Anyone who happened to move from the Bolkhovsky district to Zhizdrinsky was probably struck by the sharp difference between the breed of people in the Oryol province and the Kaluga breed. The Oryol muzhik is small in stature, round-shouldered, gloomy, looks frowningly, lives in wretched aspen huts, goes to corvee, does not engage in trade, eats poorly, wears bast shoes; The Kaluga quitrent peasant lives in spacious pine huts, is tall, looks bold and cheerful, has a clean and white face, sells oil and tar, and wears boots on holidays. The Oryol village (we are talking about the eastern part of the Oryol province) is usually located among plowed fields, near a ravine, somehow turned into a dirty pond. Except for a few willows, always ready for service, and two or three skinny birches, you won’t see a tree for a mile around; The hut is molded to the hut, the roofs are thrown over with rotten straw ... The Kaluga village, on the contrary, is mostly surrounded by forest; the huts stand freer and straighter, covered with boards; the gates are tightly locked, the wattle fence in the backyard is not swept away and does not fall out, it does not invite any passing pig to visit ... And it is better for a hunter in the Kaluga province. In the Oryol province, the last forests and squares will disappear in five years, and there are no swamps at all; in Kaluga, on the contrary, the notches stretch for hundreds, swamps for tens of miles, and the noble bird of the black grouse has not yet died out, there is a good-natured great snipe, and the bustling partridge amuses and frightens the shooter and the dog with its impetuous rise.
As a hunter, while visiting the Zhizdrinsky district, I met in the field and made the acquaintance of one Kaluga small landowner, Polutykin, a passionate hunter and, therefore, an excellent person. True, there were some weaknesses behind him: for example, he wooed all the rich brides in the province and, having been refused by the hand and from the house, with a contrite heart he trusted his grief to all friends and acquaintances, and continued to send sour peaches as a gift to the parents of the brides. and other raw produce of his garden; he liked to repeat the same anecdote, which, despite Mr. Polutykin's respect for his merits, definitely never made anyone laugh; praised the works of Akim Nakhimov and the story Pinnu; stuttered; called his dog Astronomer; instead of but spoke alone and started French cuisine in his house, the secret of which, according to the concepts of his cook, consisted in a complete change in the natural taste of each dish: the meat of this artisan was reminiscent of fish, fish - mushrooms, pasta - gunpowder; but not a single carrot fell into the soup without taking the form of a rhombus or a trapezoid. But, with the exception of these few and insignificant shortcomings, Mr. Polutykin was, as has already been said, an excellent person.
On the very first day of my acquaintance with Mr. Polutykin, he invited me to spend the night at his place.
“It will be five versts to me,” he added, “it’s a long way to go on foot; Let's go to Khory first. (The reader will allow me not to convey his stutter.)
- And who is Khor?
- And my man ... He's not far from here.
We went to him. In the middle of the forest, on a cleared and developed clearing, the lonely estate of Khorya towered. It consisted of several pine log cabins connected by fences; in front of the main hut stretched a canopy supported by thin posts. We entered. We were met by a young guy, about twenty, tall and handsome.
- Oh, Fedya! Home Khor? Mr. Polutykin asked him.
“No, Khor has gone to the city,” answered the guy, smiling and showing a row of snow-white teeth. - Will you order to lay the cart?
- Yes, brother, a cart. Yes, bring us kvass.
We entered the hut. Not a single Suzdal painting covered clean log walls; in the corner, in front of a heavy image in a silver setting, a lamp was glowing; the lime table had recently been scraped and washed; between the logs and on the jambs of the windows did not wander frisky Prussians, did not hide thoughtful cockroaches. The young lad soon appeared with a large white mug filled with good kvass, a huge slice of wheat bread, and a dozen pickles in a wooden bowl. He put all these supplies on the table, leaned against the door and began to look at us with a smile. Before we had finished our snack, the cart was already rattling in front of the porch. We went out. A boy of about fifteen, curly-haired and red-cheeked, sat as a coachman and with difficulty kept a well-fed piebald stallion. Around the cart stood about six young giants, very similar to each other and to Fedya. "All the children of Khory!" Polutykin remarked. “All the Khorkas,” Fedya picked up, who followed us onto the porch, “and not all of them: Potap is in the forest, and Sidor left with old Khor for the city ... Look, Vasya,” he continued, turning to the coachman, “in spirit somchi: you are taking the gentleman. Only at the jolts, look, be quieter: you’ll ruin the cart, and you’ll disturb the master’s belly! The rest of the Ferrets chuckled at Fedya's antics. "Help the Astronomer!" Mr. Polutykin solemnly exclaimed. Fedya, not without pleasure, lifted the forced smiling dog into the air and laid it at the bottom of the cart. Vasya gave the reins to the horse. We rolled. “But this is my office,” Mr. Polutykin suddenly said to me, pointing to a small low house, “do you want to come in?” - "Excuse me." “It has now been abolished,” he remarked, getting down, “but everything is worth seeing.” The office consisted of two empty rooms. The watchman, a crooked old man, came running from the backyard. “Hello, Minyaich,” said Mr. Polutykin, “but where is the water?” The crooked old man disappeared and immediately returned with a bottle of water and two glasses. “Taste,” Polutykin told me, “I have good, spring water.” We drank a glass, and the old man bowed to us from the waist. “Well, now it seems we can go,” my new friend remarked. “In this office, I sold four acres of timber to the merchant Alliluyev at a bargain price.” We got into the cart and in half an hour we were already driving into the yard of the manor's house.
“Tell me, please,” I asked Polutykin at dinner, “why do Khor live separately from your other peasants?”
- And here's why: he's a smart guy. About twenty-five years ago his hut burned down; so he came to my late father and said: they say, let me, Nikolai Kuzmich, settle in your forest in a swamp. I will pay you a good quitrent. “But why would you settle in a swamp?” - “Yes, it is; only you, father, Nikolai Kuzmich, don’t please use me for any work, but lay a quitrent, which you yourself know. - "Fifty rubles a year!" - "Excuse me." - “Yes, I have no arrears, look!” - "It is known, without arrears ..." So he settled in the swamp. Since then, Horem and nicknamed him.
- Well, did you get rich? I asked.
- He got rich. Now he pays me a hundred rubles dues, and I’ll probably put some more on it too. I told him more than once: “Pay off, Khor, hey, pay off!..” And he, the beast, assures me that there is nothing; money, they say, no ... Yes, no matter how it is! ..
The next day, immediately after tea, we again went hunting. Passing through the village, Mr. Polutykin ordered the coachman to stop at a low hut and loudly exclaimed: "Kalinich!" - "Now, father, now," a voice from the yard rang out, "I'm tying up the bast shoes." We went walking; behind the village a man of about forty, tall, thin, with a small head bent back, caught up with us. It was Kalinich. His good-natured swarthy face, in some places marked with rowans, I liked at first sight. Kalinich (as I found out later) went hunting with the master every day, carried his bag, sometimes a gun, noticed where the bird perched, got water, gathered strawberries, set up huts, ran after the droshky; without him, Mr. Polutykin could not take a step. Kalinich was a man of the most cheerful, meekest disposition, sang incessantly in an undertone, looked carelessly in all directions, spoke a little through his nose, smiling, screwed up his light blue eyes, and often took his thin, wedge-shaped beard with his hand. He walked slowly, but with large steps, slightly propped up by a long and thin stick. During the day, he spoke to me more than once, served me without servility, but watched the master as if he were a child. When the unbearable midday heat forced us to seek refuge, he led us to his apiary, in the very depths of the forest. Kalinich opened for us a hut, hung with bunches of dry fragrant herbs, laid us down on fresh hay, and he himself put a kind of bag with a net on his head, took a knife, a pot and a firebrand and went to the apiary to cut out a honeycomb for us. We washed down the transparent warm honey with spring water and fell asleep to the monotonous buzz of bees and the chatty babble of leaves.
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The stories are combined into one cycle. The story is told in the first person.
Khor and Kalinich
Once, while hunting in the Kaluga region, I met with the local master Polutkin. He, like me, loved hunting. Polutkin made an offer to live in his estate. The road was long, so it was decided to call on one of the peasants of the landowner - Khoryu. He was not at home. Khor lived in a separate house with six sons and was distinguished by prosperity. In the morning we went hunting, taking with us the cheerful peasant Kalinych, without whom Polutkin could not imagine hunting. The next day I hunted alone. I went to live with Khory. Stayed there for three days, learned that Khor and Kalinich are good friends. I became very attached to them, but I had to leave.
Yermolai and the miller's wife
I went hunting with the neighbor's serf Yermolai. He was quite carefree, Yermolai had few duties. This hunter was married, but practically did not appear in his dilapidated hut. We hunted all day, in the evening we decided to stop for the night in a mill. During the night I woke up from a quiet conversation. Arina, who was a miller's wife, spoke with Yermolai. She told her story that she served with Count Zverkov. His wife, having learned about Arina's pregnancy from the footman Petrushka, exiled the girl to the village. The footman himself was sent to the soldiers. In the village, Arina married a miller, and her child died.
raspberry water
I again went hunting one of the August days. The heat made me thirsty, and I got to a spring called Raspberry Water. Not far from the key decided to lie down in the shade. Two old men were fishing near me. One of them was Stepushka. Nothing was known about his past. Stepushka hardly spoke to anyone. Mikhailo Savelyev was another fisherman. He was a freedman and served as a butler to a tradesman. I decided to talk to them. Savelyev talked about his former master, the Count. Suddenly we saw a peasant walking. He was returning from Moscow, where he asked his master to reduce the dues that his now deceased son paid for him. The bartender kicked him out. The traveler lamented that there was nothing more to take from him. After a while we went each in our own direction.
County doctor
Once returning home after a hunt, I felt sick. I made a stop at a hotel, from where I sent for a doctor. He told me his story. Once he was called to the sick daughter of a landowner outside the city. The doctor, having arrived at the place, saw a beautiful 20-year-old girl. The doctor was imbued with her situation and even experienced feelings. The doctor decided to stay until the patient got better. The family adopted him as their own. Gradually, the doctor realized that the girl could not cope with the disease. He spent the last three nights with her. The girl died. The doctor then married the daughter of a merchant with a good dowry.
My neighbor Radilov
Yermolai and I went hunting in the linden garden. As it turned out, its owner was the local landowner Radilov. When we met, he invited me to dine with him. The landowner lived with his mother and sister, his deceased wife. A week after dinner, the news reached me that Radilov had left with his sister-in-law, leaving his elderly mother behind.
Ovsyannikov Odnodvorets
I met Ovsyannikov on a visit to Radilov. Ovsyannikov was a member of the old generation with the manners of a prosperous merchant. Neighbors showed him respect. Ovsyannikov lived with his wife but no children. He was respected by his neighbors. When we met with him, we talked about hunting, about the new noble customs, about another neighbor, Stepan Komov. Then we were joined by the Oryol landowner Franz Lezhen, who came to visit Ovsyannikov.
Lgov
Once Yermolai and I went to the village of Lgov to hunt game. There were a large number of ducks on the large Lgovsky pond. We decided to take a boat in the village for greater convenience. On the way we met a young man, Vladimir. Along the way, I learned his story: the fellow traveler was a freedman, he communicated with us in very refined terms. In Lgov we took a boat, though an old one, we had to close the cracks with tow. Hunted for glory, the boat was full of ducks. But as it turned out, the boat gave a leak. And suddenly went to the bottom. We were able to get out of the overgrown pond with him only in the late afternoon.
Bezhin meadow
On a hunt in the Tula province, I got a little lost. Following the stars, I went out to a wide meadow called Bezhin. Bonfires burned on it, there were children, they grazed horses in the night. I lay down from exhaustion and began to listen to their conversation. One of them told about the brownie at the factory, where the boy had to spend the night. Another admitted that he saw a mermaid in the trees in the forest. A sound was suddenly heard from the direction of the thicket. A pack of dogs ran there, followed by one of the boys. When he returned, he said that there were wolves nearby. The conversations stopped only in the morning.
Kasyan with beautiful swords
The coachman drove me home on one of the hot summer days. Ahead, the coachman saw a funeral procession, we hurried to overtake the wagon train in order to avoid signs. But the cart broke down, and the procession reached us. Having reached the settlement, we changed the axle of the cart. The local old man Kasyan agreed to accompany me to the hunting place. The old man was considered by many to be a holy fool, he was sometimes engaged in herbal treatment. The hunt was not successful, we returned to the village and immediately went home with the coachman Yerofey.
Burmister
Almost next door to my estate is the house of Arkady Pavlovich Penochkin, a young landowner and retired military man. He is distinguished by special education among the local nobles. I don’t visit him often, because I don’t feel comfortable in his house. Once Penochkin, having learned that I was going to Ryabovo, decided to go with me. His goal was the village of Shipilovka, where the mayor Sofron, praised by him, lived. When meeting with him, the steward complained to Penochkin about the lack of land, about the increase in arrears. When I had already left them for hunting in Ryabov, I learned from a peasant friend that Shipilovka only on paper belonged to Penochkin, and everything was run by the steward.
Office
During my hunt, it started to rain. And I had to stop in the nearest village. In the largest house was the headman's office. The head clerk's name was Nikolai Eremeitch. Orders and orders for the steward and the headman passed through the office, but all the papers were signed by the owner of the village, Losnyakova. After a short sleep, I witnessed a quarrel between Nikolai Yeremeich and the paramedic Pavel. He accused the clerk of various obstacles to his marriage with his bride Tatyana. Later I learned that Losnyakova had sent Tatyana into exile, but kept the clerk and the paramedic.
Biryuk
In the evening I returned from another hunt. From bad weather, I took refuge under a wide bush. On the road I noticed a local forester who took me to his house. There I saw a 12-year-old girl and a baby in a cradle. The hut was very poor. The people called the forester the biryuk. He had a broad figure and an unshakable face. It turned out that his wife ran away with another, leaving her small children behind. When the rain stopped, we went outside. Suddenly, the sound of an ax was heard in the forest, the forester ran towards it. Biryuk grabbed the wet peasant. I was ready to pay to have the biryuk let him go. And suddenly this stern man took pity and freed the frightened peasant.
Two landowners
I want to introduce you to two landowners with whom I happened to hunt. The first, retired Major Vyacheslav Khvalynsky. Kind but bad owner. Lives alone and tries not to remember the past. The other, Mardariy Stegunov, on the contrary, has a cheerful disposition, although he also lives a bachelor life. When I visited them, I realized how different people can be.
Death
With Ardalion Mikhailovich, my neighbor, we went hunting. He agreed on the condition that we call at his Chaplygino estate. There was an oak forest felling, on the site of which we soon found ourselves. There, quite unexpectedly, a fallen tree crushed Maxim, who served as a contractor, to death. Death renewed my memories and caused unpleasant feelings.
I have a neighbor, a young master and a young hunter. One beautiful July morning, I rode up to him with a proposal to go together on black grouse. He agreed. “Only,” he says, “let's go on my little things, to Zusha; By the way, I'll take a look at Chaplygino; you know my oak forest? I have it cut down." - "Let's go." He ordered the horse to be saddled, put on a green frock coat with bronze buttons depicting boars' heads, a game bag embroidered with garus, a silver flask, threw a brand new French gun over his shoulder, turned around in front of the mirror not without pleasure and called his dog Esperance, presented to him by his cousin, an old maid with excellent heart but no hair. We went. My neighbor took with him the tenth Arkhip, a fat and squat peasant with a square face and antediluvianly developed cheekbones, and a recently hired steward from the Baltic provinces, a youth of about nineteen, thin, blond, blind-sighted, with drooping shoulders and a long neck, Mr. Gottlieb von der Koka. My neighbor has recently taken over the estate himself. He inherited it from his aunt, state councilor Karda-Katayeva, an unusually fat woman who, even lying in bed, groaned for a long time. We entered the "little things". “Wait for me here in the clearing,” said Ardalion Mikhailych (my neighbor), turning to his companions. The German bowed, got off his horse, took out a book from his pocket, I think it was a novel by Johanna Schopenhauer, and sat down under a bush; Arkhip remained in the sun and did not move for an hour. We circled the bushes and did not find a single brood. Ardalion Mikhailovich announced that he intended to go to the forest. On that day, I myself could not believe in the success of the hunt: I also trudged along after him. We returned to the meadow. The German noticed the page, got up, put the book in his pocket, and sat down, not without difficulty, on his short, defective mare, who squealed and bucked at the slightest touch; Arkhip started up, twitched both reins at once, dangled his legs, and finally moved his stunned and crushed horse from its place. We went.
The forest of Ardalion Mikhailovich was familiar to me from childhood. Together with my French tutor, Mr. Désiré Fleury, a kindest man (who, incidentally, almost ruined my health forever by forcing me to drink Leroy's medicine in the evenings), I often went to Chaplygino. This entire forest consisted of some two or three hundred huge oaks and ash trees. Their stately, mighty trunks splendidly blackened against the golden-transparent green of hazels and mountain ash; rising higher, they were drawn harmoniously on the clear azure, and there they already spread their wide knotted branches like a tent; hawks, red-footed falcons, kestrels whistled over the motionless tops, motley woodpeckers thumped hard on the thick bark; the sonorous melody of the blackbird suddenly resounded through the dense foliage following the iridescent cry of the oriole; below, in the bushes, robins, siskins, and warblers chirped and sang; finches ran nimbly along the paths; the hare crept along the edge of the forest, cautiously "crutching"; a red-brown squirrel jumped briskly from tree to tree and suddenly sat down, raising its tail above its head. In the grass, near tall anthills, under the light shade of carved beautiful fern leaves, violets and lilies of the valley bloomed; on the lawns, among the broad bushes, there were red strawberries... And what a shade there was in the forest! In the very heat, at noon, the night is real: silence, smell, freshness ... I spent my time in Chaplygin merrily, and therefore, I confess, I now drove into the forest that was too familiar to me, not without a sad feeling.
- These are short stories about which the author tells us. Turgenev included twenty-five stories in his "Notes of a Hunter" and their summary will introduce you to these works of the author, helping to answer the questions asked by the school curriculum.
Turgenev Notes of a hunter polecat and Kalinich
So, Turgenev's first story from the Hunter's Notes is Khor and Kalinich. Here the protagonist was hunting in the Zhizdrinsky district, where he met with the local landowner Polutykin. This landowner was a good hunter and a hospitable host. Having met the author, he invited him to his home, and on the way to the landowner, the men stopped in Turgenev’s “Notes of a Hunter” to Khory, and after Turgenev in “Notes of a Hunter” introduces us to Kalinich. These are two men who served with Polutykin.
Khor lived in the forest in his hut, where he settled immediately after the fire. Many years have passed since then, Khor had already become rich, but he did not want to pay off the owner, because he believed that this was a waste of money. Then the men come to the estate, where they spend the night. The next day they go hunting, taking with them Kalinich, without whom the landowner never hunted. So the author gets to know two completely different people who had different characters. Khor was a rationalist, Kalinich was a romantic dreamer. But at the same time, they were good friends. During the three days that he lived with Khory, the author became attached to the peasants, but he had to go.
Notes of the hunter Yermolai and the miller
Now our hero has decided to go hunting with the serf Yermolai. Yermolai was a landowner's serf who was a neighbor of our hunter. Yermolai himself was carefree, had a wife who lived in hardships while he wandered somewhere. At home, Yermolai was a tyrant, but on the side he became the well-known Yermolka. Our heroes decided to hunt in a birch grove. They spent the whole day hunting, and in the evening they did not return home, but decided to spend the night at the mill. There the hunter got into a conversation with the miller's wife Arina, who had a difficult fate. Here we learn that Arina served with Count Zverkov, where it was a rule for all maids to be unmarried. But, one day, Arina turned to the owner with a request to allow the wedding. As it turned out, she suffered from the footman. The owners sent her to the village, and the lackey was given to the soldiers. Arina had to marry an unloved miller, and she lost her child.
raspberry water
And again our hero is on the hunt. It was a hot summer day, so our hunter went down to the source, which was called "Raspberry Water" to drink water, and decided to rest here. The hunter lay down and noticed two fishermen: Stepushka, whose past is unknown to anyone, and Mikhail Savelyev, who was a freedman. The hunter was talking to the fishermen and then they heard a rustle. Turning around, they saw a peasant coming from Moscow. After talking with him, they learn that he went to the master to reduce the dues, because after the death of his son, it will be difficult for him to pay him, but the master did not care. Soon the satellites went each in his own direction.
County doctor
It takes place in autumn. Returning from hunting, our hunter fell ill. At the hotel, he called the county doctor, who told our hero his story. Once a doctor came to the patient. It was a young girl. She was beautiful and liked the doctor. Every day the doctor spent with the patient, giving medicine from his own hands. But the patient did not get better. He perfectly understood that the disease takes the girl's life, and the patient herself understood everything perfectly. Once the patient confessed her love to the doctor and kissed him. The doctor could not resist the spell of the patient. Three days later, the girl dies. The doctor himself, after a while, married the embittered daughter of a merchant with a rich dowry.
Ovsyanikov Odnodvorets
Ovyannikov's single palace is a man who looked like a rich merchant. He was married, but lived without children. Radilov introduced our hunter to him. Our hero went to Ovsyannikov, where our heroes started talking in Turgenev's "Notes of a Hunter". We talked about past and present times. At the same time, Ovsyannikov did not praise the past. In the conversation, Ovsyannikov remembered the grandfather of our hero, spoke about his neighbor Komov. Ovsyannikov also told about Moscow life, where he saw many nobles. Then we talked about hunting, later Mitka, Ovsyannikov's nephew, and Lezhen, a landowner from Orlov, joined the men.
Lgov
The Story of the Lgov” tells us about how the author and Yermolai went on another hunt to one of the villages called Lgov. It is there that the lake is located, where the ducks were found. In Lgov, they met the former serf Vladimir, who received his freedom and now behaves like a man of refined manners. They also meet Bitch, who has not been to anyone in his life. He was a cook, and an actor, and a coachman. Now he is a fisherman. So they all went on a boat to hunt ducks. The hunt was a success, except that there was a boat with a hole. As a result, all the ducks went to the bottom, but the unlucky hunters had to ford to get to the shore.
Turgenev Hunter's Notes Bezhin Meadow
Here the author went hunting, but got lost. It was dark, so we had to navigate by the stars. Further, Turgenev tells about the meadow, which was called Bezhin. There he met peasant children who grazed and guarded a herd of horses. The hunter asked to spend the night at their fire and, pretending to be asleep, heard a variety of terrible stories. The boys talked about the brownie that lives in the factory, and about the mermaid that lives in the trees, and about how the neighbor went to the cemetery at night, and about the drowned man who was buried near the dam and other stories. The stories continued until dawn. Early in the morning, our hero said goodbye to the guys and hit the road.
Kasian with Beautiful Swords
Here the author was returning from a hunt in a cart and suddenly the coachman became nervous. As it turned out, a funeral wagon could cross the hunter's path, which was a bad omen. So they decided to drive the horses harder, but then the axle broke and they had to go to Yudin's settlements, where they repaired the cart. It was there that Kasyan met, a small dwarf of strange appearance, whom Turgenev asked to keep company, showing the way to the cut, where one could hunt black grouse. Kasyan agreed, on the spot he already said that the game must not be killed, it is a sin. As a result, they did not meet anyone, to which Kasyan claimed that it was he who took all the birds. While hunting, they met a girl, Alyonushka, who was an orphan. Kasyan called her a relative and doted on her soul. Upon returning to the village, the author drove home with the coachman.
Burmister
Once our hunter was going to Ryabogo, and Penochkin asked to join us in order to get to Shepilovka. The steward Sofron lived there, whom Penochkin could not praise enough. He said that under Sofron, the peasants did not have arrears. On this day, the author did not go hunting. Together with Penochkin they were invited to the steward. They all had dinner and went to bed. On the second day, Penochkin showed his possessions. Sofron accompanied them. All the way he cried that there was not enough land. Then they were approached, who began to complain about the steward. Penochkin was offended by the steward and did not talk to him further.
Office
One day, while hunting, the author was caught in the rain, so he had to go to the nearest village to wait there. Instead of the headman's dwelling, the hunter ended up in an office where he was sheltered by a fat man. He also told the author that Lisnyakova dominates everything here, and the fat man himself was the head of the office. Although the estate had a steward with a headman, everything was run by the lady, who signed all the orders personally.
After drinking tea, the author fell asleep, but two hours later he was awakened by conversations. The clerk and the merchant were talking in the office. As our hero understood, before getting to the mistress and making a deal with her, the merchants had to pay a bribe to the clerk.
Further, a scandal broke out in the office, the paramedic Pavel scandalized with the clerk. The whole conversation was about Tatyana, whom the clerk had slandered. Because of him, the girl was transferred to the dishwasher, forbidding her to marry. As a result, the lady leaves the paramedic and the clerk at home, but Tatyana had to be exiled.
Notes of a biryuk hunter
And again, another hunt, and this time the author was again caught in the rain. I had to hide under a bush. And then he noticed a local forester who was passing by. He invited the hunter to his hut. There was poverty in the hut, there was a girl rocking a cradle with a child. As the forester, whom the locals called the biryuk, later said, his wife left him, ran away, left the children. The author heard about the forester, about his strength and how everyone was afraid of him. It was impossible to bribe him, and it was also impossible to carry out even a small bundle of firewood.
Then the rain stopped and the men went outside. There Biryuk heard the sound of an axe. He ran towards the sound and saw a felled tree. And next to him stood a poor peasant. The forester grabbed him and tied him up. The hunter said that he would pay for the felled tree, if only he would let the peasant go, but the biryuk did not agree. They came back to the hut and there the forester untied the prisoner's hands and told him to get out on all four sides. And yet the hunter understood, Biryuk is a nice fellow.
Lebedyan
Lebedyan is a small village where fairs were constantly organized. Our hunter went there to buy horses for the carriage. Everyone there told how many gentlemen and princes came to the fair.
The hunter found two horses, but could not pick up the third one. He went to a coffee shop to have a snack and there he noticed the prince, who was playing billiards with the lieutenant. The rich liked the lieutenant himself, which was what the lieutenant used, replacing one patron with another.
On the second day, the hunter went up to the horse-dealer to buy a third horse, but the prince rode up to him, to whom the horse-dealer turned all his attention. The hunter went to some house, where they also sold horses. There the hunter bought a horse, inexpensive. But the horse, as it turned out later, was lame and driven. Nobody took the horse back, nobody returned the money. For our hunter it was a lesson.
singers
This time we get to Kolotovka - the village where the tavern "Pritynny" was located. Everyone visited the tavern with pleasure, since Nikolai Ivanovich worked there, who could interest and attract visitors. He was a good man, respected by his neighbors. He had a wife and children. Our hero went into the tavern, as he was overcome by thirst. I got into a tavern, just at the time when the local competition was organized in the institution. Yashka competed, who worked as a scooper at a paper mill, Morgach, who had previously been a coachman, then a clerk, then got free and became a rich man. Stupid also took part. This is a local bachelor, without whom not a single drinking party could do.
And so the singing competition began. Everyone sang in order, only the hunter did not sit down to the end. He left earlier. I found a place in the hayloft and fell asleep. In the evening in the tavern they were already celebrating the victory. Yashka is the winner.
Petr Petrovich Karataev
One day the hunter had to sit up at the post office, as there were no horses on which to leave. There he met Pyotr Petrovich Karataev, a landowner who had gone bankrupt and who was heading to Moscow to work.
But recently Karataev lived in his village. Once he met Matryona, whom he fell in love with. He wanted to ransom her and marry her, but her mistress, despite the fact that Karataev offered to buy her at any price, did not agree, and then completely sent her away.
However, Karataev did not stop, he found Matryona, stole it and brought it to his home. They lived there until at one time her former mistress saw Matryona with Karataev. Karataev started having problems. Seeing this, Matrena returned to Kukuevka, and the hunter did not find out what happened next with her. Karataev himself, a year after the meeting, met again with our author. He met him in Moscow in a coffee shop. His village was auctioned off, he himself rolled down, began to drink, walked around shabby. Our hunter never saw Karataev again.
Date
One fine September day, our hunter went out into the grove, where he fell asleep. When I woke up, I saw a girl about twenty years old nearby. She sat with a bouquet of cornflowers, and a tear rolled down her cheek. Suddenly steps were heard and the rich master's valet came out to the girl. He came to say goodbye to the girl forever, as he was leaving with the owner for Petersburg, he could not take her, besides, she was not a couple for him, since she was uneducated. The girl was afraid that they would give her unloved. I wanted to hear at least goodbye pleasant words from my dear, but I didn’t hear it. He turned around and just left. She was left to sob. Our author could not restrain himself, approached the girl, and she, frightened, ran away. The hunter picked up the flowers that he still has, and the image of Akulina, that very girl, is still stored in his memory.
living relics
Once the hunter and Yermolai went hunting and were caught in the rain again. Yermolai offered to go to the farm that belonged to the mother of our hero. Arriving there, they saw an old wing, where the author spent the night. The next day, wandering along the path, the author looked into the shed, where he saw a strange, as it seemed to him, creature. And it also called out to him. Coming closer, he saw a girl who no longer looked like a girl, skin and bones. All dried up. As it turned out, this is a former beauty, for whom our hero once sighed. She was in love and engaged to Polyakkov. But one day, the girl fell off the porch and after that she began to wither. No doctor could help her. And so she lay. In the summer in the barn, and in the winter - in the dressing room. The bridegroom abandoned her and married another. The girl lived, enduring daily pain. Waiting for her death. She even had a dream, where death named the day of death, and this would happen after petrovki. She rarely slept because of the pain. The hostess brought her medicine, but it ended. Our hunter realized that it was opium and promised to get it. She refused to go to the hospital. In the village, the girl was called "Living Relics", and no one ever felt anxiety from her. A few weeks later, the girl died, as she said, death came after petrovki.
So we examined Turgenev's stories from the Hunter's Notes in a brief summary, we hope this will help you in writing essays on the school curriculum.
Turgenev, Summary of the Hunter's Notes
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Let's consider in the article the most popular stories, which are often called essays, and which most clearly characterize the entire cycle of "Hunter's Notes".
Comparing the two provinces, Kaluga and Oryol, the author comes to the conclusion that they differ not only in the beauty of nature and the variety of animals that can be hunted, but also in people, their appearance, character, and thoughts. Acquaintance with the landowner Polutykin, who invited the hunter to stay in his possessions for joint hunting, led the author to the house of the peasant Khor. It is there that a meeting takes place with two such different people as Khor and Kalinich.
Khor is a prosperous, stern, round-shouldered man. He lives in a strong aspen house in the swamps. Many years ago, his father's house burned down and he begged the landlord for the opportunity to live further away, in the swamps. At the same time, they agreed to pay dues. Since then, the large and strong Khory family has been living there.
Kalinich is a cheerful, tall, smiling, light-tempered, unambitious person. Trades on weekends and holidays. Without him, a little strange, but a passionate hunter, the landowner Polutykin never went hunting. Throughout his life, Kalinich never built a home for himself, did not start a family.
Being so different, Khor and Kalinich are bosom friends. The author with amazing accuracy, to the smallest detail, draws all the features of their characters. They enjoy spending time together. During the three days spent at Khory's, the hunter managed to get used to them and left them reluctantly.
One day, the author went hunting with Yermolai, a neighbor's serf who constantly got into trouble, although he got out of them safe and sound, and was not fit for any work. Since the main duty of the peasant was the delivery of game to the landowner's table, he knew the surroundings very well.
After spending the day in a birch grove, the heroes decided to spend the night at the mill. The hosts allowed to sit in the hayloft, under a canopy on the street. In the middle of the night, the author woke up from a quiet whisper. Listening, I realized that the miller's wife Arina was telling Yermolai about her life. She was a maid with Countess Zverkova, who was distinguished by a cruel character and a special requirement that her maids be unmarried. After serving 10 years, Arina began to ask to be let go to marry Peter, a lackey. The girl was refused. And after a while it turned out that Arina was pregnant. For which the girl was cut, exiled to the village and passed off as a miller. Her child died. Peter was sent to the army.
On a beautiful August day, hunting took place near the Ista River. The tired and exhausted hunter decided to rest in the shade of the trees not far from the spring with the beautiful name Raspberry Water. The story is about the fate of three men.
Stepushka, a man who appeared out of nowhere, whom no one asked about anything, and he himself prefers to remain silent. He lived with Mitrofan, a gardener, helping him with the housework, receiving only food in return.
Mikhailo Savelievich, nicknamed the Fog, was a freedman and for a long time served as a butler to a ruined count in an inn; vividly and colorfully described the Fog feasts that the count threw.
The peasant Vlas, who appeared in the midst of the conversation, said that he had gone to Moscow to the master, asking him to reduce the amount of dues; earlier, the quitrent was paid by the son of Vlas, who had recently died, at which the master became angry and drove the poor fellow out.
And what to do now, the peasant did not know, because there was nothing to take from him. After a pause for half an hour, the companions parted ways.
The story was compiled from the words of a county doctor, who told how many years ago he was called to the patient, who lived in the family of a poor widow, far enough from the city. The doctor saw that despite her illness, the girl was very beautiful. At night he could not sleep and spent most of the time at the sick bed.
Having experienced a disposition towards the girl's family, whose members, although they were not rich, were well-read and educated, the doctor decided to stay. The patient's mother and sisters accepted this with gratitude, as they saw that Alexandra believed the doctor and carried out all his instructions. But every day the girl was getting worse, and the roads broken by bad weather did not receive medicines in a timely manner.
Before her death, Alexandra opened up to the doctor, confessed her love to him and announced her engagement to her mother. They spent the last three nights together, after which the girl died. Later, the doctor married the daughter of a wealthy merchant, but she turned out to be lazy and angry.
My neighbor Radilov
Once, while hunting in one of the neglected gardens of the Oryol province, the author and Yermolai met the landowner Radilov, who invited them to dinner. At the table were present: the mother of the landowner, a little sad old woman, Fyodor Mikheich, who was ruined, took root, and the sister of Radilov's late wife, Olga. During dinner, casual conversation was carried on, but it was noticeable that the landowner and his sister-in-law were watching each other.
Visiting Radilov a week later, the hunter learned that the landowner and Olga had left, leaving the old mother alone and sad.
Ovsyannikov Odnodvorets
The author met the elderly nobleman Ovsyannikov from the landowner Radilov. At 70, Ovsyannikov has earned a reputation as an intelligent, educated and worthy person. Conversations with him were profound. Especially to the liking of the author were the arguments of the one-palace regarding the comparison of modern mores and the foundations of Catherine's times. At the same time, the sides of the conversation never came to an unequivocal conclusion. Previously, there was more lack of rights of the weaker before the prosperous and strong, however, life was quieter and calmer.
Modern ideas of humanism and equality, promoted by "advanced people", such as Ovsyannikov's nephew Mitya, frighten and confuse the elderly nobleman, since there are a lot of empty talks, and no one takes concrete actions.
Once the author was offered duck hunting on the lake, near the large village of Lgov. Hunting on the overgrown lake was rich, but it became difficult to get prey. So it was decided to take a boat. During the hunt, the author meets two interesting people:
A freedman, named Vladimir, was distinguished by literacy, erudition, he had previously served as a valet and even studied music;
An elderly peasant, Suchok, who has changed many owners and jobs in his long life.
While working, Bitch's leaky boat begins to sink. Only in the evening, tired hunters manage to get out of the lake.
Bezhin meadow
While hunting black grouse in the Tula province, the author got a little lost. With the onset of night, he went out to the meadow, the people called Bezhin. Here the hunter meets a group of peasant boys who were tending horses. Having settled down by the fire, the children start talking about all the evil spirits that were found in the district.
Children's stories were about a brownie who allegedly settled in a local factory; the mysterious mermaid, who invited the carpenter Gavrila to her; about a talking white lamb living on the grave of a drowned man, who was seen by the kennel Yermila, and much more. Everyone tried to tell something unusual and mysterious. The conversation about evil spirits lasted almost until dawn.
Kasyan with beautiful swords
Returning from the hunt, the coachman and the author meet the funeral procession. Realizing that this was a bad sign, the coachman hurried to overtake the procession, however, the axle of the cart broke. In search of a new axis, the author goes to Yudina settlements, where he meets the dwarf Kasyan, a migrant from Krasivaya Mechi, who was considered by the people to be a holy fool, but often turned to him for herbal treatment. He lived with an adopted girl, Alyonushka, and loved nature.
The axis was replaced, the hunt continued, but to no avail. As Kasyan explained, it was he who led the animals away from the hunter.
Burmister
The next morning they decided together to go to Shipilovka, which was not far from Ryabovo, where the author was supposed to hunt. There the landowner proudly showed the estate, house and surroundings. Until the mayor Safron arrived, who began to complain about the increase in requisitions, a small amount of land.
Conclusion
The main idea of the entire collection of "Notes of a Hunter" is the desire to show the life of different strata of society, its culture, aspirations, morality, and high humanity. The stories give a complete picture of the life of the landlords and their peasants, which makes Turgenev's works not only literary, but also historical masterpieces.
