides with Greenwich Mean Time, lagging behind in the summer by only one hour.

On October 31, we will again move the clock hands one hour earlier. We are used to it. But let's think about how useful it is?

How it was
Many publications incorrectly attribute the invention of DST to the famous English builder and outdoor enthusiast William Willet.

He himself thought about the possibility of introducing "summer time" in 1905 during a trip before breakfast, seeing London sleeping with the sun already rising, noticing how many city dwellers wake up a significant part of the summer day. An avid golfer, he also disliked finishing his game at dusk.

In 1907, one of the newspapers in Great Britain published an article “On Wasting Daylight” by William Willett with a proposal to move the time forward 20 minutes every Sunday in April (80 minutes in total), and to reverse the translation of the hands in September.

Willet unsuccessfully lobbied for his proposal in the UK until his death from influenza in 1915, and the first nation in Europe to use Willet's idea to conserve coal during a war (since April 30, 1916) was Germany and its allies in World War I .

Universal implementation
Britain, most of the Allies, and a host of European neutrals soon followed suit; Russia and several other countries in the following year, and the United States in 1918. In many countries, the same type of posters on this topic were released, which called for patriotic feelings.

Nowadays
Currently, 76 countries use DST in one form or another (of which 10 countries do not use it in all regions), and 128 countries do not.
In the northern hemisphere, daylight saving time is used in the USA, Canada, European countries, and throughout Russia. In the southern hemisphere, summer time is used in Australia, New Zealand, Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina, Chile.

Refusal to change clocks
Japan, China, India, Singapore, as well as the republics of the former USSR refused to introduce summer time: Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan (Turkmenistan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan retained "maternity time").

Russia
In Russia, summer time was first introduced by a decree of the Provisional Government dated July 1, 1917. However, in accordance with the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR of December 22, 1917 (old style) "On the translation of the clock", on December 27 (old style) of the same year, the clock hands were again moved back an hour. Apparently, the clock hands in the USSR were not translated until 1930. In 1930, daylight savings time was introduced, the clock hands were moved 1 hour ahead of standard time.

The transfer of clock hands to daylight saving time was introduced from April 1, 1981 by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, but already relative to the daylight saving time, so that the general shift of summer time in Russia reached 2 hours.

Attempts to cancel the clock change
In 2008, Sergei Mironov introduced a bill to the State Duma to abolish the transition to summer time, the document was accompanied by the results of studies that showed that the transition from one time to another negatively affects the health of Russians.

However, on December 3, 2008, the Duma rejected the bill on first reading, partly due to the lack of sufficient scientific evidence of harm to health. Similar proposals were submitted to the Duma several times before, for example, in 2003, but they were always rejected.
In November 2009, Vasily Zakharyashchev, a deputy from the United Russia faction, again submitted a bill to the State Duma called "On the transition of the Russian Federation to standard time."

The bill was introduced the day after Dmitry Medvedev, speaking before the Federal Assembly, expressed doubts about the effectiveness of the transition to winter and summer time. In his opinion, it is necessary to compare the benefits of this transition and the obvious inconveniences.

About harm and benefit
Studies show that during the transition to a new time, young children and the elderly experience stress reactions, sleep disturbances, the activity of the cardiovascular and immune systems, and metabolic processes.

After the transition to summer time, the number of emergency calls for exacerbations of cardiovascular diseases increases by 7%. The translation of the arrows deprives people of the morning phases of sleep, leads to chronic sleep deprivation and, as a result, to a general increase in mortality. In 2000, a number of Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian doctors proposed to abandon the practice of switching to daylight saving time.

In addition, cardiology data indicate special problems during this period in hypertensive patients. Opponents of the translation of the arrows are also people who take medication exactly on time. For example, patients with diabetes.

Many scientists believe that changing time is contrary to nature. This procedure does not pass without consequences. According to American researchers, the number of deaths from accidents in the United States increases by 6% in the first time after the clock has been turned, and lost-time injuries by 7%.

Physiologists evaluate the transition to daylight saving time as an environmental shock. They believe that normal sleep can only occur when it coincides with local standard time, otherwise it is disturbed.

For residents of Ukraine, for example, standard (winter) time practically coincides with the present local time (there are small deviations in the extreme east and west of the country). The conclusion suggests itself - for Ukrainians it is better not to introduce summer time.

Doctors from the Siberian Agreement Interregional Association investigated the consequences of the spring shift of the arrows in nineteen subjects - in the Krasnoyarsk, Altai Territories, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Tomsk, Omsk Regions, the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper reports.

It turned out that in the first five days after the “clock change”, ambulance calls increase by 12%, suicides grow by 66%, 75% more die from heart attacks. The number of accidents increases by about a third. And only by the end of the third week after the arrows shifted an hour earlier, the indicators return to their original values.

In addition, the manipulation of arrows increases the overall death rate by 74 thousand people a year, which is twice as many as the number of deaths in car accidents.

Saving
Saving electricity is the main argument of supporters of introducing summer time. But this argument was relevant a few decades ago, when people's private lives were less connected to electricity than their work activities. Today, power engineers do not see much difference in energy consumption in summer and winter.

Due to the fact that in spring the hands of clocks running according to standard time are moved forward an hour, and in autumn they are set back, in general, the country saves 1% of electricity - several billion kilowatt-hours. This became known as a result of research conducted in the 1970s.

However, the data collected over the past few years show that pharmacists benefit most from the clock change. During this period, a peak in sales of medicines was recorded in Russia.

Lyrics
This morning, my baby, as usual, woke up at 8-30 in the morning. This is probably the only thing I could not get used to - my biological alarm clock gives a voice at 9-00. This is a habit that has already taken root in recent years.

Maybe I am winding myself up, and we will get used to it, as we are used to everything that was before. But sometimes you just want to live and not think that at least in the matter of time someone is annoying you.

Alternative view
Everything would be fine, but there is one BUT - an alternative view of existing events. I quote an excerpt from the book of Viktor Suvorov (Rezun) "Choice":

- It's simple. Is it necessary to go to war in full dress, in boxes of two hundred people? Is it necessary in war to tear your legs above the waist, is it necessary not to bend your knees and pull your socks off? Do I need to stick out my chest with a wheel and lift my chin above the nose? Why are we doing all this nonsense? And the point is to force thousands of people to act simultaneously and uniformly, obeying orders, not common sense.
- You can't argue with that.
- That's all. It is necessary to transfer such exercises to hundreds of millions of people.
"Forcing civilians to walk in marching order?"
- Of course not. I'm talking about content, not form. The main thing is that the exercises are stupid and that hundreds of millions of people act at the same time. It is necessary to force them to do stupid things on a regular basis... It is possible to force the entire population of the Earth to move the hands of the clock twice every year.
- And what motivates it?
- Announce that energy is saved in this way.
- But it does not save?
- Of course not.
-... Do you think that there will be no benefit from the translation of the arrows?
- There will be harm. Big harm.
- And no one will object?
- The crowd is incapable of thinking. The crowd will take it for granted and will create problems for themselves. As soon as we introduce a dozen of these stupid exercises for the population of the Earth, and everyone meekly obeys, we will own the world.

What do you think?

Analysts have counted seven initiatives by ex-president Medvedev, which are curtailed by the current president. One of them is the abolition of the transfer of hour hands to winter time. Another time reform that affected Russia was carried out in the summer of 2011. By presidential decree, the whole country, having changed the clocks to daylight saving time in the spring, remained in it forever. After the reform, the difference between clock and astronomical time was two hours. But such a difference, instead of the expected economic effect and favorable impact on the health of citizens, brought a number of inconveniences and became a reason for discussion. Practice has shown an ambiguous perception by people of the change in the temporary regime, which has become familiar. show that many Russians, especially in the eastern regions, consider the permanent transition to daylight saving time inappropriate.

Citizens express their dissatisfaction based on personal feelings and impressions. Many people are not happy with the fact that they spend at work and leave home and return in the dark. The cancellation of the transition to winter time has caused chronic sleep deprivation and fatigue. Official science does not voice reliable information about the negative impact of daylight saving time on the health of citizens. But, nevertheless, many people recognize such a temporary regime as uncomfortable and advocate approaching the average. The President of Russia is among them.

Undoubtedly, adaptation to constant seasonal changes in the time cycle at the moments of transition from summer to winter time negatively affects the population. It is difficult to find at least one person who has not experienced the “charms” of adaptation. Moreover, according to doctors, in the first days after the transition to a new hourly schedule, the number of ambulance calls increases, stress resistance decreases, and the number of heart attacks increases. At the same time, the transition to daylight saving time and vice versa does not give a special economic effect. But even a two-hour difference with the biological one does not cause optimism.

Precisely because such a reform of the time did not justify itself, in September 2012 a draft of a new law was submitted to the State Duma of the Russian Federation, and subsequently redirected to the government. The cancellation of daylight saving time was initiated by S.Kalashnikov, Chairman of the Committee of the State Duma of the Russian Federation. The bill, as noted by its author, is relevant and requires prompt consideration and support. The chief sanitary doctor of Russia G. Onishchenko admitted that the return of the country to astronomical time would be the most natural for the population. He also expressed the opinion that the transition to seasonal time for the sake of the economy and to the detriment of health is inappropriate. Thus, the abolition of daylight saving time is a matter of time and common sense. Considering that not only comfort, but also the health of citizens depends on the decision of the government, it remains to hope for a comprehensive and in-depth study of the problem by statesmen.

The first persons of the state have already expressed their point of view. The President noted that he does not like to live like summer in winter. He left the consideration of the bill in A. Prime Minister Medvedev, in response to journalists' questions, suggested holding a vote in a number of regions on the advisability of a new temporary system. He also acknowledged that daylight saving time is a matter of choice, and if people are in favor of abolishing the reform, then so be it.

In the USSR, seasonal switching began to be practiced in 1981. To date, this is carried out by the countries of the European Union, Australia, New Zealand, North America and Mexico. In total, 78 states use daylight saving time.

Clock hands are a symbol of the flow of life, sometimes they warn reality, sometimes they lag behind, and sometimes they stop. No matter how pragmatic it sounds, but human life is scheduled by the hour: plans, work schedule, study, eating, walking, sleeping - everything has its own time frame. What happens when the clock changes? Rhythms go astray and people suffer, but for some such changes pass without a trace, although it only seems so.

Winter time changes on the last Sunday in October. minus 1 hour at 3 am, daylight saving time starts on the last Sunday in March - plus 1 hour at 2 am.

Time is translated in order to save electricity and other natural resources, taking into account the earlier departure of the population to sleep.

As the founders of this theory justify themselves, the measures will help the nation to significantly preserve natural resources. But how such a transition affects the well-being of people, top management is silent.

The study of the correspondence between sleep and the daily norm was studied in ancient times, but then the goal of exclusive assistance and worship of unearthly power was pursued. At the end of the 18th century, humanity began to feel some inconvenience due to the different duration of the solar day in remote regions of the planet.

What do doctors think:

Seasonal, daily rhythms are directly related to the course of internal processes in the body of animals and humans. A strict routine of biological processes developed in the process of evolution, which helped to adapt to the environment.

Sleep consists of several phases, each of which requires completion. As a result of the reduction in time, the morning phase of REM sleep is interrupted, which helps to remember and assimilate the material of the past day. Thus, a person's memory deteriorates and non-standard thinking becomes dull.

What people think:

The next day after the “missing hour”, hundreds of drooping residents come to the clinic with health complaints. Existing diseases are aggravated, pressure rises, insomnia comes, and at best, just weakness and a slight loss of time.

What does the government think?

The authorities see only positive aspects in the transition to summer and winter time, although they themselves are hostages of the negative influence of such a tradition. All inconveniences are accepted when it comes to enrichment, in a word, just 1 hour can be sold for millions. The question of the “resignation of the watch power” has been considered since 1990, and only today some countries have been able to achieve year-round summer time to save the population.

The first difficulties with the transition are experienced by night workers, who directly on the spot have to move forward or backward an hour, which is quite difficult.

It will take 2 weeks for the body to completely adjust to the new hourly regimen for a person and an animal.

Customization Tips for the people will be very justified:

• getting up (going to bed) according to the old time. Every day it is worth increasing or decreasing the boundaries for 5-10 minutes, until the body gets used to the new time completely;
• obligatory morning breakfast. It is better to eat fresh vegetables or fruits for food - the ideal morning diet;
• nothing should change in life, even petty actions, up to your favorite music and a cheerful bus driver, remain the same.

With the advent of the tradition of changing the clock, the development of the energy and pharmaceutical business is actively gaining momentum, which leads to a chronocide of the population, close to the concept of genocide. The wealthy are cashing in on saved energy, and pharmacists are cashing in on increased demand for drugs.

The reason for everything is the government's neglect of people's interests and support for the enrichment policy. The ideologists of the creation of the “clock shift theory” often do not have accurate knowledge about the normal course of the “wake-sleep” cycle, which disrupts the social rhythms of the entire population.

Conclusion one: everything is under the power of nature, including time. As long as people try to control it, they will be punished by depriving them of the life forces granted to them.

Video: Why do they change clocks?