1. The relevance of regional studies (1.1. Regionalization in the modern world. 1.2. Regionalization in modern Russia). 2. The subject area of regional studies (2.1. The goals of teaching regional studies. 2.2. The concept of the region. 2.3. Region-forming factors. 2.4. Regional policy. 2.5. Regional policy in Russia. 2.6. Regional development. 2.7. The structure of the training course). Literature.
1. RELEVANCE OF REGIONAL STUDIES
1.1. Regionalization in the modern world
In the modern world, two trends are clearly manifested: globalization and regionalization. Globalization as the formation of world integrity reveals itself in the formation of a single economic, political and information space. The strengthening of globalization processes is primarily influenced by countries developing on a post-industrial basis. Globalization is due to the needs of developed countries to export new technologies and knowledge, and developing countries - natural resources and manufactured goods; an incredible expansion of opportunities for the exchange of goods and information; the rapid growth of international trade and the gigantic flows of capital moving freely around the planet; the development of worldwide communication networks and the interpenetration of sociocultural paradigms.
Another trend in the development of the modern world is regionalization as the integration of local communities and their desire for autarky. Regionalization is manifested in localism, expanding the boundaries between territorial and social complexes, preserving the cultural differences of ethnic groups and other social groups, strengthening the sense of their exclusivity, and the emergence of self-sufficient economic and political entities.
The strengthening of regional borders points to the difference, to the "difference" of the orders of social life. The establishment of regional boundaries is a method "invented" by the world of people to ensure the possibility of preserving and maintaining the exclusive, unique norms of their collective existence. The regional border protects the social exclusivity (including values and shrines) of any community from intrusions and destruction by the “others”, protects the community from the massive penetration of unified forms and technologies for organizing social life.
AT In broad sociocultural terms, the regional border is a statement of the fact that humanity is characterized by a variety of forms of life that cannot and should not be standardized. The presence of regional differentiation of society is an essential condition for the constant measurement of its existence. Therefore, regionalization is inherent in all types of modern societies, regardless of their size, level of development, features of political structures. In other words, regionalization is invariably present in the internal arrangement of social relations.
AT Currently, the processes of regionalization have intensified at several levels at once. At the macro level, regionalization manifests itself, on the one hand,
in the desire of local civilizations to protect themselves from the expansion of other civilizations from outside. This leads to a "clash of civilizations", which, according to S.P. Huntington, will become the main problem of the coming world order. Regionalization at this level is accompanied by the fact that several major civilizations, having absorbed relatively
tral surrounding social space, gradually outline the contours of permanent conflict zones, a kind of "tectonic" faults at the points of contact of civilizational "plates". On the other hand, regionalization at the macro level is manifested in the fact that states developing on a post-industrial basis, being the initiators of "globalism", have themselves embarked on the path of regionalization, increasingly clearly forming a closed and self-sufficient system. This is evidenced, in particular, by the closure of trade and investment flows within the post-industrial system, the tightening of immigration policy in the West, its growing resistance to economic crises shaking the periphery (V.L. Inozemtsev). Therefore, Western countries, having maximized production results based on the self-growth of accumulated intellectual capital and secured absolute superiority over the agrarian-industrial world, today, more than ever before, are interested in maintaining and maintaining their own stability and autarky.
At the mesolevel, regionalization, which is of a supranational nature, is found in the desire for the integration of individual territories that are part of various states. Thus, the dominance of external socio-economic and political factors in structuring the space of modern Western Europe "launched" the process of transforming its appearance: the Europe of nation-states is being replaced by the Europe of regions. At the end of 1996 More than 300 European regions with different territories, political and administrative structures, representing the interests of over 400 million of their citizens, adopted the Declaration on Regionalism in Europe1. The initiator of the adoption of this Declaration was the Assembly of the Regions of Europe, which, in its program of action, seeks further regionalization within the institutional framework of individual countries, taking into account the importance of integration and regionalization processes in the modern world, and therefore to the recognition of regionalism not only in the European Union, but also beyond its borders. .
At the micro level, regionalization processes unfolded within nation states. Here, regionalization is connected with the strengthening of the peculiarity of the economic or political behavior of certain territorial communities within the country, their desire for cultural autarky, and sometimes even for separatism. In this regard, regionalization, accompanied by economic and ethno-cultural differentiation, geopolitical sovereignization, often leads to political fragmentation, conflicts and instability within previously integral state formations. An example of this is the collapse of the USSR and Yugoslavia, the ongoing processes of disintegration in the CIS countries, ethno-confessional confrontation in Northern Ireland and India.
1.2. Regionalization in modern Russia
At the macro level, the processes of regionalization also captured modern Russia, where in the 90s. 20th century the state-administrative, legal, socio-cultural and economic originality of individual territories was growing. Regionalization in the country was accompanied by the "sovereignization" of national and territorial entities, the emergence of independent subjects of government.
In 1993, the Constitution was adopted in Russia, in which Art. 65 ch. 3 from a political and legal point of view, 89 regions were identified as subjects of the Russian Federation:
1. Republics - Adygea, Altai, Bashkortostan, Buryatia, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Kalmykia, Karachay-Cherkessia, Karelia, Komi, Mari El, Mordovia, Sakha (Yakutia), North Ossetia, Tatarstan, Tyva, Udmurtia, Khakassia, Chuvashia (Chavash Republic), Chechnya.
2. Territories - Altai, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Primorsky, Stavropol, Khabarovsk.
3. Regions - Amur, Arkhangelsk, Astrakhan, Belgorod, Bryansk, Vladimir, Volgograd, Vologda, Voronezh, Ivanovo, Irkutsk, Ka-
Liningrad, Kaluga, Kursk, Leningrad, Lipetsk, Magadan, Moscow, Murmansk, Nizhny Novgorod, Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Orenburg, Orel, Penza, Perm, Pskov, Rostov, Ryazan, Samara, Saratov, Sakhalin, Sverdlovsk, Smolensk, Tambov, Tver, Tomsk, Tula, Tyumen, Ulyanovsk, Chelyabinsk, Chita, Yaroslavl. .
4. Jewish Autonomous Region.
5. Autonomous Okrugs - Aginsky Buryatsky, Komi-Permyatsky, Koryaksky, Nenets, Taimyrsky (Dolgano-Nenets), Ust-Orda Buryat, Khanty-Mansiysk, Chukotka, Evenki, Yamalo-Nenets.
6. Cities of federal significance - Moscow, St. Petersburg.
The establishment in Russia of such a political and legal institution as a “subject of the Federation” predetermined the development of the processes of political, economic and socio-cultural self-affirmation of the regions. This institution is interesting not so much because of its dependence on natural geographic factors, but rather because of its dependence on ethnic, sociocultural and political circumstances, since the latter determine the process of transformation of Russian provincialism into Russian regionalism.
Regionalization in Russia was a consequence of its climatic, socio-economic, ethno-cultural and political-administrative diversity, the political ambitions of the elite and the enclave mentality of certain social, including ethnic, groups on the ground. This was facilitated by the fact that in the Russian regions the nature and level of development, the quality of life, the mentality of the population, the depth and strength of the crisis, the direction and pace of economic and political transformation were different, so the ways out of the crisis, the models and timing of transformation largely depended on practical steps of local authorities. Due
with this at the beginning 90s of the last century, some of the scientists and politicians had the idea that, given the vastness of the territory of the Russian Federation
and its ethnic diversity, it is precisely “from below” that more prospects are opening up for getting out of the economic and political crisis” in which Russia found itself. Therefore, under such conditions, the role of regional policy should immeasurably increase, on the basis of which the formation of the new Russian statehood will take place.
The experience of modernizing countries shows that regional features of development in an era of transformation can turn into a powerful mobilizing force for change. Skillful use of the diversity of regional conditions can give flexibility to the overall modernization strategy of the state. Also, experts believe that the strengthening of the role of regional communities makes the adaptive "mechanisms" of adaptation of certain societies to changing living conditions more effective.
In addition, regionalization in Russia was a consequence of the emergence of new properties of its social system as a whole, which changed its socio-political and geopolitical organization, trying to get out of the crisis. Regionalization was also a reaction to the crisis of the command and control system, which was built on strict centralism and the unification of administrative goals and means in relation to the regions. Regionalization in Russia was accompanied by an aggravation of contradictions between the central and local authorities. The situation was complicated by the fact that the regional power structures turned out to be more capable, as, by the way, the central government, of reproducing the old traditions of the command-administrative system than of innovative methods and forms of public administration. The conflict situation in Russia was largely determined by the contradiction between the new state of Russian society and the old set of political institutions and ideas, both at the level of central and regional authorities.
As a result of reforms in Russia, the differences between the center and the periphery have deepened even more. The uneven geographical distribution of crisis regions in Russia contributed to the further strengthening of these differences.15 According to the Russian Constitution, the regions as subjects of the Federation are equal in rights, but they are equal primarily in relation to the center, and this concerns the implementation by all
subjects of federative relations of uniform rules of conduct. At the same time, the Russian Federation is built according to a mixed type, which implies the division of the state on the basis of two different principles, which together are contradictory:
1) administrative-territorial division (cities of federal significance, regions, territories);
2) national-territorial division (autonomous region, autonomous regions, republics). The mixed principle of state structure is the basis for the fact that the subjects of the Russian Federation in practice have a different political and legal status, which is the cause of various contradictions. Thus, the asymmetry in the political and legal status of the subjects of the Russian Federation for a long time led to the fact that in the subjects of the Federation (especially in the republics) laws were often adopted that were inconsistent with the Constitution of the Russian Federation or federal laws. Individual subjects of the Federation provoked budget conflicts by refusing to transfer money to the federal budget.
The subjects of the Russian Federation are regions with different levels of socio-economic development, which leads to their different economic status and generates asymmetry in relations with the center and among themselves. Many subjects of the Russian Federation are classified by experts as so-called problem regions. Currently, the following groups are distinguished among them:
1) underdeveloped regions, the majority of whose population is considered poor, since more than 80% of citizens are below the poverty line (Altai, Tyva, Mari El, etc.);
2) depressed regions whose production capacities are not used due to the reduction of state orders and the rupture of cooperation ties, with their characteristic sharp decline in the standard of living of the population who worked in Soviet times in their own 16
most of them at one of the large city-forming enterprises (certain regions of Western and Eastern Siberia, the Urals, etc.);
3) crisis regions characterized by a sharp decline in production (Chechnya, Ingushetia, North Ossetia, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria, Adygea, Chuvashia; Chita and Ivanovo regions);
4) pre-crisis, with a smaller decline in production
(Vladimir, Kaluga, Kostroma, Oryol, Ryazan, Tver, Yaroslavl, Kirov, Voronezh, Penza, Rostov, Kurgan, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Omsk, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Kaliningrad regions, Stavropol, Altai and Khabarovsk territories, the Republic of Mordovia, Karachay- Circassia, Udmurtia and a number of national districts); 5) regions with environmental problems that
characterized by the presence of harmful production, or experiencing the consequences of various disasters (the Volga region, the Urals, Kuzbass, etc.).
The cardinal differences between the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of the level of economic development have created a situation that suggests that financial support for some regions at the expense of others will continue for a long time. The peculiarity of this situation lies in the fact that only a small number of Russian regions are donors, while the vast majority receive subsidies. At the same time, the existing system of subsidizing regions is far from optimal. It has a number of negative aspects, since it creates dependent attitudes, and, consequently, there is no “leveling” of regions. On the contrary, subsidized regions are becoming more and more dependent on the center, and donor regions have no incentives to increase their revenue base, to attract additional investment.
In addition, economic asymmetry affects the level and quality of life of the population, especially the so-called "problem regions", generating social tension and spontaneous migration of the economically active population from the "poor" regions to the "rich", deforming the living space and the integrity of the federal
a state that needs independent and economically developed regions.
Regionalization in Russia has exacerbated all the “sick” issues for Russian society: problems of governance, interethnic relations, national-territorial structure, and personnel potential. Moreover, regionalization is also fraught with the danger of Russia's "collapse". Therefore, the center faced three tasks:
1) strengthening the vertical of state power;
2) development of a regional policy taking into account the specifics of the development of a particular region;
3) training of managerial personnel of a new formation, capable of innovative forms of activity in new socio-economic in the political conditions of Russia.
AT in terms of strengthening the vertical of state power in the context of regionalization and the formation of the Russian Federation as a “community of regions”, in accordance with Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation in May 2000, seven federal districts were formed on the territory of the Russian Federation:
1. Central Federal District (18 subjects of the Federation: Moscow - a city of federal significance, Belgorod Region, Bryansk Region, Vladimir Region, Voronezh Region, Ivanovo Region, Kaluga Region, Kostroma Region, Kursk Region, Lipetsk Region, Moscow Region, Oryol Region, Ryazan Region, Smolensk region, Tambov region, Tver region, Tula region, Yaroslavl region (center - Moscow).
2. Northwestern Federal District (11 constituent entities of the Russian Federation: Republic of Karelia, Republic of Komi, Arkhangelsk Region, Vologda Region, Kaliningrad Region, Leningrad Region, Murmansk Region, Novgorod Region, Pskov Region, St. Petersburg, Nenets Autonomous District. Center - St. Petersburg).
3. Southern Federal District (13 constituent entities of the Russian Federation: the Republic of Adygea (Adygea), the Republic of Dagestan, the Republic of Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkarian
Republic, Republic of Kalmykia, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Republic of North Ossetia Alania, Chechen Republic, Krasnodar Territory, Stavropol Territory, Astrakhan Region, Volgograd Region, Rostov Region. Center - Rostov-on-Don).
4. Volga Federal District (15 constituent entities of the Russian Federation: Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Mari El, Republic of Mordovia, Republic of Tatarstan (Tatarstan), Udmurt Republic, Chuvash Republic - Chavash Republic, Kirov Region, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Orenburg Region, Penza Region, Perm Region, Samara region, Saratov region, Ulyanovsk region, Komi-Permyatsky Autonomous Okrug. Center - Nizhny Novgorod).
5. Ural Federal District (6 subjects of the Russian Federation: Kurgan Region, Sverdlovsk Region, Tyumen Region, Chelyabinsk Region, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Centre
Yekaterinburg city).
6. Siberian Federal District (16 constituent entities of the Russian Federation: Republic of Altai, Republic of Buryatia, Republic of Tuva, Republic of Khakassia, Altai Territory, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Irkutsk Region, Kemerovo Region, Novosibirsk Region, Omsk Region, Tomsk Region, Chita Region, Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug, Taimyr(Dolgano-Nenets) Autonomous Okrug, Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug, Evenki Autonomous Okrug. Center - Novosibirsk).
7. Far Eastern Federal District (10 constituent entities of the Russian Federation: Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Primorsky Territory, Khabarovsk Territory, Amur Region, Kamchatka Region, Magadan Region, Sakhalin Region, Jewish Autonomous Region, Koryak Autonomous Region, Chukotka Autonomous Region. Center - Khabarovsk ).
In terms of developing a regional policy, taking into account the specifics of the development of a particular region, as well as in order to strengthen statehood in the Russian Federation, improve federalism, create conditions for a more effective and harmonious
development of the regions of the Russian Federation and ensuring the growth of the welfare of the population, in June 1996. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On the main provisions of regional policy in the Russian Federation" was issued.
In terms of training managerial personnel of a new formation in the country in the late 90s. in the higher school of Russia, the training of specialists in the direction of "Regional Studies" began. Its state educational standard provides that a specialist who has undergone professional training in regional studies must:
1) know the history, economy, geography, religion, culture and ecology of the region; regional state-political and legal systems, national-ethnic composition and social structure of the population of the region, to understand the features of the social development of the region;
2) have an idea about the main stages in the development of the system of interregional and interethnic relations in Russia, the trends and factors of its development; understand the place of the region in the system of interregional and interethnic relations, as well as the geopolitical position of the region;
3) understand the problems of Russia's national security and the problems of regional security;
4) own methods of complex regional research, modeling and forecasting of economic, demographic, social, political, cultural, environmental processes in the region;
5) own the methods of marketing research, information and management technologies;
6) be able to use the results of scientific and marketing research and methods of information and management technologies in professional activities;
7) be able to take into account regional specifics in the development of interregional and international economic, social, cultural and environmental projects and programs;
8) own a culture of thinking and public speaking, the ability to correctly and logically formulate their
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
ORDER
On approval of the Veterinary Rules for the regionalization of the territory of the Russian Federation
In accordance with Article 2.6 of the Law of the Russian Federation of May 14, 1993 N 4979-I "On Veterinary Medicine" (Bulletin of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation, 1993, N 24, Art. 857; Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2002, No. 1, item 2; 2004, N 27, item 2711; N 35, item 3607; 2005, N 19, item 1752; 2006, N 1, item 10; N 52, item 5498; 2007, No. 1, article 29; No. 30, article 3805; 2008, No. 24, article 2801; 2009, No. 1, article 17, article 21; 2010, No. 50, article 6614; 2011, No. 1, 6; N 30, art. 4590; 2015, N 29, art. 4339, art. 4359, art. 4369), subparagraph 5.2.9 of subparagraph 5.2 of paragraph 5 of the Regulations on the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, approved by the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 12, 2008 N 450 (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2008, N 25, art. 2983; N 32, art. 3791; N 42, art. 4825; N 46, art. 5337; 2009, N 1, art. 150; N 3, item 378; N 6, item 738; N 9, item 1119, item 1121; N 27, item 3364; N 33, item 4088; 2010, N 4, item 394; No. 5, article 538; No. 16, st.1917; N 23, art. 2833; N 26, art. 3350; N 31, art. 4251; N 31, art. 4262; N 32, art. 4330; No. 40, art. 5068; 2011, N 6, article 888; N 7, art. 983; No. 12, art. 1652; N 14, art. 1935; N 18, art. 2649; N 22, art. 3179; N 36, art. 5154; 2012, N 28, article 3900; N 32, art. 4561; N 37, art. 5001; 2013, N 10, article 1038; N 29, art. 3969; N 33, art. 4386; N 45, art. 5822; 2014, N 4, article 382; No. 10, art. 1035; No. 12, art. 1297; N 28, art. 4086; 2015, N 2, article 491; N 11, art. 1611; N 26, art. 3900; N 35, art. 4981; N 38, art. 5297; N 47, art. 6603),
I order:
Approve the attached Veterinary Rules for the regionalization of the territory of the Russian Federation.
Minister
A.N. Tkachev
Registered
at the Ministry of Justice
Russian Federation
March 23, 2016
registration N 41508
Veterinary rules for the regionalization of the territory of the Russian Federation
I. General provisions
1.1. These Veterinary Rules for regionalization of the territory of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) establish the procedure for regionalization of the territory of the Russian Federation, including the list of contagious animal diseases for which this regionalization is carried out, the procedure and features of keeping animals, movement of controlled goods through the territory of the Russian Federation in accordance with this regionalization, the list and procedure for carrying out the necessary additional anti-epizootic measures, the procedure for informing individuals and legal entities, state authorities and local governments about measures to regionalize the territory of the Russian Federation, the procedure for compiling, updating and publishing data and a map of the regionalization of the territory of the Russian Federation.
1.2. Regionalization of the territory of the Russian Federation - determination of the status of a contagious animal disease of the territory of the Russian Federation or its part, limited by natural or artificial barriers and (or) borders of the territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, municipalities, or a combination of them*.
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* Clause 1 of Article 2.6 of the Law of the Russian Federation of May 14, 1993 N 4979-I "On Veterinary Medicine".
The status of a region for a contagious animal disease characterizes a region by the presence of a pathogen of a contagious disease on its territory, by vaccination against a contagious disease in the region, by the level of risk of introducing the disease (its pathogen).
1.3. The regionalization of the territory of the Russian Federation is carried out taking into account the data of epizootic zoning and taking into account the zoosanitary status*.
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* Clause 4 of Article 2.6 of the Law of the Russian Federation of May 14, 1993 N 4979-I "On Veterinary Medicine".
The list of contagious animal diseases for which the regionalization of the territory of the Russian Federation is carried out is indicated in the appendix to these Rules.
1.4. Regionalization of the territory of the Russian Federation is carried out by the federal executive body in the field of veterinary supervision (Rosselkhoznadzor).
1.5. The determination of the status for a particular region is carried out simultaneously with the establishment of the boundaries of the region.
1.6. Determining the status of at least one region for a specific disease entails regionalization of the entire territory of the Russian Federation for this disease.
1.7. A prosperous region may include a territory that separates it from a disadvantaged region (including a disadvantaged region outside the state border of the Russian Federation) or from an object dangerous in terms of the occurrence (introduction) of a contagious disease, within which anti-epizootic measures are taken that are not carried out in a prosperous region (hereinafter referred to as the protection zone).
1.8. A free region and a region with an undetermined status may include a territory that has a different (other than the status of a region) status for being free from a contagious animal disease or for vaccination against this contagious disease (hereinafter referred to as the exclusion zone).
The exclusion zone is determined by the territory where an outbreak (case) of a contagious animal disease has previously occurred, which was eliminated, and at the same time, the transfer of the indicated contagious disease outside this territory was not allowed. The exclusion zone is determined by the Rosselkhoznadzor if the disease has already been eradicated, but the period that has passed since the elimination of the outbreak of the disease is less than the period required to recognize the territory as safe, taking into account the norms and recommendations of the Terrestrial Animal Health Code and the Aquatic Animal Health Code (www.oie.int) of the World Organization animal health, regulatory legal acts constituting the law of the Eurasian Economic Community, regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, and in their absence, taking into account the available data on the degree of danger and the parameters of the spread of this contagious animal disease.
II. The order of regionalization of the territory of the Russian Federation
2.1. Rosselkhoznadzor determines and changes the status of the region, taking into account the following information contained in the appeal of the executive authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation in the field of veterinary medicine:
a) copies of the following submitted to the system of state information support in the field of agriculture (as of the last reporting date):
information on contagious animal diseases (form 1-vet)*;
_______________
* In accordance with the Regulation).
information on anti-epizootic measures (form 1-vet A)*;
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* In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia dated April 2, 2008 N 189 "On the Regulations for the provision of information to the system of state information support in the field of agriculture" (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on April 18, 2008, registration N 11557) as amended by the order of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia dated September 27, 2011 N 340 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on December 30, 2011, registration N 22868) (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations).
urgent reports on the occurrence of a disease and the development of an epizootic situation (form 1-vet-B)*;
_______________
* In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia dated April 2, 2008 N 189 "On the Regulations for the provision of information to the system of state information support in the field of agriculture" (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on April 18, 2008, registration N 11557) as amended by the order of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia dated September 27, 2011 N 340 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on December 30, 2011, registration N 22868) (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations).
information on the movement and expenditure of biological products for anti-epizootic measures paid for from the federal budget (form 1-vet-B) *;
_______________
* In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia dated April 2, 2008 N 189 "On the Regulations for the provision of information to the system of state information support in the field of agriculture" (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on April 18, 2008, registration N 11557) as amended by the order of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia dated September 27, 2011 N 340 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on December 30, 2011, registration N 22868) (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations).
information about diseases of fish and other aquatic organisms (form 3-vet)*;
_______________
* In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia dated April 2, 2008 N 189 "On the Regulations for the provision of information to the system of state information support in the field of agriculture" (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on April 18, 2008, registration N 11557) as amended by the order of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia dated September 27, 2011 N 340 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on December 30, 2011, registration N 22868) (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations).
urgent reports on the detection of quarantine and especially dangerous animal diseases based on the results of laboratory tests (form 4-vet-B)*;
_______________
* In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia dated April 2, 2008 N 189 "On the Regulations for the provision of information to the system of state information support in the field of agriculture" (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on April 18, 2008, registration N 11557) as amended by the order of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia dated September 27, 2011 N 340 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on December 30, 2011, registration N 22868) (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations).
urgent reports on the identification of products that do not meet the requirements of veterinary and sanitary rules and regulations (form 4-vet-B)*;
_______________
* In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia dated April 2, 2008 N 189 "On the Regulations for the provision of information to the system of state information support in the field of agriculture" (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on April 18, 2008, registration N 11557) as amended by the order of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia dated September 27, 2011 N 340 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on December 30, 2011, registration N 22868) (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations).
information on veterinary supervision during the import, export and transportation of animals, products and raw materials of animal origin in the Russian Federation and between the CIS countries (form 7-vet) *;
_______________
* In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia dated April 2, 2008 N 189 "On the Regulations for the provision of information to the system of state information support in the field of agriculture" (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on April 18, 2008, registration N 11557) as amended by the order of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia dated September 27, 2011 N 340 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on December 30, 2011, registration N 22868) (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations).
b) copies of submitted submissions (decisions) on the establishment and cancellation of restrictive measures (quarantine):
submissions by the head of the executive authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation in the field of veterinary medicine to the highest official of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation on the need to establish restrictive measures (quarantine) in the event of contagious animal diseases;
decisions of the head of the executive authority of the subject of the Russian Federation in the field of veterinary medicine on the establishment of restrictive measures (quarantine) in the event of contagious, with the exception of especially dangerous, animal diseases;
decisions of the highest official of the subject of the Russian Federation on the establishment of restrictive measures (quarantine) in the event of the occurrence of contagious animal diseases;
submissions by the head of the executive authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation in the field of veterinary medicine to the highest official of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation on the abolition of restrictive measures (quarantine) established by the decision of the highest official of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation;
decisions of the head of the executive authority of the subject of the Russian Federation in the field of veterinary medicine on the abolition of restrictive measures (quarantine), if he establishes these measures;
c) a plan for conducting diagnostic studies, veterinary preventive and anti-epizootic measures on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation for the current year (if any).
When determining and changing the status of a region, other information at the disposal of the Rosselkhoznadzor is also used.
2.2. Rosselkhoznadzor, within ten working days from the date of receipt of information, determines (changes) the status of the region, or requests the missing information from the executive authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, or refuses to change the status of the region, if there are no grounds for changing the status provided for in paragraphs 2.4-2.13 of these Rules .
2.3. To determine the status of a region, Rosselkhoznadzor independently uses copies of urgent reports submitted to the system of state information support in the field of agriculture (as of the last reporting date) on the detection of quarantine and especially dangerous animal diseases based on the results of laboratory tests (form 4-vet-B) received from institutions subordinate to Rosselkhoznadzor )*.
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* In accordance with the Regulations.
2.4. The status "Prosperous region" is determined for the region, in one of the following cases:
a) if in a given region:
- there were no cases of this contagious disease either at any time or within the time periods specified in paragraph 1.8 of these Rules;
- there were no cases of detection of the circulation of its pathogen, within the time limits specified in paragraph 1.8 of these Rules;
- there is no possibility of the spread of the causative agent of this disease due to natural and climatic features, the absence of vectors, or other natural reasons, according to information from organizations operating in the field of veterinary medicine and having the status of a reference center of the World Organization for Animal Health;
- there are no cases of detection of a viable causative agent of this disease, its genome or antigen in products (including finished products and raw materials) that are in circulation in the region;
- a monitoring program is being carried out for products from susceptible domestic and wild (if any) animals that are in circulation or living in the region, to identify a viable pathogen of this disease (a federal veterinary safety monitoring program approved by Rosselkhoznadzor on the basis of
b) if in a given region:
- there were no cases of this contagious disease and there were no cases of detection of the circulation of its pathogen at any time or during the period established in accordance with paragraph 1.8 of these Rules;
- a program is being carried out to monitor the circulation of the causative agent of this disease among susceptible domestic (if any) and wild (if any) animals (federal and regional programs);
- a monitoring program is being carried out for products (including raw materials and finished products) obtained from susceptible domestic and wild (if any) animals, which are in circulation or inhabiting the territory of the region, to identify a viable causative agent of this disease (federal and (or) regional programs);
- a monitoring program is being carried out for products obtained from susceptible domestic and wild (if any) animals kept (kept) in the region, to identify the genome of the causative agent of this disease, its antigens, other evidence of its presence in the region (federal and (or) regional programs);
- laboratory studies of products of animal origin (including raw materials and finished products) are carried out to identify the genome of the causative agent of this disease, its antigens;
- there are no cases of detection of a viable causative agent of this disease, its genome or antigen in products obtained from susceptible domestic and wild animals that are in circulation in the region;
- group or individual (depending on the type of animals and the type of their maintenance) identification of animals susceptible to this disease is provided.
2.5. The protective zone is defined on a part of the territory of the region with the status of "Prosperous region", if additional measures are required to maintain its status in accordance with the veterinary rules for the implementation of preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic, restrictive and other measures, the establishment and cancellation in the territory of the Russian Federation of quarantine and other restrictions aimed at preventing the spread and elimination of foci of contagious and other animal diseases (hereinafter referred to as veterinary rules).
2.6. The status "Unfavorable region" is determined for a region in one of the following cases:
- on the territory of the region there are cases of detection of this contagious animal disease;
- on the territory of the region there were cases of this contagious animal disease, taking into account the terms contained in the Terrestrial Animal Health Code and the Aquatic Animal Health Code (www.oie.int) of the World Organization for Animal Health, in the regulatory legal acts constituting the law of the Eurasian Economic Community, in normative legal acts of the Russian Federation, and in their absence, within the time limits established taking into account the available data on the degree of danger and the parameters of the spread of this contagious animal disease;
- on the territory of the region, the circulation of the causative agent of this contagious animal disease was established, taking place at the time of determining the status or taking place at the time specified in the Terrestrial Animal Health Code and the Aquatic Animal Health Code (www.oie.int) of the World Organization for Animal Health, in regulatory legal acts constituting the law of the Eurasian Economic Community, in the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, and in their absence, within the time limits established taking into account the available data on the degree of danger and the parameters of the spread of this contagious animal disease. The established terms for recognizing a territory as safe are published on the official website of the Rosselkhoznadzor in the information and telecommunication network "Internet";
- there are results of detection in products of animal origin in the territory of a given region of the genetic material of the causative agent of a specific animal disease, or its antigens, or antibodies to them, which are not antibodies produced as a result of vaccination.
2.7. The "Region with undefined status" status is set for a region if:
- on the territory of the region there are no cases of detection of this contagious animal disease;
- there were no cases of this contagious animal disease on the territory of the region, taking into account the terms contained in the Terrestrial Animal Health Code and the Aquatic Animal Health Code (www.oie.int) of the World Organization for Animal Health, in the regulatory legal acts constituting the law of the Eurasian Economic Community, in the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, and in their absence, within the time limits established taking into account the available data on the degree of danger and the parameters of the spread of this contagious animal disease;
- on the territory of the region, the circulation of the pathogen of this contagious animal disease was not established, which took place at the time of determining the status or took place during the periods specified in the Terrestrial Animal Health Code and the Aquatic Animal Health Code (www.oie.int) of the World Organization for Animal Health, in the regulatory legal acts constituting the law of the Eurasian Economic Community, in the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, and in their absence, within the time limits established taking into account the available data on the degree of danger and the parameters of the spread of this contagious animal disease. The established terms for recognizing a territory as safe are published on the official website of the Rosselkhoznadzor in the information and telecommunication network "Internet";
- there are no results of detection in products of animal origin in the territory of this region of the genetic material of the causative agent of a particular animal disease, or its antigens, or antibodies to them that are not antibodies produced as a result of vaccination,
as well as:
a) the region has one of the following features:
- there is a possibility of the spread of the causative agent of this disease due to natural and climatic features, the absence of vectors, or other natural reasons according to information from organizations operating in the field of veterinary medicine and having the status of a reference center of the World Organization for Animal Health;
- there is no monitoring program for products from susceptible domestic and wild (if any) animals that are in circulation or inhabiting the territory of the region to identify a viable pathogen of this disease (the federal veterinary safety monitoring program approved by Rosselkhoznadzor on the basis of Article 3 of the Law of the Russian Federation dated 14 May 1993 N 4979-1 "On Veterinary Medicine", and (or) the regional program, if it exists in the subject of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - the federal and (or) regional programs);
b) in this region there is one of the following signs:
- there is no monitoring program for the circulation of the causative agent of this disease among susceptible domestic (if any) and wild (if any) animals (federal and regional programs);
- there is no monitoring program for products (including raw materials and finished products) obtained from susceptible domestic and wild (if any) animals that are in circulation or living in the region, to identify a viable pathogen of this disease (federal and (or) regional programs) ;
- there is no monitoring program for products obtained from susceptible domestic and wild (if any) animals kept (kept) in the region, to identify the genome of the causative agent of this disease, its antigens, other evidence of its presence in the region (federal and (or) regional programs);
- laboratory studies of products of animal origin (including raw materials and finished products) are not carried out to identify the genome of the causative agent of this disease, its antigens;
- group or individual (depending on the type of animals and the type of their keeping) identification of animals susceptible to this disease is not provided.
2.8. The determination of the status by the level of risk of the occurrence of a contagious disease is carried out in relation to the regions free from a particular contagious disease and to the regions with an undetermined status.
2.9. The status of "Region of high risk" is determined for the region that borders on the region with the status of "Unfavorable region", and (or) into which products (including raw materials and finished products) are imported, obtained from susceptible domestic and wild (if any) animals from region with the status of "Unfavorable region".
2.10. The status "Region of average risk" is determined for a region that borders a region with the status of "Unfavorable region", and products (including raw materials and finished products) obtained from susceptible domestic and wild (if any) animals are not imported from a region that has status "Disadvantaged region".
2.11. The status "Region of low risk" is defined for a region that does not border on a region that has the status of "Unfavorable region", and at the same time, products (including raw materials and finished products) obtained from susceptible domestic and wild (if any) animals are not imported from region with the status of "Unfavorable region".
2.12. The status "Region without vaccination" is defined for a region in which animals are not vaccinated against a specific contagious disease.
2.13. "Region with vaccination" is defined for the region in which animals are vaccinated against a particular contagious disease.
2.14. In the event that the Rosselkhoznadzor or the executive authority of the subject of the Russian Federation in the field of veterinary medicine detects a discrepancy between the established status of the region and the existing characteristic, the Rosselkhoznadzor makes the necessary changes to the previously determined status of the region within ten days from the date of detection of the discrepancy.
2.15. The results of regionalization are formalized by the decision of the Rosselkhoznadzor, which contains:
- a list of statuses defined for the Russian Federation and for the regions in relation to each of the infectious diseases for which regionalization is carried out;
- description of the boundaries of all regions for which the status is determined in relation to each of the infectious diseases, for which regionalization is carried out taking into account the data of epizootic zoning and compartmentalization;
- in accordance with the veterinary regulations (in the absence of veterinary regulations, in accordance with the available data on the degree of danger and the parameters of the spread of this contagious animal disease), a description of all conditions and restrictions on the movement of animals and products of animal origin; anti-epizootic measures in accordance with a certain status; restrictions and conditions for breeding, keeping and moving animals, receiving, manufacturing, processing, handling and moving products of animal origin in established protective zones and exclusion zones.
III. The procedure and features of keeping animals, moving controlled goods across the territory of the Russian Federation in accordance with the regionalization
3.1. The procedure and features of keeping animals are established in accordance with the veterinary rules for keeping certain types of animals and the status of the region in which the animals are kept provided for in Article 2.4 of the Law of the Russian Federation of May 14, 1993 N 4979-1 "On Veterinary Medicine".
3.2. When establishing prohibitions, restrictions and conditions in accordance with regionalization, Rosselkhoznadzor should proceed from the need to ensure biological safety and maintain a certain status of the region while minimizing harm to individuals and legal entities, the population of domestic and wild animals of this and other regions in accordance with veterinary rules, and in the absence of veterinary regulations - in accordance with the available data on the degree of danger and the parameters of the spread of this contagious animal disease.
The conditions and restrictions established in accordance with the regionalization for breeding, keeping and moving animals, receiving, manufacturing, processing, handling and moving products (including raw materials and finished products) obtained from susceptible domestic and wild (if any) animals are aimed solely at preventing spread of contagious animal diseases.
3.3. Establishment for the purposes of regionalization of bans on the keeping of animals and on the manufacture of products (including raw materials and finished products) obtained from susceptible domestic and wild (if any) animals is allowed only in relation to protection zones and exclusion zones.
3.4. Establishment for the purposes of regionalization of restrictions on the keeping of animals and on the manufacture of products (including raw materials and finished products) obtained from susceptible domestic and wild (if any) animals is allowed only in disadvantaged regions, high-risk regions, established protection zones and exclusion zones.
3.5. Prohibitions established in accordance with regionalization on the movement of animals and products (including raw materials and finished products) obtained from susceptible domestic and wild (if any) animals do not apply to their movement for the purpose of carrying out diagnostic and research activities, if it is carried out by the authority public authority in the field of veterinary medicine or under its control.
3.6. The introduction of a ban on the transportation of animals and other controlled cargo (goods) that cannot be carriers of the pathogen of this disease is prohibited.
3.7. When establishing prohibitions, conditions and restrictions on the movement from a region with one status to a region with a different status of animals and products (including raw materials and finished products) obtained from susceptible domestic and wild (if any) animals, the following is taken into account:
- when they move, there is a risk of spreading a contagious disease through the controlled goods being moved, the containers in which they are packed, and the vehicles in which they move;
- the level of risk of spreading a contagious disease that occurs during their movement;
- the presence of the possibility of the emergence and spread of the disease in the region where they move;
- the amount of possible damage from the occurrence and spread of the disease in the region where they move.
It is not allowed to impose prohibitions, conditions and restrictions on the movement of a specific controlled product if there is no risk of the spread of a contagious disease during movement and if there is no possibility of the occurrence of this contagious disease in the region to which the controlled product is moved.
3.8. In the event of a threat of the spread of contagious animal diseases, Rosselkhoznadzor has the right to take a decision to ban the movement, restrict movement, or establish conditions for the movement of animals susceptible to this disease and controlled goods to a region where there is a subpopulation of susceptible animals that may lead to the introduction of a contagious animal disease (its pathogen) to this region, with the following types of transportation:
- when importing from a disadvantaged region to a region with an unknown status;
- when importing from a disadvantaged region to a prosperous region;
- when importing from a region with an unknown status to a prosperous region;
- when imported from a region with vaccination to a region without vaccination;
- when importing from a high-risk region to a low-risk region;
- when importing from a high-risk region to a medium-risk region;
- when importing from a medium-risk region to a low-risk region;
- when leaving the exclusion zone, when leaving the protection zone.
IV. List and procedure for carrying out necessary additional anti-epizootic measures
4.1. In the case provided for in clause 1.8 of these Rules, within a prosperous region or a region with an uncertain status, by decision of the Rosselkhoznadzor, an exclusion zone may be determined.
4.2. On the territory of a disadvantaged region, exclusion zone, protection zone, measures are taken to eliminate a contagious animal disease in accordance with veterinary rules, and in the absence of veterinary rules - in accordance with the available data on the degree of danger and the parameters of the spread of this contagious animal disease.
4.3. To protect animal health and ensure the safety of products of animal origin produced and (or) in circulation in the territory of a given region, a protective zone is established separating it from territories with a different status in terms of well-being in relation to a contagious animal disease or the level of risk of introducing this disease (its pathogen) . The size of the territory of the protective zone is determined depending on the degree of risk of penetration of the pathogen. The boundaries of the protective zone may include the territories of one or more constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
4.4. The boundaries of the protective zone are the boundaries of the application of a complex of anti-epizootic measures carried out in the protective zone and not carried out in another territory of the prosperous region, to which the protective zone is adjacent.
V. The procedure for informing individuals and legal entities, state authorities and local governments about measures for the regionalization of the territory of the Russian Federation, including the compilation, updating and publication of data and a map of the regionalization of the territory of the Russian Federation
5.1. The map of the regionalization of the territory of the Russian Federation displays in graphical and textual forms the location, borders and statuses of the regions.
The text part of the map of regionalization of the territory of the Russian Federation indicates its name, details of the decisions of the Rosselkhoznadzor on determining or changing the status of regions, as well as symbols.
The graphical part of the map of regionalization of the territory of the Russian Federation depicts the location, borders and status of regions on a scale that ensures the readability of the map of regionalization of the territory of the Russian Federation.
5.2. The map of regionalization of the territory of the Russian Federation is drawn up in accordance with the decisions of the Rosselkhoznadzor on determining or changing the status of regions.
5.3. The map of regionalization of the territory of the Russian Federation is updated within one day after the adoption and execution of the relevant decision to determine or change the status of the region.
The map of the regionalization of the territory of the Russian Federation is posted on the websites of the Rosselkhoznadzor and the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia in the information and telecommunications network "Internet".
Informing individuals and legal entities, public authorities and local governments about measures for the regionalization of the territory of the Russian Federation is carried out by providing free access to the regionalization map of the territory of the Russian Federation.
Appendix. List of contagious animal diseases, according to which the regionalization of the territory of the Russian Federation is carried out
Appendix
to the Veterinary Rules
regionalization
territory of the Russian Federation
1. Aleutian mink disease
2. Adenomatosis of sheep and goats
3. Canine adenovirus disease
4. Canine adenovirus hepatitis
5 American Foulbrood
6. Bovine anaplasmosis
7. Arthritis-encephalitis of goats
8. Equine arteritis
9 African horse sickness
10 African swine fever
11. Aeromonoses of salmon and cyprinids
12. Bovine babesiosis
13. Rabies
14. Bluetongue (bluetongue)
15 Akabane Disease
16. Aujeszky's disease
17. White spot disease
18. White tail disease
19. Marek's disease
20. Newcastle disease
21. Botriocephalosis of cyprinids
22. Branchiomycosis of carp salmon, whitefish
23. Bradzot
24. Brucellosis in cattle
25. Brucellosis of sheep and goats (including ram epididymitis)
26. Deer brucellosis
27. Brucellosis of pigs
28. Varroatosis
29. Vesicular disease of pigs
30. Vesicular stomatitis
31. Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
32. Spring viremia of carp
33. Viral hepatitis of ducks
34. Viral hemorrhagic septicemia
35. Viral paralysis of bees
36. Feline viral peritonitis
37. Inflammation of the swim bladder of carp fish
38. Viral enteritis of geese
39. Viral enteritis of minks
40. Highly pathogenic avian influenza
41. Hemorrhagic disease of rabbits
42. Ebola hemorrhagic fever
43. Hemorrhagic disease of deer
44. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
45. Hemorrhagic septicemia (Pasteurella multocida serotypes 6:B and 6:E)
46. Genital campylobacteriosis of cattle
47. Koi herpesvirosis
48. Hydropericarditis
49. Gyrodactylosis (Gyrodactylus salaries)
50. Hypodermatosis of cattle
51. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
52. Horse flu
53. European foulbrood of bees
54. Infectious nodular dermatitis of cattle
55. Malignant catarrh of cattle
56. Infectious agalactia of sheep and goats
57. Equine Infectious Anemia (EIAN)
58. Infectious salmon anemia
59. Infectious goat pleuropneumonia
60. Infectious bronchitis of birds
61. Infectious bursitis (Gumboro disease)
62. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis
63. Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis
64. Infectious laryngotracheitis of birds
65. Equine infectious metritis
66. Infectious myonecrosis
67. Infectious necrosis of the pancreas of salmon fish
68. Equine Infectious Encephalomyelitis (Western and Eastern)
69. Infectious rhinotracheitis/infectious bovine vulvovaginitis
70. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection
71. Bonamia exitiosa infection
72. Bonamia ostreae infection
73. Marteilia refringens infection
74. Perkinsus marinus infection
75. Perkinsus olseni infection
76. Xenohaliotis californiensis infection
77. Ranavirus infection
78. Infestation of honey bees Acarapis woodi
79. Infestation of bees by Aethina tumida (small hive beetle)
80. Tropilaelaps honey bee infestation
81. Iridoviral disease of red sea crucian carp
82. Campylobacteriosis
83. Contagious pleuropneumonia of cattle and small cattle
84. Classic swine fever
85. Bovine leukemia
86. Leptospirosis
87. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
88. Listeriosis
89. Rift Valley Fever
90. West Nile fever
91. Q fever
92. Medi visna
93. Saccular brood
94. Mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum)
95. Myxobacteriosis of salmon and sturgeon
96. Rabbit myxomatosis
97. Necrobacteriosis
98. Low pathogenic avian influenza
99. Nosema
100. Nuttaliosis
101. Sheep and goat pox
102. Paratuberculosis
103. Parainfluenza-3
104. Feline panleukopenia
105. Canine parvovirus enteritis
106. Pasteurellosis
107. Avian pullorosis/typhosis
108. Horse piroplasmosis
109. Border sickness
110. Pseudomonosis
111. Equine rhinopneumonia
112. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)
113. Pig erysipelas
115. Anthrax
116. Taur's syndrome
117. Yellow head syndrome Egg drop syndrome
118. Scrape sheep and goats
119. Casual disease of horses (trypanosomiasis)
120. Surra
121. Theileriosis
122. Transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs
123. Trichinosis
124. Trichomoniasis
125. Bovine tuberculosis
126. Deer tuberculosis
127. Tularemia
128. Avian chlamydia
129. Rinderpest
130. Plague of small cattle
131. Plague of carnivores
132. Crustacean plague (Aphanomyces astaci)
133. Emphysematous carbuncle (emkar)
134. Enzootic abortion of sheep (sheep chlamydia)
135. Enteroviral encephalomyelitis of pigs (Teschen's disease)
136. Enterotoxemia
137. Epizootic hematopoietic necrosis
138. Epizootic ulcerative syndrome
139. Echinococcosis (Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis)
140. Japanese encephalitis
141. Foot and mouth disease
Electronic text of the document
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
Official Internet portal
legal information
www.pravo.gov.ru, 03/25/2016,
N 0001201603250043
Regionalization is the status of a region in terms of dangerous animal diseases. The status can be prosperous, dysfunctional and uncertain. Not only the presence or absence of diseases is taken into account, but also social barriers to their penetration, as well as vaccination.
The order contains a list of contagious diseases for which regionalization is carried out. In total, 141 types of diseases are listed in the annex to the order, including foot and mouth disease, ASF and bovine leukemia.
The boundaries of regions and zones with different statuses are determined by veterinary supervision services. The boundaries of the zones can be rivers and forests - everything that prevents the spread of diseases. At the same time, in regionalization, "region" does not necessarily mean "subject of the federation". Boundaries may vary if so decided by Veterinary Services.
Why is she needed
Regionalization was introduced to prevent the spread of animal diseases. This is not a Russian invention - regionalization is used in many countries of the world.
Diseases and waiting periods for them are also not invented in Russia. They are taken from the documents of the World Organization for Animal Health. It is repeatedly referred to in the order on regionalization.
Before the advent of regionalization in Russia, its principles were also used, but only for certain diseases, such as foot and mouth disease. The full application of regionalization is closely related to the attempt to introduce electronic veterinary certification.
What are the regions
The status of a region can be determined by the presence of the pathogen and by the use of vaccination.
According to the presence of the pathogen:
I. Prosperous region,
II. An unfavorable region is one where cases of any disease from the list are detected. Even if no new cases of the disease are detected, this does not mean that the status will be removed. A certain amount of time must have elapsed since the last case was discovered. For each disease there is a time limit. For example, for leukemia, the waiting period is 12 months for prosperous regions.
III. A region with an undetermined status is when no cases of diseases from the list have been detected, but there is a possibility of their spread. This may be due to both natural conditions and the lack of monitoring.
According to the use of vaccination, there are four types of regions:
I. The region is prosperous without vaccination,
II. Region disadvantaged without vaccination
III. Region with undetermined status without vaccination
IV. Region prosperous with vaccination
The prosperous and regions of uncertain status can have three different subtypes - regions of high, medium and low risk. There is a high risk in regions whose neighbors have an unfavorable status for at least one of their diseases from the list, while products from animals susceptible to this disease are imported into the region. The average risk also assumes proximity to a disadvantaged region, but products from there are not imported into it. A low risk is when the region not only does not border on disadvantaged countries, but also does not receive products from them.
Where to find the status of the region
The statuses of the regions can be found online in the Cereber system
The status changes automatically when diseases appear and is replaced after a certain time after the absence of new cases of diseases.
Compartmentalization and regionalization
Compartmentalization is the zoostatus of an enterprise where cattle is kept, and milk or meat is processed or stored. For milk, there are four types of compartments, depending on the risk of introducing diseases into the farms.
In fact, there may not be any connection with regionalization. The Rules of Regionalization of the Russian Federation say that regionalization can be applied in conjunction with compartmentalization or out of touch with it.
For example, a free region may include an infected household. If anti-epizootic measures are taken there to prevent the spread of the disease (its pathogen) outside, and at the borders the movement of all goods and vehicles that can mediate the removal of the pathogen outside the zone is controlled, then the region is still considered safe.
The same rule applies even for an entire zone within a region with several infected enterprises. In this case, this would be referred to as an exclusion zone.
How to transport dairy products and raw
Contrary to popular belief, it is possible to transport dairy products and raw milk between regions with different statuses. On this occasion, there is even a special explanation of the Rosselkhoznadzor on leukemia.
Rules for the transportation of raw milk for the regions depend on the situation with infectious animal diseases. They apply to 31 diseases, but 27 of them are exotic for Russia. Therefore, in practice, there are restrictions only on African swine fever, infectious nodular dermatitis, anthrax and foot and mouth disease. Only in these cases will there be a ban on transportation.
For leukemia, there is only a ban on the supply of raw milk to neighboring regions, but such raw materials can be supplied directly to processing enterprises.
Of course, the export of raw milk and cream from a safe (with or without vaccination) region to a region with any other status is allowed. If the status of the region is uncertain, then it can be imported without restrictions to disadvantaged regions without restrictions, and to others - with certain conditions. There are only three of them:
Animals must be clinically examined and show no clinical signs of dangerous diseases on the day of milking.
The farm was not supposed to have cases of dangerous diseases for a certain period of time. For example, for anthrax - 20 days.
Milk after milking must be cooled for 3 hours and must be decontaminated (i.e. pasteurized or sterilized).
These three requirements are not met together, but depending on whether there is a disease on the farm.
The export of pasteurized, sterilized milk and all dairy products from it from regions with any status is allowed without any restrictions.
Problems of regionalization
For milk producers, the problem is that they are required to have equipment for the disinfection of raw materials. Most farms, especially small ones, do not have such equipment.
Regionalization creates additional documents and rules. At the same time, raw milk is already accompanied by documents on its safety, so we can assume that regionalization often introduces duplicate documents.
In addition, the rules for transporting products by regionalization often change, which leads to confusion.
