Source - Wikipedia
Ordzhonikidze, Grigory Konstantinovich 2nd Chairman of the Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (November 3, 1926 - December 15, 1930)
after Valerian Vladimirovich Kuibyshev, 2nd People's Commissar of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspectorate of the USSR,
4th Chairman of the Supreme Economic Council of the USSR, 1st People's Commissar of Heavy Industry of the USSR
Grigory Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze, party nickname Sergo, was born (October 12 (24) 1886,
Goresh village, Shorapansky district, Kutaisi province - February 18, 1937, Moscow)
- prominent Soviet statesman and party figure, professional
revolutionary. The son of a nobleman. He studied at the Tiflis paramedic school. Member of the RSDLP
since 1903. Bolshevik.
Actively participated in the revolution of 1905-1907. in the Caucasus. Studied at the Lenin
party school at Longjumeau, France. In 1912 he was elected a member of the Russian Bureau of the Central Committee
Bolsheviks, in 1912-1917. was in hard labor and in exile. After returning from
links - member of the St. Petersburg Committee of the RSDLP (b) and the Executive Committee of the Petrograd
Council. Active participant in the October Revolution of 1917. During the years of the Civil
war - in leadership work in the army, one of the organizers of the defeat of Denikin.
Considered one of the founders of the deportation
policy of the Soviet state - on his initiative in May 1918, it was adopted
the decision to "decossackize" - the eviction of the Cossacks of the Sunzha line and the provision
liberated lands to the Ingush.
Ordzhonikidze was directly involved in the overthrow of governments in Azerbaijan,
Armenia and Georgia and the creation of the TSFSR. In 1912-17, 1921-27 and since 1934 he was a member of the Party Central Committee. With
February 1922 1st Secretary of the Transcaucasian, from September 1926 of the North Caucasian
Regional Committee of the RCP(b). In 1926-1930. Ordzhonikidze - Chairman of the Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, People's Commissar
RKI and deputy. Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. Since 1930 - Chairman of the Supreme Economic Council, and then People's Commissar
heavy industry. From 1930 to 1937 - Member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (candidate
in 1926). Member of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR 1-7 convocations.
Ordzhonikidze and Stalin
In 1907, Ordzhonikize was arrested on charges of banditry and placed in
Bayil prison in Baku. There, in cell number 3, he met Joseph
Dzhugashvili, who at that time bore the party nickname Koba. Since then between them
relations were established close to friendly. Ordzhonikidze was one of the few
people with whom Stalin was on "you". After the suicide of Nadezhda Alliluyeva
it was Ordzhonikidze (and Kirov), who, as close friends, spent the night in Stalin's house.
A devoted supporter of Stalin, Ordzhonikidze, nevertheless, could not agree with
destruction of the "old Bolsheviks". If before the assassination of Kirov repression against
members of the Communist Party who had never officially opposed the party line were
relative rarity, then after - an ordinary phenomenon. Ordzhonikidze, in
in particular, did not want to put up with attempts to reveal the alleged mass
sabotage. To a certain extent, rumors of such sabotage were influenced by
technology disruption in the pursuit of economic growth (according to some
unofficially sanctioned by Ordzhonikidze, according to other sources - no). In the same
time there is a deterioration in relations with Stalin - including due to
nominations on the initiative of the Secretary General to the first role in the Transcaucasian
party organization L.P. Beria, whom Ordzhonikidze did not like and considered
a rogue and a dangerous intriguer.
At the February-March (1937) plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, Ordzhonikidze was planned
chief speaker on the issue "on the lessons of sabotage, sabotage and espionage
Japanese-German-Trotskyist agents. In this regard, the People's Commissar of Heavy
industry since 1932, Ordzhonikidze held a series of meetings with senior
economic workers and to verify the data of the NKVD sent commissions to
"Uralvagonstroy", "Kemerovokombinatstroy" and enterprises of coke
industry of Donbass. Based on the collected materials Ordzhonikidze
prepared a draft resolution on his report. The draft did not mention
scope of sabotage in heavy industry, the emphasis was on the need
elimination of shortcomings in the work of the people's commissariat. There is evidence that this
the project was criticized by Stalin.
Reliable evidence that Ordzhonikidze was found on February 18, 1937 in his
at home with a gunshot wound, no. But it should be especially noted that
Ordzhonikidze was clearly trying, in the face of growing control of the organs
state security and repression to turn the NKTP into a relatively autonomous
organization that protected from the NKVD not only its employees, but also
subordinate objects. Find out more about what happened inside the People's Commissariat,
especially among the management, seems to be quite difficult, since the assessments
very contradictory.
In favor of at least significant disagreements with the General Secretary are
repressions sanctioned at the very top after the death of Grigory Ordzhonikidze
against the next of kin - wife, three brothers (and the wife of one of them),
nephew. All persons who drew up a conclusion on the death of Ordzhonikidze from a heart attack,
were shot - which seems very suspicious. By order of Stalin
some objects bearing the name of Gregory were subsequently renamed
Konstantinovich - the city of Ordzhonikidze and others. After that, until the death of Stalin, the name
Ordzhonikidze has never been appropriated anywhere.
On this basis, two versions later arose: about suicide and about murder by
Stalin's order. The official cause of death is a heart attack. Death came 18
February 1937. The urn with the ashes of Ordzhonikidze was buried near the Kremlin wall on
Red Square in Moscow.
Currently, versions of both suicide and heart attack are disputed. But
accurate data, not that Ordzhonikidze was shot, or even that he
shot, not available. See Shatunovskaya: Death of Ordzhonikidze. The memoirs of Nikolai Bukharin's wife describe
episode when, on the day of his “suicide,” Bukharin met by chance on the square in
Kremlin Ordzhonikidze, who was heading to Stalin for a conversation. According to Bukharin,
told later to his wife, Ordzhonikidze was at the moment of this meeting with him in high spirits.
mood and determined. Versions that Ordzhonikidze was shot
during this conversation in Stalin's office by the head of his personal guard,
groundless.
In 1937, the older brother of Ordzhonikidze, Papulia, was arrested and shot,
who recommended Sergo to the party. In 1938, Ordzhonikidze's wife, Zinaida
Gavrilovna Pavlutskaya - sentenced to ten years in prison. Also in 1938
In the same year, another brother of Ordzhonikidze, Ivan and his wife, were convicted. In 1941 was
the third brother, Konstantin, was arrested. A nephew was also repressed
Ordzhonikidze Georgiy Gvakharia, director of the Makeevka Metallurgical Plant.
Soon the persons who drew up the act of Ordzhonikidze's death from
"paralysis of the heart": G. Kaminsky, I. Khodorovsky (head of the medical and sanitary
Department of the Kremlin), Dr. L. Levin (professor-adviser of the Kremlin
hospitals).
In the Soviet Union, a number of objects were named after Ordzhonikidze, in particular,
settlements (see Vladikavkaz, Enakievo, Ordzhonikidzevskaya). In the 1940s
Stalin took measures to cancel the perpetuation of the memory of Ordzhonikidze: Enakievo was
the historical name was returned (1943), and in 1944 Ordzhonikidze (former
Vladikavkaz) received the Ossetian name Dzaudzhikau. One year after death
Stalin, this city was named again Ordzhonikidze (1954), and after 1990
called Dzaudzhikau in Ossetian and Vladikavkaz in Russian.
Criticism of Ordzhonikidze
Ordzhonikidze: “If at least one Cossack in
one village, the whole village will be responsible: up to the execution, up to
destruction." Documents of this kind are evidence of the genocide.
“Member of the Revolutionary Military Council of Kafront comrade. Ordzhonikidze ordered: the first - the village of Kalinovskaya
burn; the second - the villages of Ermolovskaya, Zakan-Yurtovskaya, Samashkinskaya,
Mikhailovskaya - to give: always former subjects of Soviet power to the mountainous
Chechens. Why the entire male population of the above villages from 18 to 50 years
loaded into trains and sent under escort to the North for serious forced
work, old people, women and children to be evicted from the villages, allowing them to move to
farms and villages to the North.
Command of the Nadterechnaya Line to appoint a commission under the command of Skudra
chairmanship of the command staff of the group of troops comrade. Gegechkori consisting of two members, each
at its discretion, which: to evict the entire population.
See Death of Ordzhonikidze
Links:
1. Lily Lungina: school and "rejection of the Soviet system"
2. Gvakharia George
3. Ordzhonikidze Ivan
4. Creation of the material and technical base of aviation of the USSR 1929-1933
5. KB-22 Bolkhovitinov: work on the DB-A long-range bomber
6. Aviatrust
7. Mitkevich becomes a director, dissatisfaction of the "working elite"
8. Alksnis Yakov Ivanovich (1897-1938)
9. Pavlutskaya (Ordzhonikidze by her husband) Zinaida Gavrilovna
10. SB (ANT-40) aircraft, high-speed bomber
11. First Main Directorate of the Supreme Economic Council, 1931
12. Gorbunov Sergey Petrovich
13. Ordzhonikidze Konstantin
14. Soviet aviation 1929-1937: losses from repressions
15. KB-22, or KB Bolkhovitinov - the last case of Mitkevich
16. Life of the Alliluyevs at Stalin's dacha (Zubalovo)
17. Alliluyeva Nadezhda Sergeevna (1901-1932)
18. Correspondence between Stalin and N. Alliluyeva in 1928-1931
19. Mirzoyan Levon Isaevich
20. Ordzhonikidze Eteri Grigorievna (1923)
21. Redensa S.F. at the end of 1928 they were sent to Transcaucasia
22. Uralmash - "Father of factories"
23. "Fifth point" of the Soviet questionnaire (nationality, 5th point)
24. Brackman's book explains a lot
25. Managers of plant 47 accused Yakovlev of wrecking
26. Rozhansky D.A. on the loose 1931
27. Rozhansky D.A.: arrest and prison 1930
28. Avtorkhanov: The case of "doctors-pests", 1953
29. Mints Alexander Lvovich 1895-1975: Brief biography
30. Atarbekov Georgy Alexandrovich (1892-1925)
31. Gorky's first return
32 (Bulgakov and Stalin)
33. "Miracle of Mandelstam" - not shot, but only exiled
34. Beria L.P. and repression in Georgia
35. Beria L.P. and scientists, sharashkas
36. Sergo Beria about his father and family lifestyle
37. The role of Beria L.P. in the Menshevik uprising in Georgia, 1924
38. "The case of doctors" and L.P. Beria
39. People's Commissars of the NKVD, the predecessors of Beria L.P.
40. Bartini reached the speed on the "Steel-6", which the Air Force received only in the 40s
41.
Even the widow of the legendary people's commissar was confused in versions, talking about murder, then about suicide
On February 18, 1937, a few days before the opening of the Plenum of the Central Committee, after which the period of the Great Terror began in the USSR, he died suddenly Grigory Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze. The person whom Lenin called a personal friend, and fellow party members - "the ram of the revolution" and "Stalin's donkey." His death was so mysterious that it still causes gossip and rumors.
"Heart failed"
WikipediaA few months before his death, in October 1936, Grigory Ordzhonikidze, at that time the people's commissar of heavy industry, whom the whole country knew as Sergo(party nickname) or Sergei celebrated its 50th anniversary. Together with the closest colleague Stalin the whole country celebrated it, reports and greetings were sent. Reports were read out, streets were renamed. But by the end of 1936, clouds began to gather over his head, and there were arrests in the People's Commissariat.
Even during the celebration, he learned about the arrest of his older brother. As Ordzhonikidze himself suspected, Stalin had ceased to trust him. He assumed that it was intrigues Beria. Even shared his assumptions with Mikoyan, lamenting that he did not fully understand why he had lost the trust of the leader.
Ordzhonikidze failed to understand this whole situation - on February 18, 1937 he died.
According to documents and eyewitness accounts, scientists reconstructed the days of February 17 and 18, 37th - as Ordzhonikidze spent them. From three o'clock in the afternoon the people's commissar of heavy industry was at a meeting of the Politburo. There, until late in the evening, the resolutions that were planned to be submitted for discussion at the Plenum of the Central Committee on February 20 were discussed. After that, Sergo went to his People's Commissariat to clarify all the details on the report at the Plenum, because he had to expose the "saboteurs" in heavy industry.
There is a version that while he was at work, a search was carried out in his official Kremlin apartment. Sergo found out about this and called Joseph Stalin with indignation. To which the general secretary assured his revolutionary comrade, whom he met in a Baku prison in 1907, that nothing special had happened and that he himself could be searched.
On the day of his death, February 18, in the morning the people's commissar again went to Stalin. They met without witnesses. And upon returning to his home, Ordzhonikidze spoke with the leader on the phone. The conversation turned to shouting, as well as swearing, including in Georgian.
The next day, the newspapers wrote that Sergo Ordzhonikidze had died on February 18 at 17:30. The revolutionary died during a daytime sleep in his apartment from a sudden paralysis of the heart (heart attack). Stalin also spoke about Ordzhonikidze's heart condition at the Plenum of the Central Committee postponed for several days due to mourning.
There was something to hide
According to eyewitnesses of those events, Ordzhonikidze's apartment was put in order and wiped from fingerprints for 40 minutes, the body of the deceased had not yet been taken out. Later, Sergo's wife, Zinaida Gavrilovna, recalled that Stalin, before leaving their house, hissed that she should not talk about the details of her husband's death, that the official version would be enough for everyone. And he threatened: "If anything, you know me."
Naturally, the woman did not tell anyone anything, but this did not save her from repression. A year after the death of her husband, she was arrested and sentenced to 10 years in the camps. Two younger brothers of Ordzhonikidze with their wives and their nephew were also arrested, and the older brother was shot. All those who signed the medical report on the death of Sergo died as traitors and conspirators.
And only in 1956 at the XX Congress of the Central Committee of the CPSU Nikita Khrushchev for the first time he spoke about the suicide of Ordzhonikidze, his persecution by Beria and the destruction of the entire family of the people's commissar.
Version of the wife Zinaida Gavrilovna
Wife Sergo was silent for a long time about that terrible day, and then described in detail the events that took place in the Kremlin apartment. According to the woman, on February 18, Grigory Konstantinovich lay in his bed for a long time and did not want to get up. Zinaida Gavrilovna called him to the table, but her husband refused.
A close family friend came to visit. And he suggested that the worried wife first set the table, and then inform about the dear guest. According to Georgian traditions, Sergo had to come out and show respect to the person who came.
Zinaida Gavrilovna did just that. But when she approached her husband's bedroom, she heard a shot. Ordzhonikidze shot himself in the heart. There was also mention of a farewell letter that was on the chest of drawers. And what is there, allegedly, Grigory Konstantinovich wrote his thoughts about the leadership of the country and Stalin's policy.
But no one had time to read the suicide note, not even the wife of the deceased. And whether she really was - is unknown.
And Zinaida Gavrilovna told other people that her husband had been shot dead. The woman claimed that a stranger came to their apartment and asked Ordzhonikidze to personally hand over a folder with documents for the Plenum. A few minutes after the man entered Grigory Konstantinovich, a shot rang out.
The widow also said that on that day her husband and Stalin had a very sharp conversation in Georgian.
They also said that Ordzhonikidze was killed right in Stalin's office during an audience and poisoned at home. But no evidence of these assumptions was found. For some reason, the widow of a party leader told some about suicide, others about murder - maybe she was afraid of Stalin's threats until the end of her life.
If a friend was suddenly
But party comrades who knew Ordzhonikidze closely, for example, Nikolai Bukharin, claimed that on the day of Sergo's death, on the contrary, he was energetic and in high spirits. However, it is easy to imagine what would have happened to the person who, after the revolution and the Civil War, brought the country to a leading position in terms of economic development and electricity production, after the Plenum. Even after his death, Stalin sharply criticized his former friend, accused him of supporting people who had "deceived the trust", and cracked down on his family and colleagues in the service.
Once upon a time, Grigory Ordzhonikidze was called “Direct” in the tsarist secret police because he always spoke the truth and what he thinks. Such a person was not pleasing to the authorities, which destroy smart, fair and dissident people.
Grigory Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze (party pseudonym Sergo) was born on October 24 (October 12 according to the old style) in 1886 in the village of Goresh, Kutaisi province (now Imereti, Georgia).
In 1901-1905 he studied at the medical assistant's school in Tbilisi, participated in the social democratic circle.
In 1905-1907 he was an active participant in the revolutionary movement in Transcaucasia. In December 1905, he was arrested while organizing the delivery of weapons for revolutionary detachments, in May 1906 he was released on bail and emigrated to Germany in August.
In January 1907 he returned to Russia, conducted party work in Baku, was a member of the Baku Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP).
In April 1912 he was arrested again, in October he was sentenced to three years of hard labor and an eternal settlement in Siberia. In 1912-1915 he was in the Shlisselburg hard labor prison, then exiled to Yakutia.
In June 1917, Ordzhonikidze returned to Petrograd (formerly St. Petersburg), was introduced to the Petrograd Committee of the RSDLP (Bolsheviks) and to the executive committee of the Petrograd Soviet. Fulfilling the instructions of the Central Committee of the party, he worked in June-August in Petrograd, in September-October - in Transcaucasia. Returning to Petrograd, he took an active part in the October Revolution.
In December 1917 he was appointed Extraordinary Commissar of Ukraine, in April 1918 - Temporary Extraordinary Commissar of the Southern District.
During the Civil War (1918-1920) - political leader in the Red Army. In 1918 he was a member of the Central Executive Committee of the Don Republic, one of the organizers of the defense of Tsaritsyn (now Volgograd), chairman of the Defense Council of the North Caucasus. In 1919, he was a member of the Revolutionary Council (RVS) of the 16th Army of the Western Front, then of the 14th Army of the Southern Front, one of the leaders of the defeat of Denikin's troops near Orel, the liberation of Donbass, Kharkov, Left-Bank Ukraine.
In 1920-1921 he was a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Caucasian Front.
In February 1920, he was chairman of the Bureau for the Restoration of Soviet Power in the North Caucasus. Since April 1920, he headed the Caucasian Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP (b).
From February 1922 to September 1926 he was the first secretary of the Transcaucasian regional committee of the party, the first secretary of the North Caucasian regional committee of the CPSU (b).
In 1924-1927 he was a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR.
In 1926-1930 he was chairman of the Central Control Commission of the CPSU (b) and People's Commissar of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspection (RKI), deputy chairman of the Council of People's Commissars and the Council of Labor and Defense of the USSR.
In November 1930, he was appointed chairman of the Supreme Council of the National Economy (VSNKh).
Since 1932 - People's Commissar of Heavy Industry of the USSR.
Ordzhonikidze became one of the main organizers of industrialization in the USSR. He managed to mobilize the country's resources to create powerful industrial enterprises. He made a great contribution to the creation and development of the aviation industry, research institutes, and a network of aviation universities. Participated in the creation of Soviet defense societies (Aviakhim, Osoaviakhim), in the organization of flights.
Ordzhonikidze was awarded the Orders of Lenin, the Red Banner of the RSFSR, the Red Banner of Labor.
The word "Ordzhonikidze" to a modern Russian-speaking person, if known, is most often due to the fact that the city of Vladikavkaz bore this name in the Soviet years. Few people know about the name in whose honor this one of the largest cities in the Caucasus was named. Meanwhile, Grigory Ordzhonikidze, who went down in history under the party nickname "Sergo", is notable not only for his eventful life, but also for his mysterious death.
From a Georgian village to the leaders of the largest state in the world
Grigory Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze was born in 1886 into a noble family in a village in western Georgia. Already at the age of 17, he chose his life path, becoming a member of the RSDLP, that is, a Bolshevik. For the first time he was briefly arrested in 1904, after which he became an active participant in the revolution of 1905, up to participation in revolutionary combat units. As a result, he was repeatedly arrested. During one of the arrests, in 1907 in the Baku prison, he met Joseph Dzhugashvili (Stalin), with whom he maintained close friendships for life. In 1909, Ordzhonikidze was sent into exile in a Siberian village (present-day Krasnoyarsk Territory), from where he escaped two years later and managed to get to France.
Abroad, he passed a kind of "revolutionary training courses" conducted by Lenin, after which he returned to continue his activities in Russia. Here he was arrested and spent three years in captivity in the Shlisselburg fortress, then sent into exile in Yakutsk. In 1917, under a political amnesty, Ordzhonikidze returned from exile and immediately joined the revolutionary political struggle. He became one of the most prominent figures in the Soviet party government, since 1921 being a member of the Central Committee of the party. He held a number of responsible state and party posts, among which the positions of People's Commissar of Heavy Industry and Chairman of the Supreme Council of the National Economy (VSNKh) stand out. Ordzhonikidze was one of the generally recognized party and state leaders. He died suddenly on February 18, 1937.
A heart attack is a common death for a statesman
Actually, it is precisely the circumstances of the death of Sergo Ordzhonikidze that make him one of the most remarkable among the Soviet party leadership. The official version, published in the Soviet central press, said that Ordzhonikidze died of a heart attack (in the words of that time - from heart paralysis). The time of death was announced at 17:30 Moscow time, the place was the official apartment of the Ordzhonikidze family in the Kremlin.
The newspapers published a medical report on death, according to which Grigory Ordzhonikidze complained about his heart during the last years of his life. According to the doctors, Ordzhonikidze suffered from arteriosclerosis with severe sclerotic changes in the heart muscle and blood vessels. In addition, in the last two years of his life, he complained of occasional attacks of angina pectoris. On the last day there were no health complaints, and death occurred during an acute heart attack during daytime rest.
Suicide or Murder?
A heart attack - such a natural version of the death of Sergo Ordzhonikidze was generally accepted and did not cause any complaints for a long time. But after the fall of the Soviet system and in the wake of numerous historical revelations of the true nature of the Stalinist regime, Ordzhonikidze also got into the zone of attention of modern sensation lovers. It seemed to many not accidental that Ordzhonikidze's death occurred at the beginning of 1937, during the period of preparation by Stalin 
and his entourage of the Great Terror.
Historians have found that in the last years and months of his life, Ordzhonikidze constantly expressed, albeit in a mild form, to Stalin dissatisfaction with the increase in repression. He believed that, contrary to the unfolding official propaganda about numerous spies and wreckers, the problems in industrialization were due to internal objective reasons. It is known that at the February-March plenum of the Central Committee, Ordzhonikidze was supposed to make a report on the issue of sabotage in heavy industry. Supporters of the version of the violent death of Ordzhonikidze believe that he was killed on the orders of Stalin, since Sergo intended to publicly declare that sabotage does not play a big role and thereby resist the emerging terror.
However, at the moment there is no real evidence of the murder of Ordzhonikidze, except for logical conclusions according to the classical principle “look for someone who benefits”. The version of Sergo's suicide is being discussed more actively, the reason for which was disagreement with the party-state reforms, with the repressions of the old Bolsheviks and the inability to influence the situation.
There are memoirs of a journalist and a victim of Stalinist repressions, Olga Shatunovskaya, in which she conveys the content of her conversation with Ordzhonikidze's widow, Zinaida Gavrilovna.
Ordzhonikidze's wife allegedly said that Sergo spent the whole day in bed on the day of his death, occasionally getting up to the table and writing down something. In the evening one of his close friends came, and his wife went to call Ordzhonikidze to the table. The moment she turned on the light, a shot rang out in the next room. Sergo Ordzhonikidze shot himself in the heart with a revolver. By direct order of Stalin, this fact was hidden and presented as death from a heart attack. However, it is noteworthy that there is no other evidence of the violent causes of Ordzhonikidze's death, except for Shatunovskaya's memoirs.
Alexander Babitsky
Paramedic propagandist
Of the entire "old Leninist cohort", Ordzhonikidze was the only doctor. Two years of a parochial school and four years of a medical assistant's were his formal education. You can't call him a bad doctor, though. Sergo worked in full accordance with the Hippocratic Oath. Even during the Yakut exile, in the far north, he honestly performed his medical duty. Don't forget about propaganda. While still working as a paramedic in Georgia, Ordzhonikidze printed and distributed "recipes" for overthrowing the government.
XIV party conference, April 1925 Grigory Ordzhonikidze, far right
"Straight"
For inflexibility, the gendarmes called Sergo "straight"
As already mentioned, Ordzhonikidze was called "Direct" in the gendarmerie reports. His inflexibility and devotion to ideas can be envied. Sergo fled from exile, in the Shlisselburg prison, which undermined his health, he independently learned the German language. One of the most implacable opponents of the monarchy, Ordzhonikidze always climbed on the rampage, fighting the system.
One who solves problems
If Ordzhonikidze lived in our time, he would be called an effective crisis manager. The party always sent him to the forefront of the class struggle: he participated in the Iranian revolution, was the extraordinary commissar for Ukraine, led the revolution in the Caucasus. Even engaged in the deportation of the Terek Cossacks. Stalin warned his comrade: "Sergo, they will slaughter you." They didn't kill him, although Ordzhonikidze's methods, to put it mildly, did not recognize half-measures. His faith in revolution and communism was unshakable. This was visible to people, so they followed him.
Conflict with countrymen - "nationalists"
Ordzhonikidze was one of those who participated in the creation of the Soviet Union. Lenin was afraid of chauvinism and national strife, therefore he was opposed to the formation of a new state under the auspices of Russia. On October 20, 1922, a scandal erupted between Ordzhonikidze and the Georgian leaders. A member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) Kabakhidze insulted Ordzhonikidze, calling him "Stalin's donkey", for which he received in the face.
Grigory Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze
The conflict had to be sorted out by the Central Committee of the RCP (b). Lenin, who was ill in October 1922, could not intervene in the conflict, and Stalin appointed a commission to Georgia headed by Felix Dzerzhinsky, who supported Ordzhonikidze and condemned the Georgian "nationalists". In December 1922, Lenin nevertheless intervened in the Georgian conflict and even offered to expel Ordzhonikidze from the party for assault, but Lenin was “no longer the same” and the order was not carried out.
Relationship with Stalin
Ordzhonikidze and Stalin were "on you"
Grigory Ordzhonikidze is one of the few who communicated with Stalin “on you”. They met in 1907 in cell No. 3 of the Bayil prison in Baku. Since then, they've been almost friends. This is evidenced by the fact that after the suicide of Nadezhda Alliluyeva, it was Ordzhonikidze, together with Kirov, who, as close friends, spent the night in Stalin's house. Ordzhonikidze was loyal to Stalin even during the confrontation with the old party members. However, their relationship seriously deteriorated in the early 1930s. First, Stalin began hunting for Ordzhonikidze's henchmen, then Beria, whom Sergo, to put it mildly, disliked, began to claim the first role in the Transcaucasian party organization. The conflict came to a close in 1936, when Grigory Ordzhonikidze's older brother, Papulia, was arrested. Sergo received news of this in Kislovodsk in 1936, on his fiftieth birthday. Because of the news that caused offense, he did not go to the celebrations arranged in his honor.
On the 50th birthday of Joseph Stalin, December 21, 1929. G. K. Ordzhonikidze third from left
Mikoyan recalled how, a few days before his death, Ordzhonikidze shared his anxieties with him: “I don’t understand why Stalin doesn’t trust me. I am absolutely faithful to him, I don’t want to fight him, I want to support him, but he doesn’t trust me. Here the intrigues of Beria play a big role, who gives Stalin incorrect information, and Stalin believes him. An interesting fact: after the war, Stalin was given for approval a list of prominent party leaders, in honor of whom it was planned to erect monuments in Moscow. The leader crossed out only one surname from the entire list - Ordzhonikidze.
"Heavy Industry Commander"
Ordzhonikidze was the strongest organizer. He was called the commander of the heavy industry. Grigory Ordzhonikidze quickly raised the industry of the Soviet Union, fought against the bureaucracy, and was at the head of the "great construction projects." In terms of gross industrial output, the USSR already in 1932 took second place in the world and first place in Europe. From the fifteenth place in the world and from the seventh in Europe in terms of electricity, the USSR in 1935, respectively, came in third and second place. Ordzhonikidze did everything possible to stop the country from buying tractors and other equipment abroad. People who proudly pronounce the words that Stalin took over the country with a plow, and left it with atomic weapons, should remember that a huge merit in this belongs to Grigory Ordzhonikidze.
Ordzhonikidze with Kirov at the Leningrad plant
Death
The official version of the death of Ordzhonikidze, voiced by Stalin: "The heart could not stand it." According to this version, Ordzhonikidze suddenly died of heart failure during daytime sleep. Two facts are confusing in this version: firstly, soon everyone who signed this statement was shot, and secondly, Ordzhonikidze’s wife told how Stalin, leaving the apartment of the deceased, rudely warned her: “Not a word to anyone about the details of Sergo’s death, nothing but an official report, you know me…” In addition to the official version, there are three more: poisoning, murder, suicide.
All versions have the right to exist, but none has yet been recognized. The body of Ordzhonikidze was cremated, so it is impossible to perform an autopsy, which means we will never know the exact information.
