Konstantin Dmitrievich Balmont
Prince A.I. Urusov
Evening. Seaside. Sighs of the wind.
The majestic cry of the waves.
A storm is coming. It hits the shore
A black boat alien to enchantment.
Alien to the pure charms of happiness,
A boat of languor, a boat of anxiety,
Abandoned the shore, fights the storm,
The palace is looking for bright dreams.
Rushing along the seaside, rushing along the sea,
Surrendering to the will of the waves.
The frosted moon is looking,
The month of bitter sadness is full.
The evening died. The night turns black.
The sea is grumbling. The darkness is growing.
The boat of languor is covered in darkness.
A storm howls in the abyss of water.
Alexander Ivanovich Urusov
The work “The Chel of Longing” was written by K. D. Balmont in 1894 and dedicated to Prince A. I. Urusov.This is a kind of gratitude from the poet to the person who did a lot for his creative development. For example, it was Alexander Ivanovich Urusov who pushed Konstantin Dmitrievich to become acquainted with French authors - G. Flaubert, C. Baudelaire and others, which would subsequently significantly affect the style of Balmont himself.
Some critics believe that the poem “The Canoe of Longing” was also created by Balmont under the influence of the work of other authors. For example, Afanasy Fet’s work “Storm at Sea” contains the same phonetic device as “Cheln...” - alliteration. Konstantin Dmitrievich himself, in notes to the translations of P. B. Shelley, notes the amazing mastery of sound repetitions of the English poet, comparing it with the talent of A. S. Pushkin and the poetic traditions of Ancient India.
Analyzing the work “The Shuttle of Longing” today, we can say that it is quite worthy to take an honorable place among the creations mentioned by Balmont. In it, the poet created a unique sound pattern. Each line has its own sound range. The first stanza begins with "v":
Evening. Seaside. Sighs of the wind.
The majestic cry of the waves.
The following lines open with the sounds “b”, “ch”, “m”, “s”, again “ch”, “v” and so on. As if reciting mantras in a circle, the author speaks to the unrestrained elements of water and air, which are the subject of the story.
The work makes extensive use of onomatopoeia. When encountering the repeated syllables “BRO-sil”, “BU-rya”, “BE-reg” in the text, the reader involuntarily imagines exactly the picture that the author paints in the poem. A restless sea clearly appears before us, menacingly rising waves, among which a barely noticeable lonely boat rushes about. What awaits him, the reader will easily understand from the gloomy images: “an abyss of waters,” “full of bitter sadness,” “alien to the charms of happiness.”
A special rhythm, imitating the impact of waves on the side of a boat, is created with the help of a trochaic tetrameter, interrupted on even lines, starting from the second stanza. The alternation of masculine and feminine endings in this segment also adds sharpness to the poems.
If we ignore the skillful play with sounds, it turns out that the poem contains a deep meaning. The main image of the work, a boat given over to the elements, symbolizes human loneliness. Like a tiny boat, a person disappears and dies, being abandoned to the mercy of fate. Many poets before Balmont addressed this theme and image, for example, M. Yu. Lermontov in the poem “Shuttle”. Thus, Konstantin Dmitrievich appears before the reader not only as a deft master of words, but also as a true heir to the tradition of Russian philosophical lyricism.
The poem depicts a lonely boat among a stormy sea and wind waves. It seems that the storm is about to swallow up this boat, but against the background of the image of bad weather, reflections arise about the alienness of the lyrical hero’s “happiness”: “alien to the pure charms of happiness.” Cheln is in search of an ideal: “The palace is looking for bright dreams.” To do this, he left them a native, familiar side: “Abandoned the shore.” The approach of the storm becomes the object of Balmont's image: he hears the “majestic cry of the waves.” “The Boat of Longing” is imbued with decadent moods - sadness, depression, pessimism. This poem is one of the poet’s earliest; it belongs to the first, “quiet”, as researchers call it, period of Balmont’s work. From 1900 onwards there will come a “loud” period with strong-willed, major intonations. And this poem talks about the approach of a storm (“The storm is close”), about the battle of the boat with the storm (“fighting the storm”) and about the broken will of the fighter (“Surrendering to the will of the waves”). The ending of the poem is sad: the storm has won, darkness has engulfed the boat: “The boat of languor is covered in darkness. The storm howls in the abyss of water." It is no coincidence that, looking at this unequal struggle, “the month is full of bitter sadness.” Balmont emphasizes the futility of the struggle, and this mood is also formed by the choice of words “sighs”, “languor”, “bitter sadness”, “died”, “overwhelmed”.
And Balmont’s lyrical hero himself is a “boat of languor.” The disappointed (“uncharmed”) “black” boat of languor is apparently doomed to defeat from the very beginning. The sound signature on “ch” in the portrait of the “languishing boat” should, apparently, according to Balmont, demonstrate the non-randomness of word usage, the “reflection” of these words in each other: “a black boat alien to enchantment.” Balmont does not have a picture of a calm sea. At the end of the poem, “the darkness grows” and “the storm howls in the abyss of water.” Circumstances were not favorable to the shuttle. We see the monotony of the color characteristics of the atmosphere around the “black boat” (“the month is matte”, “the night turns black”), and only the ideal is described as a “chamber of bright dreams”.
In Balmont's poem there are generally more sound than pictorial characteristics: the sigh of the wind, the exclamation of the will, the howl of the storm are conveyed by alliteration on “v”. Balmont appeared in Russian poetry as one of the most remarkable “melodists”: the exquisite instrumentation, the music of his verse was recognized by everyone, and about himself he wrote: “I am the sophistication of Russian slow speech, Before me are other poets - forerunners, I first discovered the deviations in this speech "Chanting, angry, gentle ringing."
Evening. Seaside. Sighs of the wind.
The majestic cry of the waves.
A storm is coming. It hits the shore
A black boat alien to enchantment.
Alien to the pure charms of happiness,
A boat of languor, a boat of anxiety,
Abandoned the shore, fights the storm,
The palace is looking for bright dreams.
Rushing along the seaside, rushing along the sea,
Surrendering to the will of the waves.
The frosted moon is looking,
The month of bitter sadness is full.
The evening died. The night turns black.
The sea is grumbling. The darkness is growing.
The boat of languor is covered in darkness.
A storm howls in the abyss of water.
More poems:
- The flat shore is smoky, melting... The helmsman is cheerful at the helm... The land is outlined as a barely visible strip... The whole expanse of the sea is bubbling... I am alone above the blue darkness... Whirlwinds of foam exploding upward, The abyss howls above...
- 1 Everything - mountains, islands - all of the morning steam Covered with haze... Like a sweet dream, As if a light, silver spell had been cast on the world - and it dreams of happiness... And, with...
- I am also full, oh my dear friend, with your appearance, full of you!.. As if a light-winged angel flew down to talk with me, - And, having escorted him to the threshold of the Holy Heavens, I gather without him...
- The coming day was outlined in outline, the current day was so suitable for singing, and four, worthy of surprise, rowers sailed with me on the canoe. Everyone would stare at the beauty of these four until the end...
- From the poem “Isnel and Aslega” The battle is over, the warriors are feasting around the burning oaks... ...But soon the flame goes out, And the ashes of the black stumps go out, And a languid sleep weighs down the Lying warriors among the fields. Closed...
- The troika rushes, the troika gallops, Dust swirls from under its hooves, The bell cries loudly, and laughs and squeals. Along the road, a bright ringing is heard loudly, Then in the distance it will rattle cleanly, Then it will groan dully. Like...
- The ringing heart beats in the chest, Illuminated by the caress of the moon From the singing heavens above. Dear friend, come, come!.. Dear friend, come, come!.. A soft impulse of the heart is powerful! Lightning flash will tear the edges...
- The fence is dug deep, the door shines with heavy copper... - A month! month! so openly do not measure the Black shadow! Let it be buried - not forgotten... Never or now. So the door shines like the moon. Few...
- A white ship, abandoned, in a stormy sea, proudly floats - shot in one gulp... Like the ghost of a morgue, it rushes... - Full speed ahead! Wall to wall, brother to brother? Who is the murderer here, who is the slave? Rushing...
- - What kind of weather! How terrible this twilight is! How the black air stuck to the roofs and asphalt... - And I’m tired. I wandered around all day in vain. I visited Sashka, bought soap and...
- The troika is rushing, the troika is galloping, The bell under the arc is talking briskly. The new moon is shining. The wide kosheve is cramped; Like at a wedding, stomping, Swung, the song goes from shoulder to shoulder! Harmonist and...
- Here on the square square is the Creamery, the white house! The bull walks neatly, slightly shaking his belly. The cat is dozing on a white chair, Ghouls are hovering under the window, Aunt Mariuli is wandering around, loudly clapping her bucket. Separator, god...
- Groves of palm trees and thickets of aloe, A silvery-matte stream, An infinitely blue sky, A sky golden from the rays. And what more do you want, heart? Is happiness a fairy tale or a lie? Why the temptations of a Gentile...
- With a bitter complaint, with a melancholy speech, You gave me a moment of joy: In my patient homeland I have not heard a complaint for a long time. As if at night in the middle of a deaf cemetery, I am embraced by the silence of the grave...
- We stood with the pilot of the ice pilot, looking at the fading day from the icebreaker. The white shore of Chukotka and some kind of boat on green water floated quietly in front of us. There was a girl standing there, dressed simply...
“The shuttle of languor” Konstantin Balmont
Prince A.I. Urusov
Evening. Seaside. Sighs of the wind.
The majestic cry of the waves.
A storm is coming. It hits the shore
A black boat alien to enchantment.Alien to the pure charms of happiness,
A boat of languor, a boat of anxiety,
Abandoned the shore, fights the storm,
The palace is looking for bright dreams.Rushing along the seaside, rushing along the sea,
Surrendering to the will of the waves.
The frosted moon is looking,
The month of bitter sadness is full.The evening died. The night turns black.
The sea is grumbling. The darkness is growing.
The boat of languor is covered in darkness.
A storm howls in the abyss of water.
Analysis of Balmont's poem "The Shuttle of Longing"
The work “The Chel of Longing” was written by K. D. Balmont in 1894 and dedicated to Prince A. I. Urusov. This is a kind of gratitude from the poet to the person who did a lot for his creative development. For example, it was Alexander Ivanovich Urusov who pushed Konstantin Dmitrievich to become acquainted with French authors - G. Flaubert, C. Baudelaire and others, which would subsequently significantly affect the style of Balmont himself.
Some critics believe that the poem “The Canoe of Longing” was also created by Balmont under the influence of the work of other authors. For example, Afanasy Fet’s work “Storm at Sea” contains the same phonetic device as “Cheln...” - alliteration. Konstantin Dmitrievich himself, in notes to the translations of P. B. Shelley, notes the amazing mastery of sound repetitions of the English poet, comparing it with the talent of A. S. Pushkin and the poetic traditions of Ancient India.
Analyzing the work “The Shuttle of Longing” today, we can say that it is quite worthy to take an honorable place among the creations mentioned by Balmont. In it, the poet created a unique sound pattern. Each line has its own sound range. The first stanza begins with "v":
Evening. Seaside. Sighs of the wind.
The majestic cry of the waves.
The following lines open with the sounds “b”, “ch”, “m”, “s”, again “ch”, “v” and so on. As if reciting mantras in a circle, the author speaks to the unrestrained elements of water and air, which are the subject of the story.
The work makes extensive use of onomatopoeia. When encountering the repeated syllables “BRO-sil”, “BU-rya”, “BE-reg” in the text, the reader involuntarily imagines exactly the picture that the author paints in the poem. A restless sea clearly appears before us, menacingly rising waves, among which a barely noticeable lonely boat rushes about. What awaits him, the reader will easily understand from the gloomy images: “an abyss of waters,” “full of bitter sadness,” “alien to the charms of happiness.”
A special rhythm, imitating the impact of waves on the side of a boat, is created with the help of a trochaic tetrameter, interrupted on even lines, starting from the second stanza. The alternation of masculine and feminine endings in this segment also adds sharpness to the poems.
If we ignore the skillful play with sounds, it turns out that the poem contains a deep meaning. The main image of the work, a boat given over to the elements, symbolizes human loneliness. Like a tiny boat, a person disappears and dies, being abandoned to the mercy of fate. Many poets before Balmont addressed this theme and image, for example, M. Yu. Lermontov in the poem “Shuttle”. Thus, Konstantin Dmitrievich appears before the reader not only as a deft master of words, but also as a true heir to the tradition of Russian philosophical lyricism.
LITERATURE LESSON IN 11TH GRADE
ON THE TOPIC: "INDIVIDUALIZED STYLES IN POETRY
"SILVER AGE"
(lesson on reading interpretation of lyric poems:
The lesson material is based on poems by I. Annensky, A. Akhmatova, K. Balmont, M. Lermontov, N. Gumilyov)
For the lesson, each student determines which poet’s work he will represent and which poem he will choose. During the lesson, he needs to justify his choice, show why he liked the poem, and to what extent it is characteristic of the work of this poet. And for this you need to read expressively, express a brief judgment about it, it is advisable to offer a graphic symbol-illustration that conveys the reader’s impression, and possibly a musical illustration (associations with which musical work this poem evoked, if any, a romance on the words of the poem).
During the lesson, you can offer different types of work depending on the individuality of the student, who is given the right to choose not only the poet, but also the method of reader interpretation: performance with the protection of a graphic symbol, musical illustration; interpretation-analysis, reader
commentary, essay.
I will show the possibilities of some types of such individual work in class.
The purpose of the lesson . By presenting an analysis-interpretation of a lyrical poem, students will try to reveal the reader in themselves, each interpretation will become the subject of general reflection on what they read, most likely, it will be a clarification of what particularly pleased, struck, remained unclear, and will be an attempt to understand it.
During the classes. The poet is nature, directly acting
In a rare way: in poetry.
A. Platonov
Teacher's word
The goal of our lesson was perfectly expressed by M.I. Tsvetaeva, once said the following: “What is reading - if not unraveling, interpreting, extracting the secret that remains behind the lines, the limit of words?”
Probably, each of you will agree that no one can say more about the Poet than he himself does in his poems. Not to family, not to friends, not to contemporaries, not to researchers. Because the Poet is a whole independent world, happiness and tragedy, the harmony and discord of which will reach our descendants decades, centuries later, just as the light of long-extinct stars reaches us from the depths of the bottomless Universe. The word Poet already carries a confession. After all, it is said in order to convey the most intimate, hard-won, thought-out things to a loved one who is able to understand and appreciate it.
Today in class, speaking about the poetic individualities of the “Silver Age”, many of you, presenting your analysis and interpretation to the audience, will reveal your reader’s “I”, and therefore, your individuality as a Reader who liked a lot in the lyrics of his Poet, something struck, and perhaps remained incomprehensible, and this will be another attempt to understand the mystery of the great master creator.
Intellectual warm-up
1. This word has been known in Russian since the beginning of the 18th century. In French, the word goes back from Latin to Greek “master”, “producer”, “author” (which in translation is “I do”, “I erect”, “I complete”, “I compose”). Name this word. (Poet).
2. Russian poetry developed especially dynamically in the late 90s of the 19th century. Having arisen by analogy with the concept of the “golden age”, which traditionally denoted the Pushkin period of Russian literature, it later received the name “poetic renaissance” or… (continue the phrase…… “silver age”).
3. Name the major modernist movements that emerged in Russia at the end of the 19th century (symbolism, acmeism, futurism).
4. The lyrical “I” of this poet is distinguished by the romance of creative quests. The thirst for universality, the desire for artistic universalism is reflected in the quantity of what he wrote. The list of the poet’s original books and translations takes up a whole page in M. Tsvetaeva’s memoirs: 35 books of poetry, 20 books of prose, more than 10 thousand printed pages of translations. The linguistic abilities of the poet, who spoke half a dozen languages (he spoke 16 languages), amazes. Name him (K. Balmont).
5. The poetry of the “Silver Age” is unthinkable without the name of this poet. The creator of a literary movement, he won the interest of readers not only with his talent and originality of poetry, but also with his unusual destiny and passionate love of travel, which became an integral part of his life and work. Name him (N. Gumilyov).
6. She wrote briefly about herself: she was born on June 11, 1889 near Odessa. As a one-year-old child, she was transported to the north - to Tsarskoye Selo. She lived there until she was 16 years old. I learned to read using Tolstoy's alphabet. She wrote her first poem when she was 11 years old. She studied at the Tsarskoye Selo women's gymnasium. At first it’s bad, then much better, but always reluctantly... Tell me who she is. (Anna Akhmatova).
7. What is the main means of conveying secret meanings? Symbol.
8. How does a symbol differ from an allegory? A symbol is always multi-valued, but an allegory presupposes an unambiguous understanding.
9. What did the symbolists oppose to the traditional idea of knowledge of the world? The answer is the idea of constructing the world in the process of cognition, considering that creativity is higher than cognition, because creativity is the contemplation of secret meanings, accessible only to the artist-creator. The artist is required to have the most subtle mastery of the art of hinting: the value of speech lies in “understatement,” “secrecy of meaning.”
10. How do you think the Symbolists enriched Russian poetic culture? They gave the poetic word a previously unknown mobility and ambiguity.
Conclusion
Poetry heals, it is called upon to expose evil, defend goodness, illuminate the future, and cultivate the human in a person.
There is peace in the world and there is movement,
There are laughter and tears - the memory of long ago,
There is dying and arising,
There is truth and vanity of vanities,
There is a human moment of life
And a trace that remains for a long time.
And for whom the whole world, all sensations
Poetry is the true poet.
Individual task No. 1
K. Balmont "The boat of languor"
M. Lermontov "Sail"
- What do you think are the similarities and differences between K. Balmont’s poem and Lermontov’s “Sail”?
C H O D S T V O
Cheln - a lonely boat - Parus
among the waves
wind
stormy sea
- Reflections on the foreignness of “happiness”
He is a stranger and does not seek happiness
The pure charms of happiness and not from happiness runs
- About the search for the ideal
Is the palace looking for bright dreams, what is it looking for in a distant land?
- About leaving them a familiar side
Abandoned the shore, what did he abandon in his native land?
- Admiring the approaching storm
Peculiar beauty, play of natural forces
The majestic cry of the waves plays, the wind whistles
D A S L I C H I O N
Circumstances
K. Balmont does not have a picture of a calm sea - the darkness is growing
The storm howls in the abyss of water
Conclusion
Circumstances are favorable to one thing - a stream of lighter azure
Golden ray of sunshine
Colors of the world
monotonous varied
the black boat turns white
month matte blue
the night turns blacker than the lighter azure, golden
and only the ideal is described as a “palace of bright dreams”
Conclusion
more sounds: more scenic characteristics
sigh of the wind
the cry of the waves
howl of the storm
alliteration on "in"
the melody of the verse is exquisite
in the portrait of “the man of languor” there is no accident of “words reflected in each other”:
"black boat alien to enchantment"
Hero's Will Virtue
Broken by circumstances Resists circumstances
Conclusion
The fight is futile The fight is necessary
Conclusion
Balmont's lyrical hero is different in comparison with Lermontov's. This is not a romantically sublime “sail”, but rather a “boat of languor”.
Yearning for an ideal, the languor of life presupposes a minor, depressed emotion; Lermontov has a “rebellious” sail, and behind this there is a challenge, disagreement, restlessness.
So, the general feeling from Balmont’s lyrics is spontaneity, an inexhaustible thirst for more and more new impressions, musicality, the ability to poetically exalt the inconstancy of moods of tastes, the fragmentation of the worldview.
Individual task No. 2
N. Gumilyov "Giraffe"
- What word did the poet find that struck you as readers?
- How does the poet further develop this impression?
- What creates the special musicality of a poem?
- What is the lyrical hero of this poem?
- Who is the one to whom the hero’s word is addressed?
Individual task No. 3
I. Annensky "After the concert" from his book "The Cypress Casket"
Poetry of mental suffering - this is how one can express the main impression from I. Annensky’s book “The Cypress Casket,” which the author was not destined to see published.
Suffering comes from the imperfection of the world and one’s own imperfection, from the fact that the soul, striving for happiness and beauty, cannot find harmony with the world.
The most subtle lyricist and poet, like few others, was able to convey complex feelings, elusive processes occurring in the soul.
Musical themes and images are often heard in Annensky’s poetry. The poet himself called music “the most immediate and most enchanting assurance of a person’s possibility of happiness.”
- To what extent does the tone of the poem correspond to this idea?
- Why did the concert that just ended leave only vague impressions?
- Why do amethysts appear at the end of the poem?
(Reference: amethysts are lilac and violet colored stones)
The sounds of a beautiful voice are called lilac. The epithets used by the poet (affectionate, starry, gentle, fiery) can be equally rightly attributed to a beautiful stone and to the sound of a beautiful voice. Both of them “perish without a trace” - without echo, without understanding, without sympathy.
The thing (amethyst beads) becomes in the poem a symbol that reveals the human condition, a symbol of misunderstanding of human indifference.
And the impossibility of happiness. The “promise of happiness” is not allowed to come true; the symbol helps to understand this:
...and tender and fiery
Amethysts roll into the dewy grass
And they die without a trace.
The impossibility of happiness is conveyed not only through language, but also through poetry.
(The verse suddenly and abruptly ends in the middle - instead of iambic hexameter, it has only 3 feet - like a sharp chord that ends the melody, hope, dream).
Individual task No. 4
And Akhmatova “Clenched her hands under a dark veil...”
What does the first gesture of the poem mean - “she clasped her hands under a dark veil”?
What is the significance of the "dialogue within dialogue" form in this poem?
How does the heroine explain the reason for her paleness?
What do you think is the reason for the hero’s departure?
What do you think is the psychological content of objects “involved” in a love match?
How do rhythmic means convey the heroine’s state at the moment of her lover’s departure?
What do the hero's farewell words mean?
Thus, in the lesson, you can use a variety of tasks and activities for students, which will enable them to realize their understanding of lyric poems, and will reveal to them “their poem,” “their poet.” Your Poetry.
Final word
In every soul, the word lives, burns, shines like a star in the sky, and, like a star, goes out when it, having completed its journey in life, leaves our lips. Then the power of this word, like the light of an extinguished star, flies to a person on his paths in space and time. The most amazing thing is that a master writer can take ordinary, well-known words and arrange them in a way that no one else can. The word seems to include "everything." But only a person can show how many shades of a word are hidden and revealed in his thoughts, feelings and in his actions. Human interpretations of the word are truly endless.
There is no oblivion
How not
Aging, fading,
And there is no stone either,
And there is no bronze either, -
In the involuntary change of years
There is time to breathe.
There is life
There is earthly light,
And there is a poet for us.
The reader, to some extent, puts himself in the place of the poet.
