Future Simple (Future Indefinite) — будущее простое время английского языка. Обычно оно используется для обозначения события, которое может произойти в неопределенное будущее или в очень далекое будущее. Более подробные правила образования Future Simple в утвердительных, отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях, вспомогательные слова и примеры употребления будущего времени смотрите ниже.
Образование Future Simple
Future Simple образуется с помощью добавления вспомогательных глаголов shall / will и первой формы глагола. Формула для образования утвердительного (повествовательного) предложения:
Существительное + shall / will + глагол
Как правило, shall употребляется с 1 лицом единственного числа, однако это не является правилом. Will можно употреблять со всеми местоимениями (I, You, He / She, We, They, It). Также shall и will могут сливаться с местоимением и тогда от них остается только окончание ll. Примеры:
I will play football. — Я буду играть в футбол.
I’ll do my work someday. — Я когда-то сделаю свою работу.
Для образования отрицательного предложения в Future Simple необходимо после shall / will ставить долю not. Формула образования отрицательного предложения:
Существительное + shall / will + not + глагол
При этом shall not может сливаться в shall not, а will not в will not. Примеры использования отрицательного предложения:
I shall not let you down. — Я не подведу.
Tomorrow he will not go to the school. — Завтра он не пойдет в школу.
Вопросительное предложение Future Simple образуется следующим способом:
Shall / Will + существительное + глагол
Примеры использования вопросительного предложения:
Shall we go to the cinema tomorrow? — Завтра мы пойдем в кинотеатр?
Will you go with us? — Пойдешь ты с нами?
Слова-указатели Future Simple
Как и в Past Simple и в Present Simple, у будущего времени есть свои вспомогательные слова, помогающие определить, используется Future Simple или нет. Существует 4 наиболее употребляемых слов-маркеров и словосочетаний:
Случаи, в которых употребляется Future Simple
Ниже приведены случаи употребления Future Simple, которые помогут вам сориентироваться в разговоре при выборе времени, в котором вы хотите выразить свое мнение.
Future simple
I вариант использования: обещание что-то сделать
Future Simple часто используется в случае, когда человек что-то обещает делать в будущем:
I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party. — Я обещаю, что не расскажу ему о неожиданной вечеринку.
Do not worry, I’ll be careful. — Не волнуйся, я буду осторожным.
I will call you when I arrive. — Я перезвоню тебе, когда приеду.
II вариант использования: предвидение будущих событий
Future Simple может использоваться при попытке что-то предусмотреть в будущем. В данном случае также может использоваться фраза to be going to. примеры:
The year 2222 will be a very interesting year. — Год 2222 будет очень интересным годом.
John Smith will be the next President. — Джон Смит будет следующим президентом.
The movie «Zenith» will win several Academy Awards. — Фильм «Зенит» выиграет несколько наград Киноакадемии.
III вариант использования: мгновенная реакция на что-то
В данном случае Future Simple применяется для ответа на какой просьбы или реакции на какое-то действие, которое состоялось. примеры:
Will you help me to move this heavy table? — Ты поможешь мне передвинуть этот тяжелый стол?
A: I’m really hungry. — Я действительно голоден.
B: I’ll make some sandwiches. — Я сделаю несколько сандвичей.
I will not do all the housework myself! — Я не буду делать всю работу по дому одна!
IV вариант использования: перечисление последовательных действий или повторяющихся действий
Еще одним случаем употребления Future Simple является перечисление последовательных и повторяющихся действий, которые будут происходить в будущем. К примеру:
I cannot wait for my vacation. I shall go to the river, swim and fish every day. — Не могу дождаться каникул. Я буду ходить к реке, плавать и ловить рыбу каждый день.
Modern life is impossible without traveling. We can travel by cat ,by bus, by bicycle, by train, by ship, by plain. Each kind of traveling has its advantages. The fastest way of traveling is by plain. But it’s expensive. Modern means of traveling have different facilities. The seats in carriages are comfortable. We can sleep, sit, read, enjoy beautiful scenery through the window, put in plains we can see only clouds.
Cycling is very useful too. We can stop where we like and visit sights of interest, enjoy fresh air. We needn’t keep any time-table or get tickets at the booking office. Traveling is remarkable in all seasons.
Traveling is always exciting. We meet people ,brand new places, get a lot of impressions. We enjoy the picturesque scenery of these places, explore them and go sightseeing. We learn history, culture and traditions of different lands. We come to know more about music, art literature and famous people. We become more educated. It’s better to see ones than to hear many times. One more thing makes traveling wonderful. You are always looking forward to your trip and then to home coming , returning to our native town, family and friends. And it’s quite natural. We owe much to traveling. It makes us more friendly. A lot of places attract tourists over the world. Foreigners admire a lot of places I Russia too.
Sometimes your journey turn out to be a real disappointment. It may happen in case the trip is not well organized or bad weather may spoil your plans, or the company who joined your trip may be rather dull and you feel bored during the time you travel, or the place from which you expected much appears to have nothing particular.
Traveling has much in common with camping and going on hikes. It teaches us discipline, we learn to overcome all kinds of hardships and become strong-willed.
To travel in mind-that’s remarkable! You don’t have to suffer from standing in long lines to buy a ticket. You don’t feel uncomfortable in the overcrowded transport. You may travel to the remotest places on the same day.
**********
We often get tired of the same surroundings and daily routine. Hence some relaxation is essential to restore our mental and physical resources. That is why the best place of relaxation in my opinion is the one where you have never been before. And it is by means of traveling that you get to that place.
To be on the safe side and to spare yourself the trouble of standing long hours in the line you’d better book tickets in advance. All you have to do is to ring up the airport of the railway station booking office and they will send your ticket to your place. And of course before getting off you have to make your preparations.
You should settle all your business and visit your friends and relatives. On the eve of your departure you should pack your things in a suitcase. When the day of the departure comes, you call a taxi and go to the airport or the railway station.
For some time you stay in the waiting room. If you are hungry, you take some refreshments. In some time the loud speaker announces that the train or the plain is in and the passengers are invited to take their seats. If you travel by train you find your carriage, enter the carriage and find your berth. It may be a lower berth, which is more convenient or an upper one. You put your suitcase into a special box under the lower seat. Then you arrange your smaller packages on the tracks. In some time the train starts off. Traveling by train is slower than by plain, but it has its advantages. You can see the country you are traveling through and enjoy the beautiful nature. It may be an express train or a passenger one. There is no doubt it’s much more convenient to travel by the express train because it does not stop at small stations and it takes you less time to get to your destination.
But if you are in a hurry and want to save your time you’d better travel by plain because it’s the fastest way of traveling. After the procedure of registration you board the plain the last. You sit down in a comfortable armchair and in a few minutes you are already above the clouds. After the plain gains its regular height the stewardess brings in some mineral water. You can sit and read a book or a magazine, look through the window to watch the passing clouds change their color grow white to black.
Some people prefer to travel by ship when possible. A sea voyage is very enjoyable, indeed. But to my mind the best way of traveling is by car. The advantages of this way of spending your holiday are that you don’t have to buy a ticket, you can stop whenever you wish, where there is something interesting to see.
When you get tired of relaxation, you become home-sick and feel like returning home. You realize that “East or West-home is best”, as the saying goes.
Travel is extremely important nowadays.
For most people speed is a very important factor when they are traveling. They want to reach their destination as quickly as possible. There are now planes that can cross the Atlantic in just over three hours.
Other people prefer comfort to speed. They like to relax during the journey and enjoy themselves as much as possible.
For almost everyone safety is the most important factor. For example, a lot of people never fly because they believe it is dangerous. In fact, it is probably much more dangerous to travel by car or to walk across a street.
Modern life is impossible without traveling. Thousands of people travel every day either on business or for pleasure. They can travel by air, by rail, by sea, or by road.
Of course, traveling by air is the fastest and the most convenient way, but it is the most expensive too. Traveling by train is slower than by plane, but it has its advantages. You can see much more interesting places of the country you are traveling through. Modern trains have very comfortable seats in all passenger carriages. There are also sleeping cars and dining cars, which make even the longest journey enjoyable. Speed, comfort and safety are the main advantages of trains and planes. That is why many people prefer them to all other means. With a train you have speed, comfort and safety combined.
From the comfortable corner seat of a railway carriage you have a splendid view of the whole countryside. If you are hungry, you can have a meal in the dining-car; and if the journey is a long one you can have a wonderful bed in a sleeper. Besides, do you know any place that is more interesting than a big railway-station? There is the movement, the excitement, the gaiety of people going away or waiting to meet friends. You can see a lot of notices: Entrance and Exit, or perhaps Way In and Way Out, Arrivals and Departures, Refreshment Room and Waiting Room, Left-Luggage Office and so on. There are the shouts of the porters as they pull luggage along the platforms to the waiting trains, the crowds at the booking-office getting tickets, the hungry and thirsty ones hurrying to the refreshment rooms, before the train starts. At bookstalls the passengers choose books, magazines or newspapers to while away the time during the journey.
But sometimes service leaves much to be desired. You have to queue up for your tickets. Travelling for long distances is very tiresome even boring, especially if your fellow-passengers are unsociable or boring people.
So, people choose means of travel according to their plans and destinations.
Suppose you travel by train. On arriving to the station you manage your way through the crowd and get out on to the platform. There are many tracks and trains there. But if you are helped by the porter there is no need for you to look round and read all the signs which tell you what train you must take. You follow your porter and here you are – Car № 6, train 52.
You show your ticket to the guard, standing at the carriage entrance. You find your compartment and arrange the luggage on the rack. Soon the train slowly pulls out. You stand at the window waving a farewell to our friends who came to see you off.
You are on your way. You start up a conversation with your fellow-passengers (people take to each other quickly when traveling), and soon you get to know who and what. Now when the excitement of the day is over you begin to feel hungry and go to the dining-car or order meal when the attendant comes along.
After a hearty meal you feel tired. You get into your upper berth and begin to absorb the beauty of the changing scenes that fly past you.
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Katerina: Hey, Joel. Have you ever traveled by train?
Joel: Only once, and that was a long time ago when I lived in Orlando. I’m not even sure where the Train station is in this city. Why do you ask?
Katerina: I need to go to San Francisco at the end of May for a friend’s wedding, and I’m thinking about taking a train instead of flying.
Joel: That’s a long trip from Chicago, with a lot of Stops. How many days does it take to get there?
Katerina: I just printed out the Timetable. Let me see…It looks like it’ll take about four-and-a-half days. I would Depart, say, on Tuesday morning and Arrive on Saturday afternoon.
Joel: Can I see that? It looks like there are good On-board services, with a Dining car and a Lounge car On each train.
Katerina: Yeah, I like that. I don’t know if I should go Coach or Business class. I suppose that’ll depend on the Fare. I’ve heard that the Sleeping cars are pretty comfortable, too, so I’m glad about that.
Joel: What Day of the week do you have to leave?
Katerina: Let me look at the Days of operation. This service runs daily, so that’s convenient. I’m going to look online to see how much it’ll cost. It’ll be nice to take a train For a change.
Joel: Let me know what you find out and what you decide. Maybe I’ll Look into it for my trip to Washington in September.
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Millions of people all over the world spend their holidays travelling. They travel to see other countries and continents, modern cities and the ruins of ancient towns, they travel to enjoy picturesque places, or just for a change of scene. It"s always interesting to discover new things, different ways of life, to meet different people, to try different food, to listen to different musical rhythms.
Those who live in the country like to go to a big city and spend their time visiting museums and art galleries, looking at shop windows and dining at exotic restaurants. City-dwellers usually like a quiet holiday by the sea or in the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe and laze in the sun.
Most travellers and holiday-makers take a camera with them and take pictures of everything that interests them - the sights of a city, old churches and castles, views of mountains, lakes, valleys, plains, waterfalls, forests; different kinds of trees, flowers and plants, animals and birds.
Later, perhaps years later, they will be reminded by the photos of the happy time they have had.
People travel by train, by plane, by boat and by car.
All means of travel have their advantages and disadvantages. And people choose one according to their plans and destinations.
If we are fond of travelling, we see and learn a lot of things that we can never see or learn at home, though we may read about them in books and newspapers, and see pictures of them on TV. The best way to study geography is to travel, and the best way to get to know and understand people is to meet them in their own homes.
Путешествия
Миллионы людей во всем мире проводят отпуск путешествуя. Они путешествуют, чтобы увидеть другие страны и континенты, современные города и руины древних городов, они едут наслаждаться живописными местами или просто сменить обстановку. Всегда интересно открывать что-то новое, различные пути в жизни, встречать различных людей, пробовать необычные блюда, слушать различные музыкальные ритмы.
Те, кто живет загородом, любят ездить в большой город и проводить время, посещая музеи и художественные галереи, разглядывая витрины магазинов и обедая в экзотических ресторанах. Горожанам обычно нравится спокойный отпуск на море или в горах, где ничего не остаётся делать,только гулять, купаться и бездельничать на солнце.
Большинство путешественников и отдыхающих берут камеру с ними и снимают все, что их интересует - достопримечательности городов, старинные церкви и замки, виды гор, озер, долин, равнин, водопадов, лесов, различные виды деревьев, цветов и растений, животных и птиц.
Позже, возможно годы спустя, они будут вспоминать по фотографиям о счастливом времени, которое у них было.
Люди путешествуют на поездах, на самолетах, на кораблях и на автомобилях.
Все средства передвижения имеют свои преимущества и недостатки. И люди выбирают их в соответствии со своими планами и направлениями.
Если мы любим путешествовать, мы можем видеть и узнавать то, что мы никогда не увидим дома, хотя мы можем прочитать об этом в книгах и газетах, а также посмотреть по телевизору. Лучший способ изучить географию - поездки, а лучший способ узнать и понять людей - встретиться с ними в их собственных домах.
