Presentation on the topic: Organization of individual support for pupils with disabilities in preschool educational institutions. Comprehensive support for children with disabilities in an inclusive preschool group

Kosikova Anastasia Olegovna, senior teacher of the MADOU "Kindergarten No. 9" Klenok "Perm Territory, Solikamsk.
Every child is special, that's for sure. And yet there are children who are referred to as "special" not to emphasize the uniqueness of their abilities, but to indicate the special needs that distinguish them. At the present stage, an understanding of their problems has been formed, respect and recognition of their rights to education, a desire and willingness to include them in the children's community, and not hide them behind the walls of a special institution or leave them at home, sitting by the window and watching their peers. Today, the administration and teachers of our preschool institution accept children with special educational needs, regardless of their social status, physical, emotional and intellectual development; create special conditions for all children, including those with disabilities. Children with disabilities today do not have to attend special institutions, on the contrary, they can better adapt to life in a general education preschool institution. It will allow healthy children to develop tolerance and responsibility. One of the most important conditions for the transition to an inclusive form of education is the support and support of children with disabilities. Support functions in our preschool institution are assigned to the psychological, medical and pedagogical council, which enables teachers and specialists to actively interact with each other.

Publication date: 10/13/2014

Organization of support for children with disabilities in the context of the implementation of inclusive practice in a general educational preschool institution.

Every child is special, that's for sure. And yet there are children who are referred to as "special" not to emphasize the uniqueness of their abilities, but to indicate the special needs that distinguish them. At the present stage, an understanding of their problems has been formed, respect and recognition of their rights to education, a desire and willingness to include them in the children's community, and not hide them behind the walls of a special institution or leave them at home, sitting by the window and watching their peers.

“The education of children with special needs is one of the main tasks for the country. This is a necessary condition for creating a truly inclusive society, where everyone can feel the involvement and relevance of their actions.” (David Blanket)

Inclusiveeducation is a term used to describe the process of educating children with special needs in general education institutions.

The idea of inclusive education implies that it is not the child who should prepare for inclusion in the education system, but the system itself should be ready for the inclusion of any child (Ch.A. Dzhumagulova).

Today, the administration and teachers of our preschool institution accept children with special educational needs, regardless of their social status, physical, emotional and intellectual development; create special conditions for all children, including those with disabilities.

Children with disabilities today do not have to attend special institutions, on the contrary, they can better adapt to life in a general education preschool institution. It will allow healthy children to develop tolerance and responsibility.

When organizing work with such children, the staff of our institution faced the following tasks:

Creation of a common educational space as comfortable as possible for all preschoolers;

Assistance to a child with disabilities in solving urgent problems of development, socialization;

Development of psychological and pedagogical competence and psychological culture of teachers and parents.

One of the most important conditions for the transition to an inclusive form of education is support and support for children with disabilities. Building an effective support system will make it possible to solve the problems of the development of children within the educational environment of the institution, to avoid unreasonable referral of the child to external services.

Support functions in our preschool institution are assigned to the psychological, medical and pedagogical council, which enables teachers and specialists to actively interact with each other.

The activities of the council are carried out according to the developed plan, which includes three stages:

Preparatory (October)
Interim (December)
Final (May)

During the year, scheduled (three meetings according to the stages of work) and unscheduled meetings of the council are held. Unscheduled meetings are held at the request of specialists organizing correctional and developmental work with children, as well as at the request of parents (legal representatives) of pupils of preschool educational institutions.

The council participates in the development of an individual educational route, monitors the dynamics of the development of a child with disabilities, and, if necessary, makes the necessary adjustments. Members of the council help teachers in choosing appropriate methods and means of teaching, and, if necessary, advise parents.

In our preschool institution, individual support is carried out in stages:

1. Collection and analysis of information about a child with disabilities;
2. Compilation of IEM (individual educational route);
3. Solving assigned tasks;
4. Analysis of the child's development situation, adjustment of further actions.

When a child with disabilities enters a preschool institution, teachers get to know the child himself and his family, learn about the characteristics, interests, strengths and weaknesses of their pupil, and a gradual establishment of contact takes place. The medical record of the child is studied, a diagnostic examination is carried out.

The decision on the need for accompaniment can be made at the request of the parents (legal representatives) of a child with disabilities and / or on the basis of the conclusion of the psychological, medical and pedagogical council of the preschool educational institution (PMPC).

On the basis of the Regulations on working with children with disabilities, an internal institutional document was developed in a preschool institution - an individual educational route.

Individual educational route - this is a document that regulates and determines the content of correctional and developmental activities with a child who has problems in mental and physical development and a family raising such a child.

An individual educational route is compiled taking into account the characteristics of a preschooler (health status, level of physical development, features of the development of mental processes, the level of assimilation of the program), and includes the following areas of work:

formation of self-service skills;
communicative activity;
educational activities;
relationship ethics.

IOM is filled out once a quarter, based on the results of intermediate diagnostics. We must introduce it to the parents of a child with disabilities.

At this stage, there is consistent work with the preschooler to enter the social life of the preschool educational institution, the gradual inclusion of the child in various educational situations and regime moments.

Here it is important not to forget that the help of teachers should be reasonably dosed, be of a guiding nature and encourage the child to be independent, it is necessary to support the child, to give him the opportunity to feel his successes.

Throughout the work, specialists and teachers keep a diary of dynamic observation, in which they track the dynamics of the development of a child with disabilities. This document allows you to objectively assess the capabilities of the child; identify issues that need to be addressed; formulate specific tasks in working with this child.

Depending on the results of the interim examination, teachers make timely changes to the IEM, for better implementation of the educational process and its effectiveness for a child with disabilities.

In 2013, on the basis of our preschool institution, an open demonstration of a meeting of the Psychological-Medical-Pedagogical Council was held as part of the work of the problem group "Kindergarten - Primary School", which was attended by representatives of the Department for the Development of Preschool Education and teachers from other educational institutions. With the permission of the parents of a child with disabilities, who are also present at the meeting of the council, the entire package of documents for this child is shown. The experience of the preschool institution with children with disabilities was presented to the city and received positive feedback.

This organization of work is suitable for all categories of children with disabilities, and contributes to:

1. Creation of comfortable conditions for finding a child with disabilities in preschool;

2. Socialization - the inclusion of the child in the peer environment, in the life of the group, preschool educational institution, the formation of positive relationships in the peer group.

3. Assistance in the assimilation of the relevant general education programs.

4. Ensuring the continuity and consistency of different specialists in working with the child.

5. Tracking the dynamics of the development of a child with disabilities.

6. Implementation of interaction with parents.

In conclusion, I would like to say that with the accumulation of practical experience and an increase in the theoretical knowledge of teachers and specialists of a preschool institution, the work on individual support for children with disabilities is constantly being improved.

We would like to end our speech with the words of the famous Canadian teacher Jean Vanier, the founder of the Ark humanitarian organization for people with mental development problems:

“We excluded this part of the people from society,

and we must return them back to society, because

that they can teach us something.”

Comprehensive support for children with disabilities in an inclusive group of preschool educational institutions

Belgorod MDOU kindergarten of combined type No. 81

In the modern world, the number of children with disabilities who experience difficulties in mastering the preschool program is increasing. They need to create special conditions for education and upbringing, and there is a need for comprehensive support for such children in the conditions of preschool institutions.

In our kindergarten, comprehensive support for children with disabilities is based on the interaction of special services of the kindergarten: psychological - medical - pedagogical commission, teachers - speech therapists, teachers - psychologists, medical workers, physical education instructors, group educators with mandatory involvement in the educational process families of children with disabilities.

The main form of co-organization of these subjects is the medical-psychological-pedagogical council, which functions in accordance with the developed plan of activity. The council provides a discussion of the progress of the intermediate results of the correctional and developmental impact, analyzes the dynamics of the development of children, corrects the content of classes, their forms, and develops recommendations for further work.

Teachers - speech therapists diagnose the speech of children and, in case of violations, plan, develop and organize a program of speech therapy support.

Teachers-psychologists develop programs to create health-saving and correctional-developing conditions in kindergarten in terms of maintaining and strengthening the psychological health of children with disabilities of preschool age.

Medical workers carry out medical and preventive work to improve the health of children and advise a physical education instructor who conducts massage and physiotherapy sessions with children with disabilities. A physical education instructor must take into account the characteristics of each pupil, have medical examination data, constantly consult with a doctor and plan physical activity in a differentiated way.

Group educators conduct classes on developmental and correctional programs, applying the principle of an individual approach to children with disabilities.

In our preschool educational institution, work with the family occupies one of the main places in the system of comprehensive support for children with developmental disabilities. The experience of our work shows that a family where a child with disabilities grows and is brought up requires special care and attention, since the child's condition is a mental trauma for parents as well.

As part of the psychological and pedagogical support for parents, lectures, seminars, and conversations are held, where they are introduced to the characteristics of the development of children and caring for them, form an understanding of the child's problems in intellectual, speech, mental and physical development, teach methods of education and special skills of interaction with children taking into account the individual characteristics of the child.

The main purpose of these conversations is to equip parents with a variety of practical knowledge and skills that they may need in the process of living and raising children with disabilities in the family.

A special place in the accompaniment of families raising children with developmental problems is occupied by consultations of a psychologist, defectologist, speech therapist. So, psychologist's consultations are aimed at optimizing intra-family relations, forming a positive view of the child in parents, strengthening the parents' faith in the possibility and prospects for the development of the child.

A speech therapist teacher talks about the general rules for organizing a speech regime at home - a slow pace of speech, intelligibility, literacy, accessibility. The speech therapist necessarily aims parents at systematic and long-term work with the child.

As part of the comprehensive support for children with disabilities in our kindergarten, a concept is being developed for a special psychological and pedagogical adaptation and rehabilitation of children with disabilities in a combined preschool institution.

The team maintains information contacts with the participants of the international project "Special Pedagogy" - teachers and scientists from educational institutions in Dusseldorf, Cologne, Essen, Krefeld North Rhine - Westphalia (Germany). As part of this activity, the study of foreign theoretical and practical experience of integrating children with disabilities into the environment of healthy peers was carried out.

In September 2007, a special integrated group was created in the kindergarten, it has 13 children: five of them are children with special educational needs and eight are their normally developing peers.

During the day, children interacted with each other not only in the classroom, but also in all types of activities, i.e., integration took place in all directions.

Despite the fact that the fact that healthy preschoolers, due to their age, have not yet developed the dismissive or wary attitude towards the disabled, which is widespread in our society, may be the key to the success of integration, it should be recognized that the natural interest and desire to have close contact with an unusual peer also did not have. Such a child may be perceived as boring, sad, angry, cautious, younger and stupid. Therefore, the need to communicate with him must be stimulated. To do this, a conversation of a moral order is not enough. It is necessary to constantly include children in joint activities.

We considered the determining mechanism of corrective action to be the emotional support of children with special educational needs, which they received through awareness of the similarity of their own and other people's needs, moods, desires, experiences. We tried to create conditions for children in which positive contact would be established between healthy and special children.

In her classes, the psychologist used various game methods, dramatization, art therapy methods. Such classes fulfilled important tasks of the direction that we chose to support special children: 1) they cheered up, set the tone and formed a desire to communicate, and 2) helped to acquire communication skills, to become aware of themselves and others.

1st direction: the main role is assigned to work with children with disabilities by narrow specialists. The work is aimed at the rehabilitation of a disabled child through the impact on visual, auditory, emotional and other channels - communication, and is carried out through music classes, visual arts, educational games with elements of speech development, speech therapy classes, psychological classes, exercise therapy classes.

2nd direction: the main attention is paid to the integration of children into society. This approach is two-sided and involves mutual movement: the readiness of society to “accept” a disabled person and, on the other hand, the readiness and ability of a disabled person to build their relationship with society. The work is structured as follows: public opinion is formed towards people with disabilities through various forms (organization of joint events, stands, newspapers about people with special needs; joint classes, games, walks).

3rd direction: work with parents of both healthy and special children. The interaction of normally developing and special children is undoubtedly greatly influenced by their parents. Children project the behavior of their parents into life, therefore, the attitude of normally developing children to their special peers depends on the attitude towards people with disabilities in each individual family.

When creating an integrated group, the parents of healthy children (the parents of special children were not opposed in advance) were asked for their consent to raise children in this group.

And after some time it turned out whether the parents see the difference between the mass and the integrated group; whether the parents are satisfied with the stay of their children in kindergarten and whether the child attends the group with pleasure.

Absolutely all parents (both healthy and special children) noted that they are satisfied with the children visiting the integrated group, and the children go to the garden with pleasure. Parents saw the difference between the mass and this group in a more calm, balanced, comfortable psychological climate and in an attentive individual approach to children, but not in external, regime or any other differences.

4th direction: establishment of close effective interdepartmental relations with various institutions to accompany children with disabilities. Disabled children visit special institutions for their main diagnosis and are observed in the polyclinic by their attending physician.

Significant changes were also required by the subject-developing environment of the preschool educational institution. Improving the developing environment, we paid attention not only to the microenvironment (group rooms), but also to the macroenvironment (other premises of the preschool educational institution). In addition to specially equipped rooms for specialists (teacher-psychologist, teachers-speech therapists), a massage room and an exercise therapy corner were equipped.

In equipping the developing environment of the integrated group, recommendations, methodological developments and didactic materials of the German teacher Dr. Christel Rittmeyer were used.

Thus, the entire process of upbringing and education was aimed at facilitating adaptation to the environment of normally developing peers of special pupils and providing them with the degree of integration that is useful and accessible to each of them at this stage of development.

Analyzing their work, the team noted that the tasks were completed, the goal was achieved, children with disabilities were released into mass classes of general education schools. Undoubtedly, a team of healthy peers had a positive effect on children with special educational needs. Special children, previously limited in contacts with their peers, began to learn the world in a new way. Even if for some reason they did not participate in the game with healthy children, it was a great pleasure for them to simply watch them, discuss the game with an adult, and give advice. And if in a game or in a lesson a special child gave the correct answer that healthy peers did not know, this raised his self-esteem, filled him with joy for the whole day.

The music lessons and the walk were replenished with a new meaning - the children who came from the mass group brought new ideas and games. All this gave a powerful impetus to the development of special children.

As for normally developing children, communication with special peers gave them the opportunity to see the world around them in a new way, to understand that people can be different, but each person has the right to communication, friendship, respect.

Healthy children realized that their special peers also want to play, communicate, make friends, but due to their physical defects they cannot always express it. The children remembered that special peers should not be offended, laughed at.

Some results of the work can be viewed in the diagram:

1. Taking the initiative of normally developing children to come into contact with children with disabilities.

2. Desire for normally developing children to play together with children with disabilities.

3. The desire of normally developing children to help children with disabilities in everyday life.

4. The desire of children with disabilities to play with normally developing children.

5. The number of children with disabilities taking an active part in the activities of the preschool educational institution: matinees, entertainment, competitions, etc.

The experience of raising older children in a group of combined orientation for 2 years suggested the possibility of earlier integration, which will help a child with disabilities achieve an equal or close level of general and speech development in terms of the age norm and allow him to merge into the environment normally at an earlier stage of his development - developing peers.

Therefore, in September 2009, on the basis of the 1st junior integrated group, a new experiment "Education of tolerant interpersonal relations in a group of combined orientation in an inclusive education of a preschool educational institution" was opened.

Currently, the development and testing of correctional and developmental methods used in the process of education and upbringing, the development of a system for the interaction of social services in working with children with disabilities to form their basic social knowledge, skills and abilities.

The team of teachers of the preschool educational institution is convinced that the social adaptation and integration of children with disabilities into the environment of healthy peers plays one of the most important roles in the comprehensive support of special children.

Until recently, such a term as "children with disabilities" was not used. The fact that the upbringing of children with disabilities in kindergarten should be considered as an important and integral part of the educational process began to be talked about a lot after the law “On Education in Russian Federation» dated 2012.

Children with disabilities: what is it?

According to the law, students with disabilities are persons who have deficiencies in physical and / or psychological development that do not allow them to receive education without creating special conditions. An important point is that the shortcomings must be confirmed by the psychological-medical-pedagogical commission (PMPC), without the conclusion of which the child cannot receive the status of a student with disabilities.

speech,
hearing,
vision,
musculoskeletal system,
intellect,
mental functions.

How to organize the education of children with disabilities and children with disabilities?

Responsible Elena Kutepova, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Deputy Director of the Institute for Problems of Inclusive Education, Moscow State Psychological and Pedagogical University

This category of children with disabilities includes preschoolers with delayed or complex developmental disorders, as well as with severe behavioral and emotional-volitional disorders, which is manifested by such signs:

hyperactivity;
neuroses;
fears;
increased anxiety;
fast fatiguability;
violations of self-service skills;
social maladaptation, difficulties in establishing emotional contacts;
the child's tendency to monotonous actions - motor, speech, etc.

A child with disabilities in kindergarten is characterized by lower performance compared to peers, low socialization and self-esteem. As a rule, the adaptation and training of such children is slower and more difficult. That is why teachers should make every effort so that the baby does not suffer from the realization that he is different from other children, is accepted by them and is included in the educational process.

Often there is confusion in the definition of the concepts of "a child with disabilities" and "a child with a disability". What is the difference? “Disabled child” has a narrower meaning, while the concept of “children with disabilities” includes both children with disabilities and children with developmental disabilities, which are confirmed by the PMPK.

Types of violations in children with disabilities who have the right to receive preschool education

According to the approved classification, the following types of violations of the main functions of the body are distinguished:

mental processes - impaired memory, attention, speech, thinking, emotions;
sensory functions - impaired hearing, vision, touch, smell;
functions of metabolism, respiration, circulation, excretion, internal secretion, digestion;
static dynamic function.

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There is a psychological and pedagogical classification of children belonging to the system of special education:

with developmental disorders caused by organic lesions of the central nervous system and the functioning of visual, auditory, speech, motor analyzers;
with developmental disabilities - have the above violations, but the limitations of their capabilities are less pronounced;
with significant developmental disabilities.

Categories of children with disabilities

The pedagogical classification of violations distinguishes the following categories of children with deviations from the norm of development:

hearing (deaf, hard of hearing, late deaf);
vision (blind, visually impaired);
speech to varying degrees;
intellect;
psychoverbal development;
emotional-volitional sphere.

There is also a classification according to the degree of dysfunction and adaptation capabilities.

The first degree is development with mild or moderate dysfunction, pathologies can be indications for recognition of disability or completely disappear with proper upbringing and training.
The second degree corresponds to the third group of adult disability. Violations are pronounced and relate to the functioning of organs and systems. Such children need to create special conditions, since their social adaptation is limited.
The third degree corresponds to the second group of adult disability. Strongly expressed violations give serious limitations to the capabilities of the child.
The fourth degree - violations of the functions of organs and systems are so sharp that the child is socially maladjusted. The damage is irreversible. The efforts of doctors, families and teachers are aimed at preventing a critical condition.

Children with disabilities who have the following disorders can receive preschool education in the kindergarten group:

hearing, speech, vision;
impaired mental function;
mental state;
musculoskeletal system;
pedagogical neglect;
psychopathic behavior;
severe forms of allergies;
frequent common illnesses.

The listed violations must be presented in a mild form, otherwise the child needs to be under the supervision of parents.

Inclusive education: groups of combined and compensatory orientation

The term "inclusive education" appeared in the legislative framework of the Russian Federation in 2012, before that it was not used. Its introduction is caused by the need to develop and implement social policy directions related to the growth in the number of children with disabilities.

In recent years, the number of children with disabilities continues to grow. Therefore, new directions in social policy are designed to make their education in preschool institutions and schools more comfortable. The basis for the development of this area are relevant scientific approaches, detailed legal mechanisms, demanded material and technical means, public and national programs, and high qualification of teachers.

Inclusive education should be built around the desire to create favorable conditions for children with disabilities, thanks to which they receive equal opportunities with their peers in obtaining education and building their lives. The implementation of this task involves the construction of a "barrier-free" educational environment.

On the way to the introduction of inclusive education, certain difficulties arise:

the attitude of other children towards a child with disabilities, which can cause psychological trauma;
educators do not always master the ideology of inclusive education, correctly implement teaching methods;
parents may be opposed to the inclusion of special children in the group;
often children with disabilities require additional attention and cannot always fully adapt to normal conditions.

Combined orientation groups imply the inclusion of children with health problems (visual, speech, hearing impairments, mental retardation, problems with the musculoskeletal system) in the children's team. The occupancy of such groups must comply with the requirements of SanPiNs. To work with children, the teacher uses an adapted educational program. At the same time, one program can be used only if there is one or several children with disabilities, but with the same type of impairment. If children have different types of disorders, then an adapted educational program is prescribed for each of them.

Compensatory groups are attended by children with the same type of health disorder. In such groups, they work according to the only adapted basic educational program. The difficulty lies in the fact that sample programs have not yet been developed, and it is difficult for preschool institutions to create them.

Methods of working with children with disabilities in kindergarten

Children with disabilities face difficulties in adapting to the conditions of public education. This is due to the fact that they are accustomed to the guardianship of their parents, do not know how to establish social contacts, and cannot always fully participate in games. Greater difficulties can be created by external features or defects, as well as the use of special technical means. It is important that peers are prepared for the arrival of the baby in the group no less than himself. This task is performed by the teacher. Children should understand that a child with disabilities should be treated as an equal, not paying attention to his features.

Children with disabilities can visit the kindergarten for a short time. For example, work with one of the specialist teachers, and then communicate with other children, take part in their activities. At the same time, it is important to implement an individual approach, to create an opportunity to expand the educational space of the child beyond the preschool educational institution.

As a rule, teachers use the traditional scheme of interaction with pupils, which should be adjusted when it comes to children with disabilities. Methods of working with children with disabilities in kindergarten should provide for the gradual assimilation of new material, the dosing of tasks, the use of audio and visual aids.

Particular attention should be paid to such areas of development as:

physical health (helps strengthen willpower, develops the ability to get out of difficult situations, forms an active life position);
cognitive qualities (develops the skills of independent study of the world);
social and communication skills (facilitates socialization);
artistic and aesthetic (the child develops fine motor skills, learns methods of working with different materials).

The role of the educator is to build correct work not only with children, but also with their families, to establish effective interaction with specialized specialists. To do this, you should take special courses, study the literature, delve into the features of the development, physical and mental state of children with disabilities.

The functions of specialists in the education and upbringing of children with disabilities in kindergarten

Proper organization of work with children with disabilities in kindergarten provides for a strict distribution of responsibilities. When children with disabilities enter the preschool educational institution, they must be examined by specialists who provide the necessary data to the educator. Consider the work performed by the members of the teaching staff of the kindergarten.

Educational psychologist:
1. organization of interaction between teachers;
2. psychoprophylactic and psychodiagnostic work with children;
3. correctional work with children who are at risk;
4. development of correctional programs for the individual development of the child;
5. increasing the level of psychological competence of educators;
6. parent consultations.
Teacher speech therapist:
1. diagnostics of the level of expressive and impressive speech;
2. drawing up individual lesson plans;
3. conducting individual lessons;
4. counseling for teachers and parents.
Musical director:
1. aesthetic and musical education of children;
2. selection of material for classes, taking into account the physical, speech, psychological development of children;
3. use of elements of music therapy.
Physical education instructor:
1. carrying out activities to improve the health of children;
2. improvement of psychomotor abilities of pupils.
Educator:
1. conducting classes on productive activities individually or dividing children into subgroups;
2. development of motor skills;
3. instilling cultural and hygienic skills;
4. organization of individual work with children, taking into account the recommendations of a speech therapist and a teacher-psychologist;
5. creating a favorable microclimate in the group;
6. consulting parents on the formation of cultural and hygienic skills, the level of development of fine motor skills of the child and his individual characteristics.
Medical staff:
1. carrying out health-improving and treatment-and-prophylactic measures;
2. examinations of children;
3. monitoring compliance with the requirements of sanitary and epidemiological standards.

To study the problems of the future pupil, a conversation is held with parents, an examination of physical and mental development, and the child's medical record is also studied. The collected information is systematized and individual development maps are developed under the guidance of a psychologist.

Prepared by the teacher-psychologist Arutyunyan A.V.

MUNICIPAL PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION COMBINED KINDERGARTEN No. 18 "TRAFFIC LIGHT" OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF THE CITY DISTRICT OF Lyubertsy, MOSCOW REGION

Accompaniment is not a one-time assistance, but a long-term support for a child, which is based on a clear organization aimed at choosing an option for solving his actual problems. We consider support as a system of activities of all specialists aimed at creating conditions for the successful development of the child.

The idea of accompaniment unites the work of all specialists in solving the problems of the child. the child is a whole being. To correct the development of children in our kindergarten, there is an escort service. Which includes:

Medical workers: they monitor the health of pupils, fill out health sheets that note the features of the somatic development of preschoolers, and carry out recreational activities - exercise therapy, massage, etc.

Teacher-psychologist: conducts psychodiagnostics, correctional and developmental work, education and counseling of teachers and parents.

Speech therapist teacher: conducts diagnostic monitoring, deals with the correction and development of speech, develops recommendations for other specialists on the use of rational speech therapy techniques in working with children.

Teacher-defectologist: pedagogical diagnostics, development and clarification of educational routes, providing individual, subgroup classes with children in accordance with the selected programs.

Music director: implementation of the used music education programs, additional education programs with elements of museum, music, dance, theater therapy.

Physical education instructor: development and implementation of physical education programs, determination of the level of physical fitness of children, in accordance with age, development of recommendations for educators.

Educator: determining the level of development of different types of child activities, features of communicative activity and culture, the level of formation of purposeful activities, self-service skills according to the age stage, implementation of the recommendations of a speech therapist teacher, psychologist, speech pathologist teacher, doctor (organization of the regime, developing and corrective games).

The purpose of the escort service is to create conditions for the maximum personal development of a preschooler.

It is in the situation of interaction that we can achieve this goal and the result of the support process will be a preschooler with a sufficient level of readiness for schooling.

We all know and understand well that the effectiveness of our work depends and is possible only if parents and teachers are actively involved. Of course, the teacher has been and will be the main figure, the conductor of various influences and influences on the child. , which allows you to organize a situation of cooperation in solving problems, issues related to pupils and the professional tasks of the teacher himself. As a rule, we are expected "prepared recipes" or "how to proceed?" I try not to take on the role of an omniscient specialist, "the smartest" and not to take responsibility for the results of the discussion, but to find ways and methods of certain arising, interesting questions through equal cooperation.

Education of all pedagogical workers is carried out through various forms: - thematic consultations - workshops - speaking at pedagogical councils. Psychoeducation contributes not only to increasing psychological competence, but also the information and knowledge obtained allow teachers in groups to create conditions for the successful development of the child, to implement an individual approach to everyone.

It is also very important to work with parents. The purpose of this work is to create conditions for involving the family in accompanying the child. Tasks: it is necessary to create a situation of cooperation, to form the attitude of parents in relation to the problems of the child. The work is being built in two directions. EDUCATION. Purpose: the transfer of psychological knowledge. Various forms are used - lectures, workshops, trainings, games. CONSULTING. Tasks: 1) informing parents about the features and problems of the child's development; 2) optimization of child-parent relationships; 3) support if the child has serious problems.

And in conclusion, if we talk about the effectiveness of support, then probably the first indicator will be the emotional state and attitude of children to attending kindergarten. The result of the implementation of support in the DL system at the present stage is considered through the integrative qualities of the child: compliance with the standards of physical development, possession of basic cultural and hygienic skills; curiosity, activity, emotional responsiveness; possession of means of communication and ways of interacting with adults and peers; the ability to manage one's behavior, plan one's actions based on primary value ideas, adherence to elementary generally accepted norms and rules of conduct; the ability to solve personal problems adequate to age; the formation of primary ideas about oneself, family, society, state, natural world; possession of the universal prerequisites for educational activities, the ability to work according to the rule and according to the model, listen to an adult and follow his instructions; possession of the necessary skills and abilities for the implementation of various types of children's activities.

Organization of individual support for children with disabilities (HIA) by specialists of preschool educational institutions.

senior caregiver

MBDOU "Kindergarten of combined

type No. 14 "Smirnova M.P.

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Relevance of the problem

The modern content of preschool education is closely connected with the ideas of individualization and humanization. (Humanism in education is, first of all, the recognition of the self-worth of each individual, ensuring his internal and external freedom

In the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) - the right of every child to education, regardless of the state of health, is enshrined.

The Law of the Russian Federation "On Education in the Russian Federation" dated December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ ensures the right of every person to education, the humanistic nature of education, the creation of conditions for receiving quality education without discrimination by persons with disabilities, including through the organization of inclusive education.

In GEF DO, based on previous documents, one of the main principles is the personality-developing and humanistic nature of the interaction between adults and children. Its main task is to provide equal opportunities for the full development of each child, regardless of psychophysiological and other characteristics (including limited health opportunities) . The Standard takes into account the individual needs of certain categories of children, including those with disabilities, the possibilities for the child to master the Program at different stages of its implementation

. GEF DO draws attention to the creation necessary conditions for children with disabilities: psychological and pedagogical (clause 3.2.2.), personnel (clause 3.4.3), financial (clause 3.6.3), providing an adaptive educational environment and a barrier-free environment for the life of these children.

Features of the organization of educational activities for persons with disabilities are also spelled out in the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated August 30, 2013 No. No. 1014 "On approval of the procedure for organizing and implementing educational activities in the main general educational programs - educational programs of preschool education". It states that preschool education for children with disabilities can be organized both jointly with healthy children and in separate groups and is carried out according to an adapted program, taking into account psychophysical development and individual capabilities.

Thus, individual support of a child with disabilities in a preschool educational institution is an urgent problem at the present stage.

Individual support for children with disabilities is carried out through the development and implementation of an individual educational route for the development of the child.

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What is it? In relation to preschool education, there is no clear definition.

Most of the publications, which reflect the content and organizational forms of support, are devoted to the school period of a child's life.

An individual educational route is defined by scientists as a purposefully designed differentiated educational program, as a system of specific joint actions of the administration, main teachers, specialists of an educational institution, parents in the process of developing a child with disabilities (Vorobeva S.V., Labunskaya N.A., Tryapitsyna A. .P., Timofeeva Yu.F. and others).

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Along with the concept of "individual educational route" there is the concept of "individual educational trajectory" (G.A. Bordovsky, S.A. Vdovina, E.A. Klimov, B.C. Merlin, N.N. Surtaeva, I.S. Yakimanskaya and others .), which has a broader meaning and involves several areas of implementation: meaningful (variable curricula and educational programs that determine an individual educational route); activity (special pedagogical technologies); procedural (organizational aspect).

Thus, an individual educational trajectory provides for the existence of an individual educational route (content component), as well as a developed method for its implementation (technologies for organizing the educational process).

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When designing an individual educational route, specialists and teachers of a preschool institution are guided by the educational needs, individual abilities and capabilities of the pupil. The route is created in order to maximize the educational and social needs of children and is designed for children who do not master the basic general educational program of preschool education, and for children with disabilities. In an individual educational route, a ratio of forms and types of activity specific to a given child, an individualized volume and depth of content, specific psychological and pedagogical technologies, educational and methodological materials are determined.

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When developing an individual educational route, specialists and teachers are guided by a number of principles (T.V. Volosovets, T.N. Guseva, L.M. Shipitsyna and others):

the principle of relying on the child's learning ability, the principle of correlating the level of actual development and the zone of proximal development. Compliance with this principle involves the identification of potential abilities to assimilate new knowledge as a basic characteristic that determines the design of an individual educational route.
the principle of respecting the best interests of the child. L.M. Shipitsyna calls him "on the side of the child." The escort specialist is called upon to solve the problem situation with the maximum benefit for the child.
the principle of rejection of average rationing, i.e. avoidance of a direct evaluation approach in the diagnostic examination of the level of development of the child.
the principle of close interaction and coordination of the work of specialists in the process of implementing an individual educational route.
the principle of continuity, when the child is guaranteed continuous support at all stages of assistance in solving the problem. The specialist will stop support only when the problem is solved or the approach to the solution is obvious.

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Algorithm for psychological and pedagogical support of a child in a preschool educational institution

Stage of medical-psychological-pedagogical support of a child with disabilities
Stage I - Preparatory.	Observing children, talking with them, Studying information about parents (legal representatives), talking with them, questioning; analysis of the situation of the child's social environment; study of data on the development of the child from medical records; analysis of PMPK protocols
Stage II - Comprehensive diagnostics.	Identification of the features of the physical, mental development, personal and cognitive spheres of the child: diagnostics of mental development, identification of individual psychological characteristics; diagnostics of speech development; pedagogical diagnostics, identification of learning difficulties; determination of the level of actual development; fixing the nature of deviations in development; identification of a personal resource, determination of the zone of proximal development.
Stage III - Development of an individual educational route	According to the conclusions, as a result of in-depth diagnostics of the “team” of specialists, at a meeting of the psychological, medical and pedagogical council, an individual educational route is drawn up and approved, a plan of specific measures is developed aimed at solving the identified problems.
Stage IV - Activity stage. Correction-developing and educational work on the implementation of an individual educational route.	Individual and group lessons with a psychologist, speech therapist, defectologist, educator. The maximum disclosure of the child's personal resources and his inclusion in the educational space of the preschool educational institution. Advising and involving parents (legal representatives) in the implementation of the route

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Educational route components:

target (setting goals, defining the objectives of educational work);
meaningful (Content of correctional and developmental work in sections of the program, which are planned by each specialist working with a child with a mark on the achievement of goals
technological (determination of the pedagogical technologies used, methods, techniques, systems of education and upbringing, taking into account the individual characteristics of the child);
diagnostic (determination of the system of diagnostic support);
productive (the expected results are formulated, the timing of their achievement and criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the measures being implemented).

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There is currently no universal recipe for creating an IEM for a preschooler. The specialists of each kindergarten develop their own version of IEM, taking into account the conditions they have, the contingent of children, etc.

There are several options for designing individual educational routes.

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Let us dwell on the experience of our kindergarten in working with children with disabilities.

In our kindergarten, along with general developmental groups, there are two compensatory groups: one for children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system, the other for children with intellectual disabilities (mild mental retardation). The size of these groups is 8 people. This year, there are 10 children with disabilities among them. In addition, there is a group of combined orientation in the kindergarten, in which, along with healthy children, children with speech disorders are brought up (this year there are 5 of them)

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- "Correctional-developing education and upbringing" The program of preschool educational institutions of a compensatory type for children with intellectual disabilities. Ekzhanova E.A., Strebeleva E.A.

- "The program of education and training in kindergarten" under the editorship of M.A. Vasilyeva and others.

- "Rodnichok" program of complex physical rehabilitation of children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system. ed. L.S. Sekovets

- "Education and education of preschool children with phonetic and phonemic underdevelopment" T.B. Filicheva, G.V. Chirkin.

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Maintenance algorithm

Groups are formed on the basis of conclusions and recommendations issued by the district psychological, medical and pedagogical commission and with the consent of the parents.

After the child is enrolled in a compensatory or combined group, educators and specialists of preschool educational institutions conduct a diagnostic examination of children. The results of the diagnosis are analyzed at a meeting of the psycho-medical-pedagogical council created in the preschool educational institution, an individual route for accompanying the child is drawn up.

If necessary (changing circumstances, lack of effectiveness, etc.), the individual educational route of the child can be adjusted, changed. This decision is also made at the PMPK meeting.

In the process of implementing an individual educational route, teachers actively cooperate with the parents of children with disabilities. Parents get acquainted with the IOM, receive advice from specialists.

During individual and thematic consultations, parent meetings, workshops, parents receive all the necessary information on how to create a calm, friendly atmosphere in relation to the child, organize the correct daily routine and nutrition, classes at home. Parents are active participants in holidays and entertainment, competitions and exhibitions, targeted walks and excursions.

At the end of the academic year, the implementation of IEM is analyzed, after the final diagnosis, a certificate is drawn up based on the results of the examination of the child, ways of its further development and recommendations are outlined (this may be a referral to the PMPK for transfer to another group, preschool education, graduation to school or continuation of correctional and developmental education according to new IOM in this group).

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Escort routes.

development of the child's personality (taking into account his individual physical and mental capabilities)
implementation of full adaptation in the peer group
carrying out correctional-pedagogical, psychological work with children
preparation for school
providing assistance and support to parents, advising on the upbringing and development of the child

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For each child with disabilities, there is a folder for individual support of the child, which includes:

1. Agreement for parents to organize individual educational support for the child by specialists of the preschool educational institution

2. General information about the child (date of birth, health group, PMPK conclusion, information about the family

3. An individual program for the rehabilitation of a disabled child, issued by federal state institutions of medical and social expertise (a photocopy is requested from parents)

4. Information about specialists implementing IEM (educator, defectologist teacher, psychologist, speech therapist teacher, music director, physical education instructor

5. Extract from the protocol of the Gorodetsky PMPK (direction to the group)

6. Extract from the history of the development of the child and a sheet of medical reports (issued by the children's clinic)

7. Child development map (filled out by a defectologist) after examination)

8. Diagnostic examination cards by a defectologist, educators, music director, speech therapist)

9.Individual educational route

10. Interaction with the family (forms of interaction, content of work, responsible teacher)

11. Psychological and pedagogical characteristics of the child (submitted to the PMPK, compiled by teachers who work with the child)

12. Help on the results of mastering the program for the academic year (compiled by a teacher-defectologist or teacher-speech therapist)

13. Children's work (drawings, applications, results of diagnostic tasks)

Thus, there is a continuous support of a child with disabilities from the moment the parents apply for the placement of the child in kindergarten and until the release to school.

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Model of interaction between specialists in the correctional and educational space MBDOU "Kindergarten of combined type No. 14"

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Interaction of children with disabilities with the social environment

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The effectiveness of individual support for a child with disabilities.

The relationship in the work of all specialists gives a positive result:

High attendance of combined and compensatory groups

Analyzing the results of diagnostics, there is a positive trend in the development of the program by children

Graduates of preschool educational institutions continued their education in public schools, schools of types 5 and 8

Parents receive hope and confidence that their children will be adapted to society.

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Difficulties of individual support of children with disabilities:

The experience of kindergartens is little covered in the literature.

Insufficient provision of the necessary number of specialists.

Insufficient provision of specialized literature (methods, diagnostic tools)

Insufficient material and technical base (specialized gaming and didactic equipment, special furniture, technical means)

There are no advanced training courses for teachers working with children with disabilities

The presence in the same group of children of different ages with different diagnoses,

An increase in the number of children with a complex defect structure

However, there is the main thing - love, kind and respectful attitude towards children and their parents. Teachers want every kindergarten student to be comfortable, calm, joyful and interesting.

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To do this, we try to create all conditions. The photographs show the Subject-Developing Environment in groups, sensory rooms, special equipment for children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system, specialists who provide individual support for children with disabilities.

Thank you for your attention!

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Slides captions:

Organization of individual support for children with disabilities (HIA) by specialists of preschool educational institutions. Senior teacher MBDOU "Kindergarten of the combined type No. 14" Smirnova M.P.

Relevance Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) - Law of the Russian Federation "On Education in the Russian Federation" dated December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ GEF DO Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated August 30, 2013. No. 1014 "On approval of the procedure for organizing and implementing educational activities in the main general educational programs - educational programs of preschool education". ideas of individualization and humanization of education ensuring equal opportunities for the full development of each child, regardless of psychophysiological and other characteristics (including disabilities) taking into account the individual needs and opportunities for learning by the child Programs creating the necessary conditions for children with disabilities

An individual educational route is a purposefully designed differentiated educational program, a system of specific joint actions of the administration, main teachers, specialists of an educational institution, parents in the process of developing a child with disabilities (Vorobeva S.V., Labunskaya N.A., Tryapitsyna A.P. , Timofeeva Yu.F. and others).

The concept of “individual educational trajectory” (G.A. Bordovsky, S.A. Vdovina, E.A. Klimov, V.C. Merlin, N.N. Surtaeva, I.S. Yakimanskaya, etc.) has a wide meaning and implies several directions of implementation: . content - variable curricula and educational programs that determine an individual educational route. activity - special pedagogical technologies. procedural - organizational aspect.

The purpose of creating an individual educational route (IEM): maximum implementation of the educational and social needs of children IEM are being developed: for children who do not master the basic general educational program of preschool education For children with disabilities, children with disabilities. IOM focuses on: the educational needs of the pupil, the individual abilities and capabilities of the pupil

IEM construction principles (T.V. Volosovets, T.N. Guseva, L.M. Shipitsyna and others): the principle of relying on the child's learning ability, the principle of correlating the level of actual development and the zone of proximal development. the principle of respecting the best interests of the child. (L.M. Shipitsyna calls him “on the side of the child”). the principle of rejection of average rationing the principle of close interaction and coordination of the work of specialists the principle of continuity

Stages of individual support Stage of accompanying a child with disabilities Content of the work Stage I - Preparatory. Collection of information about the child. Observing children, talking with them, Studying information about parents (legal representatives), talking with them, questioning; analysis of the situation of the child's social environment; study of data on the development of the child from medical records; analysis of PMPK protocols and other documents

Stage of accompanying a child with disabilities Content of the work Stage II - Comprehensive diagnostics. Identification of the features of the physical, mental development, personal and cognitive spheres of the child: diagnostics of speech development; pedagogical diagnostics, identification of difficulties; determination of the level of actual development; fixing the nature of deviations in development; definition of the zone of proximal development. Stage III - Development of an individual educational route As a result of the diagnosis of the "team" of specialists at a meeting of the psychological, medical and pedagogical council, an individual educational route is drawn up and approved, a plan of specific measures is developed aimed at solving the identified problems.

Stage of accompanying a child with disabilities Content of the work Stage IV - Activity. Correction-developing and educational work on the implementation of an individual educational route. Individual and group sessions with a psychologist, speech therapist, defectologist, educator, and other specialists. Consulting and involvement of parents in the implementation of the route Stage V - Reflexive. Final diagnosis. Analysis of results. Monitoring the effectiveness of the implementation of an individual correctional and developmental program. Making a forecast regarding the further development of the child.

Components of the educational route: target (setting goals, defining the tasks of educational work); meaningful (selection of the content of the program material on the basis of educational programs implemented in the preschool educational institution technological (determination of the pedagogical technologies used, methods, techniques, systems of education and upbringing, taking into account the individual characteristics of the child); diagnostic (definition of the system of diagnostic support); effective (expected results are formulated, deadlines for reaching them).

IOM design options

MBDOU "Kindergarten of the combined type No. 14: 9 groups of general developmental orientation 1 group of compensatory orientation for children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system 1 group of compensatory orientation for children with intellectual disabilities (mild mental retardation) 1 group of combined orientation for children with speech disorders

Implemented programs: "Correctional-developing education and upbringing" The program of preschool educational institutions of a compensatory type for children with intellectual disabilities. Ekzhanova E.A., Strebeleva E.A. "The program of education and training in kindergarten" edited by M.A. Vasilyeva and others. "Rodnichok" The program of complex physical rehabilitation of children with disorders of the musculoskeletal system. ed. L.S. Sekovets "Education and education of preschool children with phonetic and phonemic underdevelopment" T.B. Filicheva, G.V. Chirkin.

PMPK tracking algorithm Basic PMPK diagnostics Development of IOM Implementation of IOM Final diagnostics of PMPK or PMPK (determination of a further route)

Escort routes. development of the child's personality (taking into account his individual physical and mental capabilities) the implementation of full adaptation in the group of peers carrying out correctional and pedagogical, psychological work with children preparing for schooling providing assistance and support to parents, counseling on the upbringing and development of the child

Individual support folder: Agreement for parents to organize individual educational support for the child by specialists of the preschool educational institution General data about the child Individual rehabilitation program for a disabled child Information about specialists implementing IEM examinations Individual educational route Interaction with the family Psychological and pedagogical characteristics for the child Information on the results of mastering the program for the academic year Children's work

Model of interaction between specialists A child with disabilities Administrative support staffing groups in accordance with the decision of the PMPK creation of a climate of psychological comfort for children with disabilities Formation of a correctional and developmental environment in groups Medical support (pediatrician, nurse, psychoneurologist, massage therapist, physio nurse, exercise therapy instructor) Examinations children Anthropometric measurements Therapeutic and health-improving prevention Seasonal prevention of epidemics of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections Conducting medical massage Physiotherapy Physical therapy classes Participation in PMPk preschool educational institution Control over the organization of good nutrition Consulting teachers, parents: Psychological and pedagogical support Social pedagogue Coordinating the support of children with disabilities Consulting teachers Working with families Teacher - defectologist diagnostics of mental processes, cognitive activity Development of IOM, their implementation Correctional and developmental work equipment and design of the office consulting teachers, of parents Participation in the PMPK preschool educational institution Representation of children at the PMPK Educators Pedagogical diagnostics of GCD Creation of a subject-developing correctional environment Correctional orientation of regime moments Individual work on the instructions of a teacher-defectologist Implementation of IOM Work with families Cultural and leisure activities Musical director: pedagogical diagnostics music classes Individual correctional work communicative games, dances Holidays, entertainment Work with families Educational psychologist Classes in the sensory room Consulting teachers, parents on request Diagnostic examination, remedial classes on request

Interaction with society Child with disabilities Rehabilitation center for children and adolescents with disabilities Correctional school V type Correctional school Vlll type Central Children's Library Gorodetsky Fedorovsky Monastery Children's Museum on Kupecheskaya, Museum of Kindness Center social assistance family and children

The effectiveness of the work high attendance of groups of combined and compensatory orientation positive dynamics in the development of the program by children graduates of preschool educational institutions continued their education in public schools, schools of types 5 and 8 parents receive hope and confidence that their children will be adapted to society.

The main difficulties in the work The experience of kindergartens is little covered in the literature. Insufficient provision of the necessary number of specialists. Insufficient provision of specialized literature (methodological developments, diagnostic tools, etc.) Insufficient material and technical base (specialized gaming and didactic equipment, special furniture, technical means) There are no refresher courses for teachers working with children with disabilities

Developing space preschool educational institution

Special equipment

Therapeutic massage Medical examination Complex of exercise therapy Lesson with a teacher-defectologist

Music lessons Physical education lessons and games with educators

Interaction with the speech school Interaction with museums Interaction with parents