When is the prefix written when, and when pre?

The prefix PRI has five works in Russian: - location near something (seaside, near school); - incomplete action (slightly open, pause); - joining, adjoining, approaching something (attach, nail); - bringing the action to the end (invent, tap); - committing an action in someone's interests (save, hide).

The prefix PRE- has only two works: - when the prefix pre can be replaced by the words very or very (kind, interesting); meaning through or otherwise (transform, stumbling block)

The prefix is ​​assigned when the approach or attachment of actions is indicated, for example, bring, attach, and others. Also, this prefix is ​​used in cases of incompleteness of actions, proximity, related actions, for example, slightly open, suburb, dance and others.

The prefix pre- means very, for example, beautiful and others.

According to the rules of the Russian language, the spelling of prefixes in this case depends on the meaning of the word.

Thus, we will write the prefix for when we are talking about approximation and addition. For example, glued, screwed, suburb.

We will write the prefix pre in the case when the meaning is very. For example, beautiful, wise.

Spelling prefixes pre- and at- in Russian orthography is semantic, that is, based on the meaning of the prefix, which it introduces into the semantics of the word.

How to learn to distinguish between these prefixes with unstressed vowels e and and in them?

Let's consider this in more detail.

Console at- has the following meanings:

• approximation: at to be, at jump, at fly, at crawl;
• accession: at screw, at fasten, at sculpt, at beat;
• proximity: at station, at city, at Volga;
• incomplete action: at open, at to powder (snow) at muffle (sound);
• bringing an action to an end: at think, at squint;
• concomitant action: at dance, at clap, at whistle.

Console pre- synonymous with prefix re-:

pre break up the conversation pen break up the conversation;

pre break - pen break.

At the console pre- there is a meaning very in words: pre cute (very cute) pre rough (very rough) pre curious (very curious).

In this meaning, the prefix pre- forms qualitative adjectives with an elevated sign.

In a number of words, prefixes are not distinguished, but have become part of the root. We will remember the spelling of these words or learn from the dictionary, for example: hello, example, diligent, private, primitive, pursue, advantage, drug, neglect.

Some of the words are borrowed, we will remember their spelling: applicant, prelude, president, precedent, claim, preamble, prima donna, prevail, etc.

For verbs, the prefix PRI is written in the following cases when the verbs have a meaning:

• approximation. For example: come, arrive, arrive, come running,
• accession. For example: attach, sew, stick, nail,
• close location. For example: frontline, courtier,
• incomplete action. For example: lower, open,
• accompanying action. For example, humming, dancing.

Verbs are prefixed with PRE in the following cases:

• if it is synonymous with the prefix PERE. For example, overcome
• if the prefix matters very much. For example, beautiful (very beautiful), wise (very wise).

• Attach when you attach or bring something closer: screw, stick, add, stick, run, backyard (plot).

  Pre-write when this prefix can be replaced by the word very: beautiful, prevails, etc.

  At-: approximation, attachment, incompleteness of the action; pre- = very close in meaning to the prefix re-. This is the main rule, but there are many exceptions, you need to check with the dictionary.

  To understand how a particular word is spelled with the prefix pre- or pre-, you need to analyze the meaning of the word itself. This is what writing is all about.

  Specifically, the prefix is ​​assigned in the following semantic meanings: approach, attachment, incomplete action, concomitant action, proximity. And the prefix is ​​written in the meanings of pen, as well as in the meaning of very.

  IMHO, everyone should know when the prefix is ​​\u200b\u200bwritten when, and when pre, - after all, not so few hours are devoted to this in the school curriculum, and the rules are simple and understandable on an intuitive level.

  prefix:

  1) in the meaning of very, give words a superior tone: beautiful, excellent, unpleasant, successful, sweet;

  2) in the meaning of through or re: to turn, a criminal, an obstacle, wrong.

  Prefix for:

  1) in the meaning of approximation, attachment: to join, attach, approximate, stick, attach.

The correct spelling of the prefixes pre- and attached is associated with an understanding of the difference in their meanings.
The prefix attaches - means: 1) joining, approaching, adding: attach, attach, come, attach, buy; 2) incompleteness of the action: sit down, pretend, slightly open; 3) location, being near something: Amur region, Ural region, suburb, seaside.
The prefix pre-: 1) denotes the highest degree of action or quality: to be fed up, exaggeration, long; 2) coincides in meaning with the prefix re-: block - block, interrupt - interrupt.
In some words, the meaning of the prefixes pre- and pre- is not clear enough, and such words should be remembered, for example: persecution, obstacle, stumbling (stumbling block), perverse (unfaithful, changeable), neglect, seduce; adventure, claim, device, swear.
In the following words, similar in pronunciation, the difference in spelling is connected with the difference in their meaning: despise (disrespect, consider unworthy) - despise (care, give shelter), betray (treacherously betray someone) - give (add), stay ( to be somewhere) - arrive (arrive), transgress (violate) - proceed (start), successor (one who takes office after someone continues someone's work) - receiver (receiving apparatus), bow ( treat with deep respect) - bow down (bend over, bend down), transform (incarnate, implement) - pretend (close).
You should remember the spelling of some words of foreign origin: presidium, president (the spelling e here is explained by the fact that in these words in Latin there is a prefix pre- (from lat. prae - before); privilege (from lat. privilegium - exclusive right); priority - primacy (from lat. prior - first).
Write off. Orally explain the spelling of the pre- and pre- prefixes (underline the words where the meaning of these prefixes is unclear). Explain the meaning of the highlighted words.
Connect the wire, pr .. the garden that closes to the school, jump up in surprise, pr .. squint your eyes, achieve reconciliation, refraction of the sun's rays, pr .. cut conversations, pr. gatekeeper, do not neglect the advice of a comrade, enter into bickering, look for pr. pr..syagu, pr..to escort documents, unpleasant news, to be a stumbling block, seekers of pr..keys.
Write off, replacing the highlighted words with words with prefixes pre- and pre-. Explain (verbally) the meaning of prefixes in newly formed words.
Sample. The area near the station - station square; Completely finish classes - stop classes.
A site near a manor, a strip near the shore, a city near the Volga, slightly close the door, slightly open the window, a very strange case, make a wild animal tame, a rapidly passing phenomenon, block the road, saturate with something in excess, increase the danger.
Write off. Explain the meanings of foreign words (use dictionaries if you have difficulty). Make sentences with these combinations.
Choose pr..zidium, pr..be present at the pr..miere of the performance, visit pr..zident, enjoy pr..privileges, pr..priority in space exploration.
Write off. Name the synonyms of the given words. Make sentences orally with the underlined words.
Chase, whimsical, whimsical, bring to life, touch, pr.. endure, get used to, fastidious person, obstacles, pr..creative, pr..flattering, pr..vision.
Write off by inserting the words given in brackets instead of dots.
1) Transistor...worked well. The young engineer turned out to be worthy ... of a well-known designer (successor, successor). 2) The brigade could immediately ... to work. Nobody wanted ... this oath (to transgress, proceed). 3) A group of climbers carried out ... an ascent to an inaccessible mountain peak. Systematic training is ... a condition for any sports success (indispensable, unparalleled). 4) This is ... a phenomenon. All ... patients were met by the doctor on duty (transient, coming).
Write off. Explain (orally) the spelling of words with prefixes pre- and pre-. Make a morphemic analysis of the highlighted word.
1) A. S. Popov invented the world's first radio transmitter and so on. - Maxim Gorky - the successor of the realist writers of the XIX century. 2) The tree bowed its branches to the ground itself. - Contemporaries bowed before Shchepkin's remarkable talent. 3) During our stay in Yalta, we liked to watch the arrival of steamers. 4) My uncle, Mr. Sipyagin, my mother's brother, has matured me. (T.) 5) I pretended to be asleep. (JI. T.) 6) Tatyana believed in the pr.. tributes of the common folk antiquity. (P.) With the trusting hope of the first years, friends with a different soul pr .. gave themselves tender. (P.) - The presence of a comrade pr..gave him courage. (T.S.)
Write down the words with the missing letters. Prefixes designate.
1) I was approaching my destination. 2) The man immediately began to measure his sheepskin coat. 3) Garrison life had little attraction for me. 4) “Vasilisa Egorovna is a good .. brave lady,” Shvabrin remarked importantly. 5) Palashka pr .. brought us swords. We left the commandant, apparently, peaceful. 6) I understood the stubborn slander with which Shvabrin persecuted her [Masha]. 7) “Think carefully,” she added, “whether there will be any other obstacles from your relatives?” 8) The disdain with which he [father] mentioned Marya Ivanovna seemed to me just as obscene ... worthy as it was unfair. 9) I rarely met with Shvabrin and reluctantly, especially since I noticed in him an unpleasantness hidden to himself. 10) Suddenly they shouted in the crowd that the sovereign on a horse was waiting for the prisoners, etc., taking the right swear. 11) Our eyes met; in mine, he [Shvabrin] could read his vision, and he turned away with an expression of sincere malice and so-called creative mockery. 12) May God give you a hundred years of health for the fact that I, an old man, was mature and reassured. 13) Any word reminiscent of the alleged crime of the son was painful for him [the father]. 14) Here the notes of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev stop.
(A. Pushkin)
Make up phrases with these words and write them down. Indicate the ways of syntactic connection of the main and dependent words.
To transform, proceed, preparation, obstacle, overcome, obstacle, adventure, wrangling, reconcile, arrival, stay, excellent.
Write off. Label the underlined words.
Universal recognition, great pr. .educator, life pr ​​.. title, striving for studies, growing r.. stenia, continuously conducting extensive experimental research, overcoming obstacles, amazing perseverance, irresistible perseverance, pr .. fruits that taste good , ok .. give all possible support .. rzhku, continue the work you have begun.

Spelling of prefixes is an important section in the study of the Russian language. Vowels in the prefixes pre- and pre- depend on lexical meaning the words. Their spelling principles are few and not complicated. But, despite this, not only children, but also adults get confused in the rules when the vowel -e or -i is written. Consider the rule of writing pre-/at-.

In contact with

Prefix at-

Words with attached express:

1. Attachment and approach. Addition, application, come, come, fasten.
2. Incomplete action. To lull, to snuggle up, to jump up, to keep an eye on, to warm, to sip, to rise, to limp.
3. Being close to something. Save, near-mountain, bedside, front-line, suburban, railway station.
4. Gradual completion of the process. Taming, instill, get used to, addiction, reconciliation, save.

Note! What is incomplete action? These are expressing the half-action of a person or object, i.e. doing something incomplete. Get up - get up, sit down - sit down, lie down - lie down

learning Russian

The value of the prefix pre- can be expressed:

1. The superlative meaning of the word. Great, pre-important, wise, advantage, ripe, insipid.
2. The prefix pre- can be replaced by re-. Transient moment - passing (a moment that will change); to swim (obsolete form) - to swim across.

Important! In there are words in which pre- and come to the root of the word. It is difficult to explain the spelling of such words (in most cases it is), so it is better to remember them. Examples: president, price list, teacher, drug, throne, pretender, preference, private, privilege.

Spelling confusion can occur in homophones - words that sound the same but have different spellings. Convert - bring to life, pretend - close, transient - temporary, coming - appearing somewhere; despise - hate, despise - take care of someone; bow - respectfully lower, bow - bend down; to betray - to deceive, to attach - to strengthen the role of the subject.

Spelling prefixes pre-/pre- verbs

Pre-/attachment prefixes are often used with verbs, so we will pay special attention to them.

Words with the prefix pre- have the following interpretation:

1. Change something. The frog turned into a princess. Spring has changed everything around.
2. Implement = bring something to life.
3. Ending an action or process. Block the way, interrupt the speech, stop the crime, stop the activity, prevent the flow.
4. An action is above or below a certain measure. exalt, exceed, exceed, underestimate.
5. To abide = to live, to be, to exist. He lives in Rostov. = He is in Rostov.

You can use the hint site http://bezbukv.ru/mask/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5$/verb, on the page of which there are verbs with a prefix in which -e- is written.

Note! Most verbs with are found in works of fiction.

The prefix pre- is used in the spelling of verbs in the following cases:

1. Completion of an action or movement. Come, run, drive, fly.
2. The specific position of one object in relation to another. Apply a compress, glue a sheet, stick tightly, touch your hand, attach a shelf, attach details, pin a brooch.
3. Addition. Add speed, attribute too much, buy things, attach a balcony, increase capital.
4. Incomplete action. The verbs "sit down" and "lie down" can have the meaning of a short-term action. I lay down on the bed to take a nap. I'll sit down for a minute and run further on business.
5. The verbs of perception "look" and "listen" with the prefix pre- and postfix -sya express deepening into action - to look better, listen carefully.
6. The verbs “call” and “attract” with the prefix prefix = refer to someone, induce to action - call, attract.
7. The verbs “teach”, “tame”, “instill” (figurative meaning), “get used to” = transfer or acquisition of any qualities, properties, skills. Parents taught children to discipline. Animal lovers can even tame a lion. The teacher of literature instilled in us a love of poetry. Those who get used to getting up early do a lot.

The prefix pre- can be used with verbs not only literally but also figuratively. Verbs of motion fall under this category. Let's look at examples in which the verb "come" is in a figurative sense:

1. Meaning "get a certain result". We have arrived at a definite solution to this problem.
2. May contain a conclusion/conclusion or agreement. After working after school for two years, he came to the decision to leave his hometown and start life anew. As a result of lengthy negotiations, representatives of the two countries came to an agreement on territorial issues. The commission came to the conclusion that there were no violations in the work of the bank.
3. The meaning is "to agree", "to have a common decision". We argued for a long time where we should go on vacation, and when we came to a common opinion, we decided to go to the White Sea.
4. Meaning "understanding" or "realization". With age, he began to understand how important it is to protect health.
5. Meaning "get power". As a result of the elections, the Republicans came to power in the country.

In verbal parts of speech, the spelling pre-/pri will be preserved. Blocking - blocking - blocking, trying on - trying on - trying on.

To do this, in the Russian language there are four assignments of words, when writing or pronouncing which a person may have problems.

The first is the meaning of adjacency or closeness to something or to something. These are the words: “coastal” (village), “” (site).

The second is or joining something to something. Examples: "come" (to the city), "lean" (against the wall), "glue" (wallpaper).

The third is the meaning of the incompleteness or incompleteness of some action. For example, “close” (the door behind you), “crouch” (entering the door), “embellish” (story).

Fourth - bringing any action to an end. Such words are “shoot” (a sick animal), “invent” (a play).

Cases in which the prefix "pre-" is written

There are two of them in Russian. The first is the meaning of a high degree of quality of something, some action, or something that is close to being combined with the word “very”. For example, the words “nasty” (very nasty, possibly a person), “” (very long, for example, duty), “prevail” (pressure over something).

The second is proximity in its meaning to "re-". Words such as "transform" (change something), "transform" (change something) and "barrier" (blocking something in the way).

All of the above rules have two very important exceptions.

The first of them refers native speakers of the Russian language to the need to distinguish between words that are close in meaning, but different in spelling. Examples: "" (meaning "hate someone or something") and "contemplate" (meaning the provision of shelter), "bending" (for example, kneeling) and "bending" (branches closer to), "enduring" (some then difficulties or misfortunes) and “tolerance” (to some prevailing circumstances), as well as “” (a moment or moment) and “coming” (guest or employee).

The second describes other words that defy all other rules. It includes words in which it has historically merged with the root and is not singled out. For example, “nature”, “reason”, “claim”, “device” and at the same time the words “deceive”, “obstacle”, “contradict”. And also some borrowed words: “presidium”, “preamble”, “drug”, “privilege”, “primitive”, “private” and “priority”, which you just need to remember and memorize.

In case of difficulties with writing the last words, you should refer to the dictionary of the Russian language.

If you are having difficulty choosing between pre- and pre-, then in this article we will try to collect and summarize all the information related to this topic. First of all, the spelling of the prefixes pre- and depends on the meaning that they carry with their use in each particular case. There are, of course, exceptions, but we will talk about them a little later. If earlier you had difficulties regarding this moment, then after reading the article you will definitely be a little more savvy in the grammar of the Great and Mighty Russian language.

Values

So, what meanings can words with prefixes pre- and pre- carry. First, let's analyze the prefix pri-because it has several semantic loads. Namely:

• Approaching an object, adding some part to something (attach, fasten, run, buy, etc.).
• Completion of any action (to reconcile, cook, teach, etc.).
• Incompleteness of any action or its partial fulfillment (hold, open, sit down, etc.).
• The proximity of objects in space in relation to each other (seaside, coastal, backyard, etc.).
• Also used in verbs with suffixes -iva, -yva (sentence, dance, attach, etc.).

As we can see, the prefix prefix in Russian has many meanings. The prefix has much less of them. But they must also be known and remembered:

• In nouns, it denotes a high degree of quality of the named object or animated person (pretty, amusing, kind, etc.).
• With a verb, the prefix means an action that manifests itself to the highest degree (exaggerate, exalt, succeed, etc.).
• And, finally, if in a word it is close in meaning to (to block, interrupt, refract, etc.).

Thus, in order to be sure that the spelling of the prefix will be correct in a particular word, you need to know exactly its meaning. If you are still not sure what it means, then you can use the explanatory dictionary.

Dahl's or Ozhegov's dictionaries are perfect for this.

Worth remembering

And yet, as in any rule, there are moments that do not obey this very rule. Sometimes the use of the prefixes pre- and pre- may have nothing to do with the meaning of the word. Such words should simply be memorized or their full etymological analysis should be carried out.

In the words that came to us from other languages, the spelling of the prefix should be clarified only with the help of a spelling dictionary. Here are examples of such words: president, primacy, notorious, swear, preamble and many others. Many words imply the use of both prefixes. But depending on the choice and meaning of the word, and possibly the whole phrase, it will change dramatically. For example: bow - bow, transgress - proceed, stay - arrive, receiver - successor and a number of others. Sometimes the prefix, in the course of certain changes, has become part of the root: nature, adventure, invitation.

This rule, like any other, requires a certain amount of time to learn. But, it is worth noting that it is absolutely not necessary to cram it. After all, if your vocabulary is quite extensive, then making a choice between pre- and pre- prefixes in Russian is not at all difficult.

If you still have difficulties, you can try to write a short essay. Choose any topic that interests you and try to use as many of these prefixes as possible in it. And then check yourself with a dictionary or the Internet. And if the result does not suit you, you can do it regularly at some intervals, until the correct prefix is ​​used by itself.

check yourself

And yet the article is aimed at fixing the rules for using the prefixes pre- and pre-. Therefore, we gladly made a selection of words that, in our opinion, may cause difficulties in choosing the right prefix. After reading the article, try to substitute the missing letter in each word from the list below:

Pr_bautka, pr_Amursky, pr_shelets, pr_horn, pr_underneath, pr_zidium, pr_miera, pr_break, pr_serve, pr_parat, pr_ventive, pr_huge, pr_fect, pr_fairy tale, pr_slovous, pr_madonna, pr_burn, pr_lake, pr_feed, pr_passion, pr_torn, pr_ventive, pr_imagination pr_yskurant, pr_vatization.

We hope this article turned out to be really useful and you did 100% with our little test. If suddenly not, then you yourself can find many interesting exercises and tests on the shelves of bookstores or on the Internet.