JSC "North-Western PGO" is the successor of the "Petersburg Complex Geological Expedition", whose history dates back to the first years of the development of the domestic geological industry.

Until the end of the 20s of the last century, all geological exploration work in the USSR was led by the Geological Committee (Geolkom), located in Leningrad, in the ZSEGEI building.

In Leningrad, various expeditions were organized and sent to all regions of the country: to the Pamirs, to the Kolyma, to the Kola Peninsula, to Taimyr, to Transbaikalia, etc. In the 1920s, these expeditions were; unique discoveries were made: in 1924, N. N. Urvantsev discovered a deposit of rich copper-nickel ores in Norilsk; in 1926, A. E. Fersman discovered a deposit of apatite-nepheline ores on the Kola Peninsula; Yu. A. Bilibin discovered unique deposits of alluvial gold in the basin of the river. Kolyma, etc.

It was very difficult to lead these expeditions from Leningrad, especially at that time, since information about their work was received once a year, or even less often. Then it became clear that it was necessary to create territorial subdivisions of Geolcom in various regions of the Soviet Union.

So, in 1929, the Leningrad (later the "North-Western Geological Administration") was created. The territory of its activity was more than 1.0 million km2 and covered the Murmansk, Arkhangelsk, Leningrad (which included the Novgorod, Pskov regions), the Vologda regions and the Karelian-Finnish Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. There were no stationary territorial expeditions in the structure of the Leningrad Geological Administration, although by the end of the 30s their need was already obvious, but at that time the Great Patriotic War began, and all exploration work was concentrated for the needs of the front. Deposits of strategic raw materials were intensively explored and put into operation, a large amount of hydrogeological, engineering-geological and geophysical work was carried out. To supply Leningrad with fuel, brown coal deposits were explored in the Borovichsko-Lyubitinsky district of the Novgorod region, etc.

After the Great Patriotic War, the volume of exploration began to increase rapidly due to the need to restore and develop the mineral resource base, as well as to search for and explore numerous deposits of building materials required to restore destroyed cities.

The issue of organizing territorial expeditions again became very acute, which was successfully resolved thanks to the organization in 1946 of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources Protection of the USSR and the fruitful, energetic work of its first Minister, I. I. Malyshev.

The Leningrad Expedition was one of the first in the system of the Northwestern State University. On the basis of the Order of the Minister of Geology and Protection of the Subsoil of the USSR I. I. Malyshev No. 545-3 dated 13 / X1 1949, the head of the Leningrad Geological Department A. I. Krivtsov on January 23, 1950 approved the regulation on the Leningrad Geological Party ( as an expedition). The head of the Leningrad party, his deputy and chief accountant were approved in Moscow in the "Glavzapadgeologiya" of the MG and ON of the USSR, which gave the party the status of an expedition.

The main State registration of the Leningrad expedition took place on June 5, 1950 (Registration sheet No. 331, volume 2, p. 121).

Under the name "Leningrad Complex Geological Expedition" (LKGE), it was legally registered in 1958 as part of the North-Western Territorial Geological Administration (NWTGU). In 1988, it was renamed the Leningrad Search and Survey Expedition (LPSE).

Since 1994, it has been called the St. Petersburg Integrated Geological Expedition (PKGE), which in 1998 was given the status of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise (FGUP "PKGE"),

In the first years of its activity, the expedition included permanent parties: Leningrad, Nevskaya (Vaskelovskaya), Slantsevskaya, Pskovskaya, Borovichskaya, Vytegorskaya and Vologda GRP, as well as a number of seasonal parties. Later, the expedition also organized the Paleophytological Laboratory (1962), the Mineralogical and Petrographic Cabinet (1963), the Geophysical Party (1965) and several auxiliary services, including large subdivisions - Drawing and a design bureau, a Taisky drilling site, repair shops, etc. From the beginning of its existence in the expedition until 1998, the Detachment for checking the applications of the discoverers also functioned. The structure of the expedition underwent repeated reorganizations. It had its maximum number (up to 1300 people) in 1968-1973, when it carried out geological surveys in the southeast of the Arkhangelsk region and in the border areas of the Tver region and Karelia. Since the beginning of the 90s, for well-known reasons, there has been a constant decrease in the number of employees and a reduction in the work front. But, despite all the difficulties of the post-perestroika period, which were by no means unfavorable for the development of domestic geology, the expedition management managed not only to save the enterprise, but also to bring it to a good level of long-term development.

Over the years of the expedition, a lot of multidirectional research has been carried out. As a result of geological exploration, such large deposits as Leningradslanets (oil shales), Kingiseppskoye (phosphorites), Pikalevskoye and Uglovskoye (limestones), Malinovetskoye and Mishinogorskoye (secondary kaolins), Vozrozhdeniye, Kamennogorskoye, Kuznechnoye (granites and granite-gneisses) and a number of refractory clay deposits in the Borovichi region. These discoveries made it possible to fully satisfy the need of the enterprises of the territory for common minerals, including for the production of new building materials: aggloporite, crushed stone, foam glass and expanded clay gravel.

In 1950-1970. the main attention was paid to the production of complex geological and hydrogeological mapping of the territory. At the same time, exploration work continued at previously discovered large mineral deposits.
In the 1990s, much attention began to be paid to environmental studies. Geoecological mapping of almost the entire territory of the expedition on a scale of 1:500,000-1:1,000,000 was carried out; complex hydrogeological and engineering-geological mapping of the area around St. Petersburg was completed on a scale of 1:50,000; hydrogeological maps of a new generation for individual areas.

Another direction of regional research was associated with the deployment of research in the North-West of Russia to identify the diamond content of the territory.

The enterprise has made a great contribution to replenishing the resource base of drinking water in the North-West region. In 2005, an assessment of groundwater for domestic and drinking water supply in the city of Pskov was successfully carried out. In 2007, the problem of utility and drinking water supply to the city of Veliky Novgorod at the expense of groundwater was solved.

On the basis of Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 15, 2011 N 957 "On the open joint-stock company" Rosgeologia "Petersburg Complex Geological Expedition" was included in the holding "Rosgeologiya".

In February 2016, JSC "Rosgeologia" decided to create on the basis of JSC "St. At the Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders (Minutes No. 1/2016 dated January 28, 2016), a new version of the Company's Charter was approved. Appropriate changes have been made to the information about the legal entity dated 24.02.2016 GRN 2167847479380.

At the moment, the enterprise has several batches and production divisions. The area of ​​professional activity of the SCGE is expanding.

The tasks facing the association are very extensive and interesting. First of all, this is a geological study and identification of the resource potential of promising territories in the northwest. Regional geological study of the subsoil and forecasting of minerals. Search, evaluation, exploration and development of deposits of solid minerals. Hydrogeological, engineering-geological and geoecological surveys, geophysical and geochemical works in the field of subsurface exploration, geological-economic and ecological-geological studies. Preparation of modern State geological and hydrogeological maps for the territory of the region. Search and evaluation of groundwater deposits and development of deposits. Search and exploration of cement and glass raw materials, common minerals. Provision of services to subsoil users.

In the lobby of the Angarsk exploration expedition there is a map of the Soviet Union, published in 1947, but the main city on it is not Moscow, but the small village of Motygino. From all over the USSR from Lvov to Stalinabad (modern Dushanbe), rays with the names of educational institutions stretch towards it, whose graduates came here, to the Krasnoyarsk Territory, to make their discovery of Siberia.

Strictly speaking, the first exploration work in the north of the modern Krasnoyarsk Territory began 180 years ago: the first “geologists” landed on the banks of the Angara - a search party of the merchant Ryazanov led by the gold miner Movsharov, who were brought here by the “gold rush”. It must be said that they were successful: the Petropavlovsky mine, announced on July 7, 1837, gave gold prospectors more than 600 pounds of precious metal. Later, manifestations of ore gold, bauxites, magnesites, mica, antimony were discovered ...

Even the Great Patriotic War did not stop exploration of the Angara subsoil. After the victory, the work of geologists acquired special significance: the country, which had defeated fascism at a high price, needed an intensive increase in the mineral resource base for the development of industry. And in 1946, Viktor Medvedkov, a geologist of the Krasnoyarsk Geological Administration, made a truly historic discovery: he determined the scale of the Nizhne-Angarsk iron ore deposit as one of the largest in Russia. This gave rise to an active and systematic geological study of the territory.

For the exploration of the deposit, it was decided to create a separate subdivision - the Nizhne-Angara geological exploration expedition, the founder of the modern Angarsk geological survey. Subsequently, the tasks of the expedition included state geological survey, search and exploration of a wide range of minerals - everything that the Siberian subsoil is rich in. The first specialists arrived literally from scratch (three ten-seat tents became the geologists' camp) with the task of building all the necessary infrastructure: a hostel, a bathhouse, a canteen, a bakery, roads, and bringing in all the necessary equipment, overalls and consumables. And by the spring of 1947, a whole village appeared near the field, called Usovo, and the first wells were drilled.

forties fatal

The first years of the life of the Angarsk exploration expedition can be called heroic: the country's leadership set large-scale tasks for geologists, but the possibilities for their implementation were limited: there were not enough specialists, not enough men - the war wiped out. Therefore, the bulk of the construction of the settlement of geologists fell on the shoulders of women.

“Spring of 1947. I was demobilized from the ranks of the Soviet Army and arrived in Usovo (Nizhne-Angarsk) as an inspector of the personnel department, - Nikolai Bezrukikh, one of the first members of the expedition, wrote in his memoirs. - As soon as the snow melted, I was sent to the construction of the road, giving a team (30 women), without releasing me from work in the personnel department. Women at that time worked everywhere, including drilling and mining ... "

The construction of the village and the roads were fully completed in four years. Veterans of the expedition recall that Usovo was not just a working settlement, but a real cultural center of the Lower Angara region. In the conditions of a shortage of specialists, highly educated political prisoners and exiled settlers were involved in the work. Among the 400 members of the expedition there were many "political". Architects, builders, artists, musicians worked side by side with geologists... Actually, then a special culture of relations between the expedition members was laid, where each person was worth their weight in gold and each worked with full dedication.

I worked on the expedition for twenty years, - says Konstantin Shumaev, the former first head of the Motyginsky district, - I started as a topographical technician, finished as the head of the topographic surveying service. This service, very difficult, was organized and handed over to me by the legendary T.G. Dyukarev, exiled to Norilsk in 1937 on slander. An experienced land surveyor, he worked in Norillag together with the famous explorer Nikolai Urvantsev, thanks to whose work the Norilsk industrial region was opened. Trofim Grigoryevich brought us up and taught us the profession, attitude to work, to people. I still remember how the “transfer of service” took place: I worked on the exploration of the Olimpiada deposit, Dyukarev called me on the radio, they say, take over the farm. And all the time I tried to meet the high standards that Dyukarev set for us.

Labor romance

The "golden age" of Soviet geology fell on the 50-60s: then the task was set to create a state geological map of the Soviet Union - the basis of targeted searches. It was at that time that most of the large deposits of the Yenisei Ridge were discovered. For the Angarsk exploration expedition, these years also became a period of prosperity: the best university graduates, the brightest engineering heads, who came up with new technologies and solutions on the go, were sent to Motygino. And the expedition itself became a forge of scientific personnel: the employees managed to engage not only in exploration, but also in serious research in the field of geology and related sciences, and defend candidate and doctoral dissertations.

Since childhood, I wanted to be a geologist, - says Sergey Dallakyan, who went from a drilling foreman to a work manager, - from the moment I saw the work of the reconnaissance party, their camp was not far from Yerevan. Of course, I still didn’t understand what a drilling rig was, but I got the impression for life. Therefore, after graduating from school, I chose Tomsk University, where geology is still one of the strongest in the country, settled in Motygino, and never regretted my choice. The tasks were big.

The volume of work carried out by the geologists of the Angarsk GRE was really impressive, the icons symbolizing various minerals and building materials appeared on the map of the Lower Angara region at an enormous speed.

Our engineering and technical service in the 70-80s. was very well organized: they drilled about 80 kilometers of wells a year, performed large volumes of surface and underground mining, - you remember t chief geologist of the Angarsk Geological Survey Sergey Mazur.- And this is the great merit of the then heads of the expedition G.T. Molodchenko and V. G. Lomaev. This division became one of the most advanced: they mastered new machines, introduced new technologies: drilling from ice, drilling from pontoons - the specialists of the Angarsk GRE were the first in the USSR to do this.

Until now, many of the deposits found by Motygin geologists for various reasons have not been included in industrial development and are waiting for their turn.

It must be said that geologists explored not only metals and non-metallic raw materials, but also water: in fact, the entire Lower Angara region was provided with drinking water, including by the employees of the Angarsk Geological Survey.

Geology, geologists are associated with romance for many: sort of tramps smelling of a fire, songs with a guitar, freedom ... In fact, the work is not easy and unfeminine, although there have always been many girls in the profession, - recalls hydrogeologist Lyudmila Muromtseva. - The field season usually starts in April, right after the Geologist's Day, and continues until the snow. We go out on the route, at each fontanel we take samples in bottles for chemical analysis of water, and the routes are multi-day, and we carry all these samples on ourselves in a backpack ... There was also romance, and there were songs around the fire - where without it, but a geologist is first and foremost a worker. Compiled hydrogeological maps, designated sources of water supply. We explored the Zyryanovsky water deposit, Motygino still drinks from it.

friendship remains

The veterans of the Angarsk geological exploration expedition recall the perestroika and collapse of the USSR with pain: they had to cut them alive. Economic ties fell apart, industry fell into decay, and no one needed geology. Out of a thousand employees, by the mid-90s, a little more than a hundred and fifty remained: the expedition was undergoing serious and very painful layoffs, some left on their own ...

Then many people, including me, had to leave the profession,” recalls Elena Dallakyan, a former employee of the New Technology Party. - But none of us got lost in life, thanks to those special relationships, a special culture that has always been on the expedition. We did not lose touch, we always supported each other, helped with work. We still communicate, make friends, meet with pleasure with or without reason.

The current head of the Angarsk exploration expedition Boris Bublai, who headed it in 1991, recalls the "dashing nineties" without joy:

We used to work on state orders, but then the state stopped financing exploration, now subsoil users had to pay for our work, and they were not ready for this, - Boris Vladimirovich recalls. - Who tried to create their own services, who simply saved money, creating the appearance of geological work. It got to the point that they paid us with "natural products" - sausage, bed linen, coal, whatever. We had to look for buyers for all this "wealth" in order to pay people at least some money. But it hardened us.

The second "gold rush"

Oddly enough, the salvation for the Angarsk exploration expedition was ... gold. The enterprise decided not only to conduct exploration, but also independently extract minerals, focusing on the extraction of alluvial gold. And already in 1994, specialists mined the first batch of metal - 2741 grams. Geologists talk about this event with such enthusiasm that it seems that they still remember every gram of this “mining” “by sight” and by touch.

Angarskaya GRE is a universal enterprise that conducts geological work from Siberia to the Far East.

Zolotobycha is our main income, - says Boris Bublai, - although in different years we did nothing but geology: there was a big "social program" - a kindergarten, our own first-aid post, which we were forced to transfer to the municipality. There was a forest area with a sawmill, it became an independent enterprise in the early 90s. They even engaged in agriculture - they harvested hay, milked cows, bred pigs. In a word, they carried out the food program.

True, even now the Angarsk geological exploration expedition is slowly acquiring “non-core assets”: a grocery store, the AGRE-service management company, a hotel ... The former departmental club now houses the famous Motyginsky Drama Theater - the only municipal theater in Russia located in a village with a population of five thousand people. And on New Year's Eve, a large clearing in front of the Angarsk Exploration Expedition building turns into a skating rink with a Christmas tree and festive illumination. Krasnoyarsk, but many stayed in Motygin. Geologists become at the behest of the heart, the veterans of the Angarsk State Geological Survey are sure.

You know, you have already become attached to this region, - says Lyudmila Muromtseva. - Here, every stone is native.

The anniversary of the Angarsk State Geotechnical Survey is an occasion to meet again, discuss the news, remember the departed comrades, rejoice at future prospects, look at archival photographs, and drive around the memorable places of the region. Gathering all who can come is a tradition that no economic difficulties could shake. After all, the main thing in geology is not maps and not equipment, but people. In the Angarsk State Regional Regulatory Commission, the memory of the labor path is honored like nowhere else: photographs and memories are carefully collected.

Moreover, legendary people worked here, such as, for example, Anastasia Stebleva, hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the Lenin Prize, discoverer of the Gorevsky polymetallic, Talsky magnesite, Udereisky gold-antimony deposits.

Anastasia Timofeevna raised children “on the job” - she took them with her to field work in a zinc bath, recalls Konstantin Shumaev. - A true geologist cannot be indifferent to his profession.

On the 60th anniversary of the expedition, Yuri Zabirov, the former head of the Western Party, promised to write a book about the history of the Angarsk State Geographical Survey and kept his promise. The monumental work, collected from memoirs and documents, was published in parts on the pages of the regional newspaper Angarsky Rabochiy. On the 70th anniversary, the General Director of OAO Krasnoyarskgeologia, which now includes the Angarsk Geological Exploration Expedition, Honored Geologist of the Russian Federation Anatoly Khokhlov, promised in front of a crowded hall of the Motygin Theater that there would be money to publish the book. On one condition: the content must be seriously expanded and supplemented.

ON A NOTE

The success of the industrial development of the deposit directly depends on how well the geologists did their work: they studied the geological structure of the deposit, established the contours of the ore deposits, estimated the ore reserves and determined the mining conditions and economic indicators.

OUR REFERENCE

The Angarsk Exploration Expedition, a branch of OAO Krasnoyarskgeologiya, was founded in 1947. Based in the village of Motygino.

The expedition carried out exploration work for non-ferrous, rare and precious metals, coal, non-metallic minerals, groundwater. In the Lower Angara region, more than 20 years ago, the mining of alluvial gold began.

AGRE geologists discovered and explored such deposits as Kokuyskoye (hard coal), Kirgiteiskoye (talc), Talskoye, Ekaterininskoye and Goluboe (magnesite), Chadobetskoye (bauxite), Gorevskoye (lead-zinc ores), Udereyskoye (gold-antimony ores) , Tatar (phosphate-niobium ores and vermiculite). More than 50 placers for hydromechanical mining and a number of deposits of various building materials were also found.

Important objects were evaluated: Sredne-Tatarskoye deposit of nepheline syenites, Chuktukonskoye of rare metals, gold deposits of B. Gora, Bogolyubovskoye, Samson and Arkhangelskoye. A valuable discovery was the exploration of several underground water deposits for domestic and drinking water supply of the district's settlements.

The expedition is a pioneer in the development of computer technology for calculating the reserves of mineral deposits and modernized, bringing the assay laboratory for gold to the modern level.

At present, about 220 people work in the Angarsk exploration expedition. The vast majority of them are residents of Motygin and the Motyginsky district. Half of the company's employees are engaged in gold mining, there is a drilling division that conducts exploration of ore gold and additional exploration of mining sites, a geological service, its own transport division, mechanical repair shops and its own fleet. In the ranks of equipment - bulldozers, excavators, dump trucks, drilling rigs, diesel power plants, hovercraft, etc.

Chapter V

about the first geological expeditions to the North of Sakhalin.

Having received a bottle of "kerosene water", Merchant Ivanov was incredibly happy with the gift. But unlike Philip Pavlov, he thought not only about kerosene lamps. The merchant had a wider knowledge about oil ...

August 29, 1859 American Drake, using drilling rigs to extract salt, managed to extract oil. This event marked the beginning of the development of the modern oil industry. Already in 1864, the first oil well was drilled in Russia - near the city of Anapa. In 1860 the French inventor Etienne Lenoir invented the internal combustion engine. And although coal was still the main raw material for energy, oil was already valued. Much appreciated!

Therefore, Ivanov had an extraordinary interest in the "Okha" bottle. But he didn't make a fuss about it. The next year he sent his clerk to the island Rozhnev with the same Pavlov with instructions to study the Okha area in more detail and stake it out.

Comment:
The main sources in describing subsequent events in the history of the development of oil fields in northern Sakhalin were the works of such well-known local historians-seekers as I.F. Panfilov and IN AND. Remizovsky. Many Okha residents are familiar with their books Difficult Oil and The Chronicle of Sakhalin Oil. There are many more interesting works by these authors, which will help to significantly enrich the knowledge of readers in the field of the history of Okha and Northern Sakhalin.
Naturally, Nikolai Rozhnev and Philipp Pavlov could not determine the size of the oil-bearing area, having no relevant experience. But another task was completed. The fact of the first discovery of the field Rozhnev "formalized" as follows. At his request, Pavlov brought three witnesses from the village of Pomyt. They were Yakuts Stepan Stepanov, Mikhey Mironov and Nivkh Fidun. In their presence, the clerk carved two deep crosses on a nearby larch. An unusual way to legitimize ownership. But as practice has shown, he justified himself.

Ivanov, fearing that he might be overtaken, quickly filed a petition to give him a thousand acres of land on Sakhalin for oil exploration and production. This petition was filed by him in the name of the Amur Governor-General Baron A.N. Corfu June 6, 1880 The merchant was in a hurry not in vain, but he did not have a chance to wait for an answer. In 1881 he died unexpectedly.

Ivanov's widow became the heiress of Ivanov's capital. She had to take on the red tape in the preparation of the necessary papers. Ivanova appealed to the governor of the Primorsky region, with a request to speed up the decision on the issue of the Sakhalin oil area. However, things got off the ground only in the summer of 1882, and on April 5, 1883, the Primorsky Regional Administration assigned her a plot for five years, with a payment of ten rubles a year for every tithe of land. At that time, this was not small money, and the widow left the oil venture as very burdensome.

This is how the first problems appeared in the development of Sakhalin oil fields. Any enterprising person who decided to implement some kind of creative idea had to be able to cope with the powerful Russian bureaucratic machine and at the same time retain strength to overcome other problems. Naturally, the merchant-widow could not cope with this task.

The mining engineer decided to take advantage of this situation. P. von Lindenbaum. Himself, being an employee of the Sakhalin administration, he expected that it would not be difficult for him to re-register the right to explore and produce oil in the Okha Valley in his name. In March 1886, he headed for the Okha region. In the village of Pomyt, local residents informed him that the deposit on the Okha had already been staked out for the people of the merchant Ivanov. Nivkh Fidun led the engineer to a clearing near a larch tree with carved crosses.

Lindenbaum realized that even here in the dense taiga it was not easy to appropriate property, but, of course, he did not abandon his plans. He found a place where oil, even through the snow, came to the surface. He dug a hole and extracted several pounds of oil, which he sent for research to the St. Petersburg laboratory of the Imperial Russian Technical Society.

However, as it turned out, these oil samples were taken incorrectly, and the laboratory did not give a conclusion. Lindenbaum had to go to the north of Sakhalin again - in the summer of 1887. The second attempt was more successful, the results of oil analysis were encouraging. By that time, the engineer was already retired and, without hesitation, filed a petition for allotment to him in the north of Sakhalin of five areas with a total area of ​​10 square miles.

But soon Ivanov's legal heir arrived on Sakhalin - his son-in-law - a retired lieutenant of the fleet Grigory Ivanovich Zotov.

Commentary: Grigory Ivanovich Zotov (1851-1907) was born in Sevastopol into a noble family. In 1871 he graduated from the Naval Corps. Sent to the Far East in the Pacific squadron for service. In 1874 he retired with the rank of Lieutenant of the Navy. In 1876-1878. was the captain of the first passenger-and-freight ship "Batrak" in the Far East. He was engaged in fishing business. He had his own fishing on the western (Rybnovsky) coast of Sakhalin. He was engaged in fishing in the Amur and the Amur Estuary. From 1889 to 1907, he tried not very successfully to organize a number of oil exploration and production companies in Northern Sakhalin.
The name of Grigory Zotov occupies a special place in the history of Okha. Not being a professional geologist, Grigory, with amazing enthusiasm, set about mastering an unfamiliar business. He showed himself to be a fairly educated, businesslike, energetic person.

Zotov had previously been aware that his father-in-law received a challenge on Sakhalin before his death. But he planned to continue the work he had begun at a later date. Rumors about outsiders' claims to Sakhalin oil forced him to hurry up. In 1888, he personally visited the Okhinsky field and immediately went to the capital to formalize the right to this allotment. He received it in November.

However, Lindenbaum did not lose hope, relying on the absence of accurate maps. The retired official tried to confuse officials, arguing that "the oil-bearing area discovered by him does not coincide with Zotovskaya." To clarify this issue, it was necessary to equip a geological expedition.

But Lindenbaum underestimated Zotov's energy. The former sailor was determined, and it was impossible to stop him with bureaucratic "things". In a short time, he found rich partners and organized the G.I. Zotov and Company”, whose founders were the trading house “Heirs of Gubkin”, commercial advisers A.D. Startsev and M.G. Shevelev, Kyakhta merchants I.F. Tokmakov, I.D. Sinitsyn, N.P. Babintsev and others. Zotov attracted experienced geologists to the new business. In Khabarovsk, he met with a mining engineer L.F. Batsevich, who at that time served as an official for special assignments in the Amur Governor General. His second consultant was a prominent scientist and researcher of the Ussuri region and the Amur region V.P. Margaritov. Enlisting the support of these scientists, G.I. Zotov visited the reception of the Governor-General A.N. Korfa.

In St. Petersburg, Zotov purchased four drilling rigs of the Glushkov system.

By the summer of 1889, she was equipped First geological expedition. It was headed by Leopold Feliksovich Batsevich.

The journey to Northern Sakhalin was unsafe and lasted almost a month - from June 14 to July 9. Geologists and their Nivkh companions were at especially great risk when crossing the Amur estuary. Nivkh rowing boats were used to overcome this obstacle. A strong current in the strait and not the most successful weather conditions almost jeopardized the entire event. But, with great difficulty, the crossing was nevertheless carried out successfully. Then the travelers reached the village of Pomyt, from where they were led to Okha by the same “freelance guide” - Fidun.

The party settled down not far from the Urkt Bay (near the current Okha thermal power plant). Here, in the Allas Valley, the first exploration work in the history of Sakhalin took place. Several pits were drilled and shallow wells were drilled. Some have seen oil inflows. With too imperfect equipment, the researchers were unable to achieve serious results.

However, the results of this expedition were of great importance. Professional geologist L.F. Batsevich was the first to confirm the presence of oil reserves on the Okha, predicted great prospects for the further development of this field, and gave a geological description of the area. Grigory Zotov compiled a map of the area.

In the summer of the following year, Second geological expedition. This time the work was carried out on Nogliki Square. Several pits were drilled, several oil fields were discovered. L.F. Batsevich compiled the first geological description of the Nogliki-Katangli-Nabil region, and gave a positive assessment of the prospects for further research.

But for the effectiveness of geological exploration, he recommended the use of deep drilling. For this, Zotov purchased the necessary equipment in St. Petersburg and set about organizing Third geological expedition. Zotov himself headed it, his technical assistant was the foreman S.O. Maslennikov.

In early June 1892, an expedition on a small sailing boat "Akula" set off from Vladivostok to the Alexandrovsky-on-Sakhalin post. Further, bypassing the Schmidt Peninsula, she followed to the Nyisky Bay. However, it was not possible to immediately get to the Nogliki field, the bay was clogged with ice. Drilling work was only able to start on 5 August. In the future, the expedition members experienced quite a few difficulties: lack of the necessary experience, imperfection of equipment, revolt of workers, the onset of winter ... As a result, with great difficulty, they managed to drill two deep wells - 96 and 42 meters, but no oil was found. Work was stopped on January 25, 1893. On the subject of the prospects for further work on Sakhalin, Maslennikov gave a negative conclusion.

Even after the first expedition, most of the founders of the G.I. Zotov and Co.," Batsevich's assurances seemed unconvincing. They hoped to make big profits at low cost in a short time. However, the results of the first expeditions did not promise them rapid enrichment. By the summer of 1893, the company had broken up.

But Zotov did not give up. At his own expense, he managed to organize fourth expedition. In the summer of 1893, with a small detachment, he again arrived in the area of ​​last year's work and continued drilling the first well. He brought her bottomhole to 137 meters, but oil was never discovered.

Commentary: The location of the Okhinsky field and the beginning of work on it, as well as the first geological expeditions, are described in more detail in the book “Trudnaya oil”, the author of which is I.F. Panfilov in the early 1970s personally walked along the Okha routes of Zotov and Batsevich.
Later, Grigory Ivanovich plans to return to the Okhinsky field, build a kerosene plant here for the distillation of surface oil and engage in a long-term study of the oil-bearing area, without breaking into other fields. But he no longer had sufficient funds for a new expedition. Realizing how important Sakhalin oil can be for the Russian Far East, Zotov decides to turn to the state for help.

For almost ten years, Zotov tried to convince the Sakhalin Governor, the Governor-General of the Amur Territory, officials of the Mining Department in St. Petersburg of the need to put geological exploration work in Northern Sakhalin on a scientific and state basis. But all his petitions were useless. Maslennikov's opinion turned out to be more convincing for government officials.

On December 26, 1907, the man who was the first to actually try to extract oil in Northern Sakhalin, Grigory Ivanovich Zotov, died. Unfortunately, the work of the first Sakhalin oilman during his lifetime was not crowned with success. He did not succeed in reaching industrial oil deposits.

Other “businessmen”, for the most part, “didn’t sniff oil”, but they were distinguished by their activity in other matters - they made papers properly, staked plots, established joint-stock companies, concluded deals.

Of the entire brethren of "pillar industrialists", it is worth highlighting in particular - an engineer Friedrich Kleie, who, like Zotov, fanatically believed in Sakhalin oil and personally made great efforts to find it. True, unlike Zotov, who directed his efforts for the glory and strengthening of Russia, for Kleye all the banners were of the same color. He himself was a German, worked for the British company Royal Dutch Petroleum. In 1892 he was sent to the east coast of Sakhalin to check information about oil releases. In the Chaivo Bay area, Kleie set up bid poles. Later, he received Russian citizenship and obtained permission to allocate 18 sites for exploration in the areas of Nutovo, Boatashino and Nabil.

Despite the fact that the Royal Dutch Petroleum industrialists refused to invest in Sakhalin oil, in 1898 Kleye drilled an exploratory well 85 meters deep in the Boatashino area and discovered oil-saturated formations. In 1902, he created the Sakhalin and Amur Mining Syndicate in London.

In the summer of 1903, the Syndicate sent an expedition to Sakhalin, led by the English geologist Norman Botta. For about a month, Botta was engaged in surveying areas on the east coast. The results of his activities were not promising, so the Syndicate abandoned further work on Sakhalin.

However, even after that, Kleye did not back down from his plans ...

In 1904-1905. famous events of the Russo-Japanese war took place. The main theater of operations was on the mainland - in Northeast China. War came to Sakhalin only in the summer of 1905, when peace negotiations began in Portsmouth. Having a multiple superiority in strength, the Japanese captured the island within a month. Scattered detachments of Russian soldiers and volunteers from among the convicts tried to conduct partisan operations. In the end, the partisans were either destroyed or captured. Just a squad Vasily Petrovich Bykov, was able to leave Sakhalin with battles, retaining most of its composition.

Comment:
The fighting did not touch Northern Sakhalin. At the very end, a partisan detachment of the legendary captain V.P. appeared here. Bykov.
Most of the officers of the Sakhalin military units, including the commander of the lieutenant general M.N. Lyapunov, surrendered. Repeatedly it was proposed to do this to Bykov, to which he refused. In July, his detachment of 275 people fought several battles in the south of the island, causing significant damage to the Japanese. Avoiding a meeting with superior enemy forces, a detachment from the Tikhmenevsky post on boats along the difficult east coast of Sakhalin retreated to the northern part of the island. Having passed the island across, I went to the village of Perish. After some time, the partisans crossed from the Tengi post to Nikolaevsk.
The loss of the detachment amounted to 54 people.
In 1947, a working settlement and one of the peaks of the Susunai Range in the south of the island were named after Captain Bykov.
The fact of the capture of the island gave great trump cards to the Japanese representatives in Portsmouth, who wanted to attach the entire "Karafuto" to their Land of the Rising Sun. Thanks to the persistence of Russian diplomats, led by Count Sergei Yulievich Witte, part of Sakhalin north of the 50th parallel remained with Russia (for this merit, S.Yu. Witte received the nickname “half-Sakhalin”).

Surprisingly, the treachery of the Japanese also played a positive role. The Russian government has finally realized that there are not only oil fields in Northern Sakhalin, but also of considerable interest to foreign capital. On April 10 (23), 1906, the Council of Ministers of Russia decides to abolish hard labor and exile. Measures are being taken in favor of the development of research and entrepreneurial activities on the island.

In the same 1906, the first Sakhalin state expedition took place. It was headed by an engineer of the Mining Department K.N. Tulchinsky. He was helped by the chief assistant foreman V.V. Baturin, an experienced taiga foreman P.T. Popov, resident of the Tymovsky district, conductor V.S. Romanov. The journey from Aleksandrovsk to the Nutovo River lightly (first on carts, then on rowing Nivkh boats) took half a month. Geologists began their research only in September and were able to devote only five days to this. Autumn storms and the onset of cold did not allow exploration of other areas of the east coast.

However, the expedition had its results. Based on general geological studies, a plan was proposed for a more detailed study of Northern Sakhalin in the future. The presence of five oil fields was confirmed (Okha, Nogliki, Nabil, Nutovo, Boatasino), as well as an eye survey of the Nutovskaya oil-bearing area and the route of the expedition.

At the beginning of 1907, the organization of expeditions and the preparation of work plans were transferred to Geological Committee ministries of trade and industry. In the same year, he organized a new expedition to Northern Sakhalin. According to the proposals of K.N. Tulchinsky, the task was set: to carry out a geological reconnaissance of a wide strip along the eastern coast of Northern Sakhalin. The expedition was led by an experienced geologist E.E. Anertu.

Comment:
Eduard Eduardovich Anert (1865-1946) - an outstanding geologist and mining engineer of the Far East and China. He personally discovered more than a dozen deposits of oil, coal, gold and other minerals. For many years, scientific works written by him were reference books for geologists of the Far East, China and Japan. However, for a number of reasons, his biography was known only in fragments.
Born on June 13 (25), 1865 in the Novogeorgievskaya fortress (near Warsaw). In 1889 he graduated from the Mining Institute.
In 1895, Anert was appointed senior engineer of the geological party for mining and geological surveys of the Amur Railway. In 1896 he was invited on an expedition to Manchuria and North Korea. In 1902-1913. worked in the Amur expedition.
One of the main merits of Anert is that in the turbulent times of the revolutions, the Civil War and the Japanese intervention, he managed to save the staff and precious collections of the Far Eastern Geological Committee. The efforts of many geologists, whose research has always been needed under any government and under any system, were saved for the country.
IN AND. Remizovsky "Geologist and mining engineer Eduard Eduardovich Anert" (Bulletin of the Sakhalin Museum. No. 2. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk).
In early August, the expedition left the Alexander post. The research site was reached in a known way. To the village of Slavo in the valley of the Tym River - on carts. Then the same Nivkh brigade was hired as rowers, led by an experienced pilot Taigan, which took part in the Tulchinsky expedition a year earlier. On boats, geologists carried out rafting along the Tym to the Nyisky Bay, from where the research began.

Moving north, the expedition carried out an audit of the already known and search for new oil-bearing areas, simultaneously conducting a topographic survey. As a year earlier, he proved to be an excellent conductor Nikolai Popov- a resident of Nikolaevsk-on-Amur, who in the past lived for a long time on Saniga Island in Chaivo Bay. Thanks to his invaluable knowledge of the taiga, the expedition managed to overcome the difficult route relatively comfortably and quickly: Nogliki - Uyni River - Dagi - Chaivo Bay - Val River - Khanduza River - Boatasinskaya oil field. They traveled by boat - sometimes along the coast, sometimes along the bays and channels, sometimes on foot, carrying light boats on themselves.

To the north of Boatashino, the Nivkhs refused to go, saying that they had to return to harvest yukola. Further to the squares of Kydylanya and Ekhabi Anert was accompanied by Orok Oopen and Yakut Prokhorov. The Ekhabinsk deposit turned out to be the northernmost in the expedition route. Anert had a great desire to reach the Okha oil field, but traditional difficulties prevented him - unfavorable climatic and geographical conditions. Autumn storms began, the only food left for the way back. In the same way, the geologists returned to the Aleksandrovsky post.

The expedition worked on Sakhalin for a month and a half. It took a month to inspect the oil-bearing areas. However, Anert and his assistants (primarily an experienced geologist N.I. Berling) have done a lot of work. In addition to the known five deposits, five more were discovered - Katangli, Uyni, Maly Garomai, Kadylani and Ekhabi. Oil samples were taken. In 1908, the laboratory of the geological committee made their analyzes. With the Anert expedition, a systematic topographic survey of the area began. The map includes the route from the Alexandrovsky post to the mouth of the Tym River, as well as the coastal strip from Nyisky Bay to the portage between Chaivo and Piltun Bays. Further to the north, an eye survey was made. Three large bays were opened – Piltun, Odoptu and Ekhabi.

In his report on the expedition, E.E. Anerta argued that research on the eastern coast of Northern Sakhalin should be developed and systematized as soon as possible. The following year, he took over the geological baton from him. Pyotr Ignatievich Polevoy. Unlike the previous ones, this expedition was much larger in terms of duration, number of people, and amount of allocated funds. Since mid-July 1908, large geological and topographic surveys were carried out simultaneously by two teams headed by geologists P.I. Field and N.N. Tikhonovich. They covered the entire oil-bearing strip of the east coast with their routes.

Geological expedition in 2013. Part 1. "On the Priobsky plateau".

A. D. Belkin. "Geological expedition along the Priobsky plateau" (04.07. - 03.07.2013).

This year I participated in a geological expedition to the Altai Territory (with the staff of SNI GGiMS).

Expedition members:

Head of the detachment - geologist Loskutov Ilya Yurievich.

Geologists - Fedoseev Geliy Sergeevich, Zhigalov Sergey Viktorovich, Vetrov Evgeny Valerievich, Bukharov Alexander Nikolaevich, Belkin Anatoly Dmitrievich. Ermolenko Ivan Mikhailovich, student of the Faculty of Geology of Tomsk University.

UAZ driver - Lyashkovsky Vitaly Vladimirovich.

The purpose of the expedition is to collect information and materials to create a geological map of the 3rd generation.

The Ob plateau is an elevated plain in the north of the Altai Territory and in the south of the Novosibirsk Region. The plateau is located on the left bank of the Ob (begins in the foothills of the Altai, gradually moving into the Kulunda basin). The average height of the plateau is 250 m. It is dissected by several wide and deep (40-100 m) hollows, elongated parallel to each other (from southwest to northeast). In these hollows (ancient drains) there are valleys of modern rivers. The largest of them are Charysh, Aley, Barnaulka and Kasmala. In the upper reaches of the hollow of the Kasmalinskaya ribbon there are bitter-salty lakes (Big and Small Gorkoe). There are also swamps on the plateau. The soils of the plateau are mainly represented by chernozems; therefore, most of its territory is plowed up and sown with grain and industrial crops. The terrain is predominantly flat (steppe), but in some places there are birch pegs and ribbon pine forests. The climate of the plain is warmer and drier than other zones of the West Siberian Lowland.

Geographic map of the region.

Our first base camp on the floodplain terrace of the Charysh river. Below the village of Ust Kalmanka.

In this place, the Charysh valley is wide with many oxbow lakes and lakes. The floodplain is overgrown with shrubs and trees.

Geologists live in such tents in the field.

And this is my tent.

This is the tent of the geologist Fedoseev G.S.

Our small power plant. Not all geologists grow beards.

A pond in the Charysh floodplain.

Charysh below Ust-Kalmanka. Steppe floodplain, as there is practically a rocky plateau from above covered with a thin layer of turf.

Granite coast of Charysh with sparse vegetation. The opposite shore has a thicker soil layer and therefore dense vegetation (trees, shrubs, grasses).

Spotted granites.

These are the specks (hardened concentrated melt or xenolith?).

In the distance is the foothills of Altai, and in front of it is the Ob plateau.

Small granite quarry.

Abandoned granite quarry.

Granites with a dike bulge out of the ground.

Porphyritic granite with large xenolith.

It is easy to walk on such a steppe.

Winding channel of the river Kalmanka. She dug it for herself in a flat steppe plateau. Woody vegetation survives only in floodplains.

Floodplain of Kalmanka.

The banks of the river are rocky.

The remains of an old small hydroelectric power station on Kalmanka. It was built on a granite river bed. The material for platinum was taken here.

Me and G. S. Fedoseev.

Neighborhood of the Kalmanka River, its rocky banks.

You need to think carefully before writing a description of this outcrop.

Mystery. What is primary?

Fragment of a sandstone millstone.

Weathering crust of granites in the upper Kalmanka.

Weathering crust of granites. Quartz veins are visible.

Pegmatite vein in granites.

Hornfelses xenoliths in granite. Sign of the outskirts of the granite massif (contact zone).

Here you can clearly see that the plateau in this place is rocky. It is covered from above with only a thin layer of soil.

Intermittent thunderstorms have often plagued us this year.

There were very few insects and birds. Probably everyone died out, since the fields here are treated with pesticides 5 times a summer. Because of this, we did not take water from springs and streams.

Floodplain of Kalmanka (outskirts of Ust-Kalmanka).

The second base camp on the left bank of the Alei. In the vicinity of the village of Krasnoyarka.

Automobile suspension bridge across the Aley.

Floodplain Alei in the vicinity of Krasnoyarka.

Watching the otter swim.

And here she is, dragging grass into her hole.

There are many deep ravines in the Krasnoyarka region. Our tasks included the study of Quaternary deposits on the Priobskoye Plateau.

It was for such stripes in the ravines that we “hunted”.

Firn snow still lay in many ravines in mid-June.

It's nice to sit in the cool for a while.

Unexpected meeting. Steppe fox cubs (Korsak).

Summer, evening parahelia (solar halo).

Sunsets on the Ob plateau.

Sunset on the Alley.

Sun pillar at sunset.

Beetles (Spanish fly). In ancient times, these poisonous beetles were collected, dried, crushed and used as the main component of a love potion. The poisonous substance contained in the body of these animals (the neurotoxin cantharidin) is a stimulant of sexual activity. If you overdose, then instead of activating sexual activity, convulsions will begin.

What is left of Staroaleyka. In this place, the mouth of the Alei and the floodplain of the Ob. Old woman Ob is visible.

Landslide.

The almost abandoned Staroaleisky cemetery.

Floodplain Aley in front of Staroaleysk.

Transition Priobskoe plateau - floodplain of the Ob.

The Ob is visible in the distance.

And here are the ravines.

All that is left of the mine with a ballistic intercontinental missile (blew up).

There is still snow in the ravines.

Floodplain of the Ob in the vicinity of the mouth of Bolshaya Kalmanka.

And here is the mouth of B. Kalmanka.

The third base camp on the bank of the Shtabka river pond (near the village of Komsomolsky, not far from Pavlovsk).

Head of the detachment, geologist I. Yu. Loskutov. Even in short moments of rest, one cannot relax.

Every morning we saw this picture. A shepherd drove a local herd of cows past us.

Sunset on the pond.

And this is sunrise.

Caught a small snake. Resisting, he burped four frogs.

Already released.

Kasmala river. The water in the river is brownish in color, due to the fact that there are lakes and swamps in its upper reaches.

In the floodplain of Kasmala there is a thick layer of sedimentary rocks (clay, sand).

The paleochannel of Kasmala is visible.

This hollow is the paleochannel. Ribbon pine forests stretch along both banks of the Kasmala.

This is how small villages on the Priobsky plateau look like.

Grazing local herd.

Bon appetit and see you soon.

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The material below about the Zeya expedition was prepared at one time by Gennady Fedorovich Olkin. In the 1960s, he was directly involved in its creation, after that he led it for a long time. His article, entitled "Geological survey work: the map is the basis of searches", was published in Amurskaya Gazeta, in No. 98 (308) of December 20, 1995. This issue of the newspaper was devoted to Amur geology, which celebrated its 50th anniversary in that difficult year. I only slightly corrected and supplemented the article by Gennady Fedorovich.

Additional related materials:

Geological survey work: the map is the basis of the search

Since the middle of the 20th century, systematic geological mapping of the territory of the Amur Region began. Its main goal is to compile conditioned geological maps and maps of minerals, which were to become a reliable basis for the search for mineral deposits.

Geological mapping included 2 stages.

• Stage 1 - medium-scale geological mapping (State geological survey at a scale of 1:200,000, followed by the publication of the State geological map and a map of minerals at a scale of 1:200,000 in a sheet-by-sheet version);
• Stage 2 - large-scale geological mapping (geological survey and prospecting at a scale of 1:50,000 as the main method of general prospecting for all types of mineral deposits).

To carry out these tasks on the territory of the Amur Region, since 1958, geological survey parties of 3 expeditions were involved: Leningrad (the former Far Eastern Expedition No. Directorate (FEGU) and Expedition No. 4 of the All-Union Aerogeological Trust (VAGT, later - the Aerogeology Association).

Field base of the Leningrad expedition (headed by P. P. Emelyanov, chief geologist A. I. Savchenko) in the period 1958-61. was in the village of Bolshoi Never, Skovorodinsky district. It was a large geological survey enterprise, consisting of 15-20 field parties that carried out the State geological survey at a scale of 1:200,000 in the western part of the Amur Region. The parties were led by experienced highly qualified surveyor geologists, such as Milay T. A., Ivanov S. A., Siparova Yu. A., Romanchuk S. I., Samusin A. I., Freidin A. I., Abramson B. Ya ., Olkin G. F., .Moskalenko Z. D., Voronin D. V. and others.

In the eastern part of the Amur Region, the State geological survey at a scale of 1:200,000 was carried out by geological survey parties of the FENU Geological Survey Expedition (headed by K. F. Prudnikov), based in Khabarovsk. The parties were headed by such highly qualified surveyor geologists as Shikhanov V.V., Turbin M.T., Nesterenko S.P., Skatynsky Yu.P., Fedorovsky V.C., Pavlenko M.V., Mamontov Yu.A., Sorokin A. P., Yalynychev E. V., Karsakov L. P., Zubkov V. F., Karavanov K. P., Olkov V. V., Maiboroda A. F., Shcherbina Yu. I., Sukhin M V. et al.

The northern part of the region, adjacent to the Stanovoy Ridge, by decision of the USSR Ministry of Geology, was given for medium-scale geological mapping to VAGT, based in Moscow and having a field base in the city of Tynda (at that time the village of Tyndinsky). Geological survey parties were surveyed here under the leadership of M. Z. Glukhovsky, G. N. Bazhenova, A. G. Kats, G. B. Gimmelfarb, Yu. B. Kazmin, and others.

Fate dealt cruelly with the team of geologists of the Leningrad expedition. In 1961, the newspaper Izvestiya published a feuilleton called Shaved Hedgehog, which criticized the organizational structure of regional geological research that had developed in the Amur Region. The main accusation was that the Leningrad Expedition, being subordinate to the Far Eastern Geological Administration, carried out cameral processing of field materials in Leningrad and at the same time maintained a field base in the village of Bolshoi Never in the Amur Region. As a result, the Leningrad expedition was relocated by order from Leningrad to the city of Zeya, Amur Region, and renamed the Upper Amur Expedition of the Far Eastern State University. Since 1960, the head of the expedition was Zdorichenko V.P., Savchenko A.I. remained the chief geologist. geological organizations based in Leningrad (VSEGEI, the Research Institute of Geology of the Arctic (NIIGA), the North-Western Geological Administration, etc.) It was mainly the young generation of surveyor geologists who moved to Zeya, that is, those who by that time 30 years old (Olkin G.F., Stark A.G., Rudenko D.G., Parnyakov S.P., Afanasov M.N., Volsky A.S., Volskaya I.P., etc.) Of these, 5-6 geological survey parties were formed, which were already mainly engaged in geological surveys and prospecting at a scale of 1:50,000.

This undoubtedly affected the pace of the State geological survey at a scale of 1:200,000 of the territory of the Amur Region. It continued until 1974, i.e. for 16 years, and most of it was carried out by geologists of the FENU Geological Survey Expedition. This is evidenced by the number of photographed sheets at a scale of 1:200,000. Thus, 51 sheets of the State Geological Map of the USSR at a scale of 1:200,000 were filmed and prepared for publication by surveying geologists from Khabarovsk, 17 sheets by VAGT geologists, and only 12 sheets by geologists from the Leningrad expedition .

It should be noted that the geological survey and searches at a scale of 1:50,000 were started almost simultaneously with the geological survey at a scale of 1:200,000. and Pezhemsky G.G., carried out geosurvey-50 in the area of ​​the Kirovsky gold deposit (Dzheltulaksky, and now Tyndinsky administrative region). The same shootings were started in the districts of Dambukinsky (the parties of Shestakov A.F., Boltenkov G.S., Kashkovsky V.A., Tamgin S.V.,), Oktyabrsky (Bondarenko E.I., Pan V.P., ), Selemdzhinsky and Kharginsky (Belyaeva G.V., Neronsky G.I., Eirish L.V.) mines, Urkiminsky gold-bearing cluster (Rudenko D.G.). But these were parties of still different expeditions: the Leningrad (Upper Amur), the Amur complex (the city of Svobodny) and the Geological survey (the city of Khabarovsk).

In May 1963, the Upper Amur expedition was transformed into the Zeya group of parties (headed by Yu. P. Rasskazov) of the FENU Geological Survey Expedition.

On June 1, 1964, the Amur Complex Expedition was transformed into the Amur Regional Geological Prospecting Directorate (the only Amur RayGRU in the USSR). By the same order, the Zeya geological survey expedition was created, which became part of the Amur RayGRU (head of the expedition Olkin G. F., chief geologist Shestakov A. F.).

2 geological survey parties from the former Oktyabrskaya, Dambukinskaya groups of parties of the Amur expedition (heads Pan V.P. and Tamgin S.V.) were transferred to the Zeya GSE. Since that time, Zeya surveyor geologists have become practically monopolists in conducting geological surveys and prospecting at a scale of 1:50,000 in the Amur Region.

From 1966 to 1969, Rudenko D. G. worked as the chief geologist of the Zeya PSE, and from 1969 to 1976 - Lopatinsky G. S. In 1972-75. the expedition was headed by B. L. Godzevich.

In January 1973, the Zeya GSE was transformed into the Zeya Geological Survey Party of the Amur Geological Exploration Expedition (former Amur RayGRU). Since 1975, Olkin G.F. has again become its head, and since 1976, Volsky A.S. has become its chief geologist.

In 1979-82. The Zeya GSP is part of the Geological Survey Expedition of the Far Eastern TSU (since April 1, 1982 - PGO "Dalgeologiya"). The head of the party is Komarov I.P., the chief geologist is Volsky A.S.

In 1981, Volsky A.S. was appointed chief geologist of the PGO "Dalgeologiya". Yu. V. Koshkov was appointed chief geologist of the Zeya GSP.

In 1982, the Zeya GSP was chosen as the basis for the creation of the Geological Expedition of the PGO "Dalgeologiya" (later - the Tyndinskaya GRE). I. P. Komarov, the head of the Zeya GSP, was appointed head of the new expedition, I. A. Vasiliev became its chief geologist.

The former sites of the Zeya GSP were transformed into geological survey parties directly subordinate to the expedition leadership, i.e. Zeyskaya SSP as an independent structural unit was disbanded. However, this did not last long. In 1983 Semenov E.K. was appointed head of the Geological Expedition, who relocated the expedition to the village of Kuvykta on the BAM, and the Zeya GSP was again reanimated in the city of Zeya. G. F. Olkin again became its head, Yu. V. Koshkov became the chief geologist.

On January 1, 1987, the Zeya GSP was transferred to the newly created Blagoveshchensk search and survey expedition, and on March 1, 1989, together with the Blagoveshchensk PSE, it became part of the new production geological association - PGO "Taezhgeologia" (later the GSE "Amurgeologiya", Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Amurgeology").

On January 1, 1990, by order N 377 of November 24, 1989, the Zeya GSP was separated from the Blagoveshchensk PSE and transformed into the Zeya search and survey expedition of the PGO Taezhgeologia. Until 1992, its head was Olkin G.F., the chief geologist was Pipich A.V., and then Kozak 3.P. became its head, the chief geologist was Koshelenko V.V.

Despite all the structural changes, the geological survey parties of the Zeya expedition continued to successfully conduct geological surveys and searches at a scale of 1:50,000 within the most promising ore regions and nodes:

• Verkhne-Amursky (party leaders Volsky A.S., Stark A.G., Struzhek V.S., Vasiliev I.A., Koshkov Yu.V.), Dambukinsky (party leaders Pan V.P., Tamgin S. V., Komarov I. P., Shitin S. T., Lyakhovkin Yu. S., Boltenkov G. S., Parnyakov S. P., Afanasov M. N., Bezkorovainy L. P., Godzevich B. L. , Petruk V. N. and others)
• Gonzhinsky (heads of the parties Volsky A. S., Volskaya I. P., Koshkov Yu. V., Zhilich Ya. N., Evlasyev A. V. and others)
• Sugdzharsky (heads of the parties Lyahovkin Yu. S., Koshkov Yu. V., Senkevich V. G.)
• Zee-Selemdzhinsky (V. A. Rybalko, Ya. N. Zhilich, V. I. Malkov, Z. P. Kozak, etc.)
• Unya-Bomsky (Stepanov V. A.) gold-bearing and Kalarsky titanium-bearing (Kozak 3. P., Koshelenko V. V.) regions
• Gerbikano-Ogodzhinsky coal-bearing area (Karnaushenko V.N.).

One of the geological survey parties (headed by Barvenko V.A., Komarov I.P.) carried out a comprehensive geological and hydrogeological survey at a scale of 1:200,000 within the Verkhne-Zeya depression.

Over more than 30 years of work by Zeya geologists-surveyors, schemes of stratigraphy, magmatism and volcanism have been developed, patterns of distribution of all types of minerals have been established, dozens of promising manifestations of gold, tungsten, molybdenum, polymetals, zeolites, graphite, alunite, vermiculite, phosphate rock have been identified. raw materials, etc.

From the beginning of the 70s, new types of geological mapping began to be introduced into the expedition: group geological survey at a scale of 1: 50000 or GGP-50 (1973 - Volsky A.S., Volskaya I.P.), geological additional study of previously photographed areas or GDP -50 (1973 - Lyakhovkin Yu.S.), and with the start of the construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline, in the mid-70s, aerial photogeological mapping or AFGK-50 (1976 - Rybalko V.A., 1977 – Lysenko V. F., Masyuk V. N.).

Since 1993, in connection with the new concept of regional geological research approved by Roskomnedra, the expedition began to introduce another type of geological mapping - geological additional study of previously photographed areas at a scale of 1: 200,000, which provides for the subsequent reprinting of sheets of the State Geological Map and a map of minerals of Russia at a scale of 1: 200,000 (Gosgeolkarta-200 (new series) - Petruk N. N., Belikov S. N., Vakhtomin K. D.)

In the 1970s, during the expedition, for the operational assessment of the ore occurrences identified during the geological survey, a search unit was created - the Zeya search team (site) (Olkin G.F., Efremov A.B., Korobushkin N.G.).

Since 1991, the Zeya PSE has begun compiling an updated geological map of the Amur Region at a scale of 1:500,000 (Rybalko V.A., Volkova Yu.R., Belikova T.V.) as the basis for geological and mineralogical mapping at a scale of 1:500,000 (GMK-500).

The main search results of the expedition for the period from 1961 to 1994 (the so-called "Zeya period") are as follows:

• identification of the Omutnino-Kudikan and Dzheltulak zones of tungsten mineralization (A. G. Stark, Yu. I. Starikov, S. G. Agafonenko, and others);
• identification of the Sergeevsky ore occurrence of tungsten in the upper reaches of the river. Bol. Omutnaya (Sergeev B.G., Stark A.G., Stepanov V.A.);
• identification of a promising gold ore occurrence "Snezhinka" in the basin of the river. Urka and the allocation of the Urka gold ore cluster (Vasiliev I.A., Stark A.G.);
• the most significant achievement is the discovery of the Pokrovskoye gold deposit (discoverers Melnikov V. D., Koshkov Yu. , which allowed for a short period of time (10 years) to prepare and transfer it to industrial development;
• discovery of the Pioneer gold ore deposit (V. A. Stepanov, Ya. N. Zhilich, N. K. Izmailova, I. Sheikina, N. G. Korobushkin, V. P. Chervov) on the northern flank of the Pokrovsky gold ore cluster.
• identification of the Tas-Yuryakhskaya gold ore zone within the Kalarsky ore region (Koshelenko V.V.);
• identification of a new type of mineralization for the Amur region - copper-molybdenum porphyry gold-bearing - the Borgulikan deposit (N. G. Korobushkin);
• identification and operational involvement in the study of the Vanga zeolite deposit in the Zeya region (Petruk V.N., Klepikov G.G.).
• Establishment of the industrial coal content of loose deposits of the Verkhnezeya depression (V. A. Barvenko).

Since 1994, in connection with the general reorganization of the Geological Survey of the Amur Region and bringing its structure in line with the tasks assigned to the State Geological Survey, a systematic transfer of Zeya surveyor geologists to the city of Blagoveshchensk began, with the direct subordination of its geological survey parties to the GSE "Amurgeologia" . In December 1994, part of the expedition's geologists was transferred to the Zeya prospecting artel, headed by the expedition's former geologist V. I. Bogdanovich, and reoriented to prospecting and revision work for alluvial gold.

On March 1, 1995, the Zeya PSE was liquidated.

The Zeya expedition was a good school for geologists-renters for graduates of the Leningrad and Sverdlovsk institutes, Leningrad, Lvov, Voronezh, Perm and Irkutsk state universities, Irkutsk, Far Eastern and Tomsk polytechnic institutes, etc. Graduates of many technical schools also worked in it: Blagoveshchensk Polytechnic, Staro-Oskolsky , Kyiv, Miass, Moscow regional, Irkutsk geological exploration technical schools, etc.

Her pupils are the leading researcher of VSEGEI, laureate of the State Prize, former chief geologist of the PGO "Dalgeology", candidate of geological and mineralogical sciences Volsky A.S., deputy director of the AmurKNII for scientific work, doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences Stepanov V.A. Chairman of the Dalgeolcom Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences Pan V. P., First Deputy Chairman of the Amurgeolcom Vasiliev I. A., Chief Geologist of the State State Enterprise "Amurgeology" Rybalko V. A., Chief Geologist of the FGUGP "Amurgeology" Pipich A. V., Associate Professor of the Department of Mineralogy of Crystallography and Petrography , deputy Dean of the Geological Exploration Faculty of the St. Petersburg Mining Institute, Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences Samusina S.I., Associate Professor of the Department of Geomorphology of St. Petersburg State University, Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Nikolayeva T.V. and many others.

If we talk in general about the surveying geologists who took part in the geological mapping of the territory of the Amur Region, then the following became doctors of science: Sorokin A.P. - Director of the International Laboratory of Mineral Resources of the Amur Scientific Center of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Neronsky G.I. - Director of the AmurKNII, Eirish L.V. - leading researcher of the AmurKNII, Karavanov K.P. - head. Laboratory of Hydrogeology of the Institute of Ecology of Water Problems FEB RAS, Karsakov L.P. - Leading Researcher of the Institute of Tectonics and Geophysics FEB RAS and many others.