In an open syllable, the vowel A is pronounced like . Here are examples of words with A in the open syllable: snake - snake (Fig. 2.), lake - lake, plane - plane, plate - plate, name - name.

If the vowel A is before the vowels Y and I, then such combinations AY, AI will be read as. Here are examples of words with such combinations: rain - rain, train - train, tail - tail, wait - wait, sail - sail, May - May, play - play, day - day, way - path. If the vowel A is in combination with the letters W and L, then the pairs AW and AL are pronounced as [ɔː]. Here are examples of such words: ball - ball (Fig. 3.), tall - high, all [ɔːl] - everything, small - small, wall - wall, paw - paw, draw - draw, straw - straw, law - law, flaw - a crack.

In a closed syllable, the vowel E is read as a short sound [e]. Here are examples of words with E in a closed syllable: pen - pen, red - red, bed - bed, egg - egg, hen - chicken. In an open syllable, the vowel E is pronounced as a long sound. Here are examples of words with E in an open syllable: she [ʃiː] - she, he - he, be - be, Pete - Pete, we - we.

If there are two vowels E side by side in a word, then such a combination of EE will be read as a long sound. Here are examples of words with this combination: tree - tree, sweet - candy (Fig. 4.), green - green, meet - meet, bee - bee.

If the vowel letter E is in combination with the letter A, then the pair EA is also pronounced as a long sound. Here are examples of such words: read - read, please - please, mean - keep in mind, tea - tea, sea - sea.

So, we got acquainted with the rules for reading the vowels A and E in an open and closed syllable, as well as in their combinations.

The vowel A is pronounced in two ways. In an open syllable, it is read as a sound, for example plane - an airplane. In a closed syllable, the vowel A is read as the sound [æ], for example flat - flat.

The vowel letter E in a closed syllable is read as a sound [e], for example red - red, and in an open syllable - as a long sound, for example we - we.

Bibliography

1. Afanas'eva O.V., Mikheeva I.V. English language. Grade 2 - M: Bustard, 2014.
2. Biboletova M.Z., Denisenko O.A., Trubaneva N.N. English language. Grade 2 - Title, 2008.
3. Bykova N.I., Dooley D., Pospelova M.D. etc. English language. Grade 2 - Enlightenment, 2013.

1. Alleng.ru ().
2. Alleng.ru ().
3. Learnathome.ru ().

Homework

1. Learn how to read all the words from the video lesson correctly.
2. For each learned rule for reading the vowels A and E, find two English example words.
3. Learn the words from the video lesson and the new words you find.

A word consists of syllables - from one or more. In Russian, as you know, a syllable is formed by a vowel. In English, the syllable is formed not only by vowels, but also by some sonorant consonants(in which the voice received during the vibration of the vocal cords prevails over the noise that occurs when the obstruction is overcome by exhaled air), namely, consonants [m], [n], [l]. They can form a syllable when they are preceded by a consonant and not followed by a vowel. Thus, such consonants are called syllabic.
An example is the word table ["teɪbl], which has two syllables, in which the second syllable is formed by the consonant "l": ta-ble (I foresee a possible question - what about the final "e"? And the final "e" is not pronounced here and serves only to ensure that the first syllable is open and the stressed vowel "a" in it is read alphabetically, which will be discussed in a little more detail below.) In the example of sudden ["sʌdn], a word also consisting of two syllables: sud-den, the second syllable is formed by the consonant "n", due to the fact that the preceding "e" is unreadable (in the English suffix "en" in general, "e" is often not readable).

If there are more than one syllables in a word, then one of them (and in a polysyllabic word there may be two) is pronounced stronger, more distinctly, louder, more intensely - such a syllable is called shock. The rest of the syllables are therefore unstressed. In English, stress, which is never placed directly in writing, but only when a word is spelled transcription, for example, in a dictionary, is always stressed, above (main stress) and below (secondary stress, if any):

factory

to begin

screwdriver

To learn how to read correctly in English, it is necessary not only to know the correspondence of letters and sounds, both vowels and consonants, but also rules for division into graphic syllables, which directly determine reading rules in english.

So, the rules for dividing into graphic syllables are as follows:

1. If there is one consonant between two vowels in a word (but NOT the letter r), then when divided into syllables, it goes to the second unstressed syllable, that is, the stressed syllable turns out to be open and the vowel in it is read according to the I type of syllable (as in the alphabet): lo-tos ["ləʊtəs], o-bey [ə" beɪ]. If the consonant "r" is behind the stressed vowel of a two-syllable word, this vowel is read according to the IV type of syllable, for example, during ["djʊərɪŋ], Mary ["mɛərɪ].
   Exception: in English there are a number of two-syllable words in which the stressed vowel in an open syllable is read briefly, for example: city ["sɪtɪ], pity ["pɪtɪ], copy ["kɔpɪ], very ["verɪ], etc.
2. If there are two or three consonants between two vowels in a word (including the doubled letter r), then one of them (sometimes two) remains in the first syllable (closing the stressed syllable). The vowel in this case is read according to the type II syllable (briefly), and the second (sometimes the second and third) consonant goes to the second syllable: ten-der ["tendə], trans-la-te. An exception to this rule will be discussed in the following paragraph 2.
3. If in a word between two vowels there are two consonants, of which the second conveys a sound that is syllabic ([m], [n], [l]), then when divided into syllables, both consonants go to the second syllable, leaving the first (stressed ) open syllable: no-ble ["nəʊbl], Bi-ble ["baɪbl].
4. Doubled consonants convey one sound, although they are written and broken into syllables. In this case, the syllable boundary passes inside this sound: let-ter ["letə], sor-ry ["sɔrɪ].
5. If there are three consonants between two vowels in a word, one of which conveys a syllable-forming sound, then when divided into syllables, the first consonant goes to the first syllable, and the other two to the second: twid-dle ["twɪdl].

Types of syllable in English

English has the following types of graphic syllables.

1. open syllable ending in a vowel: be, me, he;
2. Closed syllable ending in one or more consonants: met, nest;
3. Conditionally open syllable, takes place when a word has two vowels separated by one consonant. Such a word has two graphic syllables: ta-ke, li-ke. In the second syllable, the vowel "e" is not readable (hence its name). "mute "e""). The first syllable ends in a vowel, i.e. is open. Thus, in such words only one vowel is read, that is, phonetically (in pronunciation) it has one syllable, since the second vowel is not read.

In preparing the article, materials were used

1. Ed. Arakina V.D.; Selyanina L.I., Gintovt K.P., Sokolova M.A. etc. Practical course of the English language. 1 course: Proc. for pedagogical universities on special "Foreign language". - 5th ed., Rev. - M.: Humanit. ed. center "Vlados", 1998. (pp. 42-43)
2. Belkina, G.A.; Levina, L.V. Corrective course on the phonetics of the English language. Publisher: M.: In-Yaz, 1971 (p. 8)

Trainer for reading English vowels in open and closed syllables. For children who are just starting to learn English letters, it is very difficult to learn English sounds.

The simulator is used to practice open and closed syllables and is designed for 2nd grade students. According to the teaching staff of Biboletova (4th quarter). According to UMK Vereshchagina (the end of the second quarter - the beginning of the second quarter). According to UMK Starlight (end of September). This simulator will help not only remember vowels and sounds, but also help to distinguish in what position the letter is read in an open or closed syllable.

aa
cake, Kate, name, plane, plate, snake, take, Jane, sale
hat, cat, bat, fat, Sam, cap, bad, parrot, carrot, rat, ant, many, black, map, can
a black cat, a bad snake, many parrots, a fat rat, a black rat and a fat cat, a cake and a plate, a black bat hat
Take a cat. Take a plate. Take a black rat and a fat cat. Take a map.
Take a cake, Kate. Jane, take a parrot and a carrot. Take a fat cat and a black hat, Sam.
What's your name? How many plates has Jane got? Has Sam got a map?

[əʊ] no, rose, stone, open, home, go, globe

[ͻ] on, not, hot, dog, frog, doll, hop, robot, box, clock

Rose, doll, frog, home, robot, dog, stone, box

No, go, globe, hop, hot, doll, doll, home

go home, a big dog, a big doll, a big box, a small clock, a box and a dog

go home. A big dog has a big clock. A small frog has a big box.

Open box. A frog opens a small box. I have at a doll at home.

Have they got a doll at home? - No, they haven't. They have got a robot at home.

Kite, mice, bike, hi, Mike, nice, fine, like, white, nine

[i] Tim, Bill, pink, kitten, big, little, pig, milk, it, his, with

a little kite, a little cat, a little pig, a little hat, little mice

a nice bike, a nice cat, a nice pet, nice mice

a big kitten, a big pink kitten, a big fat cat, a big plane

I like my bike. I like my cat. I like my big fat cat. I like my nice little pink pig. I am fine.

I like my little nice mice. I like my nice pink kite. I like it.

I like to play with my nice little kitten. Let's play with his big bike.

ee
see, be, Pete, he, beet, she, bee, keep, we, green, sweet,
Ned, pet, let "s, hen, ten, pen, desk, red, bed, Bet, lemon,

Pete, bed, Ted, let, green, pen, bee

Peg, desk, see, keep, red, hen, beet

Green pen, red desk, Pete and a bee, Ted and his pet,

A black desk, a big red hen on the little black desk

See a red beet. Take a pen. Take a hen. Keep a green pen. See a black desk.

Take a pen, Pete. His pen is bad. His desk is big. Ted, see a big bee.

Let's play with a pet, Pete. What green toys has Peg got?

Computer, pupil, tube, due, student, tulip, music

Up, cup, bus, cut, sun, sunny, plus, puppy, funny

Computer, bus, cup, pupil, plus, student

Up, puppy, tube, student, pupil, sun, cut

A sunny day, a sunny smile, a big bus and a little cup,

A big funny puppy, a funny puppy and a sunny smile

Get up, puppy. Let's listen to the music. students are funny.

Let's play computer games with the students. They are funny.

My, fly, why, try, cry, type

Funny, puppy, sunny, system, myth, baby

Funny, why, cry, funny, try, fly, system, myth

A big fly, my big fly, a big fat funny fly, a big thin funny puppy

Don't cry. Don't try. Don't fly. Fly my little kite.

Try to cry, my baby. I want you to cry. Why do you cry?

Why don't you try to cry? Fly! Fly a kite. Fly my little funny kite.

See the full text of the material Simulator for reading English vowels in open and closed syllables in the downloaded file.
The page contains a snippet.

First, let's find out what is different open syllable in English from the closed one and using examples, let's see how to read letters correctly in a particular syllable.

Open syllable in English

If a word ends in a vowel, then it is an open syllable.

name - name

my - my

take - take

You have probably already noticed that in almost all cases, the vowel e at the end of the word is mute (unreadable). Let's now take a closer look at how to correctly read vowels in an open stressed syllable.

In an open syllable, all vowels are read as in the alphabet. The exception is the letter y . There are 6 vowels in the alphabet. Let's look at each of them in the table below.

English vowels and examples of their pronunciation in words

aa

name - name
lake - lake
say - to say

As you have already noticed, the last vowel in the English word is not readable. She only says that the first vowel in the word should be read as in the alphabet.

ee

be - to be
me - me
settle - bench

In most prepositions, we pronounce the last vowel, as in the example with the preposition be (to be) and me (me).

II

nice - to be
like - me
line - bench

Oh

no - no
nose - nose
go - go, go

Uu

mute - mute
tune - tune

Yy

my - my
skype - skype

The vowel y in the English word conveys the sound despite the fact that it has a transcription.

Closed syllable in English.

If a word ends in a consonant, then it is closed syllable.

pen - pen

good [ɡʊd] - good

sit - to sit

Let's analyze the rules for reading each vowel separately in closed syllable in English.

English vowels and examples of their pronunciation in a closed syllable

aa

bad - bad
dad - dad
back - back
black - black
flat - flat

The letter Aa in a closed stressed syllable is read as a sound [æ]. This sound is similar to something between Russian A and E. In the examples, you can clearly hear how to pronounce this sound. Practice well before moving on to the next letter.

Oh

stop - stop
box - box
from - from, from
shop
hot - hot

Letter Oo in a closed stressed syllable is read as sound [ə]. This sound is similar to the Russian sound Oh, but in Russian, when we pronounce Oh, we stretch our lips forward, in English, when pronouncing the sound [ə], the lips do not stretch forward. The examples clearly audible how to pronounce this sound.

II

big - big
film - film
milk - milk
sit - to sit
fish - fish

The letter Ii in a closed stressed syllable is read as a sound [I]. This sound is similar to the Russian sound I. In the examples, you can clearly hear how to pronounce this sound.

ee

best - the best
bed - bed
dress - dress
egg - egg
get - receive

The letter Ee in a closed stressed syllable is read as a sound [e]. This sound is similar to the Russian sound E. In the examples, you can clearly hear how to pronounce this sound.

Uu

cup - a cup
sun - the sun
run - to run
fun - fun
up - up

The letter Uu in a closed stressed syllable is read as a [ʌ] sound. This sound is similar to the Russian sound A, but in English it is more tense. The examples clearly audible how to pronounce this sound.

Yy

gym - gym
myth - myth
rhythm - rhythm

The letter Yy in a closed stressed syllable is read in the same way as the letter Ii. This sound is similar to the Russian sound I. In the examples, you can clearly hear how to pronounce this sound.

Useful

A diphthong is when one letter contains two sounds. For example, in the letter a, two sounds.

Open closed syllable in English: exercises

Now let's practice a little. Choose which of the sounds is present in the word.

red (red)

black (black)

The English vowel system at first glance seems very confusing. Of course, because there are only 6 letters in the alphabet, and 20 sounds! But everything is subject to certain rules, which are not so difficult to understand. The whole secret is in the syllables into which each word is divided.

Learning to read is impossible without knowing the basics of syllable division, which consists in the number of vowels in a word. So, for example, a syllable is: a-tom, i-tem. The letter l + e and r + e, where “e” is not pronounced, is also a separate part of the word: ta-ble, ti-tle.

Types of syllables in English divided into shock and unstressed.

Drums are formed into specific groups:

1st. Open

First of all, we mentally divide the word into syllables, then look at which letter it ends with:

- the vowel at the end indicates an open syllable, which means it is pronounced as in the alphabet (“a” - hey, “o” - oh): see, go, he.

- if the word ends with “e”, it is called dumb e, then the syllable is also open: pale, sake, like.

2nd. Closed

Almost all English syllables ending in a consonant can be classified as closed (with the exception of the letter “r”): bag, fun, plan.

3rd. Syllable with letter “r”

If after the stressed vowel there is an “r”, which is not pronounced, then the vowel becomes long: firm, sport, car.

4th. Syllable with the letter “r” + “e”

The letter “e” is silent, it is not pronounced, just like “r”. It is these letter combinations that are called diphthongs and triphthongs: parents, fire, pure.

Each vowel, depending on the open or closed syllable, is pronounced differently. All of them must be learned by heart and practiced through various phonetic exercises.

1st: Aa - - correspond to the Russian "hey", Ee - - is similar to the extended Russian "and", Yy - - to "ai", Ii - - "ai", Uu - - to the extended "yu", Oo - - pronounced like " OU" .

Aa - make, Ee - we, Ii - time, Yy - type, Uu - tube, Oo - note.

2nd: Aa - [æ] - the average of the sound of Russian letters "e and a", Ee - [e] - "e", Yy - [i] - "and", Ii - [i] - "and", -Uu - [ʌ] - "a", Oo - [ɔ] - reads like Russian "o".

Aa - cat, Ee - bed, Ii - sit, Yy - system, Uu - cup, Oo - not.

3rd: Aa - - correspond to the extended Russian "a", Ee - [e] - "e", Yy - [ə:] resembles something in between Russian "e and o", a little sound "e", Ii - [ə: ] - a mixture of “e and o”, a little from the sound “e”, Uu - [ə:] - “e and o”, Oo - [ɔ:] - extended “o”.

Aa - car, Eee - her, Ii - girl, uu - cure, Oo - more.

4th:: Aa - [ɛə] - sounds like Russian "ea", Ee - - "ie", Yy - - "th", Ii - - "ay", Uu - - "yue", Oo - [ɔ :] - long "o".

Aa - share, Ee - here, Ii - fire, Yy - tyrant, Oo - more.

Another type of syllable in English is unstressed syllable.

From the name it is clear that this is a syllable that does not fall under stress. Without stress, English vowels are read especially. So let's see:

Aa, oo, uu- read as sound [ə]: a gain, s o ntrol, diffic u lt.
Ee, Ii, Yy- read as sound [i]: b e come, d e cide, cit y.

But:
- e + n + consonant = [ə] student
- e + l, n at the end = [-] (disappears, not pronounced) seven
- i + final l \u003d [-] (disappears, not pronounced) pupil
- o + final n \u003d [-] (disappears, not pronounced): lesson

Lot? Yes? Training and more training. Gradually, you will easily notice open and closed syllables, develop phonetic intuition.