Before-Reading
MANUFACTURED BUILDING MATERIALS
We expected the Harrisons (arrive) later than usual.
I have never heard Helen (sing).
I have to get my photograph (take) for a new passport.
Mrs. Pottson allowed her guests (smoke) in the living-room.
1. Teddy’s words made me (feel) uncomfortable.
3. Has the secretary come yet? I want to have my papers (type).
4. I watched my cat (play) with her kittens. I couldn’t tear myself away from that funny sight.
5. Granny didn’t want my Mom (marry) my Dad.
6. Our English teacher told us (not/feel) shy and speak English as much as possible.
8. There wasn’t much traffic in the street. I saw a little girl (cross) the road.
12. What makes you (do) such rash actions?
Unit15
1. Discuss the following:
* What a modern industrial technology do you know?
* Have you been at any industrial plant?
* Have you seen any process of industrial technology?
2. Try to guess the meaning of the following words. Use the dictionary if you need:
*mechanical extrusion process
*diagonal boards
*balloon frame system
3. Make up your own sentences with the following words:
a production of brick (производство кирпича), a timber technology (технология обработки лесоматериала), an industrial method (промышленный метод), a small building (небольшое строение), an innovation in building construction (инновационный метод в строительстве), a production development (развитие производства), a mechanical process (механический процесс).
While-Reading
2. Find and translate all the sentences containing the following words:
*timber technology
*laborious process of hand-molding
*building construction
*constituent building materials
One of the building materials used in a construction is a brick. The production of a brick was industrialized in the 19th century. Earlier it was a process of hand-molding. Later it was superseded by «pressed» bricks. It was a mass production by a mechanical extrusion process. In this way clay was squeezed by "pressed" through a rectangular die as a continuous column and sliced to size by a wire cutter. Periodically fired kilns were used. Bricks were moved slowly on a conveyor belt. New methods considerably reduced the cost of a brick. That"s why it became one of the constituent building materials of the age.
Rapid development of timber technology was in the 19th century in North America. It was explained large softwood fir"s forests and pine trees. There they were used as industrial methods. Steam- and water-powered sawmills began producing standard-dimension timbers in the 1820s. The production of cheap machine made nails in the 1830s. It provided other necessary ingredient - a balloon frame. That made possible a major innovation in building construction. The first example was a warehouse erected in Chicago in 1832 by George W. Snow. There was a great demand for small buildings of all types settled on North American continent. Light timber frame provided a quick, flexible, inexpensive solution to this problem. Heavy timbers and complex joinery were abandoned in the balloon frame system. The building walls were framed with 5 x 10-centimetre (2 x 4-inch) vertical members. They were placed at 40 centimeters (16 inches) from the centre. This supplied a roof and floor joists, usually 5x25 centimeters (2x10 inches) and placed 40 centimeters (16 inches) apart and were capable of spanning up to six meters (20 feet).
Упражнение 1. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. The people are said … a new president (to have taken, to have chosen, to have given, to have found).
2. You might … me your hand when I was getting out of the car (have taken, have chosen, have given, have found).
3. I can"t find the car keys anywhere. I … have dropped them on the road (must, can, should, ought to).
4. The important data have disappeared. It must … by enemies (have destroyed, have found, have been destroyed, have been found).
5. I was very lucky … this job (to have been given, to have been taken, to have given, have taken).
6. He has not arrived yet. He is … to have caught that train (likely, unlikely).
7. I still haven’t got a letter from her. She must … my email (have left, have brought, have taken, have lost).
8. Our car has stopped. We seemed to have … out of gas (walk, go, run).
9. Jack looks very unhappy. He is sure to … the exam (have dropped, have lost, have failed, have passed).
10. The crew was reported to … from the sinking ship (have been rescued, have been brought, have run, have gone).
Упражнение 2. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. It must … since morning. The grass is very wet (have rained, have been raining).
2. The fire is reported to … to the south of the city (have spread, have been spreading).
3. All my problems seem to … in the past (have been left, have been being left).
4. My son is said to … very hard during the year. I think he will pass all the exams (have studied, have been studying).
5. Our team is reported to … the football championship. Hooray!!! (have won, have been winning).
6. Your eyes look red. You must … all night long (have read, have been reading.
7. The two lovers seem to … for several hours already (have talked, have been talking.
8. The expedition seemed to … in the jungle (have disappeared, have been disappearing).
9. He turned out to … all the important documents. Now he is a rich man (have copied, have been copying).
10. Fedor Konuhov is reported to … around the world since the last year (have travelled, have been travelling).
Упражнение 3. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. I … you to smoke in my room. I find it very unpleasant (want, hate, would like.
2. She … us to accept her offer, but we couldn’t (expected, saw, found).
3. The criminal … himself to be very kind (ordered, noticed, considered).
4. Our instructor … the tents to be put up as soon as possible (ordered, noticed, considered).
5. I … him to be the cleverest pupil of our school (expect, find, declare).
6. I saw them ... outside (fight, to fight).
7. We noticed … open (the door be, the door was).
8. I felt somebody"s warm hand … my shoulder (touch, touched).
9. She … us to be her friends (supposes, sees, notices).
10. The tourists thought the statue … of gold (make, makes, made).
Упражнение 4. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. This decision is not easy for me to … (do, make).
2. We asked the manager for the tickets to … in time (book, be booked).
3. We cannot rely … him to finish this project (for, on).
4. I am counting … you to help me (for, on).
5. The sailors had to wait for the sky to … (clear, be cleared, clean).
6. It is necessary for us to … the others (warn, be warned).
7. The milk is too cold for the children to … (drink, be drunk).
8. It is a bit difficult for this promise to … (keep, be kept).
9. This meal is very easy to … (cook, be cooked)
10. It is important for these boxes to … today (ship, be shipped).
Упражнение 5. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. I want ____ the house where Pushkin was born.
see
to see
2. I would like you ____ his invitation.
accept
to accept
3. Teachers make me ____ homework well.
do
to do
4. The child was made ____ to bed at 9 p.m.
go
to go
5. Please, let me ____ the news and then we’ll go out.
watch
to watch
6. I used ____ a lot when I was younger.
smoke
to smoke
7. You mustn’t ____ to me like that.
talk
to talk
8. I think, we’d better ____ of here.
get
to get
9. So, why not ____ there right away?
go
to go
10. This bag is too heavy for her ____.
carry
to carry
12. Will you help me ____ this box?
move
to move
13. It is better ____ sure than sorry.
be
to be
14. It is up to you ____ all these rules
learn
to learn
16. We got the girls ____ dinner.
make
to make
17. The students ____ this project by the end of May.
to finish
are finish
are to finish
18. I am sorry ____ you, but your marks are not very good.
disappoint
to disappoint
19. We could ____ tomorrow.
go fishing
to go fishing
20. Our class need ____ the test.
rewriting
to rewrite
Упражнение 6. Выберите правильный вариант ответа:
1. Teddy’s words made me ______ uncomfortable.
to feel
feeling
feel
2. Mrs. Pottson allowed her guests ______ in the living room.
to smoke
smoking
smoke
3. Has the secretary come yet? I want to have my papers ______.
to type
type
typed
4. I watched my cat ______ with her kittens. I couldn’t tear myself away from that funny sight.
played
playing
to play
5. Granny didn’t want my Mom ______ my Dad.
marry
to marry
married
6. Our English teacher told us ______ shy and speak English as much as possible.
not to feel
not feel
felt
7. I have to get my photograph ______ for a new passport.
took
take
taken
8. There wasn’t much traffic in the street. I saw a little girl ______ the road.
crossed
cross
to cross
9. I have never heard Helen ______.
sang
sings
sing
11. We expected the Harrisons ______ later than usual.
to arrive
arrive
arrived
12. What makes you ______ such rash actions?
do
to do
doing
13.The rain seems ______. Call the children. I don’t want them ______.
to be, to be got wet through
to be starting, to get wet through
to have started, to have got wet through
to have been started, to be getting wet through
14. The English colony, Plymouth, in Massachusetts, is known ... by the Pilgrims who arrived on the Mayflower in 1620.
to be established
to have established
to have been establishing
to have been established
15. Look, they are likely ______ to the news. They seem ______.
to be listening, to be excited
to listen, to be excited
to have been listening, to have excited
to have listened, to be being excited
16. He is sure ______ a liar. Everybody heard him ______ that in so many words.
to be, to say
be, say
to be, say
be, to say
17. When I came in, the discussion seemed ______ to an end. They appeared ______ patience because they turned out ______ for it.
to have been coming, to have been losing, be ready
to be coming, to be losing, not to be ready
to come, to lose, to be ready
to have come, to have lost, not to be being ready
18. Jack, you seem ______ too fast. The speed is already 100 miles. I am afraid. I want you ______ the speed till 40 miles.
to have driven, slow down
to drive, to slow down
to be driving, to be slowing down
to be driving, to slow down
19. He is likely ______ on Sunday.
came
coming
to come
20. He is thought ______ now.
to study
to be studying
to have been studied
1. We noticed a man. The man was cleaning his shoes. 2. He saw two girls. They were dancing on the stage. 3. She watched the children. They were running and playing in the garden. 4. I saw her. She was arranging her hair. 5. we saw our neighbor . He was listening to the latest news on the radio. 6. The cat was rubbing itself on my leg. I felt it. 7. They were fishing. We saw it. 8. The pupils were writing a paper. The teacher watched them. 9. A caterpillar was crawling on my arm. 10. We heard I. Arkhipova last night. She was singing a Russian folk song .
11. The boy noticed a boy. It flew on to the bush near the window. 12 Jane saw her neighbor. He opened the door of his flat and went in. 13.I saw him. He pointed to a picture on the wall. 14.I heard him. He shut the door of the study.15 we saw that the children climbed to the tops of the trees.16 I noticed that Henry went up and spoke to the stranger. 17. He slipped and fell. I saw it. 18. I heard that she suddenly cried out loudly. 19. She bent and picked up something from the floor. The policeman saw it. 20.I saw that he opened the door and left the room.
Tick off the variant that is impossible in English.
1. A) I saw her entering the room.
B) I saw her enter the room.
C) I saw her to enter the room.
2. A) Many people found him be innocent.
B) Many people found him innocent.
C) Many people found him to be innocent.
3. A) When came nearer I heard somebody playing the piano.
B) When came nearer I heard somebody play the piano.
C) When came nearer I heard somebody to play the piano.
4. A) Do you want to make me some tea?
B) Do you want me make you some tea?
C) Do you want some tea made for you?
D) Do you want me to make you some tea?
5. A) They watched him getting off the bus and crossing the road.
B) They watched him get off the bus and cross the road.
C) They watched him to get off the bus and cross the road.
6. A) I don"t consider him be an honest man.
B) I don"t consider him an honest man.
C) I don"t consider him to be an honest man.
7. A) He expected us to come on Sunday.
B) He expected us come on Sunday.
C) He expected that we would come on Sunday.
8. A) Would you like them change their mind?
B) Would you like them to change their mind?
C) Would you like to change their mind?
9. A) They expect themselves to be invited.
B) They expect to be invited.
C) They expect that they will be invited.
D) They expect they will be invited.
10. A) Do you feel her watching you?
B) Do you feel her watch you?
C) Do you feel her to watch you?
11. A) They considered themselves to be right,
B) They considered to be right.
C) They considered that they were right.
12. A) He ordered that the execution should be postponed.
B) He ordered the execution to be postponed.
C) He ordered the execution be postponed.
Teddy’s words made me (feel) uncomfortable.
Mrs. Pottson allowed her guests (smoke) in the living-room.
Has the secretary come yet? I want to have my papers (type).
I watched my cat (play) with her kittens. I couldn’t tear myself away from that funny sight.
Granny didn’t want my Mom (marry) my Dad.
Our English teacher told us (not/feel) shy and speak English as much as possible.
I have to get my photograph (take) for a new passport.
There wasn’t much traffic in the street. I saw a little girl (cross) the road.
I have never heard Helen (sing).
Mary would like her brother (avoid) Tom’s company.
We expected the Harrisons (arrive) later than usual.
What makes you (do) such rash actions?
MANUFACTURED BUILDING MATERIALS
Before-Reading
1. Discuss the following:
What a modern industrial technology do you know?
Have you been at any industrial plant?
Have you seen any process of industrial technology?
2. Try to guess the meaning of the following words. Use the dictionary if you need:
Mechanical extrusion process
Diagonal boards
Balloon frame system
3. Make up your own sentences with the following words:
a production of brick (производство кирпича), a timber technology (технология обработки лесоматериала), an industrial method (промышленный метод), a small building (небольшое строение), an innovation in building construction (инновационный метод в строительстве), a production development (развитие производства), a mechanical process (механический процесс).
While-Reading
1. Read the text and find new words from the text.
2. Find and translate all the sentences containing the following words:
Timber technology
Laborious process of hand-molding
Building construction
Constituent building materials
One of the building materials used in a construction is a brick. The production of a brick was industrialized in the 19th century. Earlier it was a process of hand-molding. Later it was superseded by «pressed» bricks. It was a mass production by a mechanical extrusion process. In this way clay was squeezed by "pressed" through a rectangular die as a continuous column and sliced to size by a wire cutter. Periodically fired kilns were used. Bricks were moved slowly on a conveyor belt. New methods considerably reduced the cost of a brick. That"s why it became one of the constituent building materials of the age.
Rapid development of timber technology was in the 19th century in North America. It was explained large softwood fir"s forests and pine trees. There they were used as industrial methods. Steam- and water-powered sawmills began producing standard-dimension timbers in the 1820s. The production of cheap machine made nails in the 1830s. It provided other necessary ingredient - a balloon frame. That made possible a major innovation in building construction. The first example was a warehouse erected in Chicago in 1832 by George W. Snow. There was a great demand for small buildings of all types settled on North American continent. Light timber frame provided a quick, flexible, inexpensive solution to this problem. Heavy timbers and complex joinery were abandoned in the balloon frame system. The building walls were framed with 5 x 10-centimetre (2 x 4-inch) vertical members. They were placed at 40 centimeters (16 inches) from the centre. This supplied a roof and floor joists, usually 5x25 centimeters (2x10 inches) and placed 40 centimeters (16 inches) apart and were capable of spanning up to six meters (20 feet).
3. Read the text again and translate the second paragraph from the text.
