Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev was born on November 23 (December 5), 1803 in the Ovstug estate, Oryol province.
In Tyutchev’s biography, primary education was received at home. He studied the poetry of Ancient Rome and Latin. Then he studied at the University of Moscow in the department of literature.
After graduating from the university in 1821, he began working at the College of Foreign Affairs. As a diplomat he goes to Munich. Subsequently, the poet spends 22 years abroad. Tyutchev’s great and most important love in life, Eleanor Peterson, was also met there. In their marriage they had three daughters.
The beginning of a literary journey
The first period in Tyutchev’s work falls on the years 1810-1820. Then youthful poems were written, very archaic and similar to the poetry of the last century.
The second period of the writer’s work (20s – 40s) is characterized by the use of forms of European romanticism and Russian lyrics. His poetry during this period became more original.
Return to Russia
The third period of his work was the 50s - early 70s. Tyutchev's poems did not appear in print during this period, and he wrote his works mainly on political topics.
The biography of Fyodor Tyutchev in the late 1860s was unsuccessful both in his personal life and in his creative life. The collection of Tyutchev's lyrics, published in 1868, did not gain much popularity, to put it briefly.
Death and legacy
Troubles broke him, his health deteriorated, and on July 15, 1873, Fyodor Ivanovich died in Tsarskoe Selo. The poet was buried in St. Petersburg at the Novodevichy cemetery.
Tyutchev's poetry numbers a little more than 400 poems. The theme of nature is one of the most common in the poet’s lyrics. So landscapes, dynamism, diversity of seemingly living nature are shown in such works by Tyutchev: “Autumn”, “Spring Waters”, “Enchanted Winter”, as well as many others. The image of not only nature, but also the mobility, power of streams, along with the beauty of water against the sky, is shown in Tyutchev’s poem “Fountain”.
Tyutchev's love lyrics are another of the poet's most important themes. A riot of feelings, tenderness, and tension are manifested in Tyutchev’s poems. Love, as a tragedy, as painful experiences, is presented by the poet in poems from a cycle called “Denisyevsky” (composed of poems dedicated to E. Denisyeva, the poet’s beloved).
Tyutchev's poems, written for children, are included in the school curriculum and are studied by students of different classes.
Chronological table
Other biography options
- Tyutchev was a very amorous person. In his life there was a relationship with Countess Amalia, then his marriage to E. Peterson. After her death, Ernestina Dernberg became Tyutchev's second wife. But he also cheated on her for 14 years with another lover, Elena Denisyeva.
- The poet dedicated poems to all his beloved women.
- In total, the poet had 9 children from different marriages.
- Remaining in public service all his life, Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev never became a professional writer.
- Tyutchev dedicated two poems
Russian poet, master of landscape, psychological, philosophical and patriotic lyrics, Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev comes from an ancient noble family. The future poet was born in the Oryol province, on the family estate of Ovstug (today it is the territory of the Bryansk region), on November 23, 1803. In terms of his era, Tyutchev is practically a contemporary of Pushkin, and, according to biographers, it is to Pushkin that he owes his unexpected fame as a poet, since due to the nature of his main activity he was not closely connected with the world of art.
Life and service
He spent most of his childhood in Moscow, where the family moved when Fedor was 7 years old. The boy studied at home, under the guidance of a home teacher, famous poet and translator, Semyon Raich. The teacher instilled in his ward a love of literature and noted his gift for poetic creativity, but the parents intended their son to have a more serious occupation. Since Fyodor had a gift for languages (from the age of 12 he knew Latin and translated ancient Roman poetry), at the age of 14 he began attending lectures by literature students at Moscow University. At the age of 15, he enrolled in a course in the Literature Department and joined the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature. Linguistic education and a candidate's degree in literary sciences allow Tyutchev to move in his career along the diplomatic line - at the beginning of 1822, Tyutchev entered the State College of Foreign Affairs and almost forever became an official diplomat.
Tyutchev spends the next 23 years of his life serving as part of the Russian diplomatic mission in Germany. He writes poetry and translates German authors exclusively “for the soul”; he has almost nothing to do with his literary career. Semyon Raich continues to maintain contact with his former student; he publishes several of Tyutchev’s poems in his magazine, but they do not find an enthusiastic response from the reading public. Contemporaries considered Tyutchev's lyrics somewhat old-fashioned, since they felt the sentimental influence of poets of the late 18th century. Meanwhile, today these first poems - “Summer Evening”, “Insomnia”, “Vision” - are considered one of the most successful in Tyutchev’s lyrics; they testify to his already accomplished poetic talent.
Poetic creativity
Alexander Pushkin brought Tyutchev his first fame in 1836. He selected 16 poems by an unknown author for publication in his collection. There is evidence that Pushkin meant the author to be a young aspiring poet and predicted a future for him in poetry, not suspecting that he had considerable experience.
His work becomes the poetic source of Tyutchev's civic poetry - the diplomat is too well aware of the price of peaceful relations between countries, as he witnesses the building of these relations. In 1848-49, the poet, having acutely felt the events of political life, created the poems “To a Russian Woman”, “Reluctantly and timidly...” and others.
The poetic source of love lyrics is largely a tragic personal life. Tyutchev first married at the age of 23, in 1826, to Countess Eleanor Peterson. Tyutchev did not love, but respected his wife, and she idolized him like no one else. The marriage, which lasted 12 years, produced three daughters. Once on a trip, the family had a disaster at sea - the couple were rescued from the icy water, and Eleanor caught a bad cold. After being ill for a year, the wife died.
Tyutchev married again a year later to Ernestine Dernberg, in 1844 the family returned to Russia, where Tyutchev again began climbing the career ladder - the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the position of Privy Councilor. But he dedicated the real pearls of his creativity not to his wife, but to a girl, the same age as his first daughter, who was brought together by a fatal passion with a 50-year-old man. The poems “Oh, how murderously we love...”, “All day she lay in oblivion...” are dedicated to Elena Denisyeva and compiled into the so-called “Denisyev cycle.” The girl, caught having an affair with a married old man, was rejected by both society and her own family; she bore Tyutchev three children. Unfortunately, both Denisyeva and two of their children died of consumption in the same year.
In 1854, Tyutchev was published for the first time in a separate collection, as an appendix to the issue of Sovremennik. Turgenev, Fet, Nekrasov begin to comment on his work.
62-year-old Tyutchev retired. He thinks a lot, walks around the estate, writes a lot of landscape and philosophical lyrics, is published by Nekrasov in the collection “Russian Minor Poets”, gains fame and genuine recognition.
However, the poet is crushed by losses - in the 1860s, his mother, brother, eldest son, eldest daughter, children from Denisyeva and herself died. At the end of his life, the poet philosophizes a lot, writes about the role of the Russian Empire in the world, about the possibility of building international relations on mutual respect and observance of religious laws.
The poet died after a serious stroke that affected the right side of his body on July 15, 1873. He died in Tsarskoe Selo, before his death he accidentally met his first love, Amalia Lerchenfeld, and dedicated one of his most famous poems, “I Met You,” to her.
Tyutchev’s poetic heritage is usually divided into stages:
1810-20 - the beginning of his creative path. The influence of sentimentalists and classical poetry is obvious in the lyrics.
1820-30 - the formation of handwriting, the influence of romanticism is noted.
1850-73 - brilliant, polished political poems, deep philosophical lyrics, “Denisevsky cycle” - an example of love and intimate lyrics.
Objective of the project:
- acquaintance of students with the facts of the biography of Tyutchev and Fet, with its reflection in poetic works;
- revealing the artistic features of the poetry of Tyutchev and Fet;
- comparison of the works of two poets, getting to know and reading the best works of poets.
February 2006
Study age: Grade 10
Presenters:
Evseeva Lyuda, Shubina Lyuba, Razuvaeva Tanya, Ilyainen Sasha, Tsytsareva Alesya, Bakhtilin Andrey
Readers:
Evseeva Luda, Shubina Lyuba, Ilyainen Sasha, Tsytsareva Alesya, Bakhtilin Andrey, Razuvaeva Tanya, Lavrinenko Irina, Radionov Vladislav, Morozova Yulia, Kondratov Sergey, Sabirova Alsou, Vardanyan Arsen, Lashunina Yulia, Kleoshkina Lida
Musical arrangement, photography:
Gatieva Alina
Design of wall newspapers: Maria Plotnikova, Maria Kolycheva
Selection of illustrative material: Evseeva Lyudmila, Kondratov Sergey
Living room decoration: Ilyainen Sasha, Evseeva Lyuda, Shubina Lyuba
Creating a presentation“Beloved women of F. Tyutchev and A. Fet”
Evseeva Lyudmila
Equipment:
- portraits of poets and beloved women;
- family portraits;
- book exhibition;
- tape recorder, cassettes;
- records of romances:
To the words of A.A. Fet “Don’t wake her up at dawn” (romance by P.I. Tchaikovsky);
- multimedia equipment;
Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich
Teacher:
A flowing flame has always been a symbol of eternal fire, the eternal memory of those who are no longer with us, but whom we love and remember. The candles that we light today are in memory of such wonderful poets as Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev and Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet. Candles also symbolize the unquenchable spiritual energy, the undying impulse of the soul of these poets.
The epigraph of our meeting today will be the words of Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet: “Intensify the battle of fearless hearts.” The whole life of these poets was aimed at serving the people, at awakening their feelings and elevating their souls. And today we will also come into contact with the wonderful heritage of these wonderful poets.
Leading:
Poetry F.I. Tyutchev and A.A. Fet are one of the most precious assets of classical literature. Interest in the work of great lyricist thinkers and inspired singers of nature is growing.
One is attracted not only by the tragic intensity of the lyrics of Tyutchev and Fet, but also by the life of the poets, extraordinary, bright, filled with dramatic turns.
Leading:
The fate of F.I. Tyutchev is unique, because there was no poet in Russia who attached so little importance to his fame, personal self-affirmation through poetry, whose creativity was simply the need of his soul.
(reading the poem “Spring Waters”)
The snow is still white in the fields,
And in the spring the waters are noisy,
They run and wake up the sleepy shore,
They run and shine and shout...
They say all over:
“Spring is coming, spring is coming!
We are messengers of young spring,
She sent us ahead!”
Spring is coming, spring is coming!
And quiet, warm May days
Ruddy, bright round dance
The crowd cheerfully follows her.
(no later than 1830)
Leading:
Most of what is written are poems dedicated to nature. One of the very few purely landscape poems by Tyutchev, “There is in the primordial autumn...”, which Leo Tolstoy loved so much.
Tyutchev really has a keen eye for landscapes. He feels the charm of early autumn, when an immense expanse opens up, and the field worker, having completed his “work,” rests.
(reading the poem “There is in the original autumn...”)
There is in the initial autumn
A short but wonderful time -
The whole day is like crystal,
And the evenings are radiant...
Where the cheerful sickle walked and the ear fell,
Now everything is empty - space is everywhere, -
Only a web of thin hair
Glistens on the idle furrow,
The air is empty, the birds are no longer heard,
But the first winter storms are still far away -
And pure and warm azure flows
To the resting field...
Leading:
Most of all, Tyutchev is attracted to spring, as the triumph of life over decay, as a symbol of the renewal of the world.
(reading the poem “Spring Thunderstorm”)
I love the storm in early May,
When spring, the first thunder,
As if frolicking and playing,
Rumbling in the blue sky.
Young peals thunder,
The rain is splashing, the dust is flying,
Rain pearls hung,
And the sun gilds the threads.
A swift stream runs down the mountain,
The noise of birds in the forest is not silent,
And the noise of the forest, and the noise of the mountains -
Everything cheerfully echoes the thunder.
You will say: windy Hebe,
Feeding Zeus's eagle,
A thunderous goblet from the sky,
Laughing, she spilled it on the ground.
(1828, early 1850)
Presenter 1.
“Spring Storm” conveys the sublime Tyutchev-like beauty of the world. We see “blue sky”, “rain pearls”, “golden threads of the sun”; we hear “the first thunder rumbles”, “the rumble of peals”, “the din of birds”.
Tyutchev summer is also very often stormy. Nature is full of movement, full of sounds, colors.
(reading the poem “Reluctantly and timidly”)
Reluctantly and timidly
The sun looks over the fields.
Chu, it thundered behind the cloud,
The earth frowned.
Warm wind gusts,
Distant thunder and rain sometimes...
Green fields
Greener under the storm.
Here I broke through from behind the clouds
Blue lightning jet -
A white and volatile flame bordered its edges.
More often than raindrops,
Dust flies like a whirlwind from the fields,
And thunderclaps
Getting angrier and bolder.
The sun looked again
From under your brows to the fields,
And drowned in the radiance
The whole earth is in turmoil. (6 June 1849)
Host: And poems about winter fascinate with their music and witchcraft.
(reading the poem “The forest is bewitched by the Enchantress of Winter...”)
Enchantress in Winter
The forest is bewitched
And under the snow fringe,
motionless, mute,
He shines with a wonderful life.
And he stands, bewitched, -
Not dead and not alive -
Enchanted by a magical dream,
All entangled, all enveloped
Light down chain...
Does the winter sun shine?
On him your ray with a scythe -
Nothing will tremble in him,
It will all flare up and sparkle
Dazzling beauty.
Tyutchev depicts nature not from the outside, not as an observer and photographer. He tries to understand the soul of nature, to hear its voice. Tyutchev's nature is a living, intelligent being.
Leading:
The predominance of landscapes is one of the hallmarks of Tyutchev’s lyrics. But it would be more correct to call it landscape-philosophical. Endowing nature with human qualities, Tyutchev often used its images to reveal his thoughts about man, about the clash of good and evil in his soul, about the duality of human consciousness, about the Universe and its structure, about man and his place in the world, about humanity, culture, civilization, about the universe and existence in general.
(reading the poem “Dreams”)
As the ocean envelops the globe,
Earthly life is surrounded by dreams...
Night will come - and with sonorous waves
The element hits its shore.
That's her voice: he forces us and asks...
Already in the magical pier the boat came to life;
The tide is rising and sweeping us away quickly
Into the immeasurability of dark waves.
The vault of heaven, burning with the glory of the stars,
Looks mysteriously from the depths, -
And we float, a burning abyss
Surrounded on all sides
(beginning 1830)
There is no identity between nature and man, but there is also no abyss separating them. The boundaries between them are mobile and permeable.
Sometimes a person feels the desire to completely merge with nature, to dissolve in it.
(reading the poem “How good you are, O night sea”)
How good you are, O night sea, -
It's radiant here, dark gray there...
In the moonlight, as if alive,
It walks and breathes and shines...
In the endless, in the free space
Shine and movement, roar and thunder...
The sea is bathed in a dim glow,
How good you are in the solitude of the night!
You are a great swell, you are a sea swell,
Whose holiday are you celebrating like this?
The waves rush, thundering and sparkling,
Sensitive stars look from above.
In this excitement, in this radiance,
All as if in a dream, I stand lost -
Oh, how willingly I would be in their charm
I would drown my entire soul...
(January 1865)
Leading:
It’s an amazing thing: Tyutchev lived a great life, just short of his seventieth birthday (born on December 5, 1803, died on July 28, 1873), but we perceive him despite the wisdom and, as it were, the “original” maturity of the spirit of his poetry , always passionately in love and, therefore, forever young. Tyutchev's love is always filled with dramatic and often painfully unresolvable conflicts, but at the same time it personifies the highest joy of life.
And who, for example, can remain indifferent, indifferent to the delight of the spring and youthful awakening in the soul, which the poet captured in the famous “I Met You...”
(the romance “I met you..." sounds)
I met you - and everything is gone
In the obsolete heart came to life;
I remembered the golden time -
And my heart felt so warm...
Like late autumn sometimes
There is an hour
When suddenly it starts to feel like spring
And something will stir within us, -
So, all covered in a breeze
Those years of spiritual fullness,
With a long-forgotten rapture
I look at the cute features...
Like after a century of separation,
I look at you as if in a dream, -
And now the sounds became louder,
Not silent in me...
There is more than one memory here,
Here life spoke again, -
And you have the same charm,
And that love is in my soul!..
Leading:
The poet's love lyrics reflected his personal life, full of passions, tragedies, and disappointments.
In 1826, Tyutchev married the widow of a Russian diplomat, Eleanor Peterson, although shortly before his marriage he was carried away by Amalia Lerchenfeld, and it was to her that he dedicated the poem “I Met You...”, which became a popular romance.
7 years later, Tyutchev’s affair with Ernestina Dernberg began. After a nervous and physical shock (a fire on the ship on which Eleanor and her 3 daughters were returning from Russia to Italy), Tyutchev’s wife dies. According to family legend, “Tyutchev, having spent the night at the tomb of his first wife, turned gray from grief.”
Later Tyutchev married Ernestina Dernberg.
Leading:
When Tyutchev was 47 years old, a love affair began that enriched Russian poetry with an immortal lyrical cycle. The Denisyevsky cycle is the pinnacle of Tyutchev’s love lyrics. 24-year-old Elena Aleksandrovna Denisyeva studied at the Smolny Institute with Tyutchev’s daughters. They fell in love with each other and were connected by civil marriage and children for 14 years. The complexity of the situation was that Tyutchev still loved his second wife Ernestina and his family. In the eyes of high society, the connection with Denisova was scandalous; the entire burden of condemnation and rejection fell on Deniseva’s shoulders. They refused to accept her in the best homes, the world turned away from her. She loved Tyutchev selflessly, but also suffered from the inability to openly be with the poet. Denisyeva's death from consumption caused an outburst of deepest despair in the poet, which was reflected in the poems of this period.
Amalia Lerchenfeld
(1808 - 1888) 1828
Oh Lord, give me burning suffering
And dispel the deadness of my soul.
You took it, but the torment of remembering it,
Leave me living flour for it, -
According to her, according to her, who accomplished her feat
All the way to the end in a desperate struggle
So ardently, so ardently loved
In defiance of both people and fate, -
For her, for her, fate that did not overcome,
But she didn’t allow herself to be defeated,
According to her, according to her, who knew how to do it to the end
Suffer, pray, believe and love.
Leading:
Love for Denisyeva resulted in poems called the “Denisyevsky cycle” (1850-1865).
In terms of her psychological make-up, the beloved in the “Denisyev cycle” resembles Turgenev’s heroines. For Tyutchev and Turgenev, love is a “fatal duel.”
(reading the poem “Predestination”)
Love, love - says the legend -
Union of the soul with the dear soul -
Their union, combination,
And their fatal merger,
And... the fatal duel...
And which one is more tender?
In the unequal struggle of two hearts,
The more inevitable and more certain,
Loving, suffering, sadly melting,
It will finally wear out...
(between July 1850 and mid-1851)
Leading:
In the 50s, a relatively specific hero appeared in Tyutchev’s poetry, possessing typical features. It turned out to be a woman.
The poet comprehends female nature, strives to understand her essence, place in life and her destiny. The poems are permeated with torment and pain, melancholy and despair, memories of past happiness, fragile, like everything on earth.
(reading the poem “She was sitting on the floor...”)
She was sitting on the floor
And I sorted through a pile of letters,
And, like cooled ash,
She picked them up and threw them away.
Elena Aleksandrovna Deniseva
(1826 – 1864)
I took familiar sheets
And I looked at them so wonderfully,
How souls look from above
The body thrown on them...
Oh, how much life there was here,
Irreversibly experienced!
Oh, how many sad moments
Love and joy killed!..
I stood silently on the sidelines
And I was ready to fall on my knees, -
And I felt terribly sad,
Like from the inherent sweet shadow,
(no later than April 1858)
Tyutchev portrayed love as a feeling and as a relationship between people, subject to the influence of society. His heroes are not people cut off from life, but ordinary people, good, weak and strong at the same time, unable to unravel the tangle of contradictions in which they find themselves.
(reading the poem “Oh, how murderously we love...”)
Oh, how murderously we love,
As in the violent blindness of passions
We are most likely to destroy,
What is dear to our hearts!
How long ago, proud of my victory,
You said: she is mine...
A year has not passed - ask and find out,
What was left of her?
Where did the roses go?
The smile of the lips and the sparkle of the eyes?
Everything was scorched, tears burned out
With its flammable moisture.
Leading:
F.I. Tyutchev worked all his life in the public sphere: for many years in the diplomatic service outside Russia, then as a senior censor and chairman of the Committee for Foreign Censorship. He honestly served the interests of Russia, as his convictions told him, he was a patriot and citizen of his Motherland, passionately wishing for the good and prosperity of his people. He loved Russia, burning with love for her, and he owned the lines that became an aphorism:
(reading the poem “You can’t understand Russia with your mind...")
You can't understand Russia with your mind,
The general arshin cannot be measured:
She will become special -
Russia can only be trusted.
Leading:
Tyutchev's poetry is among the best creations of the Russian poetic genius, close to Tyutchev, an inspired contemplator of nature; Tyutchev, the sensitive seer of the human heart, is dear to us; Tyutchev is dear to us - a patriot and citizen.
Ernestina Dörnberg
Fet Afanasy Afanasyevich
Leading:
Both the personality, fate, and creative biography of this poet/A.A. Fet/ are unusual and full of mysteries, some of which have not yet been solved. 2005 marked the 185th anniversary of his birth.
Fet's poetry is a mystery. Elusive sounds are formed into words, and the melody of the verse is heard, giving rise to associations with color, with feeling, with thought.
(reading the poem “The lake fell asleep...")
The lake fell asleep; the black forest is silent;
A white mermaid swims casually out;
Like a young swan, the moon among the skies
It glides and contemplates its double on the moisture.
The fishermen fell asleep near the sleepy lights;
The pale sail does not move a fold;
Sometimes a heavy carp splashes among the reeds,
Letting a wide circle run through the smooth moisture.
How quiet... I hear every sound and rustle;
But the sounds of the silence of the night do not interrupt, -
Let the nightingale trill lively,
Let the grass sway on the mermaid's water...
Leading:
Love and nature are A. Fet’s favorite themes. Fet's nature always shines, rejoices, and trembles. In it, even when it rains or snow falls, everything is full of life:
The night is bright, the frost is shining,
Come out - the snow is crunching,
Pristyazhnaya gets cold
And it doesn’t stand still.
Leading:
For the poet, nature is a source of joy, philosophical optimism and unexpected discoveries:
(reading the poem “This morning, this joy...”)
This morning, this joy,
This power of both day and light,
This blue vault
This cry and strings,
These flocks, these birds,
This talk of the waters
These willows and birches,
These drops are these tears,
This fluff is not a leaf,
These mountains, these valleys,
These midges, these bees,
This noise and whistle,
These dawns without eclipse,
This sigh of the night village,
This night without sleep
This darkness and heat of the bed,
This fraction and these trills,
This is all spring.
The poet sees in nature what others have not noticed: he is in awe of the sad birch tree, admires the endless expanses, admires the snow, listens to the silence.
(reading the poem “Sad Birch”)
Sad birch
At my window
And the whim of frost
She's dismantled.
Like bunches of grapes
The ends of the branches hang, -
And joyful to look at
All mourning attire.
I love the game of Lucifer
I notice on her
And I'm sorry if the birds
They will shake off the beauty of the branches.
Leading:
Fet's lyrics fascinate, take you into a special world created according to incomprehensible laws of rhythm.
He sought to capture not the movements of love and nature themselves, but the impressions of these movements.
Of all Fet’s early poems, the poem “Whisper, Timid Breath” is the most unusual and unconventional. The poet built the entire poem on parallelism: the natural world and the human world. And although there is not a single verb, the poem is full of action.
(reading the poem “Whisper, Timid Breath”)
Whispers, timid breathing,
The trill of a nightingale,
Silver and sway
Sleepy stream,
Night light, night shadows,
Shadows without end.
A series of magical changes
Sweet face
There are purple roses in the smoky clouds,
The reflection of amber
And kisses and tears,
And dawn, and dawn!..
Leading:
The poem has been written about, and on various occasions. Parodies were written. In the minds of readers and critics, it became “the most Fetov-esque poem,” a kind of poetic self-portrait. “Whispers, timid breathing...” caused a literary scandal.
Leading:
The obscure poet of the Nekrasov school Nikolai Worms, in a witty parody, showed Fet’s poem as a meaningless set of chaotic phrases:
The sounds of music and trills, -
The trill of a nightingale,
And under the thick linden trees
Both she and I.
And she, and I, and trills,
Sky and moon.
Trills, me, her and the sky,
Heaven and her.
Leading:
Fet's poem was twice parodied by Dmitry Minaev, a witty satirist with a brilliant command of the pen.
There is no bow from the servants,
Hats on one side,
And the worker Semyon
Cheating and laziness.
There are strange geese in the fields.
The insolence of the goslings, -
Disgrace, the death of Rus',
And debauchery, debauchery!..
Leading:
In another parody, Minaev played on the contrast between the poet’s biography and his work.
Stomping, joyful neighing,
Slender squadron.
The bugler's trill, swaying
Waving banners...
Ammunition is fine
A reflection of silver -
And march-march at full speed,
And hurray, hurray!
But all the parodies do not detract from the merits of Fet’s poems. The poem was highly appreciated by Turgenev, Druzhinin, Botkin and Dostoevsky. And for us, Fet’s poem is certainly one of the best examples of his lyrics
Leading:
The poem “I came to you with greetings” is wonderful. The poem is written on the theme of love. The topic is old and eternal. And Fet’s poem exudes freshness and novelty; it is unlike anything else.
(reading the poem “I came to you with greetings”)
I came to you with greetings
Tell me that the sun has risen
What is it with hot light
The sheets began to flutter;
Tell me that the forest has woken up,
All woke up, every branch,
Every bird was startled
And full of thirst in spring;
Tell me that with the same passion,
Like yesterday, I came again,
That the soul is still the same happiness
And I’m ready to serve you;
Tell me that from everywhere
It blows over me with joy,
That I don’t know myself that I will
Sing - but only the song is ripening.
Leading:
Fet’s poems about love were sublime and wise in Pushkin’s way. It is no coincidence that many of them became romances, the performance of which even now gives rise to a range of feelings in the soul of every person.
(P.I. Tchaikovsky’s recording “At dawn don’t wake her” sounds)
Like Tyutchev, in Fet’s life there were specific meetings with extraordinary and yet earthly women who inspired the creation of poetry. The poet praised female beauty in his poems.
Fet has a whole series of lyrical messages addressed to Sofya Andreevna Tolstaya, Tatyana Kuzminskaya, her sister, Elena Khomutova, Sologub and many other women.
Leading:
One of the poet’s best poems, one of the best examples of Russian love lyrics, is the poem “The Night Was Shining,” dedicated to Tatyana Kuzminskaya.
(reading the poem “The Night Shined”)
The night was shining, the garden was full of moonlight. were lying
Rays at our feet in a living room without lights.
The piano was all open, and the strings in it were trembling,
Like our hearts for your song
You sang until dawn, exhausted in tears,
That you alone are love, that there is no other love,
And I wanted to live so much so that
To love you, hug you and cry over you.
And many years have passed, tedious and boring,
And in the silence of the night I hear your voice again,
And it blows, as then, in these sonorous sighs,
That you are alone - all life, that you are alone - love.
That there are no insults from fate and burning torment in the heart,
But there is no end to life, and there is no other goal,
As soon as you believe in the sobbing sounds,
Love you, hug you and cry over you!
Leading:
Believing in the beautiful, loving the beautiful is the poet’s high happiness and his highest goal.
(reading the poem “I won’t tell you anything”)
I won't tell you anything
And I won’t worry you at all,
And what I silently repeat,
I don't dare hint at anything.
Night flowers sleep all day long,
But as soon as the sun sets behind the grove,
The leaves are quietly opening,
And I hear my heart bloom.
And into the sore, tired chest
The moisture of the night blows... I'm trembling,
I won't alarm you at all
I won't tell you anything.
Leading:
Tyutchev and Fet were perceived by many contemporaries as great sages and humanists who transform suffering, tragedy, pain into beauty and joy:
“Instantly feel like your own. Whisper about something that makes your tongue go numb. Strengthen the fight of fearless hearts.”
This is exactly how the work of wonderful poets: Tyutchev and Fet is perceived today, in the ineradicable ability to “pass everything through the heart.”
Fyodor Tyutchev is a famous Russian lyricist, poet-thinker, diplomat, conservative publicist, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences since 1857, privy councilor.
Tyutchev wrote his works mainly in the direction of romanticism and pantheism. His poems are very popular both in Russia and throughout the world.
In his youth, Tyutchev spent his days reading poetry (see) and admiring their creativity.
In 1812, the Tyutchev family was forced to move to Yaroslavl due to the outbreak.
They remained in Yaroslavl until the Russian army finally expelled the French army, led by.
Thanks to his father’s connections, the poet was enrolled in the College of Foreign Affairs as a provincial secretary. Later, Fyodor Tyutchev becomes a freelance attaché of the Russian diplomatic mission.
During this period of his biography, he works in Munich, where he meets Heine and Schelling.
Tyutchev's creativity
In addition, he continues to write poetry, which he later publishes in Russian publications.
During the period of biography 1820-1830. he wrote such poems as “Spring Thunderstorm”, “Like the Ocean Envelops the Globe...”, “Fountain”, “Winter is not angry for nothing...” and others.
In 1836, the Sovremennik magazine published 16 works by Tyutchev under the general title “Poems sent from Germany.”
Thanks to this, Fyodor Tyutchev is gaining great popularity in his homeland and abroad.
At the age of 45, he receives the position of senior censor. At this time, the lyricist continues to write poetry, which arouses great interest in society.
Amalia Lerchenfeld However, the relationship between Tyutchev and Lerchenfeld never reached the wedding. The girl chose to marry the wealthy Baron Krudner.
The first wife in Tyutchev’s biography was Eleonora Fedorovna. In this marriage they had 3 daughters: Anna, Daria and Ekaterina.
It is worth noting that Tyutchev had little interest in family life. Instead, he liked to spend his free time in noisy companies in the company of representatives of the fairer sex.
Soon, at one of the social events, Tyutchev met Baroness Ernestina von Pfeffel. An affair began between them, which everyone immediately found out about.
When the poet's wife heard about this, she, unable to bear the shame, struck herself in the chest with a dagger. Fortunately, there was only a minor injury.
Tyutchev's first wife Eleanor (left) and his second wife Ernestine von Pfeffel (right) Despite the incident and condemnation in society, Fyodor Ivanovich was never able to part with the baroness.
After the death of his wife, he immediately married Pfeffel.
However, having married the baroness, Tyutchev immediately began to cheat on her. For many years he had a close relationship with Elena Deniseva, whom we have already mentioned.
Death
In the last years of his life, Tyutchev lost many relatives and people dear to him.
In 1864, his mistress Elena, whom he considered his muse, passed away. Then his mother, brother and his own daughter Maria died.
All this had a negative impact on Tyutchev’s condition. Six months before his death, the poet was paralyzed, as a result of which he became bedridden.
Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev died on July 15, 1873 at the age of 69. The poet was buried in St. Petersburg at the Novodevichy Convent cemetery.
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It is not known how the life of our compatriot could have developed if he had devoted himself entirely to literature. After all, even as a diplomat, corresponding member, and privy councilor, he managed to clearly and confidently declare himself as a poet.
Childhood and youth
The future diplomat was born into a family belonging to an old noble family. This happened on November 23 (December 5), 1803. The boy was born in the family estate of Ovstug, Bryansk district, Oryol province. Little Fedya spent his childhood here. An image of Fedya, made on porcelain by an unknown artist, has survived. Here the child is three or four years old.
Father, Ivan Nikolaevich, was a role model: calm, gentle, reasonable. A good family man, a loving husband and father - this was the description given by his contemporaries. In the future, Fyodor’s college friend will write in his diary: “I looked at the Tyutchevs, thought about family happiness. If only everyone lived as simply as they do.”
And here is how ten-year-old Fyodor describes his father in a poem that is considered the very first known to us. The boy called him “Dear daddy!”
And this is what my heart told me:
In the arms of a happy family,
The most tender husband, philanthropic father,
True friend of good and patron of the poor,
May your precious days pass in peace!
Mother - Ekaterina Lvovna Tolstaya, an interesting, pleasant woman with a subtle nature and a sensual soul. Probably, her rich imagination and dreaminess were inherited by her youngest son Fedenka. Ekaterina Lvovna was related to the famous sculptor, Count F.P. Tolstoy. She is his second cousin. Through his mother, Fyodor met Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy and Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy.
As was customary among the nobility, the child received home education. The parents took care of a teacher for their son. It was Semyon Egorovich Raich - a wonderful teacher, poet, journalist, translator. Thanks to his talent, the teacher was able to convey love to the pupil and develop a desire to study literature. It was he who encouraged his student’s first poetic experience and, undoubtedly, had a beneficial influence on the formation of the future poet’s creativity.
As a fifteen-year-old boy, Fyodor attended Moscow University as a volunteer and, even before enrolling, in November 1818 he became a student at the Faculty of History and Philology in the literature department. The young man graduated from the university in 1821 with a candidate's degree in literary sciences.
Life abroad
The young official was accepted into the public service on March 18, 1822. He will serve in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. And already in the summer, Fyodor Ivanovich goes to his place of service in the city of Munich on a diplomatic mission. The diplomat makes new business and personal acquaintances. Now he is personally acquainted with Heinrich Heine, a famous German poet, critic and publicist. With the German philosopher Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling. In his diary, Schelling wrote about Tyutchev: “He is an excellent person, a very educated person with whom you always enjoy talking.”
Here, in Munich, Tyutchev got married for the first time. Portraits of the poet's first wife, Eleanor Peterson, testify to her exquisite attractiveness and ability to present herself. At the time of her acquaintance with Fyodor Tyutchev, the young woman had already been a widow for a year and had four young sons. This is probably why the young people hid their relationship for several years.
This marriage was successful. Three daughters were born there. After eleven years of marriage, Fyodor wrote to his parents: “...I want you, who love me, to know that no one has ever loved another the way she loves me...”
Fyodor did not dedicate poems to his first wife. Only a poem dedicated to her memory is known:
At the hours when it happens
It's so heavy on my chest
And the heart languishes,
And darkness is only ahead;
.........................................
So sweet and gracious
Airy and light
to my soul a hundredfold
Your love was there.
Tyutchev’s biographers tell us that despite his love for his wife, the diplomat also has other connections. However, quite serious. In the winter of 1833, at a social event, Fyodor Ivanovich met Baroness Ernestina von Pfeffel, Dernberg’s first marriage. The poet becomes interested in a young widow, writes poetry to her, and actually creates a fatal love triangle.
Probably, if this passion did not exist, we would not read such poems:
I love your eyes, my friend,
With their fiery-wonderful play,
When you suddenly lift them up
And, like lightning from heaven,
Take a quick look around the whole circle...
But there is a stronger charm:
Eyes downcast
In moments of passionate kissing,
And through lowered eyelashes
A gloomy, dim fire of desire.
To avoid compromising information at the embassy, it was decided to send the loving chamberlain to Turin.
It is unknown how the drama of the love triangle could have played out, but in 1838 Eleanor dies. Fyodor Ivanovich sincerely grieves and experiences her death as a great loss.
A year later, having endured the required mourning, nothing prevents Fyodor Ivanovich from marrying his former mistress Ernestine Dernberg. She was a rich, beautiful, educated woman. The poet developed a deep spiritual connection with her. The couple always treated each other with respect. They had children. First a girl, then two sons.
In total, the diplomat spent 22 years abroad.
Life in Russia
From 1844 to 1848 Tyutchev served in Russia. At the Ministry of Foreign Affairs he was entrusted with the position of senior censor. There is a lot of work, there is almost no time left for poetry. No matter how busy the senior censor was, he found time for his family. Among other things, Fyodor Ivanovich visits his daughters, who were just studying at the institute. During one of his visits to Daria and Ekaterina, the amorous Fyodor Ivanovich met Elena Alexandrovna Denisyeva, the same age as his eldest daughters. The relationship began and lasted until Elena’s death. A large number of poems are dedicated to this woman. Three children were born from this relationship.
Elena put everything on the altar of her love: her relationship with her father, with her friends, her career as a maid of honor. She was probably happy with the poet, who was torn between two families and dedicated poems to her.
But if the soul could
Find peace here on earth,
You would be a blessing to me -
You, you, my earthly providence!..
Even fifteen years later, poetry flows about this difficult relationship.
Today, friend, fifteen years have passed
Since that blissfully fateful day,
How she breathed in her whole soul,
How she poured all of herself into me...
At this time, Tyutchev stood at a fairly high level in the hierarchy of officials. Since 1857 - active state councilor, since 1858 - chairman of the Committee of Foreign Censorship, since 1865 - privy councilor.
Tyutchev was awarded state awards: the Imperial Order of St. Anne, the Imperial and Royal Order of St. Stanislav, the Imperial Order of St. Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir.
After the death of his mistress in 1864, the poet does not even try to hide his pain of loss to strangers. He is tormented by pangs of conscience. The poet considers himself guilty because he put his beloved in a false position. He reproaches himself even more for the unfulfilled promise; a collection of poems dedicated to Denisyeva has not been published. And the death of two children together with Elena completely brought the poet to insensibility.
Fyodor Ivanovich lived 69 years. I have been sick for the last few years. He died in the arms of his second legal wife, whom he also loved and respected.
Periodization of poetry
Some of the poet's poems are the property of Russian classics!
Biographers divide Tyutchev’s work into three main periods:
➤ 1st period - initial. These are the years 1810-1820 - youthful poems, stylistically close to the 18th century.
➤ 2nd period - original poetics, 1820-1840. Individual traits with traditional European romanticism and a mixture of solemnity.
➤
3rd period - from 1850. Tyutchev did not write poetry for almost ten years. Poems written in the last ten years of his life are similar to the poet’s lyrical diary. They contain confessions, reflections, and confession.
The poem, written in 1870, “I met you - and all the past”, like a farewell chord, reveals the poet’s soul. This is a real pearl of Fyodor Ivanovich’s creativity. These poems and music by composer and conductor Leonid Dmitrievich Malashkin made the romance “I Met You” one of the most famous and recognizable.
A capable, brilliant and very amorous man, Fyodor Ivanovich lived a decent life, trying to remain honest to the end with himself, his Motherland, his lovers, and his children.
