Fedor Petrovich Uvarov
Cavalry General, Fedor Petrovich Uvarov.
Engraving by F. Vendramini. 1816
Uvarov Fedor Petrovich (April 16, 1773, the village of Khruslavka, Venevsky district, Tula province - November 20, 1824, St. Petersburg), cavalry general (October 1813), adjutant general (10/19/1798). From a noble family, known since the 15th century; the brigadier's son He was married to Princess Maria Fedorovna Lubomirskaya (in the first marriage to Count I. Pototsky, in the 2nd to Count V.A. Zubov). In 1776 he was enrolled as a sergeant in the artillery, in November 1780 he was transferred as a captain in the Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment, and in December. 1786 sergeant major in the Life Guards Horse Regiment. He began his service on January 1, 1788 as the captain of the Sofia Infantry Regiment. From sept. 1790 seconds Major of the Smolensk Dragoon Regiment Participated in hostilities in Poland in 1792 and 1794. In March 1797 he was transferred to the Yekaterinoslav Cuirassier Regiment and in April. 1798 promoted to colonel. He made a rapid career under Paul I (according to a number of sources, this was facilitated by the fact that he became a close friend of Ekaterina Nikolaevna Lopukhina, the mother of the emperor's favorite). In March 1798 he was transferred to St. Petersburg to the Cuirassier Regiment, in Sept. - in the Life Guards Horse Regiment, 10/19/1798 promoted to major general, in January. In 1800 he was appointed chief of the Cavalier Guard Regiment, and in November 1800 he was promoted to lieutenant general. He took part in a conspiracy against Paul I, but did not play an active role in it. On the night of the murder - March 11, 1801 - he was the adjutant general on duty. He became one of the persons closest to Alexander I, constantly accompanied him on walks and trips. He distinguished himself at the head of the cavalry guards in the campaign of 1805. At Austerlitz, he led cavalry guards several times to attack the enemy, for which he was awarded the Order of St. George, 3rd degree. He became famous for cavalry attacks at Guttstadt, Heilsberg, Friedland. Accompanied Alexander I to Tilsit. From Nov. 1807 cavalry commander of the 1st division (corps), commanded by Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich. Since May 1808, infantry commander of the 1st division. In July 1808 he was named "Senior Adjutant General". In Apr. 1810 commanded the vanguard of the Moldavian army, participated in the battles at Silistria, Shhumla, Ruschuk. For distinction under Batin, he was awarded the Order of St. George 2nd degree on 11/21/1810. In 1812 he was appointed commander of the 1st Cavalry Corps, with which he entered the Patriotic War of 1812. At the Kolotsk Monastery, he supported the vanguard of the gene. P.P. Konovnitsyn. At the critical moment of the Battle of Borodino, together with M.I. Platov sent to bypass the left flank of Napoleon. Near the village of Bezzubovo, the cavalry was stopped by the troops of Gen. F. Ornano and returned back. Although these actions briefly diverted the attention of the enemy, according to M.I. Kutuzov, the task was not fully completed. Only U. and Platov turned out to be generals who were not presented by Kutuzov for Borodino for awards. At the council in Fili 1 (13) Sept. spoke out against the abandonment of Moscow and for a new battle. Participated in battles near Vyazma and Krasnoe. In the campaign of 1813-14 he was under Emperor Alexander I, carrying out his responsible assignments. He distinguished himself in the "Battle of the Nations" at Leipzig. After the end of hostilities, for a long time he performed only the duties of an adjutant general, enjoyed the special disposition and trust of the emperor. From Nov. 1821 commander of the guards corps, since 1823 member of the State Council. After his death, he bequeathed 400 thousand rubles for the creation of a monument to the Russian guards (the Narva triumphal gates, opened in 1834, were built with this money).
Materials of the book were used: Zalessky K.A. Napoleonic Wars 1799-1815. Biographical Encyclopedic Dictionary, Moscow, 2003
Arakcheev about Uvarov
Uvarov Fedor Petrovich (1769-1824), adjutant general and major general (1799), cavalry general (1814), since 1821 commander of the guards corps; throughout the reign of Alexander I was a member of the immediate circle of the emperor. Arakcheev means the book: Bekhteev A.A. Obituary F.P. Uvarov. SPb., 1825. On the attitude of Arakcheev to F.P. The following anecdote also testifies to Uvarov: “At Uvarov’s funeral, the late sovereign followed the coffin. Arakcheev said loudly (it seems to A. Orlov): “One tsar is seeing him off here, what else will meet him there?” (Uvarov is one of the regicides on March 11, 1801) "(Pushkin. T. 8. P. 30-31; diary entry dated March 8, 1834)
Uvarov Fedor Petrovich (April 16, 1769, the village of Khruslavka of Venevsky near the Tula province - November 20, 1824, St. Petersburg), cavalry general (1813), adjutant general (1798). From nobles; brigadier's son. On 12/17/1775 he was enrolled as a sergeant in the artillery, on 11/3/1780 he was transferred as a captain in the life guards. Preobrazhensky Regiment, 12/1/1787 rewritten in the Life Guards. The cavalry regiment was a sergeant-major (he was on leave for education). Due to lack of funds, he was transferred to the Sofia infantry. regiment with the assignment of 1/1/1788 the rank of captain. 8/9/1790 promoted to second major with transfer to the Smolensk Dragoon Regiment, 10/6/1794 promoted to prime major for distinction, 14/5/1795 to lieutenant colonel.
During the reign of the imp. Paul I made a dizzying career: on March 19, 1797 he was transferred to the Yekaterinoslav Cuirassier Regiment, on April 12, 1798 he was promoted to colonel, on September 3, 1798 he was transferred to the Life Guards. Horse regiment, 10/19/1798 promoted to major general and granted to adjutant general, 08/09/1799 appointed chief of the Cavalier Guard regiment and 11/5/1800 granted to lieutenant general.
With the accession of the imp. Alexander I was again appointed adjutant general on March 19, 1801. With his regiment he distinguished himself in the campaign of 1805: near Austerlitz, several. once successfully attacked the French, captured the height, installed a battery on it, ensuring the retreat grew. troops (awarded with the orders of St. Alexander Nevsky and St. George 3rd class). In the campaigns of 1806 and 1807, he repeatedly led cavalry in attacks near Gutstadt (order of St. Vladimir 2nd class), Heilsberg, Friedland (golden saber "For Courage" with diamonds).
11/5/1807 appointed com. the entire cavalry of the 1st division, located in St. Petersburg. In 1810, he took part in the fighting on the Danube, commanding the vanguard of the Moldavian army (Order of St. George, 2nd class).
In 1812 he commanded the 1st reserve cavalry. body. In the case near the Kolotsky Monastery, Gen. P. P. Konovnitsyna. In the battle of Borodino, together with the Cossack corps, M. I. Platova tried to make a raid around the left flank of the enemy, but did not complete the task set by M. I. Kutuzov, got involved in skirmishes on the flank and was soon repulsed (was not presented for a reward for Borodino) . During the pursuit of the enemy, he fought near Vyazma and Krasny. In the campaigns of 1813-14 he was with the imp. Alexander I, sometimes carrying out his orders in the most dangerous places. For distinction in the Battle of Leipzig on 10/8/1813, he was promoted to the gene. from the cavalry, for the campaign of 1814 he received a horde. St. Vladimir 1st Art.
From 11/1/1821 he commanded the Guards. body. From 30.8.1823 member of the State. advice. He was buried in the Church of the Descent of the Holy Spirit of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in St. Petersburg; in 1937 the remains were transferred to the Lazarevskaya tomb in the same place.
The award also grew. orders of St. Andrew the First-Called, St. Anna of the 1st class, St. John of Jerusalem; prus. orders of the Black Eagle and the Red Eagle of the 1st class; Austrian Military ord. Maria Theresa 3rd class; French ord. St. Louis.
Significantly changed the principles of the use of cavalry in battle. Armored horsemen ceased to be an unconditional force, while the infantry acquired an effective weapon to fight the once invulnerable enemy. The best defense of the cavalry was speed, it was also the main tactical advantage. If the cavalry had time to get to the unprepared infantry, then the defeat of the latter was deafening, if it did not have time, everything happened exactly the opposite. At the same time, the personal role of cavalry commanders increased immeasurably. They had to have an excellent eye, an understanding of the logic of battle and incredible, sometimes desperate courage. All these qualities in battle, undoubtedly, Fedor Uvarov shone.
Fedor Petrovich was born in 1769 in a noble, but not rich, noble family. From childhood, he was enrolled in the service, but he began active service three years later than was customary - at the age of 18. His father, Pyotr Uvarov, was under investigation in the capital, and the family was ordered to stay on the estate. Only in 1788, having escaped to his father in St. Petersburg and taking advantage of the patronage of General Tutolmin, Fedor Uvarov was assigned to serve as the captain of the Sofia Infantry Regiment. A little later, he was sent to the Oryol province, where troops were gathered to be sent to the war with Sweden. However, Uvarov did not go to fight with the Swedes, having received a transfer to the Smolensk Dragoon Regiment in 1790. All further service of Fedor Petrovich took place in cavalry units.
In 1792-1794, Uvarov served under the command of Alexander Suvorov in Poland and proved to be excellent in battles with the rebels at Stolbtsy and under Mir. An exceptional test of courage and morale was the uprising in Warsaw, when on Easter night the rebels treacherously attacked the Russian garrison. Few then managed to leave the city. Uvarov with his squadron was among them. Within 36 hours, fighting off the rebels, he managed to withdraw a squadron from the city and join the corps of Baron Igelstrom. For his courage and self-control, Uvarov was promoted to prime minister, and in the spring of the following year he was promoted to lieutenant colonel personally by Suvorov.
After the suppression of the Polish uprising, the service of Fyodor Petrovich was not marked by any informative official documents, but the surviving testimonies of contemporaries tell something about Uvarov's military activities. At the beginning of 1797, Fedor Petrovich found himself in the village of Radoshhog, Oryol province, on his way. It so happened that Uvarov was there during the peasant uprising and took command of the squadron of the Akhtyrsky Hussars. The speech was successfully suppressed, and the regiment chief, Major General F.I. Lindener, in a report to the sovereign, spoke highly of Uvarov's actions. In the same year, Fedor Petrovich was transferred to the Catherine's cuirassier regiment, and the following year he received the rank of colonel.
In 1798, Fedor Petrovich moved to Moscow, where his rapid career rise began. In the capital, a prominent cavalry officer liked the wife of Senator P.V. Lopukhin, the Most Serene Princess Ekaterina Nikolaevna. She, according to the characteristics of her contemporaries, was distinguished by an extremely windy character and sometimes spent fabulous sums on her lovers. Taking advantage of her husband's position, Lopukhina patronized Uvarov in every possible way, and once it almost ended in tragedy. Ekaterina Nikolaevna tried to secure the Order of St. Anna of the 1st degree through her stepdaughter, who at that moment was the favorite of Emperor Paul I. However, the monarch treated this award with particular scrupulousness and selected candidates extremely meticulously.
Uvarov, according to Pavel, did not deserve the award. Not getting what she wanted, Lopukhina quarreled with her stepdaughter and tried to quarrel her with the emperor. And then she defiantly poisoned herself - she took arsenic and loudly began to call for help ... As a result, the Order of St. Anna Uvarov still got it.
In 1798, following the move of the Lopukhins, his transfer to St. Petersburg, first to the Cuirassier Regiment, and then to the Horse Guards, followed. In the autumn of 1799, Uvarov was promoted to major general and became adjutant general. By the end of the summer of 1799, Fedor Petrovich was already in command of the Cavalier Guard Corps, which was later transformed into a combat three-squadron regiment, Uvarov remained in the position of regiment chief. The emperor at reviews more than once expressed his favor to the regiment, and only once displeasure about his training. Uvarov throughout his reign was a confidant of the emperor.
And although he was in a conspiracy against Paul, he did not take an active part in the murder, which, by the way, was not planned. On that fateful evening, Uvarov personally guarded the heir with other officers and, unlike many other conspirators, remained under Emperor Alexander I.
Soon Uvarov justified the confidence of the young emperor, court intrigues and love affairs did not dull the officer's fighting qualities. In 1805, near Austerlitz, Fedor Petrovich commanded the cavalry of the right wing, which was led by Bagration. When things took a bad turn, Marshal Joachim Murat struck with the forces of an entire cavalry division, and these are 8 regiments of selected horsemen, in the cut of the right flank and center of the Russian troops. Uvarov managed to prevent the catastrophe that threatened Bagration's columns with three regiments. Having lost all the cavalry, Fedor Petrovich saved many hundreds of Russian soldiers. The Russian monarch praised Uvarov's actions, awarding him the Order of St. George 3rd degree and the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky.
In the campaign of 1807, Fedor Petrovich entered into submission to Bennigsen and distinguished himself in several battles. On May 26, at the village of Wolfsdorf, he successfully attacked the enemy, preventing the French from gaining a foothold, then at Heilsberg, Uvarov did not allow the Russian troops to bypass, and at Friedland, Fyodor Petrovich's cavalry covered the right flank, and then fought in the rearguard, covering the retreat of the detachments of Eugene of Württemberg.
Later, Fyodor Uvarov was inseparably a member of the emperor's retinue, being present at the signing of peace in Tilsit and at Alexander's meeting with Napoleon in Erfurt. And in 1809 he accompanied the monarch on his travels.
But Uvarov did not stay long at court. Already in 1810 he went to the southern theater of operations, where he fought against the Turks. Here he participated in the battles for Silistria, in the unsuccessful siege of Shumla and the unsuccessful assault on Ruschuk, where he received a concussion in the shoulder, commanding one of the columns. Later, Fedor Petrovich proved himself during the capture of Nikopol and in the battle of Vatin, for which he was awarded the Order of St. George 2nd degree.
Fedor Petrovich met the year 1812 as the commander of the 1st Cavalry Corps. During the retreat of the Russian army, the corps distinguished itself in the battles of Vilkomir, Ostrovno and Smolensk, as well as in numerous rearguard battles.
In the battle of Borodino, Uvarov's corps (6 regiments and a horse artillery company), together with the Cossacks under the command of Platov, made a raid through the right flank to the rear of the French. By the time Kutuzov ordered the raid, a difficult situation had developed on the left flank: the Russian troops were exhausted by the endless attacks of the French infantry and cavalry, and Bonaparte was already preparing the final oblique blow, which was supposed to roll up the defense of the Russian army like a carpet. The young guards were preparing to move, but Napoleon was stopped by the confusion on his right flank caused by the appearance of Platov's Cossacks and Uvarov's regular cavalry. This attack is credited with saving the Russian army a two-hour delay in the actions of the French, which made it possible to reorganize the disordered regiments and strengthen the exhausted left flank.
Attack of the 1st reserve cavalry corps of General F. P. Uvarov at Borodino
Despite this, Kutuzov was dissatisfied with the actions of the cavalrymen, and they were almost the only generals of Borodino left without awards. Later, Fedor Petrovich took an active part in the battles during the retreat to Moscow. So, in the village of Krymskoye, his detachments defeated and forced the French cavalry to retreat. Later, he participated in the battle near Tarutino, when the vanguard of Murat was defeated, then in the battle near Vyazma and in the pursuit of the enemy near the village of Krasnoye.
The foreign campaign of the Russian army for Uvarov was marked by many battles: near Bautzen, the already familiar rearguard battles, then fierce battles at Dresdne and Kulm. Fedor Petrovich distinguished himself in the Battle of Leipzig, for which he was promoted to the rank of general of the cavalry.
With the completion of the Napoleonic Wars, Uvarov became one of the most trusted persons of the sovereign and was inseparably with him, performing the duties of an adjutant general. In 1821, Uvarov was appointed commander of the Guards Corps, and a year later became a member of the State Council.
In 1824, Fedor Petrovich fell ill, but continued to do business. On November 20, he died in the presence of the emperor and the grand dukes. Uvarov will forever remain an excellent cavalry commander.
Uvarov Fedor Petrovich
Adjutant General, Cavalry General
From the nobles
He has orders: Russian - St. Andrew the First-Called, St. Alexander Nevsky, St. George 2nd class, St. Vladimir 2nd class, Grand Cross, St. Anna 1st class, St. John of Jerusalem Commander; foreign - the Austrian military order of Maria Theresa, the Prussian Black and Red Eagle; a gold sword, decorated with diamonds, with the inscription "for bravery", and a silver medal for 1812.
He entered the service as a sergeant on December 17, 1775, in the artillery; promoted: to captainarmus in 1780, on November 3, to sergeant in 1781, on April 1, in the Leningrad Guards. Preobrazhensky Regiment, in sergeant major 1787, December 1, in the L.-Guards. cavalry regiment; released into the army as a captain on January 1, 1788, in a corps sent to the Mediterranean, then was during the formation of troops in the Olonets province; promoted: second major 1790, September 8, prime major 1794, June 10, lieutenant colonel 1795, May 14; transferred to the Cuirassier Count Saltykov 2 Regiment 1797, March 19; promoted to colonel 1798, April 12; transferred to the Cuirassier Regiment of Major General Zorn on August 21, 1798, and then to the L.-Guards. Equestrian 1798, September 3; granted adjutant general, with promotion to major general, 1798, October 19; chief of the Cavalier Guard Corps (from 1800 regiment) 1799, August 9; promoted to lieutenant general 1800, November 5; for distinction against the enemy promoted to general of the cavalry 1813, October 4.
In the campaigns was: in the Swedish war; 1792, in Poland, in battles: May 30, near Stolbtsy; 31 - under the World; June 29, near Natsybov; 1794, in Poland: April 6 and 7, in Warsaw, during the uprising; June 14, near metro Sali; July 8, during the capture of fortifications near the city of Vilna; 9 - under the walls of Vilna; 31 - with the defeat of the enemy main body near Vilna; 1805, in Austria, against the French troops, in the general battle of Austerlitz, November 20, where he repeatedly attacked the enemy with great success, and then occupied the height lying in front of Austerlitz, and fortified on it with batteries, which stopped the enemy’s attack and ensured retreat ¬plenie army; 1807, in the Prussian possessions, against the French troops, in battles: at Gutstadt, p. Wolfsdorf, Ankendorf, where, having repeatedly attacked the enemy, he forced him to leave an advantageous position and pursued him to the very river. Passargi, and near Friedland, where, having passed with the cavalry of the river. Alle, attacked the enemy cavalry and defeated it, and in the evening, during the retreat of the army, when the bridges had already been demolished by the cavalry, he covered the army and crossed the river in sight of the enemy without the slightest loss of infantry and artillery, remaining on the enemy side; 1810, in Turkey: from May 23 to 30, during the siege of kr. Silistria; June 11 and 12, when occupying the heights and the valley under the retrenchments of the kr. Noise; 25 - under a strong enemy cannonade from the retrenchments of this fortress; 26 - when reflecting a Turkish sortie from Shumla; from July 9 to August 6, during the siege of kr. Ruschuk; July 22, in the assault on Ruschuk, where he was wounded in the right shoulder; August 26, in the battle of Batin; October 26, during the occupation of kr. Nikopol; in the campaign of 1812, initially commanding the 1st cavalry corps, and then the entire cavalry that was part of the army, was in the following battles: June 17, near Vilkomir; July 13, near Ostrovnaya; August 5, at Smolensk; 6 - when retreating from Smolensk; 26 - in the battle at p. Borodino, where the cavalry attack of the corps entrusted to him hit the enemy's left wing; 28 - during the movement of troops to Moscow; October 6, at p. Tarutina; 12 - at Maloyaroslavets; 22 - near Vyazma; November 4, 5 and 6, under Red; in 1813, participated in the cases: May 8 and 9, in the battle of Bautzen; 14 and 15 August, under the walls of Dresden; August 18, near Kulm; 4, 5, 6 and 7 October, near Leipzig; 1814, January 17, near Brienne; March 9, near Arsis-sur-Aube; March 13, near Ferchampenoise; 18 - under the walls of Paris. He commanded the Guards Corps from November 1, 1821.
Formulary list for 1823. (Book of formulary lists No. 5346.)
Uvarov Fedor Petrovich, hero Patriotic War of 1812, a cavalry general was born on April 16 (28), 1773, from an ancient, poor noble family. His father, Uvarov Petr Ilyich, rose to the rank of brigadier. Fedor Uvarov as a child was recorded as a sergeant in the artillery. As it was accepted: the child grew up - the rank also changed.
Fedor began military service at the age of 15 already captain in the Sofia Infantry Regiment. Two and a half years later, he was produced in second-majors, continued to serve in the Smolensk Dragoon Regiment. Participated in hostilities in Polish campaign in 1792-1794, he commanded a squadron. Participated in clashes with the rebels during Columns and World.
In Warsaw, on the night of April 6, when the Poles attacked Russian troops, resisting the Confederates, he managed to break out of the city with a squadron, and was promoted to prime minister for his bravery. Then he participated in hostilities against the Poles in Lithuania, distinguished himself in the capture of Vilna, and personally Suvorov A.V. was produced in lieutenant colonels.
In 1787, Uvarov was transferred to the Yekaterinoslav cuirassier regiment in St. Petersburg, and received the rank of colonel. Then he served in the Life Guards Cavalry Regiment. At the age of 25, Uvarov was granted adjutant general with production in major generals, was awarded the Order of St. Anna 1st class. Since 1800, Fedor Uvarov commanded the Cavalier Guard Regiment. November 17 of the same year was produced in lieutenant generals. There was a rapid career growth!
Napoleon attacked the center of the Russian position and the left flank. The attack of Uvarov and Platov caused confusion in parts of the left French flank, the enemy was forced retreat. But Uvarov received an order from Barclay de Tolly to return, so he did not continue the pursuit of the enemy.
Perhaps the inconsistency of the actions of the command had an effect, but, nevertheless, the attack of Uvarov and Platov made Napoleon lose two hours in inactivity, and during this time our left flank was strengthened. Kutuzov was not satisfied with the results of the attack, and Uvarov and Platov were not presented for awards for the Borodino battle.
During the retreat of the Russian army to Moscow, the corps of Uvarov F.P. was in the rear guard and on August 29 at the village Crimean decisively attacked the French cavalry, after which the French retreated. At the council in Fili spoke out against abandonment of Moscow by the Russian army and for holding a new decisive battle. He participated in the battles near Vyazma and Krasny, thanks to the brilliant attacks of his cavalry, the French were forced to retreat.
In the foreign campaign of the Russian army in 1813-1814. was with the emperor, carried out his responsible assignments. Distinguished himself in the "Battle of the Nations" at. Was presented to the rank general of the cavalry. After the end of hostilities, for a long time he only performed the duties of an adjutant general to the sovereign, enjoyed his special disposition and trust, became one of the most persons close to the emperor.
Uvarov accompanied Alexander I during his travels to England and Hungary, as well as on a number of trips around Russia. At the end of 1821 he was appointed commander of the guards corps, in 1823 he was appointed a member of the State Council. Fyodor Petrovich died on November 20 (December 2), 1824, was buried in the Spiritual Church of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in the presence of Alexander I and great princes.
Contemporaries noted that the general Uvarov F.P. did not have the special talents of a commander, but at the same time he was an honest, kind man, who tried not to harm anyone, he was also a good boss, an excellent cavalry officer. He treated his subordinates humanely, took care of the health of the soldiers, and the soldiers were devoted to him, treated with confidence.
