Т. Ю. Дроздова, А. И. Берестова, Н. А. Курочкина f o r English G r a m m a r: R e f e r e n c e & Practice & English G r a m m a r: Anthology Test File E n g l i s h R e f e r e n c e THE G r a m m a r: & V E R B 1. T H E V E R B "TO BE" E x . 1 (p. 8) 2. t h e y " r e ; 3. s h e " s n o t / s h e isn"t; 4. it"s n o t / i t isn"t; 5. I"m not; 6. y o u " r e n o t / y o u a r e n " t ; 8.1 a m ; 9. y o u a r e ; 10. t h e y are not; 1 1 . it is not; 12. s h e is. E x . 2 (p . 8) 2. a m ; 3. is; 4 . a r e ; 5. is; 6. is; 7. a m ; 8. is; 9. a r e ; 10. is, a r e ; 1 1 . a m ; 12. is. E x . 3 (p . 8-9) 2 . is; 3. a r e ; 4 . a m ; 5. is; 6. a r e ; 7. is; 8. a r e ; 9. is; 10. a r e . E x . 4 (p. 9) 3. I"m/I a m / I " m n o t / I am not; 4. It"s/It is/It i s n " t / I t " s not; 5. isn"t/is not; 6. I"m/I a m / I " m n o t / I am not; 7. a r e / a r e n " t / a r e not; 8. is; 9. i s n " t / i s not; 10. a r e n " t / a r e not; 1 1 . is; 12. a r e n " t / a r e not. E x . 5 (p. 9) 2. W h e r e is my key? 3. W h e r e are my t r o u s e r s ? 4. H o w o l d is y o u r g r a n d m o t h e r ? 5. W h a t c o l o u r is his hair? 6. H o w m u c h a r e t h e s e s h o e s ? 7. W h o is y o u r favourite a c t o r ? 8 . W h y a r e y o u always late? E x . 6 (p. 9) 3. Are y o u British? 4. W h e r e are y o u f r o m ? 5. H o w o l d are y o u ? 6. Are y o u a student? 7. Is y o u r m o t h e r a t e a c h e r ? 8. W h e r e is s h e f r o m ? 9. W h a t is her n a m e ? 10. H o w o l d is s h e ? E x . 7 (p. 10) 3. Yes, it i s . / N o , it i s n " t . / N o , it"s not. 4. Yes, I a m . / N o , I"m not. 5. Yes, I a m . / N o , I"m not. 6. Y e s , it i s . / N o , it i s n " t . / N o , it"s not. 7. Y e s , t h e y a r e . / N o , t h e y a r e n " t . / N o , t h e y " r e not. 8. Yes, I a m . / N o , I"m not. 9. Yes, he i s . / N o , he i s n " t . / N o , h e " s not. 10. Yes, it i s . / N o , it i s n " t . / N o , it"s not. E x . 8 (p . 10) 1. Is y o u r b r o t h e r at h o m e ? 2. H o w m u c h are t h e s e p o s t c a r d s ? 3. This hotel is very expensive. 4. I"m interested in arts. 5. All t h e s h o p s a r e o p e n t o d a y . 6. Is t h e m u s e u m o p e n t o d a y ? 7. I"m hot. 8. My sister is an a r c h i t e c t . 9. I"m n o t t i r e d . 10. W h e r e is her h u s b a n d f r o m ? 1 1 . T h e y are n o t s t u d e n t s , t h e y are e n g i n e e r s . 12. A r e y o u interested in foreign languages? E x . 9 (p . 1 0 - 1 1) 2 . is, w a s ; 3 . a m / " m ; 4 . w a s ; 5 . w e r e ; 6 . a r e / " r e ; 7 . w e r e ; 8 . i s / " s ; 9 . w a s ; 10. w e r e ; 1 1 . w a s ; 12. a r e , w e r e . E x . 1 0 (p . 11) 2 . w a s ; 3 . w e r e n " t , w e r e ; 4 . w a s n " t , w a s ; 5 . w e r e n " t , w a s ; 6 . W e r e , w a s n " t , was. E x . 1 1 (p . 11) 1. W h e r e w e r e t h e y last night? 2 . W h y w e r e y o u late y e s t e r d a y ? 3 . H e w a s n " t a t t h e Institute y e s t e r d a y . 4 . 1 w a s n " t t h e r e . 5 . S h e w a s n " t a t h o m e a t 5 o " c l o c k . 2. "THERE IS (ARE)" CONSTRUCTION E x . 1 (p . 12) 1. T h e r e i s / T h e r e " s ; 2. T h e r e a r e ; 3. is t h e r e ; 4. a r e t h e r e ; 5. t h e r e w a s not/there wasn"t; 6. There was; 7. Were there; 8. There has b e e n ; 9. There are; 10. T h e r e is; 1 1 . T h e r e will b e ; 12. t h e r e w a s . E x . 2 (p. 12-13) 1. Is t h e r e a c a t in t h e w i n d o w ? - Yes, t h e r e is. 2. A r e t h e r e any c h a n g e s in t h e text? - Yes, t h e r e a r e . 3. A r e t h e r e plenty of g l a s s e s in t h e c u p b o a r d ? - Yes, t h e r e are. 4. W e r e t h e r e a lot of p e o p l e at t h e s t a d i u m ? - Y e s , t h e r e w e r e . 5. Is t h e r e anything on t h e plate? - N o , t h e r e isn"t. 6. W a s t h e r e a n y b o d y in t h e r o o m ? - N o , t h e r e w a s n " t . 7. Are t h e r e a n y difficult e x e r c i s e s in this b o o k ? - Y e s , t h e r e a r e . 8. Is t h e r e anything on t h e shelf? - Yes, t h e r e is. 9. Will t h e r e be any interesting p r o g r a m m e s on TV t o m o r r o w ? - Yes, t h e r e will. 10. A r e t h e r e several e m p t y s e a t s in t h e r o o m ? - Yes, t h e r e are. 1 1 . W e r e t h e r e a n y p e a r s o n t h e plate? - N o , t h e r e w e r e n o t / w e r e n " t . E x . 3 (p . 13) A. 1. There are m a n y interesting articles in this m a g a z i n e . 2. T h e r e are m a n y m u s e u m s a n d t h e a t r e s i n o u r c i t y . 3 . Is t h e r e a t e l e p h o n e i n t h i s r o o m ? 4 . T h e r e a r e t w o windows in this r o o m . 5. There was no tea in the c u p . / T h e r e wasn"t any tea... 6. How many articles w e r e there in this magazine? - There w e r e several articles there. 7 . H o w m a n y s t u d e n t s a r e t h e r e i n t h e c l a s s r o o m ? - T w e n t y . 8 . T h e r e will b e a p a r k near our house. 9. W a s t h e r e a s c h o o l in this street? 10. T h e r e are several books on the table. B. 1 . T h e r e is a s c h o o l n e a r o u r h o u s e . T h e s c h o o l is n e a r o u r h o u s e . 2. T h e r e are several t h e a t r e s in t h e city. T h e t h e a t r e s are in t h e c e n t e r of t h e city. 3. T h e r e w e r e f l o w e r s in t h e v a s e . T h e f l o w e r s w e r e in a beautiful v a s e . 4. T h e r e a r e m a n y children in t h e t h e a t r e . T h e c h i l d r e n are n o w i n t h e t h e a t r e . 5 . T h e r e a r e / e x i s t several solutions o f this task. T h e s o l u t i o n s o f t h i s t a s k a r e given o n p a g e 5 . 3. THE VERB "TO HAVE1 Ex. 1 (p. 14) 2. he"s got; 3. they"ve got; 4. she hasn"t got; 5. it"s got; 6.1 haven"t got. Ex. 2 (p. 14) 2. Have you got a VCR? (Do you have...?) 3. Has your father got a car? (Does your father have...?) 4. Has Carol got many friends? 5. Have Mr. and Mrs. Lewis got any children? 6. How much money have you got? 7. What kind of car has John got? Ex. 3 (p.15) 3. Alice,hasn"t got a camera. (Alice doesn"t have...) 4. I"ve got/I haven"t got a camera. (I don"t have...) 5. I"ve got/I haven"t got a car. 6. Keith hasn"t got a car. 7. Alice hasn"t got black hair. 8. Alice has got two brothers. 9. Keith hasn"t got black hair. 10. Alice has got a car. 1 1 . Keith has got a sister. 12.1 have got/haven"t got brothers and sisters. Ex. 4 (p. 15) 3. has g o t / " s got; 4. have got; 5. has got; 6. haven"t got; 7. haven"t got; 8. have got/"ve got; 9. hasn"t got; 10. has got/"s got; 1 1 . has g o t / " s got; 12. haven"t got; 13. hasn"t got; 14. have got/"ve got. Ex. 5 (p. 15) 1. They haven"t got any seminars this month. 2. They haven"t got any flowers in their garden this summer. 3. We haven"t got any letters from home this week. 4. He hasn"t got a sore throat today. 5.1 haven"t got any w a r m shoes this winter. 6. She hasn"t got a new dress this summer. 7. They haven"t got any supper tonight. 8.1 haven"t got any/a headache tonight. 9.1 haven"t got fish for dinner today. Ex. 6 (p. 16) 1. They have got three dogs and three cats. 2. S h e " s got big green eyes. 3. My brother has got a blue car. 4. How much land have you got? 5. Last year we didn"t have a car. 6.1 had a headache yesterday. 7. When do you have tea? 8. We had a good time yesterday. 9. She had a good holiday in the South. 10. Have you got any books on the history of England? 5. THE INDEFINITE (SIMPLE) FORMS Ex. 1 (p. 18) 1. He sings. 2. He runs. 3. They study. 4. He dances. 5. They cook. 6. They dance. 7. He paints. 8. They teach. 9. He types. 10. They paint. 1 1 . They write. Ex. 2 (p. 18) 1. He thinks he is ill. 2. He often visits his granny. 3. She lives in Leeds. 4. She usually speaks too quickly. 5. Does he like boiled potatoes? 6. A good animal always obeys his master. 7. The boy boxes in the gymnasium on Fridays. 8. His dog always attacks the neighbours. 9. A heavy truck makes a lot of noise. Ex. 3 (p. 18-19) 1. She does not/doesn"t understand the rule. - Does she understand the rule? 2. He does not usually have breakfast at 8 o"clock. - Does he usually have breakfast at 8 o"clock? 3. The lecture does not start at 1 0 . 1 5 . - Does the lecture start at 10.15? 4. The flowers do not/don"t look fresh. - Do the flowers look fresh? 5. She does not usually walk in the morning. - Does she usually walk in the morning? 6. He does not have coffee in the evening. - Does he have coffee in the evening? 7. S h e does not remember t h e m well. - Does she remember them well? 8. He does not play chess very well. - Does he play chess very well? 9. She does not leave home at 10 o"clock every day. - Does she leave home at 10 o"clock every day? 10. Ann doesn"t miss you badly. - Does Ann miss you badly? 1 1 . They do not feel very cold. - Do they feel very cold? 12. Tom does not look sick. - Does T o m look sick? 13. They do not harvest grapes in March. - Do they harvest grapes in March? 14. The last boat does not sail at 10 p.m. - Does the last boat sail at 10 p.m.? 15. That train does not go very fast. - Does that train go very fast? E x . 4 (p. 19) 1. are; 2. tell; 3. go; 4. collects; 5. likes; 6. says, is; 7. spend; 8. live, stands, overlooks, is; 9. W h a t d o e s this sentence mean? 10. live, is; 1 1 . sings; 12. has, eats; 13. is; 14. W h a t do you see over there? 15. keeps, keeps; 16. is, have/"ve g o t ; 17. come; 18. is. Ex. 6 (p. 19) 1. do the museums open; 2. don"t use; 3. do you drink; 4. do you do; 5. does your father come; comes; 6. don"t you ask; 7. play, don"t play; 8. does "maintain" mean. Ex. 7 (p. 2 0) 1. The Sun doesn"t set ir> the East. It sets in the West. 2. Hens don"t eat foxes. Foxes eat hens. 3. Blacksmiths don"t m a k e things from w o o d . They make things from metal. 4. The river Dvina doesn"t flow into the Black Sea. It flows into the White Sea. Ex. 8 (p. 2 0) 1. How often does Felix watch birds? 2. How often do you write to your parents? 3. What time do you usually have dinner? 4. W h e r e does she work? 5. How often do you go to the Zoo? 6. W h y do people do stupid things? 7. How often does the motor break down? Ex. 9 (p. 20) 1.1 usually do my homework in the evening. 2. My friend lives in the North. 3. My sister studies at the Medical college. 4. They have foreign language classes twice a week. 5. He always c o m e s to see us when he is in Moscow. 6. How much time does it take you to get back home? - it usually takes me about thirty minutes. 7. He seldom travels now. 8. Do you often go to the cinema? 9. She is never late. She is always on time. 10. Do you feel anything? - No, I don"t feel anything. 1 1 . His father is an engineer. He builds bridges. 12.1 don"t study French, I study German. 13. Now we rarely see them. 14. Does her husband often travel/go on business? Ex. 10 (p. 22) 1. she woke up early; 2. she walked in the garden; 3. she had a sandwich for lunch; 4. she went out; 5. she slept very well. Ex. 1 1 (p. 22) 1. taught; 2. fell, hurt; 3. sold; 4. spent, bought, cost; 5. threw, caught. Ex. 1 2 (p. 2 2) 1. How long did you stay there? 2. Did you stay at a hotel? 3. Did you go alone? 4. How did you travel? 5. Was the food good? 6. What did you do in the evenings? 7. Did you make any friends there? Ex. 1 3 (p. 2 2) 1. didn"t have breakfast, didn"t have; 2. didn"t buy, didn"t have; 3. didn"t sleep, didn"t feel; 4. wasn"t, didn"t understand. Ex. 14 (p. 2 2 - 2 3) 1. used to eat; 2. used to be; 3. used to live; 4. used to be; 5. used to like; 6. used to ride. Ex. 1 6 (p. 2 3) 1. We started this experiment last week. 2. They c a m e back home at 7 o"clock in the evening. 3. We decided to send this letter yesterday. 4. Who(m) did you give these magazines to? 5. Yesterday I met Steve in the library. 6. When did you see him last? - Last Tuesday. 7. We didn"t study French last year. We studied English. 8. When did you begin to work yesterday? - After dinner. We had little work. 9. The weather was good, and we and our friends went to the park. 10. W h e r e w e r e you an hour ago? 11.1 met her the day before yesterday, and she told me about this. Ex. 17 (p. 2 3) 1. Now she avoids to go there as often as she used to. 2. He would suddenly appear at his mother"s and as suddenly disappear. 3. She would spend hours at the open window, looking at the forest the hill. 4. She would complain of her bad life and feel better/relieved. 5. Personally, I think you speak English better than you used to. 6. Now he doesn"t smoke at all, because his health is bad, but he used to be a chainsmoker. 7. He began to study French, and in his childhood he would/used to study English with a tutor. 8. He used to be quite a well-off man. Ex. 1 8 (p. 2 4 - 2 5) 1. will/"ll be; 2. wiil/"ll be; 3. will/il be; 4. shall/will/"ll know; 5. shall/will/ "II be; 6. will/"ll remember; 7. Wher\will he come back? 8. shall/will/"ll apologize; 9. shan"t/ won"t see; 10. shall/will/"ll recognize. Ex. 1 9 (p. 2 5) I. a. 1. calls, shall/will/"ll give; 2. shall/will/"ll be, need; 3. will/"ll be, decide; 4. want, will/ "II get; 5. have. b. 1. shall/will/"ll write, have; 2. will/"ll wait, send; 3. will/"ll be, is; 4. go. с 1. don"t know, will come; 2. will stay; 3. wonder, shall/will/"ll ever see; 4. am not sure, will be; 5. will start. II. 1. gets, "II start; 2. "II see, is; 3. come, "II talk; 4. come; 5. wants, will be; 6. wonder, "II write; 7. "II be; 8. get, "II come; 9. will be; 10. come, will find; 11. come, cross; 12. will move; 13. go down, is; 14. "II be, get; 15. will come; 16. come, am sure, will be, gets; 17. continues, "II transfer; 18. "II buy; will you buy; will bring; will bring; 19. look; 20. talk. Ex. 20 (p. 25) 1. If I have time next week, I"ll fix the car. 2. If all goes well, I"ll graduate in June. 3. When he finishes this job, we"ll give him another. 4. If the traffic conditions get much worse, the city will have to build elevated roads. 5. When the light turns red, all the cars will stop. 6. When/if the weather clears, we"ll finish our games. 7. If I am paid tomorrow, I"ll buy this dress. 8. If we get there before you, we"ll wait for you. 9. When he comes home, his father will give him a good talking to. 10. When/if he takes this medicine, he will be all right. Ex. 21 (p. 26) 1. get; 2. gets; 3. leave, I I give; 4. feel, will drive; 5. see; 6. come, will find; 7. a m , " I I get in; 8. will you be, a m . Ex. 22 (p. 26) 1. I"ll go to the cinema when I finish my work. 2. He"ll spend a week in Brussels before he goes to England. 3. He can stay with us when he c o m e s to London in April. 4. Let"s leave before it"s dark. Ex. 23 (p. 2 6) 1. W h e n ; 2. if; 3. if; 4. if; 5. If; 6. w h e n ; 7. w h e n ; 8. if. Ex. 24 (p. 26) 1. Next year I"ll be twenty. 2. Perhaps, he will c o m e today. 3. When will you begin to study a foreign language? 4. He thinks you won"t like the new ballet. 5. Will she be at home at 6? - No, she won"t. 6 . 1 hope you will cope with the test. 7. Will you have a lot of work tomorrow? - Yes, I will. 8. The examinations will begin on June, 1. 9. The film will be very interesting. 10. We"ll see him next week. Ex. 25 (p. 2 6 - 2 7) 1 . They won"t start the meeting until the chief engineer comes. 2. If you meet them, ask t h e m to phone us. 3. You"ll recognize G e m m a as soon as you see her. 4. I wonder, when they will c o m e Dack. 5. Don"t cross the street until the light is green. 6. As soon as he comes, he will call you. 7. He will be very happy when you come to New York. 8. If you drink this water you"ll get sick. 9. I can"t tell you when they will return. 10. If you don"t take a taxi now, you will miss your plane. 1 1 . When you want to see me, give me a ring/ring me up. 12. You won"t know English until you start working hard. 13. I"ll drop in on you before I leave. 14. When winter comes, I"ll go to India. 15.1 don"t know when I"ll see him again. 6. THE CONTINUOUS FORMS Ex. 1 (p. 2 8 - 2 9) 1 . He isn"t lying down; 2. He isn"t washing; 3. They aren"t fighting; 4. We aren"t jumping; 5. They aren"t shouting; 6. She isn"t walking; 7. I"m not drinking; 8. She isn"t reading. Ex. 2 (p. 29) 1. No, he isn"t. He"s watching TV. 2. No, I"m not. I"m learning them by heart. 3. No, he isn"t. He"s reading a newspaper. 4. No, they aren"t. They"re talking with a friend. 5. No, I"m not. I"m going home. 6. No, she isn"t. She"s listening to a concert. 7. No, I"m not. I"m writing a film script. 8. No, she isn"t. She"s cooking. Ex. 3 (p. 29) 1. Yes, he is. He is studying. 2. Yes, they are. They are reading. 3. Yes, she is. She is having breakfast. 4. Yes, they are. They are shopping. 5. Yes, she is. She is sewing. 6. Yes, she is. She is washing up. 7. Yes, he is. He is skating. 8. Yes, they are. They are rehearsing. Ex. 4 (p. 29) 1. He"s teaching the dog to bark. 2. I"m cutting out a dress. 3. I"m running to catch my bus. 4. I"m buying a mink coat. 5. I"m going to the University. 6. She"s rehearsing for a concert. 7. They"re listening to a favourite fairy tale. 8. He"s baking an apple pie. 8 Ex. 5 (p. 3 0) 1. Yes, she is. She"s going to the library. 2. N o , they aren"t. They"re having a rest. 3. No, she isn"t. She"s having a nap. 4. Yes, we are. W e " r e having visitors. 5. No, she isn"t. She"s staying at home. 6. No, they aren"t. They"re having a holiday. 7. Yes, he is. He"s going to the concert. 8. Yes, we are. W e " r e doing up the flat. Ex. 6 (p. 30) 1. am trying; 2. is raining; 3. are you looking; 4. are making; 5. am looking; 6. Are you enjoying; 7. are crying; 8. are you wearing; 9. am not going; 10. am not eating. Ex. 7 (p. 30) 1. are rising/are increasing/are falling; 2. is getting; 3. is getting/is becoming; 4. is changing; 5. is rising/is increasing; 6. is improving; 7. is getting/is becoming. Ex. 8 (p. 3 0 - 3 1) 1. am training; 2. Are you enjoying; 3. am getting married; 4. am looking for; 5. Are you doing; 6. is helping. Ex. 9 (p. 3 1) 1. Who are you looking at now? - I"m looking at that old lady. 2. Who is your friend speaking with? - He"s speaking with our teacher. 3. What are you telling your friends about? - I"m telling them abouL my holidays. 4. Are you writing a dictation now? No, we"re doing an exercise 9. 5. Where are you going tonight? - W e " r e going to the circus. 6. When are they arriving in Moscow? - They"re arriving in the morning. 7. W e " r e going to Minsk. 8. Are these students doing an exercise or copying a text? 9. Who(m) are these students meeting? - They"re meeting foreign students. 10. Where are you going? - I"m going to a photo exhibition. Ex. 1 1 (p. 3 2) 1. right; 2. wrong - are you talking; 3. wrong - Do you believe; 4. wrong is trying; 5. right; 6. wrong - I think; 7. right; 8. wrong - we usually go. Ex. 12 (p. 3 2) 1. don"t belong; 2. is coming; want; 3. flows; 4. is flowing; 5. Does it ever rain; 6. grow, aren"t growing; 7. am learning; is teaching; 8. don"t need; 9. enjoy, am not enjoying; 10. don"t believe; 1 1 . lives, does your sister live; 12. is staying; 13. is looking for; 14. does your husband do; isn"t working. Ex. 1 3 (p. 3 3) I. 1. is teaching, is substituting, is; 2. am going, is leaving, Is he coming back, don"t know; 3. stays, comes, is staying; 4. meets, meets, are painting, are going; 5. is leaving; is he taking; is catching; 6. is repairing; 7. Are you writing; write; Do you want; 8. says, is leaving; 9. am going; 10. is coming; 1 1 . call, are playing, think, play; 12. makes. I I . 1. is, is smoking, think, smokes, is; 2. is, is, is playing; 3. Are you coming, are you going, are driving, Are you taking, are leaving, Do you mind, bring; 4. Is Mike coming, is working, is he doing, is reading up, is r -am, isn"t going, says, is meeting, is, has. Ex. 14 (p. 3 3 - 3 4) 1. is reading; 2. go; 3. are you going, am going; 4. is, catches; 5. has; 6. are you laughing, are talking; 7. laughs, laughs; 8. speak; 9. is speaking, are smiling; 10. is splitting; 1 1 . is always reacting; 12.1 am always forgetting; 13. are, are having. Ex. 1 5 (p. 34) 1. The Sun sets early in this part of the world. 2. Joyce is going to Londofo tomorrow because her uncle wants to see her.3. S o m e people like summer best of all, some like spring and autumn, but others prefer winter. 4. W h e r e is Lizzy? - She is riding. 5. What are the children doing? - They are listening to a fairy tale and drawing. 6. Jane draws perfectly well. 7. Father usually goes to work by train, but today he is driving. 8. Every year he spends his holidays in the mountains. 9. I am writing to invite you to come and stay with us in summer. 10. I"m sitting by the window and looking at the sea. A vessel is sailing away into the evening gold of the horizon. Ex. 1 6 (p. 3 4) 1. W h e n d o e s he usually c o m e home? - He usually c o m e s h o m e at 7 p. m. 2. What train are you taking to S t . - P e t e r s b u r g next w e e k ? 3. My friends from Sheffield are cpming to see me next Sunday. 4. Alex is making a new bookshelf. He always makes all the furniture for his room himself. 5. S h e is wearing a hat and a blue dress today. 6 . 1 can"t give you the book now because I am reading it. 7. Do you read a lot? - Yes, I read a lot. - Do you buy books or borrow t h e m f r o m the library? - I usually borrow 5 books from the Central Library and c h a n g e t h e m every other month. 8. What are you doing under the table? - I"m looking for the n e e d l e . 9. What do you usually have for breakfast? - I usually have a sandwich and drink a cup of coffee. 10. W h e r e are you running so fast? - I am running to catch t h e 10 o"clock train. I"m meeting Nick today, and he doesn"t like it when I am late. 11.1 am leaving for Denmark next Sunday. Ex. 17 (p. 35) 2. he was meeting the manager; 3. he was having lunch; 4. he was visiting his dentist; 5. he was listening to an organ concert...; 6. he was walking the dog; 7. he was driving his mother home. Ex. 1 8 (p. 35) 1. Mother was cooking in the kitchen. 2. Father was making a phone call. 3.1 was getting ready to go out. 4. My sister was washing some clothes. Ex. 1 9 (p. 36) 1.1 caught that cold when I was skating on a frosty day. 2. He wrote those nice poems when he was having a holiday. 3. She learnt the language when she was living in England. 4. She heard that song when she was listening to a concert on the radio. 5.1 bought that book when I was reading up for my exams. 6. The boy hurt himself when he was riding the bicycle. 7. Philip lost his camera when he was walking about the city. 8. He rang me up when I was having supper. Ex. 20 (p. 3 6) 1. The postman brought the letter when I was having breakfast. 2. It started to snow when I was going downstairs. 3. The door bell rang when they were entering the dining-room. Ex. 21 (p. 36) 1. fell, was rescuing; 2. was reading, heard; 3. W e r e you having; 4. were waiting, arrived; 5. wasn"t driving, saw; 6. broke; was doing, slipped; 7. took, was painting; 8. didn"t go, was getting; 9. were you doing; 10. saw; was wearing. 10 Ex. 22 (p. 3 6 - 3 7) 1. was playing, was reading, was sewing, heard; 2. was leaving, caught; 3vcame in, was sitting; 4. was shaving, cut; 5. was; was standing; 6. began; wassmiling, was walking; 7. was sleeping, rang; 8. were sitting/drove up; 9. was crossing, struck; 10. was drizzling, c a m e ; 1 1 . broke, wa£ living; 12. was getting, suggested; 13. came in, looked, stood, turned, went; 14. was walking, met, asked; 15. c a m e , were eating; 16. ran, went, was standing; 17. raised, looked; was still snowing; 18. were driving, happened; 19. Did you have; 2 0 . fell, hurt, was riding; 2 1 . went, got; 2 2 . went, sat, was crackling, was howling; 2 3 . took, put, leaned; 2 4 . put on; 2 5 . was, wanted; 26. was waiting, coughed/was coughing; 27. drew, looked; were standing; 28. heard, went, opened, did not recognize, was not wearing; 2 9 . were walking, began; 3 0 . c a m e , was leaving; 3 1 . was talking, saw; 3 2 . arrived, went, took off. Ex. 23 (p. 3 7 - 3 8) 1. o p e n e d , looked, stood; 2. realized, were not paying attention, were muttering, (were) looking, turned, looked, were looking, was coming, led; 3. saw, was hurrying, made; 4. was looking; 5. did not see, was making; 6. occurred, was backing; 7. dropped, was fishing; 8. heard, were packing. Ex. 2 4 (p. 38) I. 1.1 sat on the bench for half an hour and then began reading a book. 2 . 1 graduated from the University when I was twenty three. 3. When were you here last? - About a year and a half ago. 4. Gray nodded and went upstairs. 5. I met Helen through my parents about three years ago. 6. He stopped and picked up a rose. 7.1 visited them a year ago. 8.1 saw him in London a w e e k ago. 9. I did not see him when I was in St.-Petersburg. 10. What happened to you that evening? 1 1 . They returned into the house when it started to rain. 11.1. Did you see him this morning? - Yes, he was standing by the car. 2. He came in and saw Nelly, who was painting a strange picture. 3. He ran to the gate where Ann was standing. 4.1 glanced at Jennie who was still shivering from cold. 5. We were just talking about him when he suddenly c a m e in. 6. They c a m e while I was working in the garden. 7. She was laying the table at six o"clock yesterday. 8. What were you playing when I came in? 9. The water in the kettle was boiling when my friends c a m e back to the camp. 10. Unfortunately, when I arrived Helen was just leaving. 1 1 . He suddenly realized that he was travelling in the wrong direction. 12.1 was sitting in the garden yesterday when my brother came and brought a puppy. 13. When I c a m e in, they were sitting in the sittingroom. My elder brother was doing a crossword, my mother was knitting, the others were reading. My mother smiled at me and said, "Come in and sit down, please." 14. When she woke up, the birds were singing merrily in the garden. 15. Who were you talking to on the telephone when I c a m e in? - I was talking to my sister. 16. W h e n they were crossing the street, a man c a m e towards them and asked the way to the Palace Square. 17. I was doing my homework when he c a m e . Ex. 25 (p. 3 8) 1. Yesterday, when I was walking down Nevsky Prospect, I met Victor, an old friend of mine. He recognized me at once though I was wearing big dark glasses because my eyes were aching. 2. He said, "I was going to see you a fortnight ago, but I 11 couldn"t find time to get round to you." All the time he was saying this I was trying to remember something I wanted to tell him. 3. Eventually I r e m e m b e r e d and said to him, "Just before I c a m e out, Oleg rang me up. He wanted to speak to you at Boris"s party yesterday, but you were talking so cheerfully with Alice he didn"t dare to interrupt." 4 . Just then I saw another friend of mine. He was waving to me from the other side of the road. I said good-bye to Victor and started to cross the road. Ex. 27 (p. 4 0) 1. will be having; 2. will be playing; 3. will be raining; 4. will be falling; 5. will be opening. Ex. 28 (p. 4 0) 1. She will be making a dress on Sunday. 2. We shall/will be bathing in the Black Sea at this time next week. 3. He will be working in the garden when we arrive. 4. He will be studying law at the University for five years. 5. They will be flying to Kiev at this time tomorrow. 6. She will be singing Russian folk-songs at the concert tonight. 7. He will be interviewing a foreign delegation at this time the day after tomorrow. 8. She will be lecturing at the Institute of Foreign Languages next term. Ex. 29 (p. 4 0) 1. They"ll be sleeping. 2. We"ll be travelling. 3. We"ll be packing. 4. She"ll be typing. 5. He"ll be crying. 6. She"ll be grumbling. 7. He"ll be working. 8. She"ll be keeping to her room. Ex. 30 (p. 4 0) 1. get, will be sitting; 2. is; will come; 3. want; shall/will be waiting; 4. will be boarding; 5. will be having; 6. shall/will be waiting, come; 7. shall/will call; will be sleeping; 8. will be quarrelling. Ex. 31 (p. 4 1) 1 . will know; will be standing; will be wearing; 2."II tell,"II show, won"t smile; 3. won"t be, c o m e , will be having; 4. will be raining, get; 5. will be waiting; 6. will be; 7. "II be, return, "II be marking; 8. "II be typing; 9. will be, will be sketching; 10. will see, will be having tea; 1 1 . will be doing; 12. c o m e , "II be crossing. Ex. 32 (p. 4 1) 1 . We must not be late. They will be worrying. 2. We are going to the cinema today. You will be sitting next to m e . 3. We are to be back at 10 o"clock. Mother will be waiting for us. 4. Will you have lunch with me on Monday? - I"d love to, but I"m afraid I"ll be taking my exam then. 5. What will they be doing when we get home? - 1 think they will be reading. 6. I don"t feel well enough to go to the airport to meet Alice. - I"ll meet her for you. Tell me how I"ll know her. - She will be wearing a bright green suit. 7.1 wonder what we"ll be doing in a year, if we"ll be seeing one another. 8. My son will be in the ninth form next year. - That means my mother will be teaching him English. 9. Don"t tell her about it. She will be crying in a moment. 10. What will you be doing this time next Friday? - I"ll be gardening as usual. Ex. 33 (p. 41 - 4 2) 1. was laughing, was going on; 2. are you two talking, Are you discussing; 3. Are you leaving; 4. will you speak; 5. wears, doesn"t see; 6. are you wearing; 7. is living, is looking; 8. was sitting; 9. saw, was trying; 10. was writing, wrote/was writing; 12 1 1 . were walking, was getting; 12: are leaving, is getting; 13. see; 14. will hear; 15. "II be, "II be watching; 16. was waiting; 17. was trying; 18. rains, was raining, was raining. Ex. 34 (p. 4 2) 1. Are you going; 2. Is Nina writing; 3. W e r e you waiting; 4. are you wearing, Are you having; 5. waits, go; 6. are objecting; 7. cannot meet, is coming; 8. Are you carrying, is; 9. has, is; 10. was, was wearing, was cold; 1 1 . Will you see; 12. rang, was finishing; 13. entered, was waiting; 14. Is anybody reading, want; 15. is he working; 16. Come, I"ll be waiting. 7 . T H E PERFECT F O R M S Ex. 1 (p. 4 3) 1. have never met; 2. has just gone; 3. haven"t seen; 4. have already posted; 5. has helped; 6. have been; 7. has taken; 8. have never studied; 9. have sold; haven"t left. Ex. 2 (p. 4 3 - 4 4) 1. Yes, she has done t h e m . 2. Yes, I have cooked it. 3. Yes, she has learnt it by heart. 4. Yes, I have used it. 5. Yes, he has eaten it. 6. Yes, I have found them. 7. Yes, he has washed it. 8. Yes, I have heard t h e m . Ex. 3 (p. 4 4) 1. have stopped; 2. want, have not seen; 3. is, has always been; 4. Have you read, do you think; 5. have not b e e n , is, have never b e e n ; 6. Do you know, have you known, have known; 7. are, have wanted, have not done; 8. Do you realize, have known, is, have asked; 9. Do you know, has just left, is, Is, has b e e n , has never bought; 10. have been; 1 1 . have not seen; 12. has he been, seems; 13. have known, have never seen. Ex. 4 (p. 4 4) 1. Father has got a new job in South Africa. 2. He and Mother have left for Cape Town. 3. Mary has married an architect from Canada. 4. I have passed my law exams. 5. I"ve met the man for m e . Ex. 5 (p. 4 4) 1. He has overslept; 2. We have run out of bread; 3. She has caught a bad cold; 4. They have switched off their VCR. Ex. 6 (p. 4 5) 1. Yes, she has just c o m e from the market. 2. Yes, I"ve just phoned him. 3. No, thanks, I"ve just had a cup. Ex. 7 (p. 4 5) 1. been; 2. been; 3. gone; 4. gone. Ex. 8 (p. 4 5) 1. I"ve already had a bath. 2. I"ve already bought some. 3. I"ve already asked him. 4. haven"t invited t h e m yet; going to invite t h e m . 5. he"s already arrived. 6. has not written to him yet; is going to write to him. Ex. 9 (p. 4 5) 1. Have you ever been to Scotland? 2. Have your parents lived here all their lives? 3. Have you ever heard this concert? 4. How many times have you been married? 5. Has he ever met the President? 6. Have you ever visited the White House? 13 Ex. 10 (p. 4 5) 1. Yes, it"s the fastest car I"ve ever driven. 2. Yes, it"s the warmest coat I"ve ever had. 3. Yes, they"re the nicest people I"ve ever met. E x . 1 1 (p. 4 6) 1. Is this the first time you"ve skated? - Yes, I"ve never skated before. - No, it"s the second time I"ve skated this winter. 2. Is this the first time you"ve played volley-ball? - Yes, I"ve never played volley-ball before. - No, it"s the second time I"ve played volley-ball this year. 3. Is this the first time you"ve ever been to/in London? - Yes, I"ve never been to/in London before. - No, it"s the second time I"ve come to London. Ex. 1 2 (p. 4 6) 1 . Have you read any books recently? 2. Have you heard from Tom in the past few days? 3. Have you bought any new records recently? 4. Have you eaten anything today? 5. Have you seen any good films recently? 6. Has it snowed here this year yet? Ex. 13 (p. 4 6) 1. W h e n did it rain last? - It hasn"t rained for ages. 2. W h e n did they last visit you? - They haven"t visited us since June. 3. When did you last play tennis? - I haven"t played tennis for a l o n g t i m e . 4. When did you last eat coconut? - I have never eaten coconut. 5. W h e n did you last drive a car? - I haven"t driven for six months. 6. When did you last go to Canada? - I"ve never been to Canada. 7. When did she last write to you? - She hasn"t written to me since last summer. Ex. 14 (p. 4 6 - 4 7) 1. They have built a new house. Have you seen it yet? 2. Have you shown your pictire to your mother? - No, it isn"t ready yet. 3. I have seen this film, and you? - Yes, I have. It"s an interesting film. 4. Have you been to the London Zoo? - Yes, I have. 5. Father has just c o m e back from the sea. 6. Take these magazines. I"ve already read them. 7. Have you ever been to/in Greece? - Yes, I have. It"s a very beautiful country. 8. We haven"t finished the experiment yet. 9. She has never translated such difficult articles. 10. I have called him three times today. 1 1 . He has left for New York today. 12. Have you seen the director today? - No, I haven"t. Ex. 1 5 (p. 4 7) 2. It"s the second time you"ve b e e n late this w e e k . 3. It"s the third time the car has broken down this month. 4. It"s the fifth cup of coffee I have drunk tonight. Ex. 16 (p. 4 8) 1. Harry went to Egypt but now he has c o m e back (to Ireland). 2.1 lived in the centre but now I"ve moved to a new district. 3.1 had long hair but now I"ve cut it. 4.1 met Fran ten years ago and we"ve become great friends. 5. He travelled to the North last year, and now he has written a book about it. 6. Three years ago they bought a house but now they"ve sold it. 14 Ex. 1 7 (p. 4 8) 1. Wrong - was/is; 2. Right; 3. Wrong - invented; 4. Wrong - has bought. 5. Wrong - have broken; 6. Right. Ex, 18 (p. 4 9) 1. Have you cut, Did you cut, cut; 2. Have you spoken, I phoned her, did she tell you. Ex. 1 9 (p. 4 9) 1. They haven"t phoned so far today. 2. How many times did you phone him yesterday? 3. He has come to see us three times this month. 4. It hasn"t rained so far this summer. 5. How many shoes have you bought this season? Ex. 20 (p. 4 9) 1. worked; 2. have lived; 3. have been; 4. was; 5. has been; 6. never met; 7. has never met. Ex. 21 (p. 4 9 - 5 0) I. 1. Have you ever visited; have been; was 2. Have you been; have (been); went 3. Has he spoken; hasn"t (spoken); went, hasn"t arrived 4. Have you seen; have (seen); haven"t seen 5. Have you been; have (been); was 6. Did you go; did; went 7. Have you seen; haven"t seen; was; didn"t see 8. Have you shown; have (shown); showed I I . 1. have just called; 2. didn"t call; 3. have just gone; 4. has already answered; 5. answered; 6. went; 7. read; 8. has sold; 9. sold; 10. haven"t seen; 1 1 . met; 12. Has... come; 13. Did you wear; insisted; 14. hasn"t smoked; 15. did he arrive, arrived; 16. Have you shut; 17. read, enjoyed; 18. Have you b e e n , spent, Did you have, stopped; 19. has stopped; 2 0 . have just mended; 2 1 . left, got; 2 2 . Have you had, had; 2 3 . Did you see; 24. have missed; 2 5 . has just begun; 2 6 . broke; 2 7 . haven"t finished. I I I . 1. have you done, did you buy; 2. had, happened; 3,. found; 4. did you teach; 5. have had, has ruined; 6. spent; 7. have you spoken, spoke; 8. have seen, has arrived, saw, Have you seen; 9. haven"t shaven; 10. Did you hear, said; 1 1 . was, have picked; 12. was, said, went. Ex. 22 (p. 5 1) 1 . saw, are you doing,"m sleeping, have taken; 2. sleeps, is still sleeping; 3. met, have met; 4. go; 5. have been sitting, haven"t dozen; 6. is playing, play; 7. is taking; 8. wrote, have just written; 9. is talking, has happened; 10. hasn"t eaten, ate; 1 1 . is still dressing; 12. have read, read; 13. reads, is reading; 14. hasn"t had, had; 15. have stayed/have been staying, aren"t thinking. Ex. 23 (p. 5 1) 1 . I"ve lost the needle. I can"t find it anywhere. 2. Did you see the film on television yesterday? 3. Her parents bought her a car for her 21st birthday. 4. Her hair is very short now. She has had a new haircut. 5. Last night he arrived home very late. He had a bath and then he went to bed. 6. Did you visit many museums when you were in London? 7. The book isn"t on the shelf. Somebody has taken it. 8. W h e n did your father 15 give up smoking? 9.1 didn"t have breakfast in the morning because I didn"t feel hungry. 10. Why didn"t you want to play chess yesterday? 1 1 . The car looks very clean. Have you washed it? 12. Molly; Hello, James. Is Alan here? James: No, I"m afraid he"s gone out. Molly: What a pity. W h e n did he exactly go out? James: About twenty minutes ago. Ex. 24 (p. 5 1) 1. a m , have read; 2. have finished, Have a look; 3. Haven"t read; 4. Have you brought, have c o m e ; 5. have you been, know, went; 6. Has your grandson called on, c a m e ; 7. gave, haven"t seen; 8. Have you sent for, will c o m e ; 9. Have you known, have known; 10. like, have been; 1 1 . haven"t b e e n , moved, like; 12. Have seen, has changed; 13. left for, haven"t seen; 14. met, haven"t heard; 15. was, has changed, is shining; 16. Do you know, have never been; 17. haven"t called on, arrived. Ex. 25 (p. 52) 1. was raining; 2. have breakfast; 3. Has he built, is still building; 4. are you walking, am walking, am afraid, always walk; 5. never wears; 6. was watching TV; 7. comes, is, hasn"t c o m e ; 8. watch; 9. called on, was reading, finishes, will give/lend; 10. am afraid, have lost, was playing/played, play; 1 1 . hasn"t begun, are talking, begins; 12. played; 13. haven"t played; 14. is, wrote; 15. is, has fallen asleep, went to bed. Ex. 26 (p. 53) 1. because he had left; 2. because she had seen the film before; 3. because I had forgotten it; 4. because she had passed it before; 5. because he had spent all the money; 6. because I had lost the key; 7. that he had got married; 8. that it had returned; 9. that she had been ill for a month. Ex. 27 (p. 5 3) 1. had gone; 2. had got; 3. had built; 4. had left. Ex. 28 (p. 5 3) 1. He had never seen the sea before. 2. She had never been late before. 3. ... she had never played the guitar before. 4. ... she had never taught at school before. Ex. 29 (p. 5 4) 1. The train had just left. 2. Everybody had already gone out. 3. They had just come from school. 4. He had arranged to meet s o m e friends at the club. 5.1 hadn"t seen her for seven years. Ex. 3 0 (p. 5 4) 1. had gone; 2. went; 3. broke; 4. had broken, stopped. Ex. 31 (p. 5 4) 1. hadn"t switched off the light; 2. had walked a lot that day; 3. had passed the exams; 4. had shown me the picture; 5. had gone; 6. had died; 7. had left the room; 8. had married her; 9. had read it again. Ex. 32 (p. 5 4 - 5 5) 1. T h e sun had risen before he woke up. 2. He had been very ill before he died. 3.1 understood the problem as soon as he had explained it. 4. She went to the post office after she had written the letter. 5. The plane had taken off when I drove to the airport. 6. She had read the message carefully before she wrote the reply. 7.1 turned on the radio as soon as he had left the room. 8. He went to the cinema after he had had dinner. 9. The man didn"t leave till he had received a definite answer. 10. We didn"t say a word until he had finished his story. 1 1 . When we reached the football ground the g a m e had already started. 12. John had worked as a skilled builder before he began to study architecture. 13. Harold couldn"t leave for home till he had completed everything. 14. The snow was very d e e p after it had snowed heavily. Ex. 33 (p. 5 5) 1. had hardly gone, wandered; 2. had hardly reached, encountered; 3. had scarcely taken, appeared; 4. had started, broke; 5. had... left, broke out; 6. no sooner had they arrived, rang; 7. had the curtains fallen, rose; 8. Hardly had he asked, answered; 9. had scarcely taken, began; 10. had scarcely settled, fell; 1 1 . had nearly stopped, reached; 12. had scarcely said, interrupted. Ex. 3 4 (p. 5 5 - 5 6) 1 . 1 . ate; 2. wasn"t, had gone; 3. hadn"t played; 4. was, had lived; 5. was, had never seen; 6. had talked; 7. c a m e , had got; 8. returned, had arrived; 9. had gone, got; 10. had fallen/fell, left; 1 1 . had hardly been, came; 12. promised, had got; 13. had they moved, came; 14. went, had expected; 15. showed, was, had seen; 16. c a m e , sat, had been; 17. kept, had told; 18. spent, had heard, had never s e e n ; 19. knew, had come; 2 0 . knew, had m a d e . 11. 1. sat, had arrived; 2. was, had never seen; 3. was, had met; 4. was, had been; 5. was, had gone; 6. c a m e , had... heard; 7. hadn"t eaten, went; 8. retold, had held; 9. had gone, came; 10. was, had seen; 1 1 . re-read, had written; 12. had left/left, made; 13. had been, learnt; 14. had already arrived, entered; 15. hadn"t gone, noticed. Ex. 35 (p. 56) 1. had left, began; 2. hadn"t risen; 3. hadn"t gone; 4. told, had left; 5. had he taken, looked; 6. c a m e , found, looked, had been; 7. had hardly lit, came; 8. had grown, had b e c o m e ; 9. had fallen; 10. had been; 1 1 . had quarrelled, had taken; 12. left, hadn"t gone, r e m e m b e r e d , had forgotten; 13. had disappeared/disappeared; 14. had closed, o p e n e d . Ex. 3 6 (p. 5 6 - 5 7) 1 . 1 . closed, was sitting; 2. arrived, had started; 3. had stopped, was shining; 4. was just leaving; 5. was watching, were exchanging; 6. reached, had already started; 7. realized, was travelling; 8. was looking, found; 9. were you doing; 10. hadn"t been, began; 1 1 . didn"t allow, was blowing; 12. called, h a d ^ l r e a d y got; 13. heard, went, opened, didn"t recognize, wasn"t wearing; 14. (had) sealed and stamped, went, drew; 15. saw, were you using; was using, had hurt; 16. returned, were, had, had; 17. were walking, heard; turned, held; stopped; 18. arrived, was waiting; was wearing, looked; 19. saw, was painting; 2 0 . was watering, began; 2 1 . was saying, took; 2 2 . said, w e r e working, wanted. I I . 1. had just finished, was wrapping; 2. reached; 3. had c o m e in, was untying; 4. were enjoying; 5. was cycling, fell, hurt; 6. had dried, had powdered; 7. was beginning, was 17 whistling, were creeping; 8. had moved, was standing; 9. had entered, was rpQvi#g; 10. looked out, had approached, had overspread; 1 1 . hadn"t taken; 12. hadn"t arisen, were shining/shone. Ex. 37 (p. 5 7) 1. Entering, saw, had left; 2. noticed, e n t e r e d / c a m e in, had left; 3. had hardly read, declared, didn"t like; 4. had left, went into, turned off/switched off; 5. was sitting and thinking, hadn"t arrived/come; 6. had stopped, there was; 7. didn"t know, had left/gone; 8. didn"t remember, couldn"t/didn"t remember, had met; 9. drove, saw; 10. had passed, understood, had; 1 1 . Coming, learnt, had left; 12. c a m e back/returned, talked about, had seen; 13. had finished, knocked; 14. had been, hadn"t snowed; 15. had gone, came up/went to, dialled; 16. c a m e back, showed, had done; 17. tried/was trying, had left; 18. was astonished, had m a d e , had passed, saw; 19. No sooner had he come, met; 2 0 . returned, had lived; 2 1 . had parted, returned, w e n t / m a d e for; 2 2 . was, had expected/anticipated; 2 3 . knew, had met; 2 4 . had gone, shut/closed; 2 5 . was daylight, was still blowing, had stopped. Ex. 3 8 (p. 58) 1. "II have translated; 2. will have made; 3. won"t have learnt; 4. won"t have completed; 5. will have learnt; 6. will have come; 7. will have... gone. Ex. 39 (p. 58) 1. Oh no, they will have already moved; 2. we"ll have made; 3. they will have finished writing it; 4. he"ll have already graduated from the Institute; 5. I"ll have forgotten; 6. he"ll have left; 7. she"ll have received; 8. I"ll have gone. Ex. 40 (p. 5 8 - 5 9) 1 . "II have b e e n , c o m e ; 2. is, "II be; 3. are, I"ll go; 4. Will you be angry, talk; 5. finish, "II have done; 6. a m , will have left, Don"t worry, I"ll drive; 7. "II have stopped; 8. think, "II see; 9. don"t take, "II be late, get, will have been over, "II miss. Ex. 41 (p. 59) 1. I"ll have finished; 2. "II have done, "II go to the park; 3. "II have passed; 4. will have built; 5. I"ll have written, arrives; 6. will have left, c o m e ; 7. I"ll have translated. Ex. 4 2 (p. 5 9) 3. - Will you still be cooking dinner at 12 tomorrow? - I"ll have done the cooking already. 4. - Will you help Granny to look for her glasses when you c o m e back w? - she"ll have found them already. 5. - Will you see Jerry in Atlanta when I return? - I"m sure, he"ll have already arrived, 6. - Will Keith be at home if I call him up at 8 o"clock? - he"ll have c o m e already. 7. - Will they be having dinner at 6 o"clock? - they"ll have already had dinner by that time. 8. - Will you still be repairing the car if I call 1 for you at 6? - I"ll have repaired it already. 18 Ex. 4 3 (p. 5 9 - 6 0) ° V У? J< " v > 9 о i ."? r v ^ ?. . v \ > , « * , II. vfall visit; gets; "II be pfaying; doesn"t matter; "II go to see; have finished their talk; will have been over; will have had a shower; will have been ready; will have done; will be quite free; arrive, will be having dinner; "II be playing; have stopped; will have made; "II sit and drink; "II go. I I . will have finished, is looking forward to teaching; graduates, "II begin; think, he"ll become; will like; is working hard, knows, flies, may happen, will have no time; studied, helped; will be working; "II go, think, he"ll have finished. 8. THE PERFECT CONTINUOUS FORMS Ex. 1 (p. 6 1) 1. have been working; 2. Has she been sleeping; 3. have been talking; 4. have just been telling; 5. hasn"t been feeling; 6. have you been lying; 7. have been trying; 8. haven"t been sleeping; 9. have been seeing; 10. hasn"t been working. Ex. 2 (p. 61) 1. You have been working too hard lately. 2. Have you been standing in this cold long? 3. She has been scrubbing the floors for three hours. 4. They have been singing at the top of their voices since morning. Ex. 3 (p. 6 1) 1. Have you been waiting for me long? 2. Have you been fighting again? 3. How long has your foot been hurting you? 4. He has been studying for three hours already. 5.1 have been learning Spanish since September. 6. Ann has been looking for a job for six months. 7. My brother has been smoking for ten years. 8. They have been working in Manchester since the 1st of March. 9. How d e e p the snow is! How long has it been snowing? 10. Your eyes are red. Have you been crying? 1 1 . How long have you been playing chess? 12. How long have you been living in this town? Ex. 4 (p. 6 2) 1. Have you been reading; 2. are you doing; 3. has been doing; 4. is working, has been planting; 5. have been playing; 6. have been thinking; 7. have you been swimming; 8. are staying; 9. have been stealing; 10. are laying. Ex. 5 (p. 6 2) 1. has been ringing; 2. have been reading, am trying; 3. are the children doing, have been playing, are learning; 4. are leaving, have they been staying; 5. are you thinking, "m not thinking, "m counting; 6. is talking, has been driving; 7. have you been doing; 8. have been looking, is waiting. Ex. 6 (p. 6 2) 1. is looking at, so he is, have been meeting... lately; 2. are you hurrying, has been waiting for; 3. Are you reading; 4. is wearing; 5. have been wearing; 6. are you waiting for; 7. Have you been waiting for him long; 8. are you listening to; 9. has been teaching; 10. is teaching; 1 1 . have been developing; 12. am developing; 13. are you waving to. Ex. 7 (p. 6 3) 1. has changed; 2. have been collecting; have collected; 3. has been reading; have not finished; 4. have been waiting, has gone out; 5. has happened, has been ringing, has answered; 6. have come, have been standing, listening; 7. have ar19 rivedf have just been speaking; 8. have you known, have known; 9. have you turned, V a been playing; 10. "ve definitely decided. Ex. 8 (p. 6 3) 1. "ve been reading, "ve read; 2. has been sewing, has made; 3. has been skiing, has taken part; 4. has been writing, has written. Ex. 9 (p.- 6 3) 1. has she been travelling; 2. has he translated; 3. has he been translating; 4. have they visited. Ex. 10 (p. 6 3) 1. has been typing, has not finished; 2. "ve been wasting; 3. has fallen; 4. has been smoking; 5. has been doing, has gone; 6. has completed. E x . 1 1 (p. 6 4) 1. 1. Have we m e t ; 2. "ve often s e e n ; 3. "ve b e e n trying; 4. has b e e n studying, has learned; 5. haven"t h e a r d ; 6. "ve b e e n looking, haven"t f o u n d , "ve b e e n ; 7. Have you s e e n , haven"t b e e n , "ve b e e n talking; 8. "ve b e e n , "ve b e e n w a n d e r i n g ; 9. "ve c o m e ; 10. have informed; 1 1 . have b e e n doing; 1 2 . "ve loved; 1 3 . "ve s t a y e d / " v e b e e n staying. 11. 1. have been thinking, Have you made up; 2. have been struggling, have solved; 3. have been discussing, have been; 4. have been seeing, has put; 5. have been listening, "ve heard; 6. have been waiting, has looked; 7. "ve been telling, "ve never paid; 8. has been talking, has c o m e out; 9. has been doing, has improved; 10. "ve been asking, hasn"t answered. Ex. 1 2 (p. 6 4) 1. "ve been eating; 2. Have you eaten; 3. are you doing, are picking, have you picked, "ve picked; 4. have been shopping, have found; 5. is making; 6. "ve been polishing, am tired; 7. have you been doing, "ve been pumping, have pumped, Will you help; 8. Have you met, have known; 9. are you making, "ve lost, am trying, am throwing, are throwing, live; 10. has just sold, is lucky, has been painting, hasn"t sold; 1 1 . "ve been doing, haven"t done; 12. haven"t you brought, Haven"t you typed t h e m yet; 13. have you put, can"t find, has just gone; 14. has been standing, has already left; 15. has been collecting, got married, has collected, doesn"t know. Ex. 13 (p. 6 5) 1. are you looking for, are looking for, haven"t bought, have-bought; 2. are you doing, am reading, is, have you b e e n reading; 3. is, is working, has been working; 4. are you waiting, "m waiting, "ve b e e n waiting; 5. "ve b e e n standing, have they been talking; 6. are you thinking, am thinking; 7. a r e singing, "ve b e e n singing, walked. Ex. 14 (p. 65) 1. has returned, has been waiting; 2. have been reading; 3. came, was making, was having; 4. did you discuss, "ve never heard; 5. "ve been; 6. haven"t changed, "ve recognized, saw; 7. Has... gone; 8. did you go; 9. "ve offered; 10. "ve been overeating, "ve lost, "ve lost, told; 1 1 . saw, was driving; 12. hasn"t said, got; 13. have been talking; 14. "ve been singing; 15. is, is sitting, hasn"t moved; left. 20 Ex. 15 (p. 6 5 - 6 6) 1. do you hear, "ve been talking; 2. has changed; 3. haven"t seen; 4. "ve been; 5. "m leaving; 6. "m going, don"t begin, c o m e ; 7. see, talk; 8. have been living, has been; 9. have been crying; 10. hasn"t arrived, are standing; 1 1 . know, "ve known; 12. has been listening; 13. rock; 14. asks; 15. has fallen, hurt; 16. Have you heard, has asked, has asked, has been... refusing, Has she accepted; 17. read/have read; 18. has b e e n , has done; 19. has been, has been looking, doing, know, comes; 2 0 . haven"t been; 2 1 . has been puzzling, are you looking, J m speaking, has made. Ex. 16 (p. 6 6) 1. have been listening to; 2. is your son doing, have just phoned; 3. Have you been working; 4. "ve been waiting; 5. "ve been thinking, said; 6. "ve been looking for, have you been doing; 7. "ve been trying; 8. are, have been watching; 9. will the mechanic come, "ve been waiting for; 10. have been studying; 1 1 . has been raining; 12. haven"t been sleeping. Ex. 1 7 (p. 6 6) I. 1. have just seen;, was crossing.; 2. haven"t really worked; 3. did he come; 4. hasn"t come back; 5. have you been examining; 6. have been working; 7. have already had coffee; 8. has told; 9. w e r e going, told; 10. have been playing; 1 1 . have been working; 12. have heard; 13. did he write; 14. have I seen; 15. has explained; was ill, couldn"t call; 16. Have you written. I I . 1. has been training, have made; 2. has taken; left; 3. looked, said, was waiting; 4. have been arguing, have lost; 5. did you speak; 6. Have you known; 7. Have you been waiting; 8. did you begin; 9. are, have you been doing, "ve been peeling; 10. left; 1 1 . came up to, o p e n e d , waved; 12. have been waiting, has told; 13. am afraid, has changed; didn"t tell, saw. Ex. 18 (p. 6 7) 1. had been gathering; 2. had been shivering; 3. had already been discussing; 4. had been holding. Ex. 1 9 (p. 6 7) 1. was leaving, had stopped; 2. was, was, had been working; 3. had been listening, wondered; had heard; 4. said, had been teaching; 5. said, had just finished, had been reading; 6. c a m e , brought, had been expecting; 7. had been raining, were. Ex. 20 (p. 6 7 - 6 8) 1. Yes, it did. It had been raining for 3 hours. 2. Yes, she did. She had been working there for 25 years. 3. Yes, I did. I had been living there for a fortnight. 4. Yes, they did. They had been studying it for 5 years. 5. Yes, they did. They had been working on it for 2 years. 6. Yes, he did. He had been playing football for 6 years. 7. Yes, he did. He had been listening to it for an hour. 8. Yes, they did. They had been walking for 2 hours. Ex. 21 (p. 6 8) 1. They had been quarrelling on the way home. 2. Mother had been baking bread. 3. She had been reading too long. 4. You had been dancing all night. 5. Somebody had been using my typewriter. 21 Ex. 22 (p. 6 8 * 6 9) 1. The lecturer had been speaking for 15 minutes when the deanjCotro&jn. 2. Larry had been waiting for half an hour when he realized that he had come to the wrong hotel. 3. My father-in-law had been working in America for 2 years when the war ended, Ex. 23 (p. 6 9) 1. had been running; 2. had been talking; 3. was writing; 4. were waiting, had been waiting; 5. had been standing. Ex. 24 (p. 6 9) 1. got, was eating; 2. was, had been talking; 3. went, were expecting; 4. turned, was standing; 5. had been fanning, stopped; 6. was leaving, called; 7. asked, had been looking; 8. were standing; 9. didn"t say, had been sleeping, had. Ex. 25 (p. 7 0) 1. new, had gone; 2. had been standing, c a m e up; 3. was speaking, saw; 4. had parked, a p p e a r e d , stood; 5. c a m e , had lived; 6. w e r e talking, came; 7. looked, was sleeping; 8. had left/left, stood; 9. had dressed, went, wrote; 10. welcomed, turned, had been fighting; 1 1 . was reading, appeared; 12. c a m e , saw, had changed; 13. had been sitting, c a m e ; 14. was, were having; 15. sat down, had prepared; 16. sat, had left; 17. looked, found, had m a d e ; 18. was, had been. Ex. 26 (p. 7 0) 1. did... find out, had come; 2. left, had not gone, discovered, was, had left; 3. had been living; 4. enabled, had done; 5. destroyed, killed; 6. had scarcely got, heard; 7. had been looking; 8. drew up, stepped, had been sitting; 9. had rung, was; 10. shouted, was running; 1 1 . picked up, had been reading, c a m e , turned, had stopped; 12. had not eaten, was growling; 13. had arrived. Ex. 27 (p. 7 0 - 7 1) 1. quarrelled/had a deadly quarrel; 2. was wearing, had not seen; 3. had left, were sitting; 4. met, smiled, asked, had spent; 5. think, showed, was, had been painting; 6. did not get; had stopped; 7. copied, put, went, had stopped, returned, had, sat down; 8. had been studying, started/began, asked, was finishing; 9. was having a bath, rang; 10. c a m e round/dropped in, had not seen, noticed, had changed; 1 1 . no sooner had they driven, the police stopped; 12. had been travelling, looked, did not feel; 13. had died down, had cleared, was shining; 14. looked, softened; 15. visited, had spent, had planted, was, turned into/grew. Ex. 28 (p. 7 1 - 7 2) 1. "II have been learning; 2. "II have been living; 3. will have been reconstructing; 4. "II have been grumbling; 5. "II have been painting. Ex. 29 (p. 7 2) 1. graduates from, will have been working; 2. "II have been advertising, appear; 3. will have been studying; 4. comes, "II have been living; 5. c o m e back, will have been painting; 6. will they have been running, bring. 9. THE REVISION ON TENSES Ex. 1 (p. 7 2 - 7 3) 1. hasn"t phoned, arrived; 2. has happened, left; 3. think, has become, saw; 4. have you been doing/have you done; 5. have been saving; 6. have you been 22 doing, look; 7. said; have been Icfokingr have ; never Hrad, did; 8 / h a v e been doing; 9>havfe been thinking, told; 10. Have you been living, left; 1 1 . are having, watching; 12. has come, Has he b e e n , was; 13. "ve just been, Have you seen, did you see, did you go; 14. want, Have you discussed, "ve been skiing; 15. a m , "ve given, am asking, is, "ve put, a m ; 16. are, a m not, want, saw, "ve been dreading, don"t know, do you think, are they still waiting; 17. do you know, is, are having, are, aren"t, "ve b e e n ; 18. Have the children returned, brought, have not cooked, have you been doing. Ex. 2 (p. 7 3) 1.1. were you going, met, was going, had forgotten; 2. enabled, had omitted; 3. decided, found out, had begun; 4. was, found, had begun; 5. turned, lay, took, had been reading; 6. took, had put, went; 7. was, c a m e , had said; 8. was, was, sat, circled, was raining, had been raining; 9. looked, wanted, had been; 10. was, had imagined; 1 1 . came, had promised, were waiting, entered, rushed; 12. had been playing. I I . 1. busied, sliced, fired; 2. had been blowing; 3. was, had been, lay; 4. tried, were saying, were, (were) speaking; 5. deepened, stopped, had been pursuing; 6. was not, had expected; 7. had gone, fallen, knocked, begged; 8. had, had, had invited, rang, was; 9. had been listening, hastened; 10. had been, was, found, had gone. Ex. 3 (p. 7 4) pulled, tried, b e c a m e , had pulled, was filling, fell. Ex. 4 (p. 7 4) looked; was; had not made, had seen; got, put; turned, washed, dried; brushed, turned, took, left. Ex. 5 (p. 7 4) 1 . w e n t , opened; took, put; drank, ate; wasn"t, had finished, remembered, had promised, would not touch, would clear; 2. sat; heard; w o n d e r e d , was doing; was; had crossed, was standing. Ex. 6 (p. 7 4) went, called; went, stretched, picked; shot, heard; was; spoke, was smiling; are you leaving; "II fly, is finished; "II have; put, c a m e ; was, said; know, said; is leaving; is taking; have not seen, have you; have not. Ex. 7 (p. 7 5) placed, let; took, put; showed; was, had been painting; had never sold; were; were, were; were. Ex. 8 (p. 7 5) was; was, had received; entered, rushed, kissed, shook, told, had missed; spoke, asked; asked, had not c o m e . Ex. 9 (p. 75) had just finished; went; settled, was leaving, called; is, want; came; obeyed; got, began; was making, did not like; was. Ex. 10 (p. 7 5) had not covered, favoured; met, was, took, wanted; had made, was travelling, wanted, was; was, looked. 23 Ex* 1 1 (p. 7 5 - 7 6) told; knocked? opened; was, looked; was pacing, talked; said, was, have decided. Ex. 1 2 (p. 76) had gone, went, lit; felt; was passing/had passed, was clamouring; remembered, had had, went; had died, was; found, ate, looked/was looking; was, ate; needed, was; was, went; was; sat, continued; had finished, c a m e . Ex. 1 3 (p. 7 6) 1. put; looked, were, had not been painted, went; was; looked, was; looked; sucked; longed. 2. told, had won, was; had lived, had gone; had left, was, had c o m b e d . ~» Ex. 14 (p. 7 6 - 7 7) had not b e e n , met; c a m e , was having, introduced; had heard, was, announced, had c o m e ; asked, had had breakfast; answered; smiled, showed; was; had not shaved; said, leaned, lit, had offered; did you meet, asked; were doing; smiled, said, was. Ex. 1 5 (p. 7 7) was, was giving; knew; knew; was, had been invited; had accepted; said, would be, permitted; had never seen; has not had, c a m e ; works, is; gets, will be, comes; blazed; was packed; overflowed, were sitting. Ex. 1 6 (p. 7 7 - 7 8) I. woke, was burning, had started, hit; had been, were; had been; had missed, had been sleeping; was, took; passed; was, did not want, got, pulled, could; saw, got; did not remember; found, had saved. I I . did you meet, picked, insisted, had, "ve had, c a m e , thought, went, got, saw, decided, doesn"t sound, isn"t, is, is, am going, is, have been looking for, swept, meet. I I I . was, waited, had gone, were, sneaked, picked, asked, is, a m , was, is, have not met, a m , was, said, don"t know, are talking, protested, took, met, grew, have got, is, do not know, has certainly never stayed. IV. was sitting, looked, came, got, wished, believe, is, phoned, wasn"t it, was, is, frowned, sat, believe, told, have never heard, have you c o m e , didn"t believe, leaned, are you accusing, are lying, know, said, was going, phoned, hadn"t worked out, was coming, arrived, was, c a m e , is, know, had been staying. Ex. 1 7 (p. 7 8 - 7 9) 1. did you go, went, had left, went; 2. has he gone, think, has gone, goes; 3. Have you lived, did you live; 4. have been expecting; 5. are you doing, am doing, do you do, do, have had; 6. have been walking, are tired; 7. Have you found, lost; yes, I have; did you find, had been; 8. have known each other; 9. went, have been; 10. have already arrived, know; 1 1 . had finished, was sitting, was, had just set; 12. have been waiting; 13. write, "II go and post, don"t know, gets; 14. is, have been peeling; 15. have been, moved, was; 16. Do they write, have been corresponding; 17. have been thinking; 18. haven"t seen, moved; 19. have been writing, a m ; 2 0 . are, have just been talking; 2 1 . has been talking, left; 2 2 . have been playing. 24 Ex. 1 8 (p. 7 9) 1. have been thinking, have worked, know; 2. c a m e up, had dropped, stopped; 3. Do you like, love, has been; 4. has always called; 5. will be constantly ringing; 6. coming back, will stay; 7. has locked, won"t go down, leave/have left; 8. saw, had been waiting for, had come; 9. has been going on; 10. know, have lived; 1 1 . was cooking, was tidying up; 12. had hardly entered, broke out; 13. turned away, saw, had sprung into; 14. decided, "II go, haven"t changed; 15. have you been feeling; 16. haven"t eaten, came; 17. isn"t coming, have just spoken; 18. had taken, was smoking; 19. haven"t danced; 2 0 . has been raining, think, won"t stop; 2 1 . will have finished; 2 2 . discovered; 2 3 . No sooner he had opened, scattered; 24. will be sailing back; 2 5 . are walking; 26. had paled, was growing dark, shone; 2 7 . had put, was sitting; 2 8 . have been dreaming; 2 9 . leaves, don"t go, "II be late/"ll miss; 3 0 . stayed, returned; 3 1 . got up, c a m e up, wasn"t raining, there were; 3 2 . have never felt, do; 3 3 . am leaving; 3 4 . had hardly approached, heard; 35. "II tell, "II find out; 3 6 . was, had been blowing, had stopped, it was still drizzling; 37. had hardly said good-bye, started; 3 8 . opened, was smoking; 3 9 . "II tell, has seen/sees; 4 0 . drove, stopped. 11. TALKING ABOUT THE FUTURE Ex. 1 (p. 8 3) 1. Lucy is staying with her aunt in the South of France. 2. Roy is taking his younger brother to C a n a d a to his parents. 3. Letty is spending a fortnight in Rome. 4. Peter and John are hiking in the Swiss mountains. 5. Miranda is going round Greek islands on a cruising boat. Ex. 2 (p. 8 3) 1. Are you travelling by train? 2. Are you taking a lot of things? 3. Are your animals going with you? 4. Are you letting your flat for the season? 5. Are you renting a car? Ex. 3 (p. 8 3) 1. are opening; 2. are you going away? 3. open, close; 4. start; 5. does the plane... leave? 6. are going, are you coming; 7. are launching. Ex. 4 (p. 8 4) A.: Let"s go to the theatre tomorrow. В.: I"m sorry. I"d love to, but I"m working late tomorrow. A.: What about Wednesday then? В.: I"m afraid, I can"t. I"m meeting my parents at the airport. A.: Well, what are you doing on Saturday evening? В.: I"m playing tennis this Saturday. A.: I see. Well, are you free on Sunday evening? В.: We are having a reunion party at school on Sunday. Ex. 5 (p. 84) 1. I"m going to speak to him after lunch. 2. I"m just going to make it. 3. I"m going to buy it soon. 4. I"m just going to do it. Ex. 6 (p. 84) 1. What are you going to wear? 2. Where are you going to hang it? 3. What are you going to buy instead? 25 EXJ 7 (p. 85) 1. was going to askiher) 2\ yvere^goirrg toyisijbit; 3. was going to attend й: Ex. 8 (p. 85) 1. "m going to miss you. 2. They are going to get lost. 3. He is going to lose it. Ex. 9 (p. 85) 1. Have you cleaned the car? - Not yet. I"m going to clean it tomorrow. 2. Have you had dinner? - Not yet. We"re just going to have dinner. 3. The sky is so blue. It"s going to be a fine day. 4. I"ve decided to make a party. - Who are you going to invite? 5. Did your friends go to Spain on holidays? - No. They were going to, but they changed their mind. 6. The examination is tomorrow. You haven"t studied at all, you"re going to fail. Ex. 10 (p. 86) 1.1 think I"ll go for a swim. 2.1 think I"ll do my home work tomorrow. 3. I"ll phone Ann now. 4.1 don"t think I"ll have coffee. 5.1 don"t think I"ll go there on holidays. 6.1 don"t think I"ll go to the cinema. 7.1 think I"ll have juice. 8.1 don"t think I"ll go for a walk. 9.1 think I"ll go by car. 10.1 don"t think I"ll watch TV tonight. Ex. 11 (p. 86) 1. I"ll go to the cleaner"s. 2. I"ll do the shopping. 3. I"ll wash the dog. Ex. 12 (p. 86) 1. I"ll cook dinner in the afternoon. 2. I"ll write to you as soon as I get there. 3. I"ll wash it tomorrow. 4. I won"t break anything. 5. I"ll take them on Sunday. 6. Do you promise not to tell anyone? 7. I"ll come after you as soon as I can. 8. promise I won"t be angry. Ex. 13 (p. 86) 1. are going; 2. starts; 3. will get; 4. am meeting; 5. are arriving; 6. won"t hurt; 7. will phone Ex. 14 (p. 87) 1. She"ll probably never write. 2. expect they"ll stay at her aunt"s. 3. am sure he"ll phone tonight. 4. think they"ll send a cable. 5. am sure he"ll come back very soon. 6. expect she"ll give you a kiss. Ex. 15 (p. 87) 1. are you turning on, am going to; 2.1 forgot, don"t worry, I"ll lend; 3. is aching, I"ll bring; 4. are you carrying, I"m going to; 5. I"ve decided, are you going to; 6. There"s fire coming out of, I"ll call; 7. looks strange, as if it is going to; 8. I"ll show; 9. I"ll have; 10. Has Anton decided on; ts planned, is going to, is going to; 11. shall we have, don"t know, can"t make up my mind, come on, hurry up, we"ll have; 12. need, Do we?, I"ll go and get some, am going to get, Do you want, I need, I"ll get; 13. can you take me, I"ll take, do you want me to take you, is taking me. Ex. 16 (p. 88) 1. are to; 2. are not to; 3. is (just) about to; 4. am (just) about to; 5. is due to; 6. is not due to. Ex. 17 (p. 88) a future fact; intention; intention; arrangement; a future fact. Ex. 18 (p. 88-89) 1. She is going to buy him a new record for his birthday. 2. Tomorrow is May 1. It will rain. 3.1 was going to see this film yesterday,... 4. We are meeting/are to meet at the Milk bar. He says he is going to ring me up at 7. 26 Ex. 1 9 4p; 8 9) 1. We"ll go to Italy. 2. I"ll sfritfw ydu the way. 3. I"m going to visit the Hermitage. 4. I"ll help you. Ex. 20 (p. 8 9) 1. I"m staying at the Astoria Hotel. 2. We are going to the Maryinsky Theatre the first evening I am in St. Petersburg. 3. I"m meeting my Russian teacher the day after tomorrow. 4. I"m leaving St. Petersburg in a week. Ex. 21 (p. 89) a. #1 b. #2 THE с #1 SEQUENCE d. #1 OF TENSES 1 . G E N E R A L RULES Exf 4 (p- 94) 1. had; 2. was doing; 3. looks; 4. meant, said, had; 5. was; 6. was doing, intended; 7. knew; 8. was making; 9. was, didn"t leave; 10. felt; 11. was. Ex. 5 (p. 94) 1. had changed; 2. had been buying; 3. had received; 4. had been happening/had happened; 5. had gone; 6. had spent; 7. had done; 8. had lived/had been living; 9. had told; 10. had let; 11. had wanted; 12. had been; 13. had never got married; 14. had been doing; Ex, 6 (p. 95) 1. had formulated; 2. have ever seen; 3. thought, had made; 4. was going; 5. had been waiting; 6. had returned; 7. was feeling/felt; could go; 8. had put; 9. had not seen; 10. was going to do, hoped; 11. was hanging; 12. had been living/had lived; 13. had suddenly invented. Ex. 7 (p. 95) 1. told, was interested in; 2. knew, was thinking; 3. said, would return; 4. knew, was living/lived; 5. knew, had lived; 6. didn"t tell, had spoken; 7. thought, received; 8. was glad, had received; 9. thought, would invite; 10. was sure, worked; 11 i was sure, was working, didn"t enter; 12. told me, had seen; 13. was sure, was sitting; 14. said, liked; 15. was sure, had been living; 16. heard, were; 17. heard, had been; 18. heard, had been working; 19. didn"t know, was ill; 20. didn"t know, had been ill; 21. didn"t know, had known; 22. was told, returned/had returned. Ex. 8 (p. 86-87) 1. was sure, regretted, had quarrelled; 2. thought, was tired, asked, had been doing; 3. had the impression, had been; 4. nodded, said, it was what she wanted; 5. said, could not understand, had changed; 6. suspected, had forgotten to mention, was waiting; 7. have no idea, knows, will be; 8. Does Ted know, is coming; 9. didn"t know yet, would be doing; 10. said, would discuss, returned; 11. thought, would call, received; 12. said, would read, had passed; 13. said; would not go, (had) finished; 14. was afraid, would be angry, didn"t come; 15. promised, would talk, saw. 27 REVISION Ex. 1 (p. 9 6) 1. was happening/had happened; 2. were/would be; 3. returned, was sitting, (was) taking; 4. were, had... been crying; 5. was trying, was; 6. was, saw, said, "ve been fighting; 7. would sleep; 8. m a d e , h a d / h a d had; 9. would tell, lived; 10. drove, stared; 1 1 . were running; 12. was sitting, (was) eating, c a m e , was, had been, was having, waved, saw; 13. remained, had passed; 14. had fallen, returned, said, had turned, couldn"t, had... understood, had happened; 15. had been sitting, sat; 16. looked, was sitting, lay, had been doing; 17. was reading, crossed; 18. were coming, ran. Ex. 2 (p. 9 6 - 9 7) I. 1. thought, were busy; 2. said, wanted; 3. hoped, could swim; 4. announced, wanted to go; 5. asked, had; 6. said, must; 7. was sorry, had to stay; 8. said, liked; 9. didn"t know, lived; 10. said, was shut (closed) that day; 1 1 . thought, knew; 12. thought, were still playing; 13. said, got up; 14. didn"t know, like/liked. I I . 1. Did you know, had gone; 2. didn"t tell, had spoken; 3. said, had... had dinner; 4. asked, had got; 5. rang up, found out, had... gone; 6. Did... tell, had accepted; 7. denied, had spoken; 8. Didn"t... know, had gone; 9. thought, had graduated from; 10. said, had s e e n . I I I . 1. said, would take part; 2. hoped, would be back; 3. said, would c o m e back; 4. believed, would work; 5. h o p e d , would be able to go; 6. didn"t know, would go; 7. told, would be doing; 8. said, would begin; 9. told, wouldn"t wait for; 10. thought, would have. Ex. 3 (p. 9 7) 1. said, had been ... busy, hadn"t b e e n ; 2. w a s sure, (had) told, had received; 3. w a s surprised, hadn"t told, w e r e going; 4. thought, would read, h a d . . . arrived; 5. promised, would tell, h a d . . . c o m e back, w a n t e d ; 6. was afraid, would tell, couldn"t help; 7. knew, felt, w a s not satisfied; 8. was sure, had already heard, had returned; 9. said, would send, didn"t hear; 10. said, was still, was going to see; 1 1 . said, had just c o m e , w a s leaving for; 12. told, the matter w a s , think, "II be able to help; 13. said, w a s . . . busy, hadn"t b e e n ; 14. said, must revise, w a n t e d to do well at; 15. promised to get, b e g a n working on; 16. thought, would be fine; 17. heard, w e r e free, decided, would be able to help. DIRECT 1. A N D INDIRECT INDIRECT SPEECH STATEMENTS Ex. 1 (p. 9 9) 1. told, hoped to pass; 2. said, was listening to; 3. said, had made; 4. told, had seen; 5. said, had not read; 6. said, hadn"t cleaned; 7. said, didn"t want to wear; 8. said, felt tired, had; 9. told, had; 10. said, had not s e e n . 28 Ex. 2 (p. 99) 1. "I haven"t got..." 2. "I"m pleased..." 3. "I haven"t seen..." 4. "Henry is studying..." 5. "I don"t want..." 6. "We don"t understand..." 7. "You are driving-..." 8. "The children are playing...". Ex. 3 (p. 99) 1. tells; 2. told; 3. tell; 4. said; 5. tells; 6. said; 7. says. Ex. 4 (p. 99) 1. are always saying; 2. asked; 3. said; 4. told; 5. says; 6. asked; 7. say; 8. said; 9. says; 10. told; 1 1 . asked/said; 12. said; 13 told. 2. INDIRECT COMMAND AND REQUEST Ex. 1 (p. 100) 1. asked... to take; 2. told... to collect, put; 3. told... not to run; 4. told... to learn; 5. asked... to meet; 6. told... not to go out; 7. told... to open; 8. told... not to go back; 9. asked... to tell. Ex. 2 (p. 100) 1. asked... to give me; 2. told... not to get off...; 3. asked... to clean; 4. asked... to shut; 5. reminded... to post; 6. forbade... to c o m e into; 7. warned... there was no parking/ parking was not allowed; 8. advised... to visit. 3. INDIRECT QUESTIONS Ex. 1 (p. 101) 1. asked, if... c a m e ; 2. asked, if... had got; 3. asked, if... understood; 4. asked, if... wanted to be; 5. asked, if... was going; 6. asked, if... had been. Ex. 2 (p. 101) 1. asked, were tired; 2. asked, had slept; 3. wondered, went; 4. wanted to know, had been working; 5. asked, would be; 6. asked, had seen; 7. wanted to know, liked/had liked; 8. asked, were working. Ex. 3 (p. 1 0 2 - 1 0 3) 1. asked, what... was doing; 2. asked, where... was going; 3. asked, what... has; 4. asked, who... had caused; 5. asked, when... (had) learnt; 6. asked, where... had put; 7. asked, which... can be divided; 8. asked, w h e n . . . was going; 9. asked, where... had lost; 10. asked, what... were doing; 1 1 . asked, why... hadn"t answered; 12. asked, what the matter was; 13. asked, when... would be ready; 14. asked, why... wore; 15. asked, who... was looking at; 16. asked, who was; 17. asked, when... bought/had bought. Ex. 4 (p. 103) 1. asked m e , began; 2. asked, liked; 3. asked, knew; 4. asked, was working; 5. asked, had been/was; 6. asked, had spent; 7. asked, had had ... made; 8. asked, had read; 9. asked, went/had gone; 10. asked, were going to do; 1 1 . asked, hadn"t bought; 12. asked, had passed; 13. asked, had seen; 14. asked, would call/was going to call; 15. asked, was going. 29 REVISION c - Ex. 1 (p. 1 0 3 - 1 0 4) I. 1. asked, how he felt; 2. remarks, E. is; 3. says, John... seems; 4. asked, who... was writing; 5. says, Jack is, is playing; 6. asked what was burning; 7. replies, she can"t understand, he is talking; 8. asked, who had given; 9. says, she"ll tell him, she"ll be back; 10. asked, how much... spends; 1 1 . says, M. has known; 12. says, S h . is, he has... had; 13. asked, who... had visited; : 14. says, he was born; 15. says, they didn"t have; 16. says, she was; 17. says, when she c a m e . . . was playing; 18. says, rang, was writing, I I . 1. said, he... has; 2. said, he had; 3. said, she was... prepared, c a m e ; 4. said, he was sorry to; 5. said, he was; 6. said, he was, they wanted; 7. said, John... comes; 8. said, she didn"t think, could accuse; 9. said, she was learning; 10. said, the taxi was waiting; 1 1 . said, F. would be; 12. said, she would go, see, went; 13. said, he wouldn"t be able to see her; 14. said, they wouldn"t do; 15. said, he would wait for; 16. said, she would never forget her; 17. said, she w a s . . . grateful for, she had done. Ex. 2 (p. 104) 1. heard, knew, would go up; 2. thought, preferred to be; 3. heard, would be, ordered; 4. asked, had had/would have; 5. asked, had; 6. was, told, had to go; 7. had, would be; 8. said, woqld be; 9. promised, would try; 10. told, had happened; 1 1 . asked, had lived; 12. rang, said, didn"t like; 13. told, to be, dialed, was; 14. put, belonged, told, had done, returned, treated, went; 15. wrote, would come. Ex. 3 (p. 1 0 4 - 1 0 5) I. asked, if I was waiting, invited; asked, what the problem was; said, was/had been run down; asked, stayed/had stayed/had been staying; wondered, why I hadn"t kept/hadn"t been keeping; explained, met; wanted to know, how I spent/had spent/had been spending; said, went; asked if I had, had to admit, lasted; asked, if I smoked, smoked, asked, smoked; asked, if I took/had taken/had been taking; answered, didn"t have/hadn"t had time. I I . what to do/what they should do; ordered them to clean; told them not to leave; advised them to shovel; how to get rid/we should get rid of; let"s load; what to do/what we should do. Ex. 4 (p. 105) said, had studied; told me; had put on...; added, had gained; told me, went on, would get; a d d e d , had to put; said, would have to live; a g r e e d , could live. T H E 2. PASSIVE USES OF THE V O I C E PASSIVE VOICE Ex. 2 (p. 1 1 1 - 1 1 2) 1. will be driven; 2. -; 3. were built; 4. -; 5. -; 6. was informed; 7. -; 8. -; 9. must be obeyed; 10. -; 1 1 . can be bought; 12. has to be written; 13. has been sold; 14. is held; 15. has been proved; 16. -. 30 Ex. 3 (p. 112) 1. was asked; 2. were made; 3. w a s being played; 4. were told; 5. were built; 6. was solved; 7. was opened; 8. were chosen; 9. was m a d e ; 10. was met; 1 1 . was taught. Ex. 5 (p. 1 1 2 - 1 1 3) 1. can/could be heard; 2. is/was praised; 3. is taken for; 4. a m / w a s woken up; 5. was found; 6. was bought; 7. was painted; 8. was broken; 9. will be posted; 10. will be discussed; 1 1 . will be changed; 12. were met; 13. has been brought; 14. has just been spilt; 15. has been broken; 16. has been dusted; 17. was shown; 18. was asked; 19. was lent; 2 0 . was sent; 2 1 . was sent for; 2 2 . was listened to; 2 3 . was much spoken about; 24. is often referred to; 25. was/has been agreed upon; 2 6 . is/was/will be listened to; 2 7 . is always found... with; 2 8 . has never been lived in. Ex. 6 (p. 113) 1. has been sent for; 2. has been looked after; 3. was being listened to; 4. willbe taken good care of; 5. isn"t looked after; 6. will be Spoken to/should be spoken to; 7. is listened to; 8. hadn"t been taken care of; 9. can be relied on; 10. has been looked upon. Ex. 7 (p. 113) 1. should be dry-cleaned; 2. is wasted; 3. will be typed; 4. is being repaired; 5. has been left; 6. has... been posted; 7. haven"t been informed; 8. have been ordered; 9. isn"t stamped; 10. haven"t been introduced yet; 1 1 . has been destroyed; 12. can be... done; 13. must be left. Ex. 9 (p. 114) 1. died; 2. was given; 3. was attended; 4. be held; 5. lined; 6. was drawn; 7. followed; 8. was given; 9. watched; 10. could be heard; 1 1 . turned; 12. whispered. Ex. 10 (p. 114) 1. may not be used; 2, hasn"t been read, haven"t been cut; 3. isn"t/hasn"t been locked or put; 4. are being m e n d e d / a m having them m e n d e d ; 5. is used; 6. be left; 7. will be operated on; 8. are being reconstructed, will have b e e n finished; 9. will be exhibited; 10. was being followed; 1 1 . is swept, was not swept; 12. has been spoilt; 13. was left, was found; 14. are built; 15. is being repaired, was... hurt; 16. will b e t a k e n ; 17. were returned, had been picked up. Ex. 1 1 (p. 114) 1. has been swept, mopped, dusted; 2. were told, was being questioned; 3. will be found; 4. was occupied, was quieted; 5. was... done; 6. is being interviewed; 7. would be done; 8. was being watched; 9. had been washed, had been combed, had been removed; 10. had been dragged. Ex. 12 (p. 115) 1. is being redecorated; 2. is being constructed, will be built/is being built; 3. was built, was known, was erected; 4. is used; 5. had been locked; 6. had been left; 7. was being prepared; 8. had been prepared, had been floored, tented, placed; 9. had been sweetened. Ex. 13 (p. 115) 1. received, was... looked after; 2. was being prepared; 3. was unlocked, had left; 4. c a m e , had... been served; 5. was greeted, was sitting; 6. was brought, (was) put; 7. (was) closed, dropped, stared; 8. could be/was;... explained; 9. was shut; 10. was 31 palled, was pushed; 1 1 . was persuaded; 12. c a m e , were driven,; 13. was discussed; 14. was asked; 15. t a p p e d , o p e n e d ; 16. has been taken. Ex. 1 4 (p. 115) 1. who built; 2. i s . . . being built; 3. h a s . . . been built; 4. are ... built; 5. will ... be built; 6. is... being discussed; 7. do you discuss/are... discussed; 8. has... been discussed; 9. Had... been discussed, was sent. Ex. 1 5 (p. 115) 1. was not forgiven; 2. wasn"t asked; 3. wasn"t asked; 4. was forgiven and forgotten; 5. was envied; 6. was envied, had expected; 7. can be forgiven; 8. a m . . . forgiven; 9. may be asked; 10. may be asked; 1 1 . can be envied; 12. can"t be forgiven. Ex. 16 (p. 116) 1. was shown, is done; 2. was promised; 3. was given; 4. will be served; 5. will be shown; 6. was given; 7. was given; 8. was shown; 9. w e r e not shown; 10. was promised; 1 1 . were... told; 12. W e r e . . . shown; 13. W e r e . . . offered; 14. was... offered; 15. weren"t... told; 16. will... be shown; 17. wasn"t... given; 18. will be given. Ex. 17 (p. 116) 1. are... listened to; 2. was interrupted; 3. was... loved and trusted; 4. is (being) taken care of; 5. was written; 6. was opened, was taken into; 7. wasn"t made, was broken; 8. is much spoken about; 9. was being cooked, c a m e up; 10. was dictated, was asked; 1 1 . was being asked, entered, the students were being examined; 12. will be given; 13. has been sent for/was sent for; 14. will have b e e n completed; 15. hasn"t been seen; 16. was told, w e r e being built; 17. was told, should be cooked; 18. will find out, is sent; 19. did ... go, wasn"t told. Ex. 18 (p. 116) 1. was shown, had been done; 2. is spoken of; 3. was explained; 4. was cut off, was sent for; 5. was offered; 6. Can... be relied on; 7. was told, should give up; 8. Were... asked; 9. were thanked; 10. was advised; 1 1 . should be put an end to; 12. will not be asked; 13. were... forbiden/are not allowed; 14. were... dictated. Ex. 19 (p. 1 1 6 - 1 1 7) 1. are taken; 2. was told, had... left; 3. was asked not to... 4. was asked, was told; 5. Will... be given; 6. was approved; 7. are taught, are played with, are entertained; 8. was dictated; 9. will be given; 10. will be taken; 1 1 . was being built; 12. has... been decided; 13. will be taken good care of/will be well looked after; 14. was said; 15. have been taught; 16. should... be done; 17. can"t... be done; 18. were... told; 19. hasn"t... been done yet; 2 0 . is being played. Ex. 2 0 (p. 117) I. 1. were shown, is produced; 2. have... been spoken to; 3. are well read, are seldom found; 4. Have... been explained, were not allowed; 5. c a m e , had been restored; 6. was published, had been expected, is being... discussed; 7. don"t say, will be laughed at; 8. have been told nothing; 9. Has... been approved yet, is still being discussed, has... been discussed; 10. will be informed, have been sent; 1 1 . was offered, doesn"t want; 12. turned on; was being played; 13. didn"t know, was being introduced; 14. wasn"t paied attention to; was m a d e much fuss of. 32 I I . 1. Is... being d o n e to restore; 2. has never b e e n t a k e n for; 3. has b e e n m o v e d , w e r e sent; 4. must be a c c o u n t e d for; 5. H a v e . . . b e e n taught; 6. w e r e treated to; 7. has been stolen; 8. have never been spoken to; 9. ought to be d o n e ; 10. can"t be repaired; 1 1 . is well spoken of; 12. has b e e n p r o m o t e d (t o) c a p t a i n ; 13. will be told, leaves; 14. was being concealed f r o m ; 15. s h a n " t / w o n " t be s e e n ; 16. is being aired, is aired. I I I . 1. won"t be operated on; 2. was received, was woken up, (was) given; 3. was interested in, were referred t o / h a d been referred t o / w e r e being referred to; 4. were considered, wasn"t even thought of; 5. was approved, was pointed at; 6. will be played; 7. were explained, (were) dictated, (were) given; 8. will be taken care of/cared of, will be delivered; 9. couldn"t hear, w a s being said; 10. We"ll find out, has been looked after; 1 1 . has been given. REVISION Ex. 1 (p. 118) 1. was looked; 2. had been said; 3. have ... been treated; 4. am paid; 5. was being restored; 6. is being done/has been done; 7. had been turned; 8. has been seen; 9. had been offered; 10. was given; 1 1 . were asked; 12. had been ifluenced; 13. are dealt; 14. had been promised; 15. had... been made; 16. has been lent. Ex. 2 (p. 1 1 8 - 1 1 9) I. had been expected, were shown, were detained, were not allowed, had been chosen, had been pointed, was interrupted, had been warned, were being introduced. I I . were being killed, were shot, were thrown, was poisoned, was brought, were held, were leapt, were saved. I I I . were found, was being emptied, were dragged, stood, be left, were included, was being sent, was ... connected, was ... discovered. IV. was given, had been drawn, was ... hampered, is believed, was caused, was observed, were brought, were trapped, were overcome, was taken, is reported. Ex. 3 (p . 119) I. knew, was, had been deprived, had been taken, had been inserted, needed, was held, were, knew, were left, would become, would be m a d e , was struck, was taken, (was) placed, am going, will be observed, is done, will not be approved/is not approved, will be seen, will be punished, return, were impressed, went, returned, s e e m e d , had passed, was astounded, have been outwitted, were overturned, were spattered, had been thrown, was being fought, was being had, wondered, had not been respected, looked, saw, had been covered. I I . boarded, had been provided with, was fitted, glowed/were glowing, were shut, went out, was, had been, w e r e painted out, imposed, had put, longed/was longing, tried/was trying, was, had worn/had been wearing, had been, clung, set, hadn"t occured, had been, had been wandering, had lunched, had been ordered, were n e e d e d , had not dined, saw, sat/was sitting, c a m e . 33 Ex. 4 (p. 120) , v - г ", -л

Учебное пособие Практическая грамматика английского языка. Дроздова Т. Ю. предназначено для начинающих и продолжающих изучение английского языка (уровень А1 и А2). Работа с изданием направлена на последовательное детальное изучение основных разделов грамматики английского языка . Объяснения даются на русском языке с использованием таблиц, схем и моделей. В издании более 500 упражнений, выполненных в виде рабочей тетради.

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Дроздова Т. Ю.
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Книга содержит ответы-ключи, что позволяет успешно использовать пособие для самостоятельной работы. https://tserf.ru/ Если английская грамматика кажется Вам «туманным Альбионом», то, безусловно, эта книга для Вас. Предлагаемое Вашему вниманию учебное пособие предназначено для начинающих и продолжающих изучение английского языка (уровень А1 и А2). Работа с пособием направлена на последовательное детальное изучение основных разделов грамматики английского языка. Хотите повысить уровень владения языком и заниматься с профессиональным преподавателем? Курсы арабского языка в Воронеже с широким выбором различных материалов и возможность заниматься индивидуально или удаленно по скайпу .

ОТ АВТОРА

Если английская грамматика кажется Вам «туманным Альбионом», то, безусловно, эта книга для Вас. Предлагаемое Вашему вниманию учебное пособие предназначено для начинающих и продолжающих изучение английского языка (уровень А1 и А2). Работа с пособием направлена на последовательное детальное изучение основных разделов грамматики английского языка.

Мы старались, чтобы этот учебник отличали:
– доступность изложения – грамматические пояснения даются на русском языке в простой и доступной форме с использованием таблиц, схем и моделей, способствующих лучшему пониманию и запоминанию материала.

— оптимальные условия усвоения – в пособии подробно рассмотрены 17 основных грамматических разделов – большой объем информации разделен автором на более мелкие тематические блоки. Количество нового материала в каждом из них учитывает особенности работы человеческой памяти.

– большой объём тренировочного материала – в учебнике более 500 разнообразных упражнений, основанных на оригинальных текстах и диалогах. Поскольку «всё познается в сравнении», в каждый тренировочный блок включены упражнения на перевод с русского языка на английский.

– психологическая комфортность – интересные современные тексты упражнений, удобство расположения материала и визуальные «опоры» делают работу с пособием приятной и эффективной. С учебником удобно работать – все упражнения выполнены в виде рабочей тетради.

– контроль усвоения – для контроля и самоконтроля пособие завершается комплексными тестами на все изученные грамматические темы.

Плюс к этому:

– дополнительные возможности – упражнения в виде коротких рассказов, шуток и диалогов можно использовать не только для изучения грамматических моделей. Связные тексты позволяют применять поддерживающую методику «проговаривания» (пересказ, вопросы и ответы), что значительно улучшает запоминание и способствует автоматизации навыка.

– повторение изученной лексики – лексическое наполнение упражнений соответствует основным темам повседневного общения. Значительная их часть представляет собой живые диалоги, которые одновременно с работой над грамматикой помогают развивать разговорные навыки.

Учебное пособие «Практическая грамматика английского языка » выполнено так, что может успешно использоваться как независимый учебник грамматики, а ответы-ключи помогут при самостоятельной работе. Желаю успеха!