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“Only having mastered the primary material, that is, the native language, to the highest possible perfection, will we be able to master the foreign language to the highest possible perfection, but not before.”
F.M. Dostoevsky

The study of noun cases is one of the important topics of the Russian language. Knowing cases helps us to express thoughts correctly, to be confident in the performance of written work.

Thanks to the research work, we studied the history of the occurrence of cases, learned their meaning and difficulties, consolidated the skills to distinguish between nominative, accusative and genitive cases. Our research also allowed us to identify the most difficult cases.

According to a sociological survey, the most difficult case to identify among our classmates is the accusative case, followed by the nominative case. It should be noted that the nominative case itself presents no difficulties, but in the text it can be confused with the accusative case.

Why does a language need a case? If, for example, all case endings suddenly disappeared in Russian, we would not be able to understand a single sentence. For example, in a sentence The wolf scared Petya noun Petya is in the accusative, and the noun wolf - in the nominative case. And now let's try to put a noun in the same sentence Petya into the nominative form, and the noun wolf- in the form of the accusative case: the resulting sentence Peter scared the wolf describes a different situation, in a certain sense the opposite of the first. We can say that the case indicates the roles that Petya and the wolf play in the situation: if you change the cases, then the roles will change.

Thus, the study of cases is necessary for everyone who wants to master the Russian language perfectly.

Goals:

• to form the ability to recognize I.p. and V.p. nouns in a sentence;
• to develop the ability to determine the case of a noun by question and preposition, to analyze the sentence by members;
• cultivate attentiveness, independence, a sense of mutual assistance.

Equipment: computer, projector, board, textbook "Russian language" T.G. Ramzaeva, cards with tasks.

During the classes

I. Org. moment.

II. Checking the house. tasks.

2 slide

S. 80 ex. 150

– At home, you had to make sentences and determine the case of nouns.

- What should be done to determine the case?

(Reading sentences and identifying cases)

- Read the sentence that corresponds to the scheme proposed in the textbook.

III. Calligraphy.

3 slide

IV. Vocabulary and spelling minute.

4 slide

The words are printed on the slide against the background of the picture “In the field”. Find extra ones.

What letters are missing?

With the remaining words, make up phrases, putting them in different cases. Write in a notebook with comments, determine the case.

(For example: wheat bread (R.p.), watched the work (T.p.), etc.)

V. Work on a new theme.

5 slide

Reporting the topic of the lesson and setting goals.

– Today we will continue to learn how to determine the case of nouns.

Look, we have two cases visiting us. They are very similar to each other and we will learn to distinguish them. What do you think these cases are? (I. and V.) Formation of new knowledge.

- What is the similarity questions) and difference ( prepositions, part of a sentence) of these cases? 6 slide

– And what will the cases tell about themselves?

- I am the nominative case, 7 slide
And there are no other people's clothes on me.
Everyone can easily recognize me
And in the subject name.
I do not like prepositions since childhood
I can't stand being around me.
My questions are who? and what? -
Nobody messes with anything.

- And I'm accusative, 8 slide
And I blame the ignorant for everything.
But I love excellent students,
For them, "five" I catch.
Who to call, what to play
Ready for advice guys.
Do not mind making friends with suggestions,
But I can live without them.

- Read the sentences. 9 slide

- What a noun. met in all proposals?

What question does it answer? Is it possible to determine the case on it?

Conclusion: Inanimate nouns. and in I. and V. cases answer the same question - what?

Let's look for differences then.

Conclusion: If noun. is the subject, then it stands in I.p., if a minor member, then in V.p. (with or without preposition).

Analysis of proposals with comments.

What other noun. we have not determined the case? (grows where? in what? in the nursery - P.)

What is a nursery?

VI. Consolidation of knowledge.

10 slide

Complete the sentence with nouns, putting them in the correct case.

Sasha took ………. went out to ………. and cleared ……….. .

Check for missing letters on the slide.

What else did you find in this offer? (Sentence with homogeneous members. Explain the setting of the comma, union and).

Reference words: st..ca, d..ro..ka, l..pata.

VII. Summing up, conclusions on the table.

11 slide

How to distinguish them. case from Win.?

D / z p.81 exercise 153, learn the rule.

VIII. Task on cards (by options).

IX. Reflection.

Filling in the table.

A noun is a part of speech denoting any objectivity, i.e. The noun answers the question "who" or "what". The noun changes in cases. In order not to confuse cases with each other, there is a strictly defined system of differences between them. This article will help in the future to easily distinguish the genitive from the accusative.

You will need

• Nouns in the genitive and accusative cases.
• Ability to identify cases.
• Knowledge of questions that determine cases.

Instruction

1. There are six cases of nouns in Russian: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental and prepositional. Such names are given to them not without reason. Let's look at each of them two cases: genitive and accusative.

2. Genitive caseAccording to the definitions in Russian, the genitive case means: Belonging to someone or something, say "a fox skin", "a teacher's journal"; If there is a relationship between the whole and its part, let's say "magazine page (R.p.)"; Displaying the sign of the subject in relation to another subject, say "results of the survey (R.p.)"; The object of influence in the presence of a verb with a negative particle “not”, say, “does not eat meat (R.p.)”; The object of influence in the presence of a verb denoting desire, intention or removal, say, “to want happiness (R.p.)”, “to avoid responsibility (R.p.)”; If there is a comparison of objects, say, "stronger than oak (R.p.)"; If the noun is the object of measurement, counting, or a genitive date, say "a spoonful of sour cream" or "Day of the Paris Commune."

3. Accusative caseAccording to definitions in the Russian language, the accusative case means: The transition of the action to the subject entirely, say “flip through a magazine”, “drive a car”; Transfer of spatial and temporal relations "walk a mile", "rest a month"; In rare cases, it is formed as a connection from an adverb, say, "insulting for a friend."

4. In order to never confuse the cases of a noun, it is significant to remember that all cases in the Russian language correspond to a multifunctional question, asking the one that is given to a given noun, as a result we get the corresponding case. The genitive case corresponds to the question “no one?” for the animate and “there is nothing?” for inanimate nouns. The accusative case corresponds to the question “I see whom?” for the animate and “I see what?” for inanimate nouns. It is very difficult to determine the cases of nouns by their definitions or endings. It is possible that remembering all the definitions of the genitive and accusative cases is quite difficult. And the endings of nouns quite often coincide. Let's give an example using an animate plural noun: Nearby I noticed people (I see who? - V.p.) There were no people around (there was no one? - R.p.) in both cases, the word is identical. But, in order to finally make sure that the definition of the case is correct, mentally substitute an inanimate noun instead of an animate noun. Let's say: Nearby I noticed a pillar (I see who? - V.p.) There were no pillars around (there was no one? - R.p.) The example shows: an inanimate noun in the accusative case does not change in contrast to the same noun, which has Genitive.

5. From here it is allowed to make the following conclusions: 1. In order to distinguish the genitive from the accusative, ask the noun a defining question.2. If you find it difficult to determine the case of an animate noun, because the question "who?" applies to both cases, then substitute an inanimate noun for this noun and ask it a qualifying question. For the genitive, it will be “there is nothing?”, And for the accusative, “I see what?”. If the word looks like it's in the nominative case, then your noun's case is accusative.

In most cases, distinguishing between the genitive and accusative forms is not difficult: you just need to pay attention to the case endings. If the endings of both forms coincide, it is necessary to do according to the further algorithm.

Instruction

1. If you have an inanimate noun in front of you, then you should ask a question for this word. Nouns in the genitive case answer the question "what?" and harmonize with the word "no". Nouns in the accusative case answer the question "what?" and harmonize with the word "see". Let's say: I put on (what?) A coat - the accusative case, I go without (what?) A coat - the genitive case.

2. If you have before you an animated masculine noun of the II declension, then you should replace it with any word of the I declension and look at its ending. Let's say: shot a boar = shot a fox (ending -y - accusative case), scared of a boar = scared of a fox (ending -ы - genitive case).

3. If you have an animate plural noun in front of you, then it should be replaced with an inanimate noun in the same form. Let's say: I love people, I love (what?) Letters - the accusative case. I love the sincerity of people, I love the sincerity (what?) of letters - the genitive case.

Useful advice
In Russian, there are indeclinable nouns, say, “coat”, “coffee”, when in any case the word looks identical. In this case, the case can be determined only on the key issue.

What case is needed for negation?

A noun referring to a negative verb can be either genitive or accusative, for example: did not read this article did not read this article. The difficulty lies in the fact that in some cases one or another case is preferred, while in others there is an equal possibility of using both the genitive and accusative cases.

When is parenting needed?

When combined with a verb not have: not It has rights, values, meaning, intentions, concepts, influence; not It has at home, of money, cars, brother, friend, information.

In the presence of words no, nobody's neither one : did not take any responsibility, did not lose a single gram, did not read a single article.

With verbs of perception, thought: did not understand the question, did not know the lesson, did not feel pain, did not notice the mistake, did not see the road sign.

If the noun has an abstract meaning: does not waste time, does not feel desire, does not hide joy.

If a pronoun is used as a dependent word: I will not allow it; don't do that.

If there are amplifying particles before the verb or immediately before the name and, even : Departed per shopping threesome, but Lube and the words to tell not succeeded, old men themselves all chose(Ketl.); Arms tremble and not are holding even bowls With medicine - not keep them and books(Sart.); On the sidewalks closely, but nobody you not will push, nobody neither With by whom not quarrel, not hear even loud the words(gas.)

If there is a repeating unionno no: does not read books or newspapers.

notplays roles, not produces impression, not draws attention, not paying attentionnot brings damage, not attaches values, no doubt, does not participate etc. And also: not speaking (not saying) bad the words; not reduce eye With whom-what-l.; not find yourself places; whip butt not get over it.

When is the accusative case needed?

If negation not stands not with a verb, but with another word:I don’t really like poetry, I don’t always read books, I didn’t quite master the subject(cf .: I love poetry, but not very much; reads books, but not always; mastered the subject, but not completely).

If the verb, in addition to this noun, must have one more dependent noun or adjective: he doesn't find the book interesting; did not read the article in the evening; did not provide the region with electricity; Is you not think this practice useful?

If the noun refers to an infinitive separated from a negated verb by another infinitive: he doesn't want to start writing memoirs(cf. he doesn't want to write a memoir and memoirs).

If there are pronouns in the sentence that indicate the definiteness of the object: This song not strangle, not kill; he didn't solve the problem(cf.: he did not solve problems); Rostov, not wanting impose his acquaintance, not went in house(L. Tolst.).

If there is a subordinate clause after the noun with the word which the : He didn't read the book I gave him..

With an animate noun or with a proper name: So time my conduction I not I love Lesnaya street(Paust.); But Surovtsev already understood, what leave, not having seen Faith, not in forces(Chuck.).

If negation is part of the particle barely not, a little not, a little-a little not: Barely not dropped cup; a little not missed tram; a little It was not lost ticket.

In properly negative sentences likeno one show work; nowhere publish article.

In some stable combinations: Not fool to me head; Not rock teeth.

In other cases, nouns in the described constructions can usually be used in the form of both the genitive case and the accusative case.

What case was used earlier in these constructions - genitive or accusative?

Previously, the genitive case was almost always used with negative verbs. "Russian Grammar" writes: "The unified old norm of the obligatory genitive case with verbs with negation in the modern language is not maintained under the influence of colloquial speech: in many cases, the use of the accusative case is not only preferred, but is the only correct one."

The strict obligatory nature of the genitive case with a negative verb was questioned already in the 19th century. Objecting to criticism, A.S. Pushkin wrote: “The verse “I don’t want to quarrel for two centuries” seemed wrong to the critics. What does grammar say? That a real verb ruled by a negative particle no longer requires the accusative, but the genitive case. For example me not writing poems. But in my verse the verb quarrel not controlled by a particle not, and the verb want. Ergo rule does not fit here. Take, for example, the following sentence: I not I can let you start writing ... poetry, and certainly not poems. Is it possible that the electrical force of the negative particle must pass through all this chain of verbs and resonate in the noun? I don’t think” (from the article “Refutation of Critics”, 1830).

References:

Graudina L. K., Itskovich V. A., Katlinskaya L. P. Dictionary of grammatical variants of the Russian language. -3rd ed., ster. M., 2008.

Russian Grammar / Ed. N. Yu. Shvedova. M., 1980.

How to distinguish the accusative from the genitive.

Genitive.

According to the definitions, the genitive case means:

Belonging to someone or something, for example, "a fox skin", "teacher's journal";

If there is a relationship between the whole and its part, for example, “magazine page (R.p.)”;

Displaying an attribute of an object in relation to another object, for example, “survey results (R.p.)”;

The object of influence in the presence of a verb with a negative particle “not”, for example, “does not eat meat (R.p.)”;

The object of influence in the presence of a verb denoting desire, intention or removal, for example,

“to wish happiness (R.p.)”, “to avoid responsibility (R.p.)”;

If there is a comparison of objects, for example, “stronger than oak (R.p.)”;

If the noun is the object of measurement, counting, or genitive date, such as "spoon

sour cream" or "Day of the Paris Commune".

Accusative.

The accusative case means:

Transition of the action to the subject in full, for example, “flip through a magazine”, “drive a car”;

Transfer of spatial and temporal relations "walk a mile", "rest a month";

In rare cases, it is formed as a dependence on the adverb, for example, "it's a shame for a friend."

In order to never confuse the cases of a noun, it is important to remember that each case in Russian

corresponds to a universal question, asking which to this noun, as a result we get

corresponding case.

The genitive case corresponds to the question “no one?” for the animate and “there is nothing?” for

inanimate

nouns.

The accusative case corresponds to the question “I see whom?” for the animate and “I see what?” for

inanimate nouns.

It is extremely difficult to determine the cases of nouns by their definitions or endings.

Let's say

remembering all the definitions of the genitive and accusative cases is quite difficult. And the endings

nouns quite often coincide.

Here is an example using an animate plural noun:

Nearby I noticed people. (I see who? - V.p.)

There were no people around. (there was no one? - R.p.)

As you can see, in both cases the word declines the same way.

But, in order to finally make sure that the definition of the case is correct, substitute mentally

instead of an animate noun, an inanimate one.

For example:

Nearby I noticed a pole. (I see who? - V.p.)

There were no poles around. (there was no one? - R.p.)

The example shows that an inanimate noun in the accusative case does not change, unlike

the same noun that has the genitive case.

From this we can draw the following conclusions:

1. To distinguish the genitive from the accusative, ask the noun a qualifying question.

2. If it is difficult for you to determine the case of an animate noun, because the question "who?" refers to

both cases, then substitute an inanimate noun for this noun and ask it

defining question. For the genitive, it will be “there is nothing?”, And for the accusative, “I see what?”. If a

the word will look like in the nominative case, then the case of your noun is accusative.

Useful advice.

In Russian, there are indeclinable nouns, for example, “coat”, “coffee”, when in any

case the word looks the same. In this case, the case can only be determined by the key question.

The genitive case can also be determined using the test word "cat". Substituting in place

any noun the specified word, pay attention to the ending. Example: instead of a word

"teacher" in the phrase "pride for the teacher" substituting the test word, we get

the phrase "pride for the cat." The ending "and" indicates the genitive case, the ending "y" indicates

accusative.

Remember that the genitive case always indicates the ratio of the whole and the part (a glass of water),

comparison with something or someone (more beautiful than Vasilisa) and belonging (brother's motorcycle).

The accusative describes and denotes a temporal-spatial relationship (wait a minute), and

also indicates a transition from an action to an object (petting a cat).

Source

E. I. Litnevskaya. Russian language: a short theoretical course for schoolchildren.

Interesting article!!!

13 cases of the Russian language.

The genitive case answers the questions of whom? what?

and the accusative case answers the questions of whom? what?

Confusion arises, since animate nouns answer in both cases to the same question of whom?.

In order to correctly determine the case or the ending in the case, we learn to distinguish with the help of auxiliary words.

For genitive this is no one what? no son, no home, no family, no snow maiden,

for accusative this is I see who, what? I see a son, a house, a family, a snow maiden.

If you substitute these helper words when declining a word or determining a case, then everything will be easy and correct.

Hello. Please tell me how to write correctly!

In our case, the consumer is an inanimate noun.

Option 1: The transformer substation has consumers.

Option 2: The transformer substation has voltage consumers.

Option 3: The transformer substation has consumers.

Option 4: The transformer substation has voltage consumers.

Which of the options are correct?

Compare with the offer:

The hard drive has seals.

Everything seems to be clear here.

to come back to the beginning

Probably, here one must be able to distinguish between the action or the form of what is happening. For the most part, they confuse the question Whom? Quo;, which is in both the nominative and accusative cases.

So here is the genitive question Whom? different from the accusative Whom? an auxiliary word that is recommended to be remembered.

For the genitive there is the word no, and for the accusative there is the word what. When asking a question with an auxiliary word, we get a noun with a different ending. Example - no sister, hamster, rye - genitive. I see my sister, a hamster, rye - accusative.

Here is a table with auxiliary words for each case, which make it easier to determine the case.

To determine accusative or genitive, you first need to determine whether the given noun is animate. The fact is that animate nouns, both in the genitive and in the accusative case, answer the question whom? . If the noun is inanimate, it answers in the genitive case with what? , but in the accusative case with what? - a question that matches the interrogative word of the nominative case.

The noun needs to be checked - whether it is combined in the genitive case with the word noquot ;. For example, in the question Is there anything? quot ;. The accusative case is checked by compatibility with verbs in the form of the first person, singular, present tense, for example I know, I see. I see what? - chair or See who? - student. As we can see, the accusative and genitive forms of animate and masculine nouns of the second declension are the same.

Replace an animate masculine noun in the second declension with any word in the first declension. For example, No one? - student, I see who? - student. The first declension for the genitive case is yquot ;, and for the accusative yquot ;.

We replace the plural noun with an inanimate noun of the same form, after which we determine the case in the same way. For example - I know (whom?) People should be replaced with I know (what?) Namesquot ;. It turns out that names is a plural noun in the accusative case.

If we take an example with the genitive case - we replace I know the address (whom?) Of friends on I know the addresses (of what?) of firmsquot ;. Firm is in the genitive plural.

Try to determine the case of nouns that are not inflected (coffee, coat, etc.) using key questions. If it is difficult to determine by questions, use the option with a replacement for any noun (declension).

I used to get confused with this too. So, the genitive case answers the question of whom and what, and the accusative - who, what. The simplest thing that can be done in this case to distinguish the case is to substitute the word I see or not. If the word no is suitable, then the case is genitive, if I see it, it is accusative.

The problem with determining case arises only for animate nouns, because inanimate nouns answer different questions in the genitive and accusative cases and therefore have different endings. In the genitive case - this is the question of what? what about the accusative? Therefore, the easiest way to deal with animate nouns is to kill them, pardon the expression. It will look something like this: Brought home a rabbit, the question is Whom ?, an animated noun, therefore we kill it in this way: Brought home the carcass of a rabbit, the question turns out What ?, and therefore the case is accusative. Similarly with the option I don't have a rabbit. Again the question of Who? and incomprehensible case We kill, we get I don’t have a rabbit skin and the question turns out What ?, and therefore the genitive case. So we were taught at school, a little brutal, but easy to remember.

To distinguish the accusative case from the parent case, you need to ask the question:

For the accusative case - Who (or what) should be blamed for your troubles? answer: yourself, your laziness, TV.

For the genitive case, ask the question: Does the guilty person have no one? - a lawyer. Is the culprit missing something? - protection.

The genitive answers the questions: Whom? quot ;, What? quot ;, for example: The accusative answers the questions: Whom? , What? Example: I received (Who? What?) A brother, a mugquot ;.

Sometimes it's not easy distinguish genitive from accusative in a sentence. The fact is that for animate nouns, both of these cases answer the question whom?. You can replace an animate object with an inanimate one in such a sentence and see what question you can ask: if what?, then this is the genitive case, if what? accusative.

For example:

• I see an elephant (who?). Let's replace the word elephant on the table. I see a table (what?). So it's in the accusative case.
• There is not a single elephant (who?). By analogy, we get: There is not a single table (what?). This means that the genitive case is used in the above sentence.

• Case declensions belong to the section of the Russian language The genitive case answers the questions -NO- whom? what ?, and the accusative case - SEE - whom? what?. That is, when determining cases, it is enough to substitute the corresponding words and check whether the checked word corresponds to the corresponding case. Then you do not have to remember a bunch of all the rules.

  Schoolchildren usually confuse and poorly distinguish between accusative and genitive cases. I myself remembered that at school it was difficult until I was told an effective way, which is that you need to substitute the word see. I see (whom? what?) a window, a street, my mother, a magazine.

  And the genitive case has questions of whom? what? To determine the genitive case, you can also substitute the word No. There is no (whom? what?) window, street, magazine.