Топик по английскому языку: Артур Конан Дойл (Arthur Conan Doyle). Данный текст может быть использован в качестве презентации, проекта, рассказа, эссе, сочинения или сообщения на тему.
Новшество
Сэр Артур Игнатиус Конан Дойл был шотландским врачом и писателем, известным более всего своими историями о детективе Шерлоке Холмсе, которые считаются крупнейшим новшеством в области детективной литературы, и приключениями профессора Челленджера. Истории о Шерлоке Холмсе были переведены более, чем на 50 языков. Его другие работы включают научную фантастику, исторические романы, пьесы, романсы, поэзию и документальную литературу. К 1920 году Дойл был одним из самых высокооплачиваемых писателей в мире.
Ранние годы
Конан Дойл родился 22 мая 1859 года в Эдинбурге, Шотландия. В возрасте девяти лет Артура отправили учиться в иезуитскую школу-пансионат. В течение тех трудных лет Артур осознал, что у него есть талант к писательству. Позже он использовал своих друзей и учителей из колледжа Стонихарст в качестве прототипов для его персонажей в историях о Холмсе. Дойл учился в Эдинбургском университете и в 1884 женился на Лиузе Хокинс.
Становление писателя
Дойл состоялся как доктор в 1885. После выпуска он практиковался в качестве глазного специалиста до 1891, пока полностью не посвятил себя написанию книг. В марте 1886 Дойл начал писать роман, который вознес его на вершину славы. Роман Этюд в багровых тонах, который представил бессметного Шерлока Холмса и доктора Ватсона, был опубликован в 1887. Второй историей о Шерлоке Холмсе была Знак четырех. Журнал Стренд начал публиковать «Приключения Шерлока Холмса» с июля 1891. Адрес Холмса у миссис Хадсон на 221B Бейкер стрит в Лондоне – самая популярная в литературе улица Лондона.
Другие работы
Было также достаточное количество серьезных исторических романов, поэм и пьес, на основании которых Конан Дойл мог быть признан серьезным писателем. Среди них – Война в Южной Африке, Великая англо-бурская война, Пришествие фей, Тайна Клумбера, Затерянный мир и многие другие.
Смерть
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Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Innovation
Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle was a Scottish physician writer, most noted for his stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, which are considered a major innovation in the field of crime fiction, and for the adventures of Professor Challenger. Sherlock Holmes stories have been translated into more than fifty languages. His other works include science fiction stories, historical novels, plays, romances, poetry, and non-fiction. By 1920 Doyle was one of the most highly paid writers in the world.
Early years
Conan Doyle was born on May 22, 1859, in Edinburgh, Scotland. At the age of nine Arthur was sent to study at Jesuit boarding school. It was during those difficult years that Arthur realized he had a talent for storytelling. Later he used his friends and teachers from Stonyhurst College as models for his characters in the Holmes stories. Doyle studied at Edinburgh University and in 1884 he married Louise Hawkins.
Becoming a writer
Doyle qualified as doctor in 1885. After graduation he practiced medicine as an eye specialist until 1891 when he became a full time writer. In March 1886, Conan Doyle started writing the novel which catapulted him to fame. The novel A Study in Scarlet which introduced us to the immortal Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson was published in 1887. The second Sherlock Holmes story was The Sign of the Four. The Strand Magazine started to publish ‘The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes’ from July 1891. Holmes’s address at Mrs. Hudson’s house, 221B Baker Street, London, is the most famous London street in literature.
Other works
There were a number of serious historical novels, poems and plays, based upon which Conan Doyle expected to be recognized as a serious author. Among them are The War In South Africa, The Great Boer War, The Coming Of The Fairies, The Mystery Of Cloomber, The Lost World and many others.
Death
Arthur Conan Doyle was a famous British writer best known by the series of books about Sherlock Holmes. At the same time he led a medical career and supported spiritualism. The author of subtle detective stories was born on May 22nd, 1859, in the family of Irish Catholics. He got his middle name in honor of his father’s uncle, who was a writer and painter. His mother, Mary Foley, was passionate about literature and books. She had a great talent of a narrator that Arthur inherited. The future writer had to grow in a strange family, as his father suffered from alcoholism and had psychological problems. They often experienced financial difficulties. When the boy was 9, some rich relatives offered to pay his education at a noble Jesuit college.
While studying, Arthur developed hatred of class and religious prejudice, as well as physical punishment. The only happy moment were connected with the encouraging letters he received from his mother. At school his favourite pastimes were cricket and storytelling. The classmates often gathered around him and spent hours listening to his fictional stories. In 1876, he graduated from college and returned to his native Edinburgh. At that time his father was in bad condition and had to be placed in a psychiatric hospital. Under the influence of Dr. Waller, who rented a room in their house, Arthur decided to pursue medical career and entered the University of Edinburgh. There, he met future writers R. L. Stevenson and J. Barrie. As a student, he tried his talent in literary field.
The first story that he wrote was “The Mystery of Sasassa Valley”. He created it under the influence of his favourite writers’ works. At that time he admired E. A. Poe and B. Harte. The same year he wrote “The American Tale” which was published in “London Society” journal. In 1880, he travelled and worked as a doctor on a ship’s board. This period of his life was later described in his autobiography. A year later he explored the western coastline of Africa working on a steamship’s board. In 1882, he opened the first medical cabinet in Portsmouth. In his free time he wrote detective stories. In 1885, he married Louise Hawkins. A year later, he seriously took up literature. Soon, he published “A Study in Scarlet” story, where for the first time he mentioned Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson.
In 1891, Doyle decided to quit his medical practice and concentrate on writing. The same year the magazine “Strand” asked him to write more detective stories about Sherlock Holmes. Starting from 1892 he travelled a lot with his family. At the same time he was working on the novel “Uncle Barnak”. In 1896, Arthur was again in England and he wrote his first theater play called “Sherlock Holmes”. In 1906, his wife died and he remarried the next year. With his new wife he had three more children. During the World War I, Doyle lost many friends and close relatives. In the early 1920s, he took up spiritualism and lectured this science in many countries. His last book “The Maracot Deep and Other Stories” was written in 1929. The writer died on July 7th, 1930 of a heart attack.
Перевод:
Артур Конан Дойль - известный британский писатель, наиболее известный по серии книг о Шерлоке Холмсе. В то же время он вел медицинскую карьеру и увлекался спиритизмом. Автор тонких детективов родился 22 мая 1859 года в семье ирландских католиков. Он получил свое второе имя в честь дяди своего отца, который был писателем и художником. Его мать, Мэри Фоли, была увлечена литературой и книгами. У нее был огромный талант рассказчика, который достался Артуру по наследству. Будущему писателю пришлось расти в чужой семье, так как его отец страдал алкоголизмом и имел психологические проблемы. Они часто испытывали финансовые трудности. Когда мальчику было 9 лет, одни богатые родственники предложили ему обучение в благородном иезуитском колледже.
Во время учебы у Артура развилась ненависть к классовым и религиозным предрассудкам, а также к физическому наказанию. Единственные счастливые моменты были связаны с ободряющими письмами, которые он получал от матери. В школе его любимыми занятиями были крикет и рассказывание историй. Одноклассники часто собирались вокруг него и часами слушали его вымышленные истории. В 1876 году он окончил колледж и вернулся в родной Эдинбург. В то время его отец был в плохом состоянии и должен был быть помещен в психиатрическую больницу. Под влиянием доктора Уоллера, арендовавшего комнату в их доме, он решил заняться медицинской карьерой и поступил в Эдинбургский университет. Там он познакомился с будущими писателями Р. Л. Стивенсоном и Дж. Барри. В студенческие годы пробовал себя в литературной сфере.
Первый рассказ, который он написал, был «Тайна долины Сэсасса». Он создавал его под влиянием произведений любимых писателей. В то время он восхищался Э. А. По и Б. Хартом. В том же году он написал «Американскую сказку», которая была опубликована в журнале «Лондонское общество». В 1880 году он путешествовал и работал врачом на борту корабля. Этот период его жизни был позднее описан в автобиографии. Год спустя он исследовал западное побережье Африки, работая на борту парохода. В 1882 году, он открыл первый медицинский кабинет в Портсмут. В свободное время писал детективы. В 1885 году он женился на Луизе Хокинс. Через год он всерьез занялся литературой. Вскоре он опубликовал рассказ «Этюд в багровых тонах», где впервые упомянул Шерлока Холмса и доктора Ватсона.
В 1891 году Дойл решил бросить медицинскую практику и сконцентрироваться на писательстве. В том же году журнал “Strand” попросил его написать больше детективных историй о Шерлоке Холмсе. С 1892 года много путешествовал с семьей. Одновременно он работал над романом «Дядя Барнак». В 1896 году Артур снова оказался в Англии и написал свою первую театральную пьесу под названием “Шерлок Холмс”. В 1906 году его жена умерла, и он женился снова в следующем году. С новой женой у него родилось еще трое детей. Во время Первой мировой войны Дойл потерял много друзей и близких родственников. В начале 1920 - х годов он занялся спиритизмом и читал лекции по этой науке во многих странах. Его последняя книга «Маракотова бездна» была написана в 1929 году. Писатель скончался 7 июля 1930 года от сердечного приступа.
One of the most vivid and enduring characters in English fiction.
Sherlock Holmes: Fact or Fiction?
Sherlock Holmes lived in London.
Conan Doyle, the second of Charles Altamont and Mary Foley Doyle’s 10 children, began seven years of Jesuit education in Lancashire, in 1868. After an additional year of schooling in Feldkirch, Austria, Conan Doyle returned to Edinburgh. Through the influence of Dr. Bryan Charles Waller, his mother’s lodger, he prepared for entry into the University of Edinburgh’s Medical School. He received Bachelor of Medicine and Master of Surgery qualifications from Edinburgh in 1881 and an M.D. in 1885 upon completing his thesis, “An Essay upon the Vasomotor Changes in Tabes Dorsalis .”
While a medical student, Conan Doyle was deeply impressed by the skill of his professor, Dr. Joseph Bell, in observing the most minute detail regarding a patient’s condition. This master of diagnostic deduction became the model for Conan Doyle’s literary creation, who first appeared in A Study in Scarlet , a novel-length story published in Beeton’s Christmas Annual of 1887. Other aspects of Conan Doyle’s and experiences appear in his semiautobiographical novels, The Firm of Girdlestone (1890) and The Stark Munro Letters (1895), and in the collection of medical short stories Round the Red Lamp (1894). (See also .) Conan Doyle’s creation of the logical, cold, calculating Holmes, the “world’s first and only consulting detective,” sharply contrasted with the paranormal beliefs Conan Doyle addressed in a short of this period, The Mystery of Cloomber (1889). Conan Doyle’s early interest in both scientifically supportable evidence and certain paranormal phenomena exemplified the complex diametrically opposing beliefs he struggled with throughout his life.
Driven by public clamour, Conan Doyle continued writing Sherlock Holmes adventures through 1926. His short stories were collected in several volumes, and he also wrote novels (e.g., , serialized 1901–02) that feature Holmes and his assistant, . Conan Doyle, however, claimed the success of Holmes overshadowed the merit he believed his other historical fiction deserved, most notably his tale of 14th-century chivalry , (1891), its companion piece, Sir Nigel (1906), and his adventures of the Napoleonic war hero and the 19th-century skeptical scientist Professor George Edward Challenger.
When his passions ran high, Conan Doyle also turned to nonfiction. His works included military writings, The Great Boer War (1900) and The British Campaign in France and Flanders , 6 vol. (1916–20), and subjects such as the Belgian atrocities in the Congo during ’s reign, in The Crime of the Congo (1909), as well as his involvement in the actual criminal cases of George Edalji and Oscar Slater.
Conan Doyle married Louisa Hawkins in 1885, and together they had two children, Mary and Kingsley. A year after Louisa’s death in 1906, he married Jean Leckie and with her had three children, Denis, Adrian, and Jean. Conan Doyle was knighted in 1902 for his work with a field hospital in , and other services during the .
Conan Doyle himself viewed his most important efforts to be his campaign in support of , the religion and psychic research subject based upon the belief that spirits of the departed continued to exist in the hereafter and can be contacted by those still living. He donated the majority of his literary efforts and profits later in his life to this campaign, beginning with The New Revelation (1918) and The Vital Message (1919). He later chronicled his travels in supporting the spiritualist cause in The Wanderings of a Spiritualist (1921), Our American Adventure (1923), Our Second American Adventure (1924), and Our African Winter (1929). He discussed other spiritualist issues in his Case for Spirit Photography (1922), Pheneas Speaks (1927), and a two-volume The History of Spiritualism (1926). Conan Doyle became the world’s most-renowned proponent of spiritualism, but he faced considerable opposition for his conviction from the magician and in a 1920 debate with the humanist Joseph McCabe. Even spiritualists joined in criticizing Conan Doyle’s article “The Evidence for Fairies,” published in The Strand Magazine in 1921, and his subsequent book The Coming of the Fairies (1922), in which he voiced support for the claim that two young girls, Elsie Wright and Frances Griffiths, had photographed actual fairies that they had seen in the Yorkshire village of Cottingley.
Conan Doyle is most famous as the inventor of Sherlock Holmes, but he had a varied career as a writer, journalist and public figure.
Arthur Conan Doyle was born on 22 May 1859 in Edinburgh into a prosperous Irish family. He trained as a doctor, gaining his degree from Edinburgh University in 1881. He worked as a surgeon on a whaling boat and also as a medical officer on a steamer travelling between Liverpool and West Africa. He then settled in Portsmouth on the English south coast and divided his time between medicine and writing.
Sherlock Holmes made his first appearance in ‘A Study of Scarlet’, published in ‘Beeton’s Christmas Annual’ in 1887. Its success encouraged Conan Doyle to write more stories involving Holmes but, in 1893, Conan Doyle killed off Holmes, hoping to concentrate on more serious writing. A public outcry later made him resurrect Holmes. In addition, Conan Doyle wrote a number of other novels, including ‘The Lost World’ and various non-fictional works. These included a pamphlet justifying Britain’s involvement in the Boer War, for which he was knighted and histories of the Boer War and World War One, in which his son, brother and two of his nephews were killed. Conan Doyle also twice ran unsuccessfully for parliament. In later life he became very interested in spiritualism.
Arthur Conan Doyle was born in the capital of Scotland, Edinburgh. His father, Charles E. Doyle, was an artist and architect by profession, but he worked as a clerk in an office. He died young and the Doyles were very poor.Arthur’s mother was a very good storyteller and he remembered her fantastic stories all his life. The talent of story telling was inherited by Arthur from his mother and it helped him as a writer. During his school years he read much, and he often told his school friends long and interesting stories, getting cakes and sweets for that.
After leaving school Conan Doyle became a student of the medical faculty at the university of Edinburgh. In his third year of studies he went as a ship doctor to the Arctic and upon graduating from the university, he again went by ship to western Africa.
He began his medical practice in a small English town Southsea, where he spent eight years. In 1887, he published his first detective story “A study in Scarlet”. Its main characters were Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson, and they became the most popular characters of a great many of Conan Doyle’s stories.
“A scandal in Bohemia” opened a collection of detective stories under the title “The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes”. The story was published in 1891 and soon after that Baker Street became the well-known address of Sherlock Holmes.
The readers asked for more and more stories about Sherlock Holmes and Conan Doyle was writing them for two years. When he had written about twenty stories with Sherlock Holmes as the main detective, he was so tired of these stories that he decided to “kill” Sherlock Holmes. He wrote a story, which he named “Holmes’s last case” (1893). In this story Holmes was killed during his struggle with Professor Moriarty. The writer hoped that after that he could begin writing other books.
But the readers did not wish to lose their favourite character and ten years later the famous detective appeared again. In 1901-1902 one of Conan Doyle’s best stories “The hound of the Baskervilles” was published.
In 1891 Conan Doyle gave up his medical work and devoted all his time to his literary activity. He also travelled much. He visited Europe, the USA and Egypt. In Norway he met Jerome K. Jerome, who wrote about that fact in one of his books.
Beside detective stories, Conan Doyle also wrote historic novels, war books and an anticolonial book about the Belgian Congo. His two fantastic stories “The lost world” (1912) and “The Poisoned Belt” (1913) were quite successful.
All his life Conan Doyle liked sport; he skied, played golf and went in for boxing.
He died in 1930. After his death, the famous detective Sherlock Holmes, together with his friend Dr. Watson, continued to live on the pages of Conan Doyle’s books. They are among the favourite characters of English literature.
Tourists coming to London always go to visit Baker Street to see the house where Sherlock Holmes lived.
