Sentences with interrogative pronouns. Pronoun: examples

→ Declension of interrogative pronouns

Interrogative pronouns. Declension of interrogative pronouns

Interrogative pronouns indicate that the sentence contains a question.

For example:

What what is a day or a century before that which is infinite? (A. Fet)
On how wrote before they learned how to make paper from wood?

The pronoun “who” in an interrogative sentence refers to animate nouns denoting humans, animals; “what” - to inanimate nouns, meaning a question about an object, thing, phenomenon. The interrogative pronoun “whose” expresses the question of ownership; “what” - about a sign, quality; “how much” is a question about quantity, etc.

Interrogative pronouns vary in form. Among them there are noun pronouns ( who what) numeral pronouns ( How many), adjective pronouns ( which, which, whose). The pronouns of each of these groups have morphological characteristics of the part of speech that they replace.

Who? What? How many?

Interrogative pronouns “who”, “what”, “how many” change according to cases (like nouns and cardinal numerals). The pronouns “who”, “what” and “how many” do not have grammatical gender forms.

The predicate verb agrees with the pronoun “who” in the masculine singular: Who's come?(even if the answer talks about a woman or many people). The verb-predicate agrees with the pronoun “that” in the neuter singular: What was it? What happened?

Declension of interrogative pronouns “who”, “what”, “how many” (table)

Them.	Who	What	How many
Genus.	whom	what	how many
Dat.	to whom	why	how many
Vin.	whom	What	how many/how many
Creation	by whom	how	how many
Suggestion	(o)com	(about what	(about) how many

Example sentences:

Who this is my brother. Whom are you waiting? With whom you have said? I don't know, about whom you are asking.

What This? - Book. What He said? About what you think? What case?

How many how old are you? How many did the person come? How many kilometers to the city? How many times cities have you visited? How many Volumes of this essay? How many did you refuse people?

Which? Which? Whose?

The interrogative pronouns “which”, “which”, “whose” change like adjectives, by gender and number (which, which, which, which; which, which, which, which; whose, whose, whose, whose) And cases, that is, they are inclined.

Etymologically, the Russian interrogative pronoun " Which“is associated with the Lithuanian kõks - “which”, the Latin word qualis - “which” (remember the word “qualification” and the English quality) and refers to the question of quality, property, attribute.

Word " which"originally meant "which of the two." This word is Indo-European, compare with Lithuanian katràs - “which” (of two), Greek (Ionian) koteros - “which of two”, etc. Now it means: which one, from cash? For example: Which puppy are you getting?(which puppy is available)

Pronoun " whose"- possessive-interrogative, means a question about belonging to someone or something.

Declension of interrogative pronouns “which”, “which” in the masculine singular. number in the table (for other forms, see topic)

Them.	Which	which
Genus.	what	whom
Dat.	which one	to whom
Vin.		as Genus (animated) or as Im. (inanimate)
Creation	what	which
Suggestion	(about) what	(about which

Which What's the weather today? Forgot, Which today is the day.

Which hour? Which are you on the list?

Declension of the pronoun "whose"

Singular				Plural number for all genders
Case	Masculine	Neuter gender	Feminine	whose
Them.	whose	whose	whose	whose
Genus.	whose	whose	whose	whose
Dat.	whose	whose	whose	whose
Vin.		Them.	whose	as Im. (for inanimate) or Gen. (for animation)
Creation	whose	whose	whose	whose
Suggestion	(about) whose	(about) whose

04.03.2014.

Lesson topic. Interrogative and relative pronouns

Objectives: to familiarize with the features of interrogative and relative pronouns; develop the ability to distinguish interrogative from relative pronouns by finding them in the text; repeat information about complex sentences; instill attention when working.

During the classes

I. homework survey

Checking 2 essays, a dictionary compiled by students.

II. Updating of reference knowledge

Frontal survey “snake”

One student names a rank, the next one gives an example for this rank, etc.

III. Setting lesson goals and objectives

IV. Explanation of new material

There is a table on the board.

What? In interrogative sentences.

Who is the head in this house? What's in declarative complex sentences.

I know who's boss

1. Task

Write down examples of sentences, write down the categories of pronouns.

2. Graphic dictation

Write schematically simple sentences with interrogative pronouns and complex sentences with relative pronouns.

1) Who is running there?

2) What kind of expanse?

4) What the grandfather was thinking about, the grandson understood perfectly well.

5) What was he thinking about?

Check with explanation

V. Consolidation of material 1. Commented dictation

1. What are butterflies? 2. A fish swam to him and asked: “What do you want, elder?” (A. ) 3. How many bitter tears did I shed? 4. And you yourself ask them what they are happy about (V. ). 5. He noticed a man walking quickly towards the forest.

2. Dictation “test yourself” (1 student works at a closed board)

Find the pronouns, write the categories. Explain punctuation marks.

At night, many animals go hunting: ferrets, foxes, wolves. Their amazing vision helps them find food. But there are birds whose vision is sharper than those of these animals. Who are they? Owls and eagle owls.

Owls see best of all because their eyes can detect even the faintest light. Their keen hearing also helps them out. The owl's ear can even hear the rustling of mouse paws from afar.

(Based on the book “Why”)

The teacher checks the dictation on the board, then opens to the whole class.

3. Constructing sentences

Write 2-4 sentences with interrogative and relative pronouns about nature.

VI. Lesson summary

VII. Homework

Theory according to the textbook. Page 248 exercise 788

A pronoun is a special class of significant words that indicate an object without naming it. To avoid tautology in speech, the speaker can use a pronoun. Examples: I, yours, who, this, everyone, most, all, myself, mine, other, another, that, somehow, someone, something, etc.

As can be seen from the examples, pronouns are most often used instead of a noun, as well as instead of an adjective, numeral or adverb.

Pronouns are typically divided into categories according to meaning. This part of speech is focused on names. In other words, pronouns replace nouns, adjectives, and numerals. However, the peculiarity of pronouns is that, replacing names, they do not acquire their meaning. According to established tradition, only modifiable words are considered pronouns. All unchangeable words are treated as pronominal adverbs.

This article will present the meaning and grammatical features, as well as examples of sentences in which certain pronouns are used.

Table of pronouns by category

Personal pronouns	I, you, we, you, he, she, it, they
Reflexive pronoun
Possessive pronouns	my, yours, ours, yours, yours
Demonstrative pronouns	this, that, such, so much
Determinative pronouns	himself, most, all, every, each, any, other, other
Interrogative pronouns	who, what, which, which, whose, how many, which
Relative pronouns	who, what, how, which, which, whose, how many, which
Negative pronouns	no one, nothing, none, nobody, no one, nothing
Indefinite pronouns	someone, something, some, some, several, some, anyone, anyone, anything, some, some

Pronouns are divided into three categories:

Pronominal nouns.
Pronominal adjectives.
Pronominal numerals.

Personal pronouns

Words indicating persons and objects that are participants in a speech act are called “personal pronouns.” Examples: I, you, we, you, he, she, it, they. I, you, we, you denote participants in verbal communication. The pronouns he, she, they do not participate in the speech act; they are reported to the speaker as non-participants in the speech act.

I know what you want to tell me. (Participant in a speech act, object.)
You must read all the fiction on the list. (The subject to whom the action is directed.)
We had a wonderful holiday this year! (Participants in a speech act, subjects.)
You played your role perfectly! (Addressee, object to which the address is directed in a speech act.)
He prefers a quiet pastime. (Non-participant in the speech act.)
Will she definitely go to America this summer? (Non-participant in the speech act.)
They jumped with a parachute for the first time in their lives and were very pleased. (Non-participant in the speech act.)

Attention! The pronouns his, her, their, depending on the context, can be used both as possessive and personal pronouns.

Compare:

He was not at school today, neither for the first nor for the last lesson. - His performance at school depends on how often he attends classes. (In his first sentence there is a personal pronoun in the genitive case, in his second sentence there is a possessive pronoun.)
I asked her to keep this conversation between us. “She ran, her hair fluttered in the wind, and her silhouette was getting lost and lost with every second, moving away and dissolving in the light of day.
You should always ask them to turn the music down. “Their dog very often howls at night, as if grieving for some unbearable grief of his.

Reflexive pronoun

The pronoun oneself belongs to this category - it indicates the person of the object or addressee, which is identified with the actor. This function is performed by reflexive pronouns. Example sentences:

I have always considered myself the happiest in the whole wide world.
She constantly admires herself.
He doesn't like to make mistakes and trusts only himself.

Can I keep this kitten with me?

Possessive pronouns

A word indicating that a person or thing belongs to another person or thing is called a “possessive pronoun.” Example: mine, yours, ours, yours, yours. Possessive pronouns indicate belonging to the speaker, interlocutor or non-participant in the act of speech.

My the decision always turns out to be the most correct.
Yours wishes will definitely be fulfilled.
Our The dog behaves very aggressively towards passers-by.
Is yours the choice will be yours.
Finally I got mine present!
Their keep your thoughts to yourself.
My the city misses me and I feel how much I miss it.

Words like her, him, them can act as a personal pronoun in or as possessive pronoun. Example sentences:

Their the car is parked at the entrance. - They were not in the city for 20 years.
His the bag is lying on the chair. - He was asked to bring tea.
Her the house is located in the city center. - She was made the queen of the evening.

The possessive pronoun also indicates that a person (object) belongs to a group of objects. Example:

Our I will remember our joint trips for a long time!

Demonstrative pronouns

The demonstrative is the second name that bears the demonstrative pronoun. Examples: this, that, such, so much. These words distinguish this or that object (person) from a number of other similar objects, persons or signs. This function is performed by the demonstrative pronoun. Examples:

This The novel is much more interesting and informative than all those I have read before. (Pronoun this distinguishes one object from a number of similar ones, indicates the peculiarity of this object.)

Pronoun This also performs this function.

This sea, these mountains, This the sun will forever remain in my memory as the brightest memory.

However, you should be careful when determining the part of speech and not confuse the demonstrative pronoun with a particle!

Compare examples of demonstrative pronouns:

This it was excellent! - Did you play the role of a fox in a school play? (In the first case, This is a pronoun and fulfills the predicate. In the second case This- the particle does not have a syntactic role in the sentence.)
That the house is much older and more beautiful than this one. (Pronoun That highlights an object, points to it.)
Neither such, no other option suited him. (Pronoun such helps to concentrate attention on one of many subjects.)
So many once he stepped on the same rake, and again repeats everything all over again. (Pronoun so many emphasizes the repetition of the action.)

Determinative pronouns

Examples of pronouns: himself, most, all, every, each, any, other, other. This category is divided into subcategories, each of which includes the following pronouns:

1.Himself, the most- pronouns that have an excretory function. They elevate the object in question and individualize it.

Myself the director, Alexander Yaroslavovich, was present at the party.
He was offered the most a highly paid and prestigious job in our city.
The most The greatest happiness in life is to love and be loved.
Self Her Majesty condescended to praise me.

2.All- a pronoun that has the meaning of breadth of coverage of the characteristics of a person, object or characteristic.

All the city came to see him perform.
All The road passed in remorse and the desire to return home.
All the sky was covered with clouds, and not a single clearing was visible.

3. Anyone, everyone, anyone- pronouns denoting freedom of choice from several objects, persons or characteristics (if they exist at all).

Semyon Semenovich Laptev is a master of his craft - this is for you any will say.
Any a person is capable of achieving what he wants, the main thing is to make an effort and not be lazy.
Each blade of grass every the petal breathed life, and this desire for happiness was transmitted to me more and more.
All sorts of things the word he said turned against him, but he did not seek to correct it.

4.Different, different- pronouns that have meanings that are not identical to what was said earlier.

I chose other a path that was more accessible to me.
Imagine another If you were me, would you do the same?
IN other Once he comes home, silently, eats and goes to bed, today everything was different...
The medal has two sides - another I did not notice.

Interrogative pronouns

Examples of pronouns: who, what, which, which, whose, how many, which.

Interrogative pronouns contain questions about persons, objects or phenomena, quantities. A question mark is usually placed at the end of a sentence that contains an interrogative pronoun.

Who was that man who came to see us this morning?
What what will you do when the summer exams are over?
What there should be a portrait of an ideal person, and how do you imagine him?
Which out of these three people could know what really happened?
Whose is this a briefcase?
How much does a red dress cost? which did you come to school yesterday?
Which your favorite time of year?
Whose I saw a child in the yard yesterday?
How Do you think I should enroll in the Faculty of International Relations?

Relative pronouns

Examples of pronouns: who, what, how, which, which, whose, how many, which.

Attention! These pronouns can act as both relative and interrogative pronouns, depending on whether they are used in a particular context. In a complex sentence (CSS), only the relative pronoun is used. Examples:

How are you making sponge cake with cherry filling? - She told how she prepares a pie with cherry filling.

In the first case How - the pronoun has an interrogative function, i.e. the subject concludes a question about a certain object and the method of obtaining it. In the second case, the pronoun How is used as a relative pronoun and acts as a connecting word between the first and second simple sentences.

Who knows in which does the sea flow into the Volga River? “He didn’t know who this man was and what could be expected from him.
What do you need to do to get a good job? - He knew what to do in order to get a well-paid job.

What- pronoun - used both as a relative and as an interrogative pronoun, depending on the context.

What what are we going to do tonight? - You said that today we should visit our grandmother.

To accurately determine the category of pronouns when choosing between relative and interrogative, you need to remember that the interrogative pronoun in a sentence can be replaced by a verb, a noun, or a numeral, depending on the context. The relative pronoun cannot be replaced.

What do you want for dinner today? - I would like vermicelli for dinner.
Which do you like the color? - Do you like the color purple?
Whose is this a house? - Is this mom's house?
Which are you in line? -Are you eleventh in line?
How many do you have any candy? - Do you have six sweets?

The situation is similar with the pronoun than. Compare examples of relative pronouns:

What to do on the weekend? - He completely forgot what I wanted to do this for the weekend. (As we see, in the second version the pronoun how is included in the category of relative and performs a connecting function between two parts of a complex sentence.)
How did you get into my house yesterday? - Anna Sergeevna looked questioningly at the boy and did not understand how he got into her house.
How does it feel to realize that you are in trouble? - I know from myself what it’s like to realize that your plans are collapsing quickly and irrevocably.
How many times do I ask you not to do this again? “She has already lost count of the number of times her son brought his class teacher to tears.
Whose car is parked at the gate of my house? “He was at a loss, so he couldn’t figure out whose idea it was to provoke a fight.
How much is this Persian kitten worth? - He was told how much a red Persian kitten costs.
Who knows what year the Battle of Borodino took place? - Three students raised their hands: they knew in what year the Battle of Borodino took place.

Some scientists propose to combine relative and interrogative pronouns into one category and call them “interrogative-relative pronouns.” Examples:

Who is there? - He didn't see who was here.

However, at present it has not yet been possible to reach a general agreement, and the categories of interrogative and relative pronouns continue to exist separately from each other.

Negative pronouns

Examples of pronouns: no one, nothing, none, nobody, no one, nothing. Negative pronouns mean the absence of persons, objects, and also to indicate their negative characteristics.

Nobody didn't know what to expect from him.
Nothing he was not interested enough to devote his whole life to this matter.
No debt and none money couldn't keep him from running away.
A lonely dog ran along the road, and it seemed that it never had an owner, a home or tasty food in the morning; She was draw.
He tried to find excuses for himself, but it turned out that everything happened precisely on his initiative, and no one was to blame for this.
He was completely nothing to do, so he walked slowly in the rain past the glowing shop windows and watched the oncoming cars passing by.

Indefinite pronouns

An indefinite pronoun is formed from interrogative or relative pronouns. Examples: someone, something, some, some, several, some, anyone, anyone, anything, some, some. Indefinite pronouns contain the meaning of an unknown, undefined person or thing. Also, indefinite pronouns have the meaning of deliberately hidden information that the speaker specifically does not want to communicate.

Examples for comparison:

Someone's a voice rang out in the darkness, and I didn’t quite understand who it belonged to: a man or an animal. (Lack of information from the speaker.) - This letter was from my no one an acquaintance who had been absent from our city for a long time and was now planning to come. (Information deliberately hidden from listeners.)
Something the incredible happened that night: the wind tore and tossed leaves from the trees, lightning flashed and pierced the sky. (Instead of something You can substitute indefinite pronouns with similar meaning: something, something.)
Some of my friends consider me a strange and wonderful person: I don’t strive to earn a lot of money and live in a small old house on the edge of the village . (Pronoun some can be replaced by the following pronouns: some, several.)
Some a pair of shoes, a backpack and a tent were already packed and were waiting for us to pack up and leave far, far from the city. (The subject does not specify the number of objects, but generalizes their number.)
Some people informed me that you received the letter, but do not want to acknowledge it volume.(The speaker deliberately hides all information about the face.)
If anyone I saw this man, please report this to the police!
Anyone knows what Natasha Rostova and Andrei Bolkonsky talked about at the ball?
When will you see anything interesting, don’t forget to write down your observations in a notebook.
Some Moments in learning English remained incomprehensible to me, then I returned to the previous lesson and tried to go through it again. (Intentional concealment of information by the speaker.)
How long I still had some money in my wallet, but I didn’t remember how much. (Lack of information about the subject from the speaker.)

Grammatical grades of pronouns

Grammatically, pronouns are divided into three categories:

Pronominal noun.
Pronominal adjective.
Pronominal numeral.

TO pronominal noun These categories of pronouns include: personal, reflexive, interrogative, negative, indefinite. All these categories are similar in their grammatical properties to nouns. However, pronominal nouns have certain features that a pronoun does not have. Examples:

I came to you . (In this case, this is the masculine gender, which we determined by the past tense verb with a zero ending). - You came to me. (Gender is determined by the ending of the verb “came” - feminine,

As you can see from the example, some pronouns do not have a gender category. In this case, the genus can be restored logically, based on the situation.

Other pronouns of the listed categories have a gender category, but it does not reflect the real relationships of persons and objects. For example, the pronoun Who always combined with a verb in the masculine past tense.

Who was the first woman to travel into space?
Ready or not, here I come.
She knew who would be the next contender for her hand and heart.

The pronoun that is used with neuter nouns of the past tense.

What allowed you to do this act?
He had no idea that something similar to his story could be happening somewhere.

Pronoun He has generic forms, but gender here acts as a classification form, and not as a nominative form.

TO pronominal adjective These include demonstrative, attributive, interrogative, relative, negative, and indefinite pronouns. They all answer the question Which? and are likened to adjectives in their properties. They have dependent forms of number and case.

This tiger cub is the fastest in the zoo.

Pronominal numerals include pronouns as much as, several. They are likened in their meaning when combined with nouns.

How many books have you read this summer?
I now had so many opportunities!
My grandmother left some hot pies for me.

Attention! However, in combination with verbs, pronouns how many, as many, several are used as adverbs.

How much is this orange blouse worth?
You can only spend that much on vacation.
I thought a little about how to live and what to do next.

Pronoun who(who) is used in relation to people. There are two forms of this pronoun:

Who(Who)– nominative case form.

Who are you? - Who are you?

Who is there? - Who's there?

Whom(whom)– form of the objective case.

In modern English this form is almost never used and is usually replaced by the simpler who:

Whom (who) do you teach? – Who are you teaching?

Whom (who) did you ask the question? – Who did you ask the question to?

Interrogative pronoun What

Pronoun what(which) refers to inanimate objects, inanimate concepts.

What is it? - What is this?

What did you see in the sky? -What did you see in the sky?

What are you talking about? - What are you talking about?

What is the most important part of our plan? – Which part of our plan is the most important?

The role of the pronouns Who and What in a sentence

Pronouns in a sentence who, what can be used as:

Subject

Who wants to be a millionaire? – Who wants to be a millionaire?

What are you having troubles? - What's bothering you?

Parts of a compound predicate

Who is this man? - Who is this man?

What was it? - What was it?

Add-ons

Who are you looking at? - Who are you looking at?

What are you looking for? - What are you looking for?

In the latter case (object), the preposition, if there is one, usually appears at the end of the interrogative sentence after the verb.

Compare:

Statement: I am looking at the picture. – I’m looking at the picture.
Question: What are you looking at? - What are you looking at?
Statement: She is talking about you. - She's talking about you.
Question: Who is she talking about? -Who is she talking about?

Interrogative pronoun Which

Interrogative pronoun which(which, which) can refer to both living and non-living objects; it is used when talking about one object out of several (much like the Russian “which”). Unlike what and who, the pronoun which is usually used together with the name of the subject being defined:

Which dog is yours? – What (which) dog is yours?

Which of you started the fight? -Which one of you started the fight?

Which hat is her favorite one? – Which hat is her favorite?

Interrogative pronoun Whose

The pronoun whose means “whose,” “whose,” and can refer to both living persons and inanimate objects.

Whose son are? -Whose son are you?

Whose dog were you feeding? – Whose dog did you feed?

Whose hammer is it? - Whose hammer is this?

Whose footprints are these? -Whose tracks are these?

The role of the pronouns Which and Whose in a sentence

The pronouns which and whose in a sentence play the role of modifiers and are used with a qualifying noun.

Which card did you pick? – Which card did you choose?

Whose pass is it? - Whose pass is this?

Often which and whose are used with the pronoun one, replacing an already mentioned or implied noun.

We have nine sorts of tea, which one(one instead of sort) would you like? – We have nine types of tea, which one would you like?

We've interviewed five candidates. Which one(one instead of candidate) do you like more? – We interviewed five candidates. Which one do you like best?

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