Russia is located in the east of Europe and in the north of Asia, occupying about 1/3 of the territory of Eurasia and 1/9 of the earth's land. The European part of the country (about 23% of the area) includes territories to the west of the Ural Mountains (the border is conditionally drawn along the Urals and the Kumo-Manych depression); The Asian part of Russia, which occupies about 76% of the territory, lies to the east of the Urals and is also called Siberia (however, the exact definition of the boundaries of Siberia is a matter of dispute) and the Far East. The total length of Russia's borders is 60,933 km (of which 38,808 km are maritime borders); Russia's borders in the north and east are maritime, in the south and west they are mostly land. Despite the fact that Russia is the largest country in the world in terms of area, the climatic and soil conditions in most of its territory do not favor agriculture.

Russia is one of the most water-provided countries in the world. The country has one of the world's largest reserves of fresh water. Surface waters occupy 12.4% of the territory of Russia, while 84% of surface waters are concentrated to the east of the Urals; many densely populated areas of the European part of Russia experience a shortage of water resources. Production needs prevail in the structure of water use.

In Russia there are the deepest lake in the world (Baikal), the longest river in Europe (Volga) and the largest lake in Europe (Ladoga), the cold pole of the Northern Hemisphere (Verkhoyansk), as well as the highest peak in Europe (Elbrus) (when drawing the border between Europe and Asia along Greater Caucasus Range, and not along the rivers Kum and Manych to the mouth of the Don).

Lakes of Russia.

There are over 2.5 million lakes in Russia. The largest lakes are the Caspian, Ladoga, Onega, Baikal. The Caspian is the largest lake in the world in terms of area, and the deepest is Baikal. The lakes are very unevenly distributed. There are especially many of them in the Vilyui basin, on the West Siberian Plain and in the north-west of the European Plain - in Karelia. All these areas are in conditions of excessive moisture. To the south, in the zone of steppes and semi-deserts with their arid climate, the number of lakes decreases sharply, and many lakes have saline or brackish water. Salty are such drainless large lakes as the Caspian Sea, as well as lakes Elton and Baskunchak, where table salt is mined.
There are countless smaller lakes, located mainly in the poorly drained lowlands of the Russian and West Siberian Plains, especially in the more northern regions. Some of them reach significant sizes, in particular, Lake Beloe (1.29 thousand sq. km.), Topozero (0.98 thousand sq. km.), Vygozero (0.56 thousand sq. km.) and Lake Ilmen (0.98 thousand sq. km.) in the territory of the European north-west of the country, and Lake Chany (1.4-2 thousand sq. km.) in the south-west of Siberia.
Lakes also differ in the origin of the basins. Lakes of tectonic origin are located in troughs and dips of the earth's crust. The largest tectonic lake Baikal is located in a graben and therefore reaches a depth of 1637 m.
Glacial-tectonic lake basins arose as a result of glacier processing of tectonic depressions in the earth's crust: Imandra, Ladoga, Onega. In Kamchatka and the Kuriles, lakes are mainly of volcanic origin. In the northwest of the European Plain, the origin of lake basins is associated with continental glaciations. Many basins are located between moraine hills: Seliger, Valdai.
As a result of landslides, dammed lakes arose in mountain valleys: Sarez in the Pamirs, Ritsa in the Caucasus. Small lakes appear above karst sinkholes. In the south of Western Siberia, there are many saucer-shaped lakes that arose as a result of subsidence of loose rocks. When ice melts in permafrost areas, saucer-shaped shallow lakes also form. The oxbow lakes are located on the floodplains of lowland rivers. On the shores of the Black and Azov Seas there are lakes-estuaries.
All large and largest lakes in Russia are widely used in the national economy. They catch and breed fish. Especially a lot of fish, including the most valuable sturgeon, are caught in the Caspian. There is omul fishing in Baikal. The lakes are also used for navigation. A variety of minerals are mined in the basins of the lakes: oil and mirabilite in the Caspian Sea, table salt in Elton and Baskunchak.

The largest lakes in Russia.

Caspian Sea, area - 376,000 square kilometers, maximum depth - 1,025 meters.
Lake Baikal, area - 31,500 square kilometers, maximum depth - 1,620 meters.
Lake Ladoga, area - 17,700 square kilometers, maximum depth - 230 meters.
Lake Onega, area - 9,690 sq. km., maximum depth - 127 meters.
Taimyr lakes, area - 4,560 sq. km., maximum depth - 26 meters.
Lake Khanka, area - 4,190 sq. km., maximum depth - 11 meters.
Lake Peipus-Pskovskoye, area - 3,550 sq. km., maximum depth - 15 meters.
Lake Chany, area - 1 708-2 269 sq. km., the greatest depth - up to 10 meters.
White Lake, area - 1,290 sq. km., maximum depth - 6 meters.
Topozero, area - 986 sq. km., the greatest depth - 56 meters.
Lake Ilmen, area - 982 sq. km., the greatest depth - up to 10 meters.
Lake Imandra, area - 876 sq. km., maximum depth - 67 meters.
Khantai lake, area - 822 sq. km., maximum depth - 420 meters.
Segozero, area - 815 sq. km., maximum depth - 97 meters.
Kulunda Lake, area - 728 sq. km., the greatest depth - 4 meters.
Teletskoye lake, area - 223 sq. km., maximum depth - 325 meters.

Rivers of Russia.

Russia occupies a vast geographical area, and it is not surprising that numerous rivers spread over its expanses, which played an important historical role in the settlement and development of new lands. Almost all the largest cities of the country are located on the rivers. Within Russia there are about 3 million rivers with a total length of almost 10 million km. Most of the Russian rivers belong to the Arctic Ocean basin. It makes up over 66% of the country's area; up to 80% of atmospheric precipitation falls within its limits. The rivers flowing into the northern seas are the longest and most full-flowing in Russia. The longest river Lena is 4400 km. The most full-flowing river is the Yenisei (623 km3 per year). In terms of catchment area, the first place in the country is occupied by the Ob (2975 sq. km.). The rivers of the Arctic Ocean are freezing. In winter, a winter road is installed along them for about four months - roads for the movement of cars and sledges.
The largest rivers of Siberia originate in the south of the country in the Altai, Sayan and Baikal mountains. The rivers of the Arctic Ocean basin are fed by snow and rain. In the spring, due to the melting of snow on the rivers, the water rises. The flood begins in the south, and in the north the ice for a long time prevents the flow of melt water to the ocean. Therefore, on all rivers of the Arctic Ocean basin in the middle and lower reaches, high water rises occur in spring. In the southern parts of the rivers of Siberia are swift and rapids. On these segments of the valleys, large hydroelectric power plants have been built and are being built: Krasnoyarsk and Sayano-Shushenskaya on the Yenisei, Novosibirsk on the Ob, Bukhtarma and Ust-Kamenogorsk on the Irtysh, Irkutsk, Bratsk and Ust-Ilimskaya on the Angara, on the tributaries of the Lena - Vilyui and Vitim - built Vilyui and Mamakanskaya HPP. In the northern plains, the course of these rivers is calm and smooth. In summer they are used for timber rafting and navigation, connecting the southern and inland regions of the country with the Northern Sea Route and the Trans-Siberian Railway.
The rivers of the European part of the Arctic Ocean basin - Pechora, Mezen, Northern Dvina and Onega are much shorter than the Siberian rivers. They flow completely over the plains and therefore have a calm current.
The Pacific Ocean covers approximately 19% of the country's area. The main river of this basin is the Amur and its tributaries Zeya, Bureya and Ussuri. Rivers are predominantly rain fed. In the conditions of the monsoon climate in the Pacific basin, little snow falls in winter, so there are no spring floods, but floods are very significant due to summer monsoon rains. The water in the Amur and its tributaries rises to 10-15 m and floods vast areas. Catastrophic spills usually occur in early autumn. At this time, sudden and stormy downpours of cyclones - typhoons often fall on the Far Eastern regions of the country. River floods reach several tens of kilometers and cause great damage to agriculture, cities and towns.
The Amur and its tributaries have a large fall and are rich in hydropower. The Zeya hydroelectric power station was built on the Zeya River. The Amur is the main river highway of the Far East, through which the inner remote regions are connected with the seas. The state border of Russia with the People's Republic of China runs along the rivers Argun, Amur and Ussuri.
Near the rivers of Chukotka and the basin of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, snow is predominantly fed. Therefore, they are full-flowing in late spring and early summer, which favors the movement of salmon fish, rising to spawn up rivers and streams.
The Caspian basin is called drainless, since the rivers carry their waters not to the World Ocean, but to an internal drainless reservoir - to the Caspian Sea. The basin covers the interior regions of the East European Plain, the Southern Urals, and the eastern part of the Caucasus.
The Volga, Ural, Araks, Terek, Emba and other rivers flow into the Caspian. The largest river is the Volga. Its basin occupies 34% of the East European Plain. Most of the tributaries of the Volga are located in a temperate continental climate with sufficient moisture. Food is mostly snowy. In the spring, when the snow melts, there is a significant rise in water in the river. In summer, the main source of food is groundwater and rain. Some rise of water in the channel also occurs in autumn, when evaporation is significantly reduced. Below the mouth of the large left tributary of the Kama, the Volga flows through the steppe and semi-desert zones, where there is very little precipitation and therefore there are no significant tributaries. Below Volgograd, the Volga has no tributaries and is of a transit nature. It only carries water and partially evaporates it. From here, the Volga splits into branches, the largest of which is Akhtuba. Below Astrakhan, the channel is divided into 80 branches, forming a vast delta. Now almost the entire Volga has turned into a cascade of dams and reservoirs. On the Upper Volga, not far from Tver, there is the Ivankovskoye Reservoir. From him begins the channel to them. Moscow, through which the Volga water is pumped for the water supply of Moscow. Below, the entire Volga to Volgograd turned into a chain of interconnected reservoirs (Uglich, Rybinsk, Gorky, Cheboksary, Kuibyshev, Saratov and Volgograd). They retain a significant part of the spring flood water, which is used to generate electricity, water supply to cities, and irrigate drylands. Thanks to reservoirs, the movement of large river vessels is possible. Now the river is connected by the Volga-Don navigable canal with the Black and Azov seas, the Volga-Baltic - with the Baltic and White seas. Half of all river cargo and passengers of the country are transported along the Volga. But the reservoirs flooded large areas of fertile floodplain lands. The dams slowed down the flow of the Volga. As a result, a large amount of pollutants began to accumulate in the reservoirs, which come here from the fields, as well as with industrial and domestic effluents. Therefore, the river is currently heavily polluted.
The Atlantic Ocean basin occupies the smallest area - about 5% of the entire territory of Russia. The rivers flow west into the Baltic Sea and south into the Black and Azov Seas. To the west flow the Western Dvina, Neman, Neva, etc. To the south - the Dnieper, Don and Kuban. All the rivers of the Atlantic Ocean basin are full-flowing all year round, since most of their watersheds are located on the territory of sufficient moisture. They mainly feed on snow, and in summer - underground and rain. The rivers flowing into the Baltic Sea have very little fluctuations in runoff, since precipitation falls evenly throughout the year. There are only small spring floods and autumn floods. The Neva River occupies a special place. This short river (74 km long) carries a huge amount of water - 79.7 km3 per year, four times more than the Dnieper, which has a length of over 2 thousand km. The Neva originates in Lake Ladoga and therefore its flow is constant throughout the year.
But almost every year it floods part of St. Petersburg with its waters. The culprits of the floods are surges of water from the Baltic Sea, which dam up the Neva. As a result, the water in the river rises by 2 - 3.5 m and splashes out of the granite embankments onto the streets and squares of the city.
The rivers of the southern part of the Atlantic Ocean basin receive water in their branched upper reaches. In the lower sections, they are of a transit nature, since here the rivers cross the steppe zone with an arid climate. The food of the Dnieper and Don is mainly snow, so they have high spring floods. A cascade of hydroelectric facilities and reservoirs has been built on the southern rivers. Reservoirs are used both to generate electricity and to irrigate arid lands in the south of the East European Plain. Rice and other agricultural crops are grown in the Sea of ​​Azov and the North Caucasus thanks to the waters of the Don and Kuban.

The largest rivers of Russia.

Lena, length - 4320 km., Basin area - 2418 thousand sq. km.
Yenisei (with Biy-Khem), length - 4012 km., Basin area - 2707 thousand sq. km.
Ob (with Katun), length - 4070 km., Basin area - 2425 thousand sq. km.
Volga, length - 3690 km., Basin area - 1380 thousand sq. km.
Amur, length - 2824 km., Basin area - 1855 thousand sq. km.
Ural, length - 2530 km., Basin area - 220 thousand sq. km.
Kolyma, length - 2150 km., Basin area - 644 thousand sq. km.
Don, length - 1950 km., Basin area - 422 thousand sq. km.
Indigirka, length - 1790 km., Basin area - 360 thousand sq. km.
Pechora, length - 1790 km., Basin area - 327 thousand sq. km.
Northern Dvina (with Sukhona), length - 1300 km., Basin area - 411 thousand sq. km.
Yana (with Dulgalakh), length - 1070 km., Basin area - 318 thousand sq. km.
Selenga (with Ider), length - 1020 km., Basin area - 445 thousand sq. km.
Mezen, length - 966 km., Basin area - 76 thousand sq. km.
Kuban, length - 906 km., Basin area - 51 thousand sq. km.
Terek, length - 626 km., Basin area - 44 thousand sq. km.
Onega, length - 416 km., Basin area - 58 thousand sq. km.
Neva, length - 74 km., Basin area - 282 thousand sq. km.

On a detailed map of Russia, you can see in the smallest details the cities, towns, villages of Russia. The map of Russia shows the seas, bays, rivers, lakes and canals. The map allows you to zoom in or out as you wish. In the "satellite" mode, the map of Russia allows you to see your house from a bird's eye view.

Moscow on a detailed map of Russia

Moscow is the capital of the Russian Federation, the largest city in Russia. The detailed map of Russia shows streets, avenues, lanes, boulevards and squares in Russian. All houses are numbered on the map. The map of Moscow shows one-way streets. A detailed map of Russia allows you to find museums, theaters, cafes, restaurants, shops, monuments, railway ticket offices, air ticket offices, banks (ATMs). On the map of Russia, public transport stops of the city of Moscow, stations of the Moscow metro (metro) are marked.

Google Street View on a map of Russia in Moscow

The Google Street View service allows you to view street panoramas. With the help of this service, you can visually see the panorama of a particular place. Panorama on the map of Moscow allows you to better navigate in Moscow, quickly find the right place (after "looking" it on a detailed map of Russia). A panorama is created using a car equipped with photographic equipment, which photographs through a certain distance of the panorama. The camera is mounted on the car at a height of 2.5 meters. If the photo contains people's faces or car numbers, the program overwrites them in such a way that it makes them illegible (cloudy).

St. Petersburg on a detailed map of Russia

St. Petersburg is the second largest city in Russia. The detailed map of Russia shows the streets, avenues, boulevards, lanes and squares of the city in Russian. All houses marked on the map are numbered. On a detailed map of St. Petersburg, public transport stops and metro stations are shown. Using the map of Russia, you can easily find museums, theaters, monuments, shops, restaurants, cafes, banks and ATMs and other sights of St. Petersburg.

Sochi on a detailed map of Russia

The city of Sochi is a Russian resort located on the Black Sea coast. In 2014, the city hosted the Olympic Games. Here are the Olympic facilities in the Olympic Park: the Fisht Stadium, the Big Ice Stadium, the Puck Ice Stadium, the Iceberg Stadium, the Adler Arena and others. On a detailed map of Russia, all the streets, avenues and squares of the city of Sochi are indicated. Sochi is divided into four administrative districts: Central, Khostinsky, Adlersky, Lazarevsky. The detailed map of Russia shows the railway stations of Sochi: Olympic Village, Olympic Park, Adler. The map shows Sochi International Airport.

Rivers, lakes on a detailed map of Russia

Rivers on the map of Russia

The detailed map of Russia shows the major rivers of Russia: Volga, Ob, Amur, Lena, Neva, Yenisei, Irtysh, Ural and other rivers. The scale of a detailed map of Russia is such that it allows you to consider very small rivers of Russia. For example, in the Tver region, in the upper reaches of the Volga River, in the Selizharovsky district, very small rivers can be examined in detail: Bolshaya and Malaya Kosha (the width of the river is 5 meters). In the Moscow region, you can consider in detail the tributary of the Moscow River - the Bykovka River. The map shows bridges and crossings over rivers, marinas and wharfs.

Lakes on the map of Russia

On a detailed map of Russia, lakes are marked: Baikal, Ladoga, Ilmen, Seliger, Lake Peipus-Pskov, the Caspian Sea, Chany, Sartlan, Ubinskoye, Chukchagirskoye, Gusinoye and many other lakes in Russia. The map in "satellite" mode allows you to examine in detail the berths and ports on the lakes.

Cities on a detailed map of Russia

On a detailed map of Russia, the cities of Russia are indicated: Moscow (the capital of the Russian Federation), St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Barnaul, Samara, Volgograd, Sochi, Krasnodar, Khabarovsk, Omsk, Vladivostok, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Novgorod, Pskov, Rostov-on - Don, Magnitogorsk, Chita, Krasnoyarsk, Vladimir, Tula and other cities of Russia. Small towns of regional significance are marked on the map of Russia: Udomlya and Ostashkov (Tver region), Opochka (Pskov region), Essentuki (Stavropol region), Anapa (Krasnodar region), Zelenogorsk (Leningrad region).

According to the map, the distance from Chernaya Rechka to Moscow is 1567 km. Our service allows you to work independently with the above map. Using this map, you can accurately build the route you need from Chernaya Rechka to Moscow, and also find out the distance between these points. To make a decision on how to get from the village of Chernaya Rechka to Moscow, you just need to enter the starting point and destination. After that, the system itself will find the shortest distance and present a possible route plan (It is determined by building a route along the roads). The road from the village of Chernaya Rechka to Moscow is displayed on the plan with a thick line. The map will show the settlements that you will meet on your way while driving along the Chernaya Rechka - Moscow highway. The Black River-Moscow route proposed on the map is only one of the possible ones. You can make your way through any transit point you choose. To get a detailed look at information about settlements, forks, bridges, railway tracks, and other objects on your way, you can use various functions, such as zooming in / out, switching layers (satellite, scheme, hybrid, people's map). Using the "ruler" function, you can determine the distance in a straight line to any point on the map. Some motorists prefer to use maps printed on paper. To print the route map, click on the "Print route" button.

If you carefully study the map, then the Oka River belongs to the right tributary of the Volga River. It begins with a source, which is located in the Oryol region of Russia. The river is characterized by a very winding relief, sometimes similar to peculiar loops. As you know, the Volga flows into the Caspian Sea. Therefore, the Oka River, like the Volga, are included in the basin of this sea.

The size of the river is 1798 thousand meters and it occupies an area of ​​245 thousand km 2. Sometimes, its width is at least 2.5 km.

The name of the river comes from the Finnish-Ugric dialect. "Iokki" in translation means nothing more than "river". Some experts argue that "Oka" is translated from Latin in a similar way.

Starting from the Orel region, r. The Oka also flows through some areas of the southwestern part of Russia. And directly:

• It originates in the Oryol region.
• Then it flows through the Kaluga region.
• Then through the Moscow region.
• Enters the Ryazan region.
• Does not bypass the Vladimir region.
• Ends the flow in the Nizhny Novgorod region.

The Oka is a significant transport source, especially for the western regions of Russia. Thus, the Oka River links the significant industrial, administrative, cultural and economic cities of Russia. It connects the following cities along the waterway: Nizhny Novgorod, Orel, Kaluga, Murom and other equally important cities.

The river originates. Oka in the village of Alexandrovka, Oryol region. It was put on maps back in the 80s of the 19th century. Starting from the spring, the river laid its course through the Central Russian Upland. On the initial path of the river there is a valley with deep slopes, which marked a deeply indented relief. It starts its journey heading north and merges with many channels along the way. The Orlik River, which flows through the city of Orel, is considered the first tributary of the Oka River. They collide just in the city of Orel. The Upa River, which flows through the Tula region, is the second tributary of the Oka River. They merge together in the Tula region. In the city of Kaluga, the Oka River joins its third tributary, the Ugra River. After the confluence of these two rivers, the Oka river changes its course from north to east. After changing the direction of the channel, the river continues to flow through the Tula and Kaluga regions, meeting such cities as Aleksin and Tarusa on its way. Subsequently, the river is again redirected from east to north. Such changes in the direction of the river bed happen more than once, and after the river leaves the city of Aleksin, not far from the city of Protvino, the river will once again change its route from north to east.

Within the limits of the Moscow and Tula regions, the river is considered an element that conditionally separates these two regions. A similar border is observed within the city of Serpukhov and the city of Stupino. The next, fourth, tributary is the river. Moscow. These two rivers merge within the city of Kolomka, Moscow Region. After that, the Oka River abruptly changes its route from east to south. Within the lands of the Ryazan region, the Oka River is characterized by a rather winding route, due to the highly hilly terrain. The Pronya River is considered the fifth tributary of this river. Having met on its way with the river Pair, it is again redirected to the north. Carrying out a certain bend near the city of Kasimov, it returns to its original direction.

In the Ermishinsky district of the Ryazan region, it meets with its seventh tributary, the Mosha. After that, it flows along the border of the Nizhny Novgorod and Vladimir regions. The Klyazma River is considered the eighth and last tributary of the Oka River. They come together in the city of Pavlovo, Nizhny Novgorod region. On her way she meets the following cities: Murom, Pavlovo, Dzerzhinsk.

After that, in the city of Nizhny Novgorod, the Oka River flows into the Volga River. This is where its mouth is located.

In the water registry of the Russian Federation, the Oka River was assigned the code 09010100112110000017555. Due to hydrological knowledge, it was assigned the number 110001755,

The Federal Agency for Water Resources assigned such numbers based on information received from the geoinformation system for water management zoning throughout the Russian Federation.

In addition, the Oka River has other codes, such as:

• 01.01.001 - code corresponding to the basin of this river.
• 10 - according to the GI volume number.
• 0 - GI release.

Based on the data received from the State Water Register of the Russian Federation:

1. The river belongs to the Oka basin district.
2. The area of ​​the river from the source to the city of Orel corresponds to the status of national economic importance.
3. The river sub-basin of the river is considered to be the basins of the tributaries of the river up to the site of its confluence with the Moksha River.
4. The river basin is represented by the Oka River.

Water resources of the river basin. Oka are used in shipping.

The following authorities regulate this process:

• The Volga GBU is a segment from the mouth of the Oka River to the channel of the Seima River.
• Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Channel im. Moscow" - a section from the Seima river to the city of Kaluga.

The Oka River is part of the most important transport connection of various cities of the Russian Federation. It is considered one of the main waterways of the state. It seems to connect many towns, cities and villages into one whole. Throughout almost the entire route, a considerable number of both large and small rivers, as well as small streams, flows into the Oka River. This number reaches 100 or even more. The key large and medium rivers that are tributaries (the basin area reaches 50 thousand km2) are:

Left tributaries (from the mouth to the river Oka):

• R. Klyazma - 87.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Seimas - 58.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Chucha - 145.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Visha - 152.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Mothra - 186.0 thousand sq.m.;
• R. Ushna - 191.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Vershinskaya - 227.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Salka - 261.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Unzha - 322.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Goose - 426.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Pra - 479.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Moscow - 855.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Kremichenko - 925.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Nara - 979.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Protva - 990.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Tarusa - 1006.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Dryasha - 1025.0 thousand sq.m.;
• R. Ugra - 1122.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Zhizdra - 1164.0 thousand sq.m.;
• R. Tsvetyn - 1370.0 thousand sq.m.

Right tributaries (from the mouth to the river Oka):

• R. Kishma - 103.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Helmet - 108.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Kuzoma - 123.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Tesha - 204.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Veletma - 206.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Zheleznitsa - 251.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Maulinka - 293.0 thousand sq.m.;
• R. Pra - 556.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Pronya - 615.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Cancer - 658.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Besput - 940.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Points - 1494.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Ore - 1475.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Knubr - 1411.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Zusha - 1303.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Vypreyka - 101.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Mumps - 1043.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Pytal - 1050.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Upa - 1302.0 thousand square meters;
• R. Freedom - 1178.0 thousand sq.m.;
• R. Muzhach - 1142.0 thousand sq.m.

More than thirty bridges were built across the Oka River at different times. These are railway, road and pontoon crossings, not counting other, less important crossings across the Oka River.

The most important bridges are:

1. Kanavinsky, which is located in Nizhny Novgorod. This bridge is 795 meters long and 23 meters wide. It was built in the 1930s.
2. The Nizhny Novgorod metro bridge, located in Nizhny Novgorod, is 1 km 230 m long and 18 m wide, and this bridge was built in 2012.
3. Molitovsky bridge is also located in Nizhny Novgorod. It is 951 meters long and 21 meters wide. This bridge was built in the 90s of the last century.
4. Myzinsky also has a Nizhny Novgorod residence permit. It is 1 km long and 27 m wide, put into operation in the 80s of the last century. It is an important junction of route number 7.
5. Sartakovsky bridge has a railway purpose and began its work in the 60s of the 20th century.
6. The Pavlovsk pontoon bridge has been functioning in the same way since the 60s of the 20th century and is 323 meters long and 7 meters wide.
7. Kashirsky railway bridge. It was put into operation in the 30s of the last century and has a length of 580 meters.
8. The Red Bridge has been in operation since the 50s of the 20th century and is located in the city of Orel.
9. The Striginsky Bridge has been operating since 1993. It is 950 m long and is an important element of route No. 7.
10. Murom bridge was solemnly opened in 2009. It is 1 km 393 m long and 15 m wide.

Flora and fauna of the Oka River

The basin of this river covers a vast territory and it flows through several areas, which is considered the reason for the presence of all kinds of animals and plants. In addition to various settlements, the riverbed passes through broad-leaved plantations, namely through Eastern European forests, where pedunculate oaks are considered the main representatives. In addition to deciduous forests, you can also find coniferous forests, with the presence of spruces and pines.

The following interesting plants grow within the Oka River:

• brilliant pondweed;
• narrow-leaved pondweed;
• curly pondweed;
• telorez;
• hornwort;
• yellow capsule;
• vodokras;
• duckweed;
• reeds;
• water mannik;
• common shooter.

It is quite natural that this is not a complete list, and in the Oka River you can find a number of other, no less common plants.

The riverbed passes through a number of large industrial centers, where it is seriously polluted by both industrial and sewage waters. It is quite natural that this causes a serious blow to the life of animals and plants, including the presence of fish species. Despite this, some areas of the river are distinguished by fairly clean water, especially after its confluence with the river. Moscow. And this factor makes its own adjustments to the composition of flora and fauna. In places where clean water is available, there is a wide range of fish resources available, which in turn attracts anglers.

In addition, there are many bays in the river basin, which has a beneficial effect on the reproduction of various fish species.

With the onset of spring, somewhere in late April, early May, the fish goes to spawn, choosing their favorite places. When spring begins to come into its own, many anglers begin the summer season of fishing. The winter season for fishing enthusiasts opens with the beginning of the first freeze-up, when the ice reaches a certain safe thickness.

Pike, as a rule, is well caught in spring, during the pre-spawning period and in autumn, starting from the end of August. Bream can be caught all year round. In the Oka River, you can hunt a real river monster - a catfish.

Russia occupies a vast geographical area, and it is not surprising that numerous rivers spread over its expanses, which played an important historical role in the settlement and development of new lands. Almost all the largest cities of the country are located on the rivers.

In total, there are about 3 million rivers on the territory of the Russian Federation, and all of them are an important component of the life of many people, animals and plants. Rivers provide us with food, water, electricity, places for recreation, and also serve as transportation routes connecting different settlements. It is an irreplaceable source of water for agriculture and industry.

In this article, you can get acquainted with the largest rivers in Russia, get their brief description and see the geographical location on the map of the country.

Rivers of the Russian Federation

Map of the largest rivers of Russia

The territory of the country is divided into European and Asian parts. The dividing line, as a rule, is considered the Ural Mountains and the Caspian Sea. The rivers of the European part flow into the Arctic Ocean, the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. The rivers of the Asian part flow into the Arctic and Pacific oceans.

The largest rivers in European Russia are the Volga, Don, Kama, Oka and Northern Dvina, while some rivers originate in Russia but flow into other countries, such as the Dnieper and Western Dvina. The following large rivers flow through the Asian expanses of the country: the Ob, Irtysh, Yenisei, Angara, Lena, Yana, Indigirka and Kolyma.

Of the five main drainage basins: the Arctic, Pacific, Baltic, Black Sea and Caspian, the first, located in Siberia and including the northern part of the Russian Plain, is the most extensive. To a greater extent, this basin is filled by the three largest rivers in Russia: the Ob (3650 km), which together with its main tributary, the Irtysh, forms a river system 5410 km long, the Yenisei (3487 km), and the Lena (4400 km). The sum of their catchment areas exceeds 8 million km², and the total water discharge is about 50,000 m³/s.

The major rivers of Siberia provide transport arteries from the interior to the Arctic Sea Route, although they are blocked by ice for a long period each year. The slight slope of the Ob River makes it slowly wind through the vast floodplain. Due to the flow to the north, from the upper reaches to the lower limits of the thaw, extensive floods occur quite often, which leads to the development of huge swamps. Vasyugan swamps on the Ob-Irtysh interfluve cover an area of ​​more than 50,000 km².

The rivers of the rest of Siberia (about 4.7 million km²) flow into the Pacific Ocean. In the north, where the watershed is close to the coast, numerous small, fast-flowing rivulets flow from the mountains, but most of southeastern Siberia is drained by the Amur River. For a larger segment of its length, the Amur forms the border separating Russia and China. The Ussuri, one of the tributaries of the Amur, forms another significant border line between the countries.

Three major drainage basins are located in the European part of Russia south of the Arctic Basin. The Dnieper, only the upper reaches of which are in Russia, as well as the Don and Volga, is the longest European river, originating in the north-west of the Valdai Upland and flowing into the Caspian Sea. Yielding only to the Siberian rivers, the Volga basin covers an area of ​​1,380,000 km². The rivers of the East European Plain have long served as important transport arteries; in fact, the Volga river system provides two-thirds of the movement of the entire Russian inland waterway.

10 largest and longest rivers in Russia

Many mighty rivers flow through the territory of the Russian Federation, but the size of some of them is truly impressive. Below is a list and maps of the largest rivers in the country, both by length and by catchment area.

Lena

The Lena River is one of the longest rivers in the world. It originates near Lake Baikal in southern Russia and flows west, and then, above Yakutsk, smoothly turns north, where it flows into the Laptev Sea (Arctic Ocean basin). Near the mouth, the river forms a huge delta of 32,000 km, which is the largest in the Arctic and the most extensive protected area of ​​wildlife in Russia.

The Lena Delta, which floods each spring, is an important nesting and migratory area for birds and supports a rich fish population. The river is inhabited by 92 planktonic species, 57 benthos species and 38 fish species. Sturgeon, burbot, chum salmon, whitefish, nelma and albula are the most commercially important fish species.

Swans, dippers, geese, ducks, plovers, waders, snipes, phalaropes, terns, skuas, birds of prey, sparrows and gulls are just some of the migratory birds that nest in the Lena's productive wetlands.

Ob

The Ob is the seventh longest river in the world, stretching for a distance of 3650 kilometers in the West Siberian region of the Russian Federation. This river, which is of great economic importance for Russia, arises at the confluence of the Biya and Katun rivers in Altai. It mainly passes through the country, although many of its tributaries originate in China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan. The Ob is connected to its largest tributary by the Irtysh River, at about 69° east longitude. It flows into the Kara Sea of ​​the Arctic Ocean, forming the Gulf of Ob. The river has a huge drainage area, which is about 2.99 million km².

The habitat surrounding the Ob consists of vast expanses of steppe and taiga flora in the upper and middle reaches of the river. Birches, pines, firs and cedars are some of the famous trees growing in these areas. Thickets of willow, wild rose and bird cherry also grow along the watercourse. The river basin abounds in aquatic flora and fauna, including more than 50 species of fish (sturgeon, carp, perch, nelma and peled, etc.) and about 150 species of birds. Minks, wolves, Siberian moles, otters, beavers, stoats and other native mammal species. In the lower reaches of the Ob, the arctic tundra is characterized by snow-covered landscapes for most of the year. Polar bears, arctic foxes, polar owls and arctic hares represent this region.

Volga

The longest river in Europe, the Volga, often considered the national river of Russia, has a large basin covering almost two-thirds of European Russia. The Volga originates in the north-west of the Valdai Upland, and flows south overcoming 3530 km, where it flows into the Caspian Sea. About 200 tributaries join the river along the entire route. Eleven major cities of the country, including Moscow, are based along the Volga basin, whose area is 1.36 million km².

The climate in the river basin varies along its course from north to south. The northern regions are dominated by a temperate climate with cold, snowy winters and warm, humid summers. The southern regions are characterized by cool winters and hot dry summers. The Volga Delta is one of the richest habitats, home to 430 plant species, 127 fish species, 260 bird species and 850 aquatic species.

Yenisei

The mouth of the Yenisei River is located near the city of Kazyl, where it merges with the Small Yenisei River, which originates in Mongolia and flows north, where it drains a vast area of ​​Siberia before emptying into the Kara Sea (Arctic Ocean), having traveled 3,487 km. The Angara River, which flows out of Lake Baikal, is one of the main tributaries of the upper reaches of the Yenisei.

About 55 species of local fish live in the waters of the Yenisei, including Siberian sturgeon, flounder, roach, northern pike, Siberian minnow, tench and sterlet. Most of the river basin is surrounded by, mainly consisting of the following species of coniferous trees: fir, cedar, pine and larch. In some areas of the upper reaches of the Yenisei, there are also steppe pastures. In the north, boreal forests give way to arctic forests. Musk deer, elk, roe deer and Japanese mouse are some of the mammals living in the taiga forests along the river. Also, there are such birds as the Siberian blue robin, Siberian lentil, stone capercaillie and forest snipe. Ducks, geese and swans are found in the lower reaches during the summer.

Lower Tunguska

The Lower Tunguska is a right tributary of the Yenisei, flowing through the Irkutsk region and the Krasnoyarsk region of Russia. Its length is 2989 km, and the basin area is 473 thousand km². The river extends near the watershed between the Yenisei and Lena river basins and flows north and then west across the Central Siberian Plateau.

In the upper reaches, the river forms a wide valley with numerous shallows, but after turning to the west, the valley narrows, and numerous gorges and rapids appear. The vast Tunguska coal basin lies in the river basin.

Amur

The Amur is the tenth longest river in the world, located in East Asia and forms the border between the Far Eastern District of the Russian Federation and Northeast China. The river originates at the confluence of the Shilka and Argun rivers. The Amur flows for 2825 km to the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean and empties into the Sea of ​​Okhotsk.

The river has many vegetation zones in various parts of its basin, including taiga forests and swamps, Manchurian mixed forests, Amur meadow steppes, forest steppes, steppes and tundra. Wetlands along the Amur Basin are among the most valuable ecosystems that are home to a huge variety of flora and fauna. These are important haunts for millions of migratory birds, including white storks and Japanese cranes. The river basin is home to over 5,000 species of vascular plants, 70 species of mammals, and 400 species of birds. It is home to rare and endangered species such as the Amur tiger and the Amur leopard, the region's most iconic mammal species. A wide variety of fish species inhabit the waters of the Amur: about 100 species in the lower reaches and 60 in the upper. Chum salmon, burbot and whitefish are among the most commercially important northern fish species.

Vilyuy

Vilyuy is a river in Central and Eastern Siberia, flowing mainly through the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in eastern Russia. This is the largest tributary of the Lena, 2650 km long and with a basin area of ​​​​about 454 thousand km².

Vilyui originates on the Central Siberian Plateau and first flows east, then south and southeast, and again east to the place where it flows into the Lena (about 300 km northwest of the city of Yakutsk). The river and adjacent reservoirs are rich in commercial fish species.

Kolyma

With a length of more than 2,100 kilometers and a basin area of ​​643,000 km², the Kolyma is the largest river in Eastern Siberia that flows into the Arctic Ocean. The upper reaches of this river system began to develop as early as the Cretaceous, when the main watershed between the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Arctic Ocean was formed.

At the beginning of its journey, Kolyma makes its way through narrow gorges with numerous rapids. Gradually, its valley expands, and below the confluence with the Zyryanka River, it flows through the wide marshy Kolyma lowland, and then flows into the East Siberian Sea.

Ural

The Ural is a large river flowing in Russia and Kazakhstan, 2428 km long (1550 km on the territory of the Russian Federation), and with a basin area of ​​​​about 231 thousand km². The river originates in the Ural Mountains on the slopes of the Round Sopka and flows in a southerly direction. In the city of Orsk, it turns sharply to the west through the southern outskirts of the Urals, past Orenburg, and again turns south, heading towards the Caspian Sea. Its flow has a large spring maximum, and freeze-up lasts from late November to April. Navigation on the river is carried out to the city of Oral in Kazakhstan. The dam and hydroelectric power station were built on the Iriklinskoye reservoir, south of the city of Magnitogorsk.

Wetlands in the Ural Delta are especially important for migratory birds as a major haunt along the Asian Flyway. The river is also important for many Caspian Sea fish species that visit its deltas and migrate upstream to spawn. In the lower reaches of the river, there are 47 species from 13 families. The cyprinid family accounts for 40% of the species diversity of fish, sturgeon and herring - 11%, perch - 9% and salmon - 4.4%. The main commercial species are sturgeon, roach, bream, pike perch, carp, asp and catfish. Rare species include Caspian salmon, sterlet, nelma and kutum. About 48 species of animals live in the Ural delta and nearby areas, of which 21 species belong to the order of rodents.

Don

The Don is one of the largest rivers in the Russian Federation and the 5th longest river in Europe. Its basin is located between the Dnieper-Donets depression in the west, the Volga basin in the east, and the basin of the Oka River (a tributary of the Volga) in the north.

The Don originates in the city of Novomoskovsk 60 km southeast of Tula (120 km south of Moscow), and flows for a distance of about 1870 km to the Sea of ​​Azov. From its source, the river heads southeast to Voronezh and then southwest to its mouth. The main tributary of the Don is the Seversky Donets.

Table of the largest rivers of the Russian Federation

river name	Length in Russia, km	Total length, km	Swimming pool, km²	Water consumption, m³/s	Place of confluence (Mouth)
R. Lena	4400	4400	2.49 million	16350	Laptev sea
R. Ob	3650	3650	2.99 million	12492	Kara Sea
R. Volga	3530	3530	1.36 million	8060	Caspian Sea
R. Yenisei	3487	3487	2.58 million	19800	Kara Sea
R. Lower Tunguska	2989	2989	473 thousand	3680	R. Yenisei
R. Amur	2824	2824	1.86 million	12800	Sea of ​​Okhotsk
R. Vilyuy	2650	2650	454 thousand	1468	R. Lena
R. Kolyma	2129	2129	643 thousand	3800	East-Siberian Sea
R. Ural	1550	2428	231 thousand	400	Caspian Sea
R. Don	1870	1870	422 thousand	900	Sea of ​​Azov

If you find an error, please highlight a piece of text and click Ctrl+Enter.