2nd person verbs: What are you doing? The meaning of the 3rd person in grammars is called subject-personal, because. the subject of the situation, denoted by the form of the 3rd person, can be both a person and an inanimate object. Conjugation is the change of verbs in the present and future simple tenses in persons and numbers (similar to declension for nouns).

The person is the most important category of the verb, with the help of which it is indicated who performs the action. The category of person is inherent in the verb forms of the present and future tenses of the indicative mood, as well as forms of the imperative mood. 1 person of the verb - indicates that the action refers directly to the speaker, he is the subject of speech (I make coffee, I will buy apples). 3rd person of the verb - expresses the relation of the action to a person or to an object that is not involved in speech (he goes to the cinema, she irons his shirt).

Verbs of the 1st person answer the questions: What am I doing? What will I do? In the imperative mood, the forms of the 1st and 3rd person are formed with the help of particles let's, yes, let, let. Among them are tiny ones, like a pinhead, and large ones, such as whales. Sharks live in the oceans. They are also different.

What is the person of the verb in Russian?

A person is an inflectional grammatical category of a verb, characteristic of finite (see) forms of the present-future tense (see Time) (presence). The person has features of both syntactic and nominative categories. In the Russian grammatical tradition, forms that have a personal numerical indicator are called personal, or conjugated (see System of verb forms, Finiteness).

The verb to give and its derivatives have in the plural. the ending of the 2nd conjugation in the 1st and 2nd person (dad-im, dad-it) and the ending of the 1st conjugation in the 3rd person (dad-ut). The verb is and its derivatives are conjugated in the plural. according to the second conjugation. The conjugated forms of the verb to be (I will, will, etc.) refer to the future tense. In the paradigm of the imperative mood, traditional grammars include forms of the 2nd person singular and plural and forms of joint action.

1.2. Facial category expression: imperative mood

NOTE. In the forms of the imperative mood, elements of agglutination are found, which are generally not characteristic of Russian morphology. A typical way of expressing grammatical meanings in Russian is inflectional - the expression of several (or all) grammatical meanings within one indicator, inflection. In perfective verbs and verbs of unidirectional movement (such as go, fly) of the imperfective form, the form of joint action is synthetic.

Synthetic forms without -te can also be used when referring to several persons: Guys, let's run!; Girls, let's go to the store! The analytical form let's be used only when referring to one addressee: Masha, let's go to the store!

2.4. The use of personal forms in their own meaning

The question of the status of the category of a person does not have an unambiguous solution in the domestic grammatical tradition. There is an approach in which a person is treated as a purely syntactic (consensual) category that does not have its own nominative meaning.

2.3. Person and semantics of the verb. Personal and impersonal verbs

With this approach, even in impersonal and indefinitely personal sentences, a zero subject is postulated. The person category of the verb has too many deviations from this scheme to consider the choice of person as canonical agreement. First, the agreement checker does not have a grammatical category of a person. For personal pronouns, the person is a lexical, not a grammatical meaning. Another thing is that in the form of the 3rd person, unlike 1-2 persons, it is impossible to determine the referent of the subject of the verb.

2.4.1. Indicative

2nd person, addressee. Various semantic, syntactic and communicative factors influence the use and interpretation of personal-numerical forms of verbs. The meaning of the 3rd person construct (Let him come in!) also seems to contain an implicit "address component" (something like 'tell him to come in'). For personal verbs, i.e. verbs that formally have a complete personal paradigm, the use of certain forms of the person depends on the lexical meaning of the verb.

Meaning of the person category of verbs

12) Currently I am studying in the evening at the 5th year of the Financial Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation, Faculty: "Finance and Credit". In addition to proper (direct) uses, each form of the face has improper (expansive or figurative) uses. The form of the 1st person singular is practically not generalizable.

54) Sometimes you act with her in the same scene and you don’t understand what she is doing until you watch the footage. 58) I look at him with some malice, he turns to me, salutes and, handing over the documents, says: “Everything is in order, you can go.” And vice versa, in modern colloquial speech, sometimes there is a choice of the form of the predicate according to the real number of the referent of the subject, contrary to the polite “You”, cf .: *Drank the medicine?

There are also verbs that are used only in the form of the 3rd L. unit. h. and in an impersonal meaning: It is getting dark; I get chills (see impersonal verbs). In this case, they require not the infinitive form, but the 1st person plural form (cf. with the synthetic form of joint action from the same verbs).

We will learn how to use personal pronouns correctly. Let's find out their meanings. We will learn how to correctly determine the case endings of personal pronouns.

My sister and I went to the Christmas tree. She was very smart and festive.

(It is not clear who was dressed up, a girl or a Christmas tree)

How to write. My sister and I went to the Christmas tree. The Christmas tree was very elegant, festive.

And here's another one: the Clown gave balloons to the guys. They were round, elongated and long.

(The guys were elongated and long).

How to write. The clown gave balloons to the children. The balls were round, elongated and long.

We are confused by the pronoun.

Pronoun- this is an independent non-significant part of speech that indicates objects, signs or quantities, but does not name them.

The grammatical features of pronouns are different and depend on which part of speech the pronoun acts as a substitute in the text.

Pronoun ranks by meaning

There are 9 categories of pronouns by meaning:

1. Personal : I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they. Personal pronouns indicate the participants in the dialogue (I, you, we, you), persons not participating in the conversation, and objects (he, she, it, they).

2. returnable : myself. This pronoun indicates the identity of a person or object called the subject, a person or object called the word himself (He will not offend himself. Hopes did not justify themselves).

3. Possessive : mine, yours, yours, ours, his, hers, theirs. Possessive pronouns indicate that an object belongs to a person or another object (This is my briefcase. Its size is very convenient).

4. pointing : this, that, such, such, so much, this (obsolete), this (obsolete). These pronouns indicate a sign or quantity of objects.

5. Determinants : himself, most, all, everyone, each, any, other, different, everyone (outdated), all (outdated). Definitive pronouns indicate the attribute of an object.

6. Interrogative : who, what, which, which, whose, how much. Interrogative pronouns serve as special interrogative words and indicate persons, objects, attributes, and quantity.

7. relative : the same as interrogative ones, in the function of connecting parts of a complex sentence (union words).

8. Negative : nobody, nothing, no one, nothing, none, no one. Negative pronouns express the absence of an object or attribute.

9. indefinite : someone, something, some, some, several, as well as all pronouns formed from interrogative pronouns by the prefix something or suffixes something, -or, -something.

Ranks of pronouns

pronouns	Pronouns	How do they change
pronouns	I, you, he (she, it), we, you, they	By persons, cases, 3rd person pronoun He changes by birth
Interrogative pronouns	who?, what?, what?, whose?, how much?, what?	They vary by gender and number. Pronouns who what? do not change by gender and number
Refundable pronouns		It has no nominative case, gender or number.
Relative pronouns	who, what, which, which, whose, how much, what	Change in cases
indefinite pronouns	someone, something, some, several, someone, something, someone, someone, something, etc.	Indefinite pronouns except someone, something change in cases. Also some indefinite pronouns
Negative pronouns	no one, nothing, none, no one, no one, nothing	Change in cases. Pronouns nobody and nothing do not have a nominative case
Possessive pronouns	mine, yours, yours, ours, yours	Change by gender, cases, numbers
Demonstrative pronouns	that, this, such, such, how many	The pronouns that, this, such, change according to gender, cases, numbers. The pronoun such changes by gender and number.
Definitive pronouns	all, everyone, each, himself, the most, any, other, other	Change by gender, cases, numbers

Personal pronouns have a morphological feature faces :

1st person: I, we;

2nd person: you, you;

3rd person: he, she, it, they.

Personal pronouns have a morphological feature numbers . Personal pronouns are singular (I, you, he, she, it) and plural (we, you, they) numbers.

All personal pronouns have a constant gender.

Pronouns I and you are of the general gender: I, you came - I, you came.

The pronoun he is masculine: he came.

The pronoun she is feminine: she came.

The pronoun is neuter: it came-o.

Plural pronouns we, you, they are not characterized by gender. We can talk about the animation of personal pronouns, since their C. p. coincides with R. p. (I don’t have you - I see you).

All personal pronouns change according to cases , i.e. inclined. In indirect cases with a preposition, n is added to pronouns of the 3rd person: from him, to them, from her. The addition does not occur with derivative prepositions during, thanks to, according to, contrary to, etc.: thanks to her, according to him.

face	units h., Cases - them. (rd., dt., vn., tv., etc.)	pl. h., Cases - them. (rd., dt., vn., tv., pr.)
	I (me, me, me, me / me, both to me)	we (us, us, us, us, O us)
	you (you, you, you, you/you, O you) you (you, you, you, you, about you)	you (you, you, you, you, O you)
	he (his / him, him / him, him, them / him, O him) she (her/her, her/her, her, her/her/her/her, O her) it (his / him, him / him, him, them / him, O him)	they (them/them, them, them/them, them/them, O them)

Say the correct pronoun THEM!

Their clothes

Boy - I learned.

Girl - I learned.

Personal pronouns of the 1st and 2nd person do not change by gender.

Rice. 4.

You, Petya, have learned your lesson, and you, Masha?

“Yes!” Masha said, “I learned!” “Me too,” said Petya.

Rice. 5.

Boys, have you learned your lessons?

Girls, are you going to school?

We will answer to ourselves both boys and girls.

Let's correct the sentence, indicating the person, number, case, if possible, the gender of pronouns.

1. Once a comrade approached (I) during a break.

Approached (to whom?) To me - this is the pronoun of the 1st person singular of the dative case.

2. Give (you) a monkey?

To give (to whom?) to you is the pronoun of the 2nd person singular of the dative case.

3. (She) is called Yashka.

Her name is (who?) - this is the pronoun of the 3rd person singular feminine of the genitive case.

4. Dad is angry at (we) with Yashka.

Angry (at whom?) at us is the pronoun of the 1st person plural of the accusative case.

5. Let her live with (you) for now.

Will live (with whom?) With you - this is the pronoun of the 2nd person singular of the genitive case.

6. With (she) having fun.

(With whom?) with her is the pronoun of the 3rd person singular feminine of the dative case.

7. So (I) got a monkey.

(Who?) for me is the pronoun of the 1st person singular of the accusative case.

1. Kalenchuk M.L., Churakova N.A., Baikova T.A. Russian language 4: Academic book / Textbook.

2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O. Russian language 4: Ballas.

3. Lomakovich S.V., Timchenko L.I. Russian language 4: VITA_PRESS.

3. Russian language in the CIS countries ().

1. Read Tsvetaeva's verse. Find pronouns in the text, determine their category.

I will win you back from all lands, from all skies, Because the forest is my cradle, and the grave is the forest, Because I stand on the ground with only one foot, Because I will sing about you like no other.

I will win you back from all the others - from that one, You will be no one's fiancé, I will be no one's wife, And in the last dispute I will take you - shut up!

2. Read. Write off. Underline personal pronouns. In brackets, write case questions to them.

The third part of the Earth is occupied by dry land. The rest is water! A variety of marine animals live in it. Among them are tiny ones, like a pinhead, and large ones, such as whales. Sharks live in the oceans. They are also different. There are dwarf sharks. And there are giant sharks. They weigh up to 20 tons.

3. Write down the sentences by inserting the missing pronoun in the correct form.

1) The pianist's concert ... liked it. His game made a wonderful impression on ....

2) I called … all evening yesterday, but … was constantly busy.

3) I have been studying with Volodya since the first year. I know very well ... and for a long time

I'm friends with...

4) I have a younger sister. In the evening I go for ... to kindergarten.

4.* Write a dialogue on any topic using as many personal pronouns as possible in different case forms.

Often we use words while speaking our native language without thinking. Rarely does anyone make mistakes. However, there are various cases and situations when it is simply necessary to update knowledge, clarify something, repeat or re-learn.

Verb face

The face of the verb tells us who is doing the action. It is an inflectional grammatical category of verbs, which expresses the action voiced by the verb in relation to the participant of the speech. This category of person is characteristic:

• imperative verb forms;
• verbs of the indicative mood of the future and present tense.

In Russian, an action called a verb is distinguished by quantity (singular (singular) and plural (plural)) and by persons, of which there are three:

• first: singular I - means that the speaker is the subject of speech and performs an action (I am preparing a holiday, I will pick a berry);
  plural We - a group of people together with the speaker perform an action (we watch TV, we play sports);
• second: singular You - indicates the action performed by the interlocutor (you will plant eggplants, you are reading a magazine);
  plural You - mean actions that are simultaneously related to the interlocutor and a group of people (you dream of the sea, you dig up potatoes);
• third: singular He, she, it - indicates an action regarding a person or object that is not involved in speech (he shows a trick, she goes to a shooting range);
  plural They - indicates actions regarding persons or objects not participating in speech (they play the ball).

How to determine the person of the verb

You can determine the person of the verb by posing a question, as well as highlighting the personal ending of the verb, determining its meaning, taking into account the content of the text:

Verb 1 l.: What will I do? What do I do? What will we do? What are we doing?
Verb 2: What are you going to do? What are you doing? What will you do? What you are doing?
Verb 3 l.: What will he do? What is he doing? What will they do? What are they doing?

Consider examples of the use of persons of verbs in the table. Please note: with the help of particles yes, let, let, let forms of the first and third persons of imperative verbs are formed.

Exception: impersonal verbs (lit up, rained) and infinitive (sing, grunt), past tense verb forms do not have a person category.

It will not be difficult for any person who knows the above information to determine the person of the verb in Russian. After all, speaking well in our time is a sign of good taste!

The lesson deals with the gender, person and number of the verb. You will see how the verb expresses the meaning of the action with the help of changes in gender, person and number.

Subject: Verb

Lesson: Gender, person, verb number

1. Grammatical meaning of the verb

Open the brackets and put the verbs in the correct present or future tense. If there are several variants of this form in the speech, choose one of them. Justify your choice of option. If the verb does not have the correct form, change the sentence to express the given content.

1. Some people (run) along the streets. 2. He (to attract) to people with a difficult fate. 3. In order not to freeze on the road, he usually (harness) the horse, let it gallop, and he (run) nearby. 4. I will definitely (recover) by the holiday. 5. I will definitely (win) these competitions. 6. I just (pour) sugar into the jar, (screw) the lid and come to you. 7. That's how I (annoy) the teacher! 8. Nettle is very strong (burn). 9. Puppy (lie down) under the sofa and purrs. 10. I (call) for you in the evening. 11. Mother (light) all the lamps and (drop) daughter's medicine. 12. He should not be entrusted with such a responsible task: he must (hesitate) at the most crucial moment. 13. I (knead) the dough, and then I will rest. 14. If there is blood (bake), it is difficult to treat the wound. 15. If water (leaks) under the bath, it will be difficultcollect. 16. When we (want), then (lie down) to rest! 17. If you don't give up right now, I'll (riddle) the whole house! 18. He will quickly (wear out) a new suit if he treats it so casually. 19. I (spin, spin, play tricks), but it's all to no avail! 20. He (climb) to the very top of the tree. 21. He (lie) to you! 22. They never (put) briefcases on desks. 23. He (bring) us trouble. 24. I’ll work out in a day, (work hard), sometimes in the evening so (exhaust) - I can’t move my hand. 25. I don't (offend you). 26. It (to distract) you from sad thoughts. 27. He (to renounce) us at the first danger. 28. I (defeat) this opponent too! 29. Water (flow) from the tap for the third day. 30. They (want) to disgrace us. 31. Boats do not stand still, they are slightly (to sway) on the water. 32. Wind blows, rain(splash) in my face. 33. Parents stand on the platform and (waving) after the departing train. 34. Streams flow from the roofs (drip). 35. Wolf (scour) through the forest in search of prey. 36. Women stand on the shore and (rinse) linen.

1. The culture of writing ().

2. Modern Russian language ().

Literature

1. Russian language. Grade 6: Baranov M.T. and others - M .: Education, 2008.

2. Russian language. Theory. 5-9 cells: V.V. Babaitseva, L.D. Chesnokova - M.: Bustard, 2008.

3. Russian language. 6th grade: ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta - M.: Bustard, 2010.

The verb is one of the most important units of language. Without it, it is impossible to construct an elementary simple sentence. That is why you should know how to use verbs correctly, taking into account the subject performing the action and the object to which this action is directed.

There are 3 persons of the verb in Russian.

1 person verbs

From the point of view of semantics, the first person expresses the action that is performed by the speaker or speakers. To determine 1 person in a verb, you need to determine the number. In Russian, the category of number is expressed by the plural and the singular.

To determine the form of the 1st person of the verb, it is necessary to substitute the pronouns "I" or "we". If a harmonious combination is obtained, and the verb has not lost its meaning, then this is 1 person.

Let's look at this with an example. Let's say the verb "read" 1 person, as it can be put together with the pronoun "I": I read. But the word "read" is no longer appropriate. Can't say " I'm reading".

2 person verbs

The 2nd person form of the verb denotes an action that is performed by an indirect object, and in a conversation by an interlocutor. 2nd person is defined by the pronouns "you" and "you". It is worth noting that in Russian the word "you" has 2 meanings: an appeal to a group of people and an appeal to a respected, senior person in rank or age.

The facial forms of verbs sometimes cause spelling difficulties. When writing verbs of the 2nd person, conjugations must be taken into account. So in the 2nd conjugation the endings are written - ish, -ite (you scream, you scream) and 1 conjugation - eat, eat (you sing, you sing).

3rd person verbs

Verbs of the 3rd person denote an action that is directed at an object or a person who is not participating in the conversation. They are defined by the pronouns "he, she, it" in the singular and "they" in the plural.

The person forms of the verb have some peculiarities. So, in the 3rd person, indicators of the gender category are erased. For verb forms of the 3rd person singular, the same endings exist: - et, -it. Let's look at examples:

He's sitting. She is sitting. It sits.

As you can see from the example, the action can be performed by masculine, neuter and feminine persons, but the verb will be the same.

For plural verbs of the 3rd person of the verb, there are endings - at in 2nd conjugation and - yat in the first conjugation. For example, they write(1 conjugation) and they are sitting(2 conjugation).

Impersonal verbs

There are impersonal verbs in Russian. Such words denote an action that does not have a subject, that is, an action that occurs by itself. In sentences with such forms of verbs, there is no subject.

Impersonal verbs can mean:

1. Actions and phenomena of nature. For example: It's freezing outside. We cannot substitute a pronoun and find out who exactly performed this action.

2. The human condition. This includes a small group of verbs. For example, I'm not well.

3. Desired action, necessary. For example, it would get warmer.

As a rule, impersonal verbs have the forms:

a) infinitive ( will freeze);

b) subjunctive mood ( dawn would).

It should be remembered that impersonal verbs never change in numbers and persons. They are in stable form. Impersonal verbs have forms of all moods, except for the imperative. If the verb is in the imperative mood, then it is definitely not impersonal (for example, the word " dusk"does not allow the imperative mood).

If we analyze the entire system of persons of verbs in Russian, we can conclude that there is nothing complicated in their definition. It is enough to know the main endings and accompanying pronouns. It turns out something like stable formulas.

It should be noted that in Russian the system of persons represents a special category. It will be easier to use it if you know about other changeable signs - conjugation, tense, number and moods that verbs can have.