An implacable proud spirit, then Mtsyri is a man who enters into a fight with fate, tearing the shackles of predestination.

Belinsky called "Mtsyri" the poet's favorite ideal. Why? What does Lermontov appreciate in a person, what does he exalt? Belinsky defined it this way: "fiery soul", "powerful spirit", "gigantic nature". "Fiery soul" makes the young monk a passionate being. The "mighty spirit" manifests itself in the fearless fight between Mtsyri and the leopard. "Giant nature" makes Mtsyri related to the "people of the old days", to whose country he dreams of returning.

The Spaniard, Arseniy, Mtsyri are monks, but there is little monasticism in them, they are emotional, passionate natures. Not for them is the harsh law of the monastery, against which the heart rebels:

Unites the three heroes of Lermontov's poems and a romantic conflict with the world: Mtsyri is alien to people, Arseniy is surrounded by enemies, the Spaniard "does not expect anything from people." But unlike "Confession" and "Boyar Orsha", "Mtsyri" does not mention love as a guiding force. The "poison of love" did not poison Mtsyri's heart: the young man seeks to find his homeland, "to lay down on his own chest."

In Lermontov's youthful poem "Confession", the hero violated the monastic law for the sake of a woman. In the name of love, he commits a mysterious crime, unknown to the reader, he is tried "for what, for what no one knew and could not know." The condemned monk refuses to pray for salvation, does not regret his fate. Minutes of a human being, filled with the joys of earthly love, are dearer to him than "life without joy and troubles." The hero refuses paradise if it is paradise without a beloved, without the fulfillment of his burning desires:

Love makes Arseniy (“Boyarin Orsha”) also commit crimes: he tastes forbidden love, becomes a robber, cheats on his compatriots, going over to the side of the Lithuanians. Arseny is endowed with demonic features, features of a "strange person", a rebel and a fierce loner. Arseny's rebellion has a symbolic meaning in the poem: he cannot come to terms not only with his own fate, but also with fate in general, the fate of a person doomed to turn into dust. Instead of a "pure heart" of his beloved, the hero finds a huge amount of bones on her bed:

Here sounds important for Lermontov "honey path". The "honey path", in the understanding of the abbot, is the path of sinful knowledge of the sweetness of life, which is forbidden for a person and therefore leads to suffering. The hero, having entered the "honey path", seeks to see the world, enjoy love, and taste the fruits of earthly pleasures. But at the same time, the “honey path” is a special path, it marks a break with the law in the poem, going beyond the border of permissible knowledge. This is how it is understood in Mtsyri. Lermontov put the biblical line as the epigraph to "Mtsyri": "Eating, tasting a little honey, and now I die." Mtsyri was looking not so much for the "honey" of pleasures, but for freedom, knowledge, and kinship. The whole fault of the young monk is in his lofty aspirations: he did not commit crimes, did not revel in love.

In his last romantic poem, Lermontov complicates and even rethinks the early traditional images he had outlined. It is no coincidence that researchers emphasize the complex synthetic form of Lermontov's romantic poem.

The poem "Mtsyri" had a long history of creation. The reason for writing it was the meeting of Lermontov, who wandered along the Georgian Military Highway in 1837, with a lonely monk, the last inhabitant of the monastery - Beri. As a child, he was captured by General Yermolov. Yermolov took him with him, but the boy, cut off from his family and his native village, fell ill on the way. The general left the sick child to the monastery brethren, but the highlander could not come to terms with the monastery, made attempts to escape, after one of such attempts he ended up on the edge of the grave. The poem was also inspired by Georgian folklore, which Lermontov admired. So the episode of the battle with the leopard goes back to the ancient Georgian song “Young man and the leopard”.

The combination of naturalness and alienation from the natural world is not Mtsyra's only contradiction. In him, “freestyle is strong,” and at the same time, he is “weak and flexible, like a reed.” Fearlessness, desperate courage coexist in his soul with fearfulness. He yearns for freedom, but has spent most of his life in prison: "Prison left its mark on me." Expressing his admiration for the free world, Mtsyri compares the heights of the mountain ranges with the altar ("they smoked like altars") - and we immediately recognize in this free highlander "in the prime of life" a monk. Mtsyri dreams of finding a home, but he is drawn into the "wonderful world of worries and battles." Different principles, irreconcilable contradictions in the soul of Mtsyri "never come together."

To live for Mtsyri means to experience strong feelings, to hate and love, to descend into the “threatening abyss”. He says to the old monk: “You lived, old man! // You have something in the world to forget, // You lived - I could also live. Mtsyri calls life three days when he admired a woman, fought a leopard, wandered in the forest, looking for a way to the house.

For Mtsyra, the lost and newly found paradise of the motherland is more precious than the paradise of monastic prayers. A person is trying to return to the original, sinless state, to find the lost homeland. In Lermontov's lyrics, it is "sky and stars", in the poem - the ideal of his native land, living in the imagination and memory of Mtsyra. The attempt is doomed to failure: nature, time, internal contradictions pose obstacles to a person. His blossoming flesh turns to dust (daughter of the boyar Orsha), a powerful spirit imprisoned in a weak body (Mtsyri), time erases all traces of the struggle (prologues to poems). And yet Mtsyri does not renounce his quest, does not reconcile himself with cruel fate. He wants to find the ideal on earth, and not in the sky beyond the clouds, as was the case with the heroes of Lermontov's early lyrics.

Mtsyri paid a cruel price for his desire for perfection, but did not give up daring. Before his death, he wants to hear the "native sound", to see the peaks of the Caucasus. His imagination, his spirit is not lulled by the “goldfish”, is not lulled by the “sweet delirium”, promising “free living and cold and peace”. He wandered, stumbled, and never reached his destination. Instead of defeating fate, he defeated the leopard. But Mtsyri does not regret his search, does not curse, but blesses freedom. In his image, as in the image of Pechorin, Lermontov affirms the “eternal search”, the impulse to freedom, the right to “restless movement” of the spirit.

The prologue and finale of the poem are cosmic, in them the fate of Mtsyri correlates with eternity. The monastery, the established order, the monks - all this has long since sunk into oblivion. However, the all-consuming time cannot force us to discount the person. “All the anxieties and sufferings of private fate remain unresolved, its impulse to freedom is unsatisfied, and the disappearance of a person is a disappearance without a trace! - from the face of the earth responds in our minds with a painful dissonance, ”wrote the literary critic Yu. Mann.

/V.G. Belinsky. Poems by M. Lermontov. St. Petersburg. 1840/

Now it remains for us to analyze Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri". The captive Circassian boy was brought up in a Georgian monastery; grown up, he wants to become, or they want to make him a monk. Once there was a terrible storm, during which the Circassian disappeared. He disappeared for three days, and on the fourth he was found in the steppe, near the monastery, weak, sick, and the dying man was transferred back to the monastery. Almost the entire poem consists of a confession about what happened to him during those three days. For a long time the ghost of his homeland had beckoned him to itself, darkly hovering in his soul, like a memory of childhood. He wanted to see God's world - and left.

A long time ago I thought To look at the distant fields, To find out if the earth is beautiful 14 - And at the hour of the night, a terrible hour, When the thunderstorm frightened you, When, crowding at the altar, You lay prostrate on the ground, I ran away. O! I, like a brother, would be glad to embrace the storm! I watched the clouds with my eyes, I caught the lightning with my hand... Tell me, what among these walls could you give me in exchange for That brief but living friendship Between a stormy heart and a thunderstorm?..

Already from these words you can see what a fiery soul, what a mighty spirit, what a gigantic nature this gentleman has! This is the favorite ideal of our poet, this is the reflection in poetry of the shadow of his own personality. In everything that the mtsyri says, it breathes with his own spirit, strikes him with his own power. This work is subjective.

<...>Despite the immaturity of the idea and some tension in the content of "Mtsyri", the details and presentation of this poem are amazing in their execution. It can be said without exaggeration that the poet took flowers from the rainbow, the rays from the sun, the sparkle from the lightning, the roar from the thunders, the rumble from the winds, that all nature itself carried and gave him materials when he wrote this poem.<...>This iambic tetrameter with only masculine endings, as in "The Prisoner of Chillon" 15, sounds and abruptly falls like a blow of a sword striking its victim.

Elasticity, energy and sonorous, monotonous fall are in amazing harmony with the concentrated feeling, the indestructible strength of a powerful nature and the tragic position of the hero of the poem. And meanwhile, what a variety of pictures, images and feelings! Here are storms of the spirit, and tenderness of the heart, and cries of despair, and quiet complaints, and proud bitterness, and meek sadness, and the darkness of the night, and the solemn grandeur of the morning, and the brilliance of noon, and the mysterious charm of the evening! .. Many positions amaze with their fidelity : such is the place where the mtsyri describes his fading near the monastery, when his chest burned with a dying fire, when soothing dreams of death were already blowing over his tired head and her fantastic visions swept. Pictures of nature expose the brush of the great master: they breathe the grandiosity and luxurious brilliance of the fantastic Caucasus. The Caucasus took full tribute from the muse of our poet...

<...>What a pity that another poem by Lermontov has not been printed, the action of which is also taking place in the Caucasus and which is circulating in the manuscript in the public, as "Woe from Wit" used to be: we are talking about "The Demon" 16 . The thought of this poem is deeper and incomparably more mature than the thought of "Mtsyra", and although its execution is reminiscent of some immaturity, the luxury of pictures, the richness of poetic animation, excellent verses, loftiness of thoughts, the charming charm of images puts it incomparably higher than "Mtsyra" and surpasses everything, what can be said in her praise.<...>

Read also the analysis of other works by M.Yu. Lermontov.

Belinsky about the poem "Mtsyri":

“What a fiery soul, what a mighty spirit, what a gigantic nature this Mtsyri has! This is the favorite ideal of our poet, this is the reflection in poetry of the shadow of his own personality.

“Despite the immaturity of the idea and some tension in the content of Mtsyri, the details and presentation of this poem are amazing in their execution. It can be said without exaggeration

That the poet took the flowers from the rainbow, the rays from the sun, the sparkle from the lightning, the roar from the thunders, the rumble from the winds - that all nature itself carried and gave him materials when he wrote this poem.

(2 votes, average: 3.00 out of 5)

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Belinsky about the poem "Mtsyri"

1. "... What a fiery soul, what a mighty spirit, what a gigantic nature this Mtsyri has!" - wrote V. G. Belinsky about the main character of Lermontov's poem. And what did you see in the image of Mtsyri special, unusual?

Let's delve into the text of the poem

2. Try again to delve into the lines of the poem in order to better understand its meaning, its hero. Notice how the tone of the story changes in the third chapter of the poem. What is it connected with?

3. "Can you tell your soul?" - Mtsyri asks excitedly at the beginning of his confession. What, with no one shared feelings and thoughts for many years lurked in his soul? (Read expressively the third and fourth chapters of the poem. Note the role of epithets, comparisons, metaphors in depicting the internal state of the hero.)

4. How did Mtsyri see nature in the wild? Why do her descriptions occupy such a large place (ch. 6)?

5. Mtsyri's confession allows us to learn about what his memories were like when he was free. What is especially touching about his story (ch. 7)?

6. Mtsyri ran away from the monastery during a thunderstorm, when everyone was "prone on the ground." How do we see Mtsyri in this "night, terrible hour"? Which of Belinsky's definitions, in your opinion, is most suitable here: "fiery soul", "powerful spirit", "gigantic nature"?

7. "God's garden bloomed all around me" - this is how the morning in the mountains appeared before Mtsyri after a thunderstorm. What does he notice around him, what does he hear, what feelings does he experience? Why, remembering all this, does he want to talk about what he experienced (ch. 11)?

8. What trials does Mtsyri meet on the way to the desired homeland? Why, tormented by thirst, did he hide and give himself away when he met a beautiful Georgian woman in the mountains? Was it easy for him to do so (ch. 12, 13)?

9. What efforts did it take for Mtsyra not to enter the hut? What was stronger for him than hunger and thirst (ch. 14)?

10. How do we see Mtsyri in moments of mortal danger - in a fight with a leopard? What is the significance of this episode for understanding the main idea of ​​the poem (that is, its idea)?

11. How does Mtsyri perceive nature when he realized that, having lost his way, he returned to those places from which he fled? What new pictures, images, intonations appear in his story (ch. 22)?

12. Mtsyri is dying, but is his mighty spirit broken? What is the mood of the last chapter of the poem? What thoughts and feelings does it awaken in you, modern readers?

13. Belinsky said that Mtsyri is Lermontov's favorite ideal1, that "this is the reflection in poetry of the shadow of his own personality." Why did the critic compare Lermontov with the hero of his poem?

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3 “What a fiery soul, what a mighty spirit, what a gigantic nature this Mtsyri has! This is the favorite ideal of our poet, this is the reflection in poetry of the shadow of his own personality. In everything that Mtsyri says, it breathes with his own spirit, strikes him with his own power. V. Belinsky.

History of the creation of the poem Lermontov was exiled to the Caucasus. He served, as befits a Russian officer, with honor and courage. But the violence of this service, a keen sense of lack of freedom tormented the poet. This is how the first lines of the poem appeared, the hero of which experiences the same feelings. The idea of ​​a poem about a monk striving for freedom, Lermontov hatched for ten years. In the poem Mtsyri Lermontov included lines from his early poems. Lermontov passionately protested against all types of slavery, fought for the right of people to earthly human happiness.

Exiled in the spring of 1837 to the Caucasus, he passed along the Georgian Military Highway. Near the Mtskheta station, near Tiflis, there was once a monastery. Here the poet met a decrepit old man wandering among the ruins and gravestones. It was a highlander monk. The old man told Lermontov how, as a child, he was taken prisoner by the Russians and given up for education in a monastery. He recalled how he missed his homeland then, how he dreamed of returning home. But gradually he got used to his prison, was drawn into the monotonous monastic life and became a monk. The story of the old man, who in his youth was a novice in the monastery, or Mtsyri in Georgian, answered with Lermontov's own thoughts, which he had nurtured for many, many years.

7 Lermontov put his feelings and thoughts into the mouth of Mtsyra. Like Mtsyri, the exiled poet rushed home, like him he dreamed of freedom. At one time, on the way to exile, Lermontov made a stop in the ancient Georgian capital of Mtskheta. The monk showed him the graves of Georgian kings, including George XII, under whom Georgia was annexed to Russia. This impression in the poem turned into an old watchman sweeping dust from gravestones: Which the inscription speaks of the glory of the past and how, dejected by his crown, Such and such a king in such and such a year Handed over his people to Russia.

Mtsyri is a romantic hero, in which the author embodied his dreams of freedom, a rich active life, the struggle to achieve his ideals.

The fate of Mtsyra is orphanhood, the result of which is a feeling of homelessness, insecurity, abandonment, one's own inferiority and even doom. The motive of orphanhood is one of the most piercing motives of Lermontov's work, due to the objective circumstances of his own life.

What is the character of Mtsyra - a child?

Why does the hero hate the monastery?

Mtsyri is a powerful, fiery nature. The main thing in him is a passionate and fiery desire for happiness, which is impossible for him without freedom and homeland. He is irreconcilable to life in captivity, fearless, bold, courageous. Mtsyri is poetic, youthfully gentle, pure and purposeful.

Meeting with a Georgian girl

How does the hero appear in the scene of the fight with the leopard?