The initial form is the nominative plural.
Morphological characteristics:
1. Constants: proper or common noun;
declination; gender (for singular nouns);
animate or inanimate.
2. Inconstant: case; number.
Syntactic role:
General grammatical meaning. Indicates
item.

Proper nouns –
first names, surnames, nicknames, animal names,
geographical and astronomical names,
names of newspapers, magazines, books, etc.
Common nouns
general
Name
names
For
nouns –
all homogeneous items
phenomena
And

Noun cases

There are six cases in Russian. Case is determined by
questions.
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Instrumental
Prepositional
- Who? What?
- whom? what?
- to whom? what?
- whom? What?
- by whom? how?
– about whom? about what?
All cases except the nominative are called indirect.
Words in indirect cases can be used with
prepositions.

Changing words by case is called declension. There are three declensions of nouns.

Declensions
1st class
J., m.r.
2nd class
M. r.
-and I
Earth
dad
3rd class
Wed. R.
J. b.
-o, -e
table
window
field
daughter

Indeclinable nouns do not change by case or number: coffee, aloe, pony.

Don't bow
Russian surnames starting with –ovo, -ago
Durnovo, Zhivago
On -y, -them
Gray, Long
Ukrainian surnames ending in –ko
Shevchenko, Kostenko
Foreign surnames,
ending in a vowel
Zola's novels
Russian and foreign surnames,
ending in a consonant
bow when denoting persons
male, and do not bow if
denote female persons
Tatyana Zhuk –
no Tatyana Zhuk,
no Ivan Zhuk

Indeclinable nouns – ten neuter nouns in -name: burden, time, udder, banner, name, flame, tribe, seed, stirrup, t

Indeclinable nouns –
-ten neuter nouns in -mya: burden,
time, udder, banner, name, flame, tribe, seed, stirrup, crown -
and a masculine noun way.
In genitive, dative and prepositional cases in
singular have endings -and, like
nouns of the 3rd declension, in the instrumental case
take the endings of nouns of the 2nd declension -em:
to the banner, about time, banner, time.
We must not forget about the substantivized (transferred to
nouns) adjectives and
participles. They are declined as adjectives;
characterizing them, we make sure to note this
peculiarity.

Gender of nouns
Male
Female
city
Street
Human
cat
Average
art
animal
General
Nouns,
denoting persons
female and
male
orphan
crybaby
Valya
Zhenya

Gender of compound nouns

Compound contractions
words composed
from the initial sounds
or letters
Gender is determined by
gender of the reference word
MSU - husband r., because
reference word university
Gender of compounds
is defined like this:
According to the word that expresses
broader concept
beautiful admiral butterfly
a van passed by
If the concepts are equivalent,
gender is determined by the first
word
new cafe-restaurant
If the first word is lost
inclination, gender
determined by the second word
Comfortable raincoat tent –
in a comfortable raincoat
In the interesting “Roman-newspaper”

Gender of indeclinable nouns

Noun foreign language
denoting
Inanimate.
items
Wed. genus
highway
Taxi
exceptions:
coffee (m.r.)
avenue (g.r.)
salami (female)
Animating
items
Husband. genus
gray cockatoo
little Pony
exceptions:
iwasi (female)
tsetse (female)
Noun,
Naming
persons
Noun,
naming persons
by profession
Gender depends
from real
gender
designated
faces
Husband. genus
English
dandy
real
lady
military attache
experienced
entertainer
But: they can
call
and the faces of women. floor.
This
observed and
among
inclined
noun:
young doctor
Ivanova
Noun,
denoting
geographer.
names. Genus
determined
the origin of those natives.
noun,
with which these
titles
can be
replaced
Sukhumi-city (m.r.)
Mississippi River (r.)

Animate names
nouns serve
names of living
creatures and respond to
question is who?
Inanimate nouns
serve as names for nonliving things
objects and answer the question what?

Grammatically, the category of animateness of inanimateness is expressed in the fact that among animate
nouns accusative plural form
numbers coincide with the genitive case form
plural:
R. n. people, birds, animals
V. n. people, birds, animals
inanimate nouns have an accusative form
plural case coincides with the form
nominative plural:
And. n. forests, mountains, rivers
V. n. forests, mountains, rivers
In addition, for animate masculine nouns
II declension accusative case coincides with the genitive
also in the singular, for inanimate ones - with
nominative: I see a student, an elk, a crane, but a detachment, a forest,
regiment.

Attention!

Usually we talk about animateness and inanimateness when
characteristics of masculine and feminine nouns.
At the same time, our ideas about living and nonliving things are often not
coincide with the grammatical category. From nouns
of the neuter gender are animated by monster, bogeyman and those who have passed
from adjectives and participles animal, insect,
mammal, as well as child, creature, person (in the meaning
Human).
The following are animate from a grammatical point of view:
words denoting inanimate objects: dead, deceased, God,
devil, doll, queen. The names of plants (flower, tree) and
the word corpse is attributed to inanimate nouns.

Number of nouns

Nouns change according to numbers: edge - edges, number - numbers.
Some nouns are used only in the singular
or only in the plural.
Nouns that have only a singular form:
1. Names of many identical persons, objects (collective
nouns): youth, children, spruce forest.
2. Names of objects with real meaning: asphalt, honey,
rye, steel.
3. Names of quality or trait: anger, dexterity, whiteness.
4. Names of actions or states: mowing, running, excitement.
5. Some proper names: Moscow, Volga.
Nouns that have only a plural form:
1. Names of composite and paired items: trousers, scales, watches.
2. Names of materials: whitewash, perfume, cream, sawdust.
3. Names of periods of time, games: vacation, day, blind man's buff.
4. Names of actions and states of nature: chores, elections,
twilight.
5. Some geographical names: Carpathians, Fili.

Syntactic role
A noun can be anything
member of the sentence, but most often
subject or object.

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Slide captions:

PART OF SPEECH - NOUN Concept of a noun Gender of nouns Number of nouns Animate and inanimate nouns Proper and common nouns Cases of nouns Three declensions of nouns

THE CONCEPT OF A NOUN A noun is a part of speech that answers the questions WHO? WHAT? , denoting an object: BOOK, TABLE, WINDOW.

Find nouns among the written words and underline them with one line: Robe, pink, hanging, crying, birch, beautiful, blue, sky, screaming, writing, hand, white, blue, walking, winter. EXAMINATION

GENDER OF NOUNS Masculine gender – HE, MY. Feminine – SHE, MY. Neuter gender – IT, MINE.

Distribute nouns by gender into three tables: Brother, earth, face, window, wall, flower, hat, scarf, coat, cat, cow, sun. Check M.r. Zh.r. Wed.

NUMBER OF NOUNS Nouns vary according to number: singular plural (singular) (plural) fish fish doctor doctors window windows

Distribute the nouns by number in two columns: Birch, watermelons, tables, chair, bag, boots, vases, door. Plural check Units

ANIMATE AND INANIMATE NOUNS Nouns that answer the question WHO? are called animate. Nouns that answer the question WHAT? are called inanimate. WHO? CAT WHAT? CHAIR WHAT?

Distribute nouns that answer the questions WHO?, WHAT? in two columns: Sofa, sparrow, birch, city, girl, hare, cow, shovel, car, dog. Who? What? Examination

PROPER AND COMMON NOUNS Nouns written with a capital letter are called PROPER NOUNS. Nouns written with a lowercase letter are called common nouns. For example: from both Zhuchka

1. A goat and a Christmas tree are grazing in the meadow. The tree carries nuts into the hollow. 2. The dog __arik is running in the yard. The girl holds an arik in her hand. Insert missing letters into words: Check B b Sh w

CASES OF NOUNS Name of case Auxiliary words Case questions Prepositions Nominative case is who? What? Genitive no one? what? without, near, to, from, about, from, near, with, at Give the dative case to whom? what? k, by accusative case I see who? What? under, for, about, through, in, on the Instrumental case, happy with whom? how? for, between, above, under, with Prepositional case I'm talking about whom? about what? in, about, about, on, at

Change words by case: Name of case Case questions fox umbrella sea nominative case who? What? fox umbrella mor genitive case whom? what? fox umbrella mor dative case to whom? what? fox umbrella mor accusative case of whom? What? fox umbrella mor instrumental case by whom? how? fox umbrella mor prepositional case about whom? about what? about fox about umbrella about more Checking

THREE DECLINATIONS OF NOUNS First declension Masculine -a, -ya young man uncle ya birds a Feminine -a, -ya earth Second declension Masculine _ father day Neuter -o, -e grain o happiness e Third declension Feminine - daughter, give birth

Determine the declension in nouns: Doll, field, stove, doctor, heron, mouse, grandfather, daughter, stump, thing, log, uncle. Check 1 2 3 2 1 3 1 3 2 3 2 1

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

presentation noun

Presentation is a noun. The hero of modern cartoons asks questions, and the guys answer them....

Presentation "Noun" (rule)

This presentation will make it easier to remember the rule about a noun. It can be used while studying the topic....

A noun is an independent part of speech that denotes an object and answers the questions who? what. The general grammatical meaning of a noun is the meaning of the object. A subject in grammar is everything that can be asked about: who is this or what is this?

By meaning, nouns are divided into groups: 1. concrete - name specific objects of living or inanimate nature: magazine, plane, brother, rook, fish, mosquito, etc. 2. material - name various substances air, oil, sugar, gasoline, nylon, etc. 3. abstract - name phenomena perceived mentally: learning, reading, stubbornness, etc. 4. collective - name many identical objects as one whole: children, teaching, foliage, etc.

Nouns that name homogeneous objects are common nouns: student, country, river, forest, etc. In order to single out a particular object from the entire group of homogeneous objects, it is given a special name. Each person has his own first name, patronymic and last name, which serve to distinguish this person from the mass of people.

Nouns that name single (individual) objects are proper names: Moscow, Volga, Maria, Andrey, Kashtanka, etc. Proper nouns are given names, patronymics, last names of people, names of animals, names of cities, rivers, etc.

Animate nouns name objects of living nature, they are asked the question who? : grandpa, cat, pike, fly, worm, etc. Inanimate nouns name objects of inanimate nature; they are asked what? : city, soap, laughter, water, stone, building, etc.

Animate and inanimate nouns are distinguished not only by meaning, but also by the form of the accusative case: -animate nouns have the form wines. p.m. h. is the same with the form of gender.p.mn. h. - for inanimate nouns - with the form im.p. pl. h.

Nouns have three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. The gender of a noun can be determined by adding my (m. r.), my (f. r.), my (cf. r.) to the noun. In addition, for some nouns, gender can be determined by the meaning of the word, since some words name male people and animals, while others - female

Nouns have two numbers - singular and plural. Concrete nouns change according to numbers. Changes in numbers are conveyed using endings. Real, abstract, collective nouns and some others do not change in number. They have units. and many more numbers.

Only singular numbers have the following form: 1. real ones: milk, sour cream, etc. 2. abstract: love, friendship, etc. 3.collective: teaching, foliage, etc. 4.own: Caucasus, Urals, etc. Only numbers have a plural form: 1. real: ink, cleaning, etc. 2. distracted: holidays, name days, etc. 3. words denoting paired objects: glasses, sleigh, etc. 4. own: Alps, Carpathians, etc. For nouns that have only the plural form. Ch., gender and type of declension are not determined.

There are six cases in Russian. Each case has its own name and answers a specific question. P. Question. Unit Plural. And who? what? friend, book. friends, books. R.who? what?friend, books.friends, books. D.who? what? friend, book. friends, books. In whom? what?friend, book.friends, books. By whom? something else, a book. friends, books. About whom? about what? (about) a friend, a book. (about) friends, books.

All cases except the nominative are called indirect. Cases show the relationship of a noun to other words in a sentence. To determine the case of a noun you need to: 1. find the word on which the noun depends; 2. ask a case question from this word to the noun.

Singular nouns are divided into three types of declension. The first declension includes feminine nouns with the ending –а(-я), as well as a small number of masculine nouns with the ending –а(-я). The second declension includes masculine nouns with a zero ending, as well as neuter nouns with the ending –о(-е). The third declension includes feminine nouns with a zero ending. They have a soft sign at the end of the stem.

Variable nouns Due to changes in cases and numbers, some nouns have endings of different declensions, which is why they are called heterodeclinable. These include: 1) nouns ending in -mya: burden, time, banner, stirrup, etc. 2) masculine nouns: path.

Used literature 1.S.I. Lvova, V.V. Lvov Textbook “Russian language grade 5” in 3 parts. M.: Mnemosyne, 2012 2.G.N. Sycheva. Russian language in tables. Rostov-on-Don: Publishing house. "Baro-press", 2009 3.I.M. Stronskaya. Handbook of the Russian language for students in grades 5-9. St. Petersburg: Publishing house "Literature", 2010.

Slide 1

Noun
stands for
item
answers the questions
(who?) (what?) student school
varies according to: 1) gender – m.r., w.r., middle birth. 2) numbers – singular, plural. 3) cases – I.p., R.p., .D.p., V.p., T.p., P.p.

Slide 2

Proper names include not only the names of people, names of cities, mountains, rivers, parts of the world, planets, but also the names of books, poems, stories, newspapers, magazines, names of companies, cafes, shops. These names are written with a capital letter t and placed in quotation marks: S. Yesenin’s poem “Birch”, A.P. Chekhov’s story “Kashtanka”, V.M. Vasnetsov’s painting “Alyonushka”, TV magazine “Yeralash”.

Slide 3

Diminutive name of son (daughter) Full name of son (daughter) Name of father Name and patronymic of son (daughter)
Sasha Sergey
Misha Dmitry
Nadya Alexey
Tanya Vladimir
Masha Ivan

Slide 4

Rewrite, put quotation marks where needed. Story by V. Astafiev Vasyutkino Lake; Krylov's fable Quartet; Volga river; Chekhov's story Horse's name; movie The Snow Queen; the planet Mars; Chekhov street; Yenisei River; fairy tale The Town Musicians of Bremen; city ​​Novosibirsk; film Prisoner of the Caucasus; Lake Baikal; story Prisoner of the Caucasus.

Slide 5

Which nouns have the accusative case identical to the nominative case, and which ones – the genitive?
Nouns Nouns Nouns Nouns
inanimate inanimate animate animate
Nominal case (what?) Vin. case (what?) Gender. case (of whom?) Vin. case (of whom?)
(New) ball (Catch) ball (No) hare (Catch) hare
Make up a grammar rule. Give your own examples. For animate masculine nouns, the accusative case coincides with…. For inanimate masculine nouns, the accusative case coincides with....

Slide 6

Which word is “extra” in each column? Why? Explain its spelling. 1) “Volga” 2) Zhiguli 3) “Alyonushka” Volga “Zhiguli” “Morozko” Oka “Oka” Alyonushka

Slide 7

Slide 8

Gender of nouns
male
female
average
Nouns do not change by gender. The word country is always feminine, the word forest is always masculine, the word letter is always neuter.

Slide 9

The gender of nouns can be determined by their meaning (if they are names or names of people). a.) All nouns that denote names and titles of male persons are masculine: Tolya, Vanya, Sasha, teacher, student, father, brother, dad, grandfather. b.) Nouns that denote names and titles of female persons are feminine: Katya, Vera, Dasha, student, teacher, sister, grandmother.

Slide 10

Read the sentences from the story “Prisoner of the Caucasus.” Who is its author? Who do the highlighted nouns refer to? What kind are they? Why? 1) Zhilin rode forward. 2) A girl came running - thin, skinny, about thirteen years old. 3) The old man came to the owner. 4) The Tatar woman came to the hut with water, and the Tatar came out. 5) The worker put Zhilin in his place. 6) The owner’s daughter Dina saw the doll.

Slide 11

Let's review what we learned in the last lesson
Nouns that name domestic animals, large animals and birds can also be masculine or feminine. Gender differences between these nouns are indicated by: different words, for example: ram - sheep, rooster - chicken, bull - cow; using suffixes, for example: wolf - she-wolf, bear - she-bear, dove - dove, hare - hare. Only masculine nouns: hedgehog, nightingale. Only feminine nouns: dog, squirrel, snake, swallow, monkey, mouse, turtle.

Slide 12

a.) Write down nouns with adjectives that denote a living female creature. Example: small ram - small sheep. White goose, black hen, lively cow, brave hare. The names of the young of all animals and birds are only masculine. b.) Write down who has which cub. Highlight the suffixes. The cat has a kitten, the duck has ..., the cow has ..., the horse has ..., the pig has ..., the dog has ..., the chicken has ....

Slide 13

REMEMBER What is a null ending? Compare the words: table - table, frost - frost, notebook - notebooks. Find words with zero endings.
The gender of nouns (not names and names of people) is determined by the end of the nominative case. Masculine nouns are words with a zero ending and a solid consonant as a base: house, forest; with a base on a soft consonant: horse, day; with a base on th: museum, region, battle. Feminine nouns are words ending in -a or -ya: country, land; words ending with a soft consonant: joy. Neuter nouns are words ending in -o or -e: letter, sea.

Slide 14

Insert the necessary verbs: began, began, began, began, ended, ended, ended, ended. Put emphasis on them. In March... cold winter and... spring. In May... spring, and... summer. In August... fun summer holidays, and in September... a new school year.

Slide 15

Insert the correct nouns. Determine their gender. 1) Artem never lies. We respect him for... 2) Andrey always keeps his promises, and we appreciate him for... his word. 3) Our teacher is strict but fair. The guys love him for... 4) The train arrived without….

Slide 16

GENERAL NOUNS The gender of the adjective and past tense verb used with these nouns depends on the gender of the person designated by the generic noun. General nouns denote the qualities of people (dirty, quiet, slob, grumpy, hasty, sleepyhead, good fellow), usually used in colloquial speech, and often express a disapproving assessment.
Katya is big
Glory is great
smart girl.
Pavka was
Zina wasn't there
badass.

Slide 17

What do you say? Why? Write down your answers. 1) My brother is so... a slob. 2) I'm a big... crybaby. 3) Rita, how... you are smart for coming on time. 4) Look, our... sleepyhead has already fallen asleep. 5) I won’t go for a walk with such... dirty people. 6) My sister is so... neat.

Slide 18

TEST “Gender of nouns” 1. Indicate the feminine noun: 1) potato 2) tulle 3) vermicelli 4) feather grass 2. Indicate the masculine noun: 1) artel 2) alkali 3) deposit 4) aerosol 3. Indicate the name feminine noun: 1) piano 2) overcoat 3) report card 4) April

Slide 19

4. Indicate a feminine noun: 1) wormwood 2) shampoo 3) swan 4) hotel 5. Indicate a masculine noun: 1) corn 2) ice hole 3) parcel 4) undergrowth 6. Indicate a masculine noun: 1) seaweed 2) tunnel 3) bottle 4) vanilla

Slide 20

7. Indicate the masculine noun: 1) retouch 2) veil 3) ammonia 4) quadrille 8. Indicate the masculine noun (the soft sign is not written at the end): 1) bresh... 2) vegetable... 3) gouache... 4) luxury... 9. Indicate the masculine noun: 1) beans 2) diagonal 3) roofing felt 4) duel

Slide 21

NOUNS THAT HAVE ONLY A SINGULAR FORM In the Russian language there are nouns that have only a singular form. They name objects that cannot be counted, for example: milk, youth, courage. From these words, select nouns that are used only in the singular. Write them down. Mirror, courage, bear, joy, closet, oil, bicycle, hurricane, kindness, notebook, chocolate, milk, academic performance.

Slide 22

TEST YOURSELF Which word is “extra” in each line? Prove it. 1) Milk, sour cream, cream, kefir. 2) Vacations, days, weekdays, days. 3) Hide and seek, chess, games, blind man's buff. 4) Jeans, shorts, trousers, shirts. Yesterday we bought jeans and sneakers. How many items did we buy?

Slide 23

DECLINATION OF NOUNS
I class creatures masculine and feminine in -a, -ya
II class creatures husband. kind with zero ending and avg. sort of -o, -e
III class creatures feminine with "b"

Slide 24

Decline nouns.
I II III
And book window area
R
D
IN
T
P

Slide 25

Let's check the endings.
I II III
And book window area
P book window area
D book window area
In book window area
T book window area
About the book about the window area
Let's highlight the endings e-i.

Slide 26

I II III
R
D
P
Write down only the endings e-i.

Slide 27

I II III
R and - and
D e - i
P e e i

Slide 28

na -i na -i na -i
And the army collection of herbarium
R Army Herbarium Collection
D army collection herbarium
Herbarium collection for the army
T army collection herbarium
P army collection of herbarium

Slide 29

Let's add to the table.
I II III on -i on -i on -i
R and - and and - -
D e - i - -
P e e i i i

Slide 30

Insert case endings of nouns. Stay with your opinion(..), on the edge(..) of a knife, repetition is the mother of learning(..), keep at a respectful distance(..), all trifles compared(..) with eternity, be in a rosy mood (..), there is not even a shadow of doubt (..), according to the pike’s command (..), according to my desire (..), to have a little patience (...), in a delicate situation (..), in defiance of poetry (.. ), upon expiration (..) of the period.

Slide 31

DECLINATION OF PLURAL NOUNS Determine the gender of the nouns placed in brackets and put them in the plural. The nimble ones (squirrels) fly from tree to tree. The forest creatures are fiddling around under the snow (mouse), running through the trees, chasing squirrels, angry ones (marten). Somewhere in a dense forest they are sleeping in their dens in an almost sound sleep (a bear). Horned animals (elk) roam. They run through the fields (hare), leaving confused ones in the snow (trace).

Slide 32

All nouns in the dative, instrumental and prepositional plural cases have the same endings.
Case Endings Examples
Dative -am, -yam The road leads to lands, gardens, fields, steppes.
Creative -ami, -ami Admire the lands, gardens, fields, steppes.
Prepositional -ah, -yah To talk about lands, gardens, fields, steppes.

Slide 33

Use the nouns in the dative case, singular or plural. Highlight the endings. It’s nice on a clear frosty day to ski (where? why?) on (mountain) and (plain), on (hill) and (valley), on (forest) and (field). It’s especially good to skate (where? why?) on (lake) and (river) when the ice is like a mirror! In summer it’s nice to wander (where? why?) along (road) and (path), take a boat ride (where? why?) along (river) or (lake).

Slide 34

DATIVE CASE OF NOUNS WITH PREPOSITIONS Nouns in the dative case are used with prepositions to and by, for example: run (to what?) to the forest, prepare (to what?) for a trip, approach (to whom?) a friend; run (on what?) along the road, walk (on what?) across the field, walk (on what?) along the path.

Slide 35

Nouns in the dative case with the preposition po can determine the purpose of the object, for example:
notebook mark assignment exercise task
mathematics Russian language history literature physics
BY

Slide 36

Use the preposition in or on. (In, on) a tall old forest, five floors. The fifth floor is the top of the tallest trees: pines, spruces, oaks. The fourth is the crowns of lower trees: maple, aspen, birch, rowan. The third is bushes and very young trees. And the two lower floors – the second and the first – contain herbs, flowers, mosses. (In, on) the forest house there is also something like a basement. The roots of the green inhabitants of the forest are hidden here. Different birds and animals each settle (in, on) their own floor, (in, on) their own apartment. Mice and moles live underground (at, at) the very bottom. (In, on) the first floor live a hedgehog, a hare, a wild boar and many, many other animals. Most songbirds make nests (in, on) bushes and low trees. The dwelling of a woodpecker, a magpie - a little higher. Above all, (in, on) the fifth floor, the hawk and eagles build their nests.

Slide 42

Bullfinches are sitting on a branch. Sample of morphological analysis of a noun I Sit (on what?) on a branch – noun, because. denotes an object. N.f. – branch II M.p. P.p.: common, inanimate, female, I class. N.p.: in units, in P.p. III Sitting on a branch