The history of a country or its individual region is worth studying largely through the history of its settlements. The cities of Ingushetia combine national motifs and modern architectural designs. It is worth visiting this republic to appreciate the beauty of its cities and understand why they reflect the entire life of this region.
Ingushetia is the “youngest” republic of the Caucasus
The Republic of Ingushetia is located in the northern part of the Greater Caucasus Range. Its borders are adjacent to, North Ossetia and. Despite the fact that it is considered the smallest Russian region in terms of area, it is original and can be proud of its history. And Ingush cities are an integral part of it.
The republic was formed only in 1992. But this does not mean that the territory was empty before. Moreover, people already lived here in the 1st millennium BC. Archaeologists called this culture Koban, after the name of the village in which excavations were carried out and interesting evidence of the residence of an entire people was discovered.
During the Middle Ages, local tribes united and began to be called Dzurdzuks. Even after Islam penetrated the Caucasus and the era of Islamic culture began, on the territory of the future republic people lived according to pagan laws and customs. The Ingush themselves settled mostly in the mountains, and their return to the plains began only in the 16th century. At that time, cities as such did not exist - there were scattered settlements.
- Nazran.
The oldest and one of the largest cities in the region in terms of population. There are more than 113 thousand people here, which is a record for the republic. Nazran was founded in 1781 as a Russian fortification. Later, a settlement was located next to it, a school for children appeared, and at the end of the 19th century a railway station was built. Before the decision was made to give Magas capital status, the capital of the region was located in Nazran. Currently, there are several industrial enterprises operating here, and there is a developed infrastructure.
- Karabulak.
It is located on the left bank of the Sunzha River. The name itself is translated from Turkic as “black spring”; the city is the second most populous in the republic - approximately 40 thousand residents live here. Karabulak cannot be called a young city; it was founded in 1859 as a Cossack village.
This fact once again proves how intricately intertwined the ties between Russia and Russia were. By the way, Karabulak became a city of republican significance in 1995, before which it was considered a village. Before perestroika, both Ingush and Russians lived here in approximately equal proportions. However, after ethnic clashes began in 1991, the Russian indigenous population began to leave the city. Today, almost 98% of Karabulak are Ingush.
- Sunzha.
This settlement was founded in 1845 by the Cossacks during. Initially it was the village of Sunzhenskaya, during the war in 1852 it was named after Major General N.P. Sleptsov, later in 1939 it was renamed Ordzhonikidzevskaya. In 2015, it was renamed Sunzha with the status of an “urban-type settlement”, and in 2016 it became a city.
Thus, it is the newest city. The population is about 65 thousand people who work at several enterprises in the city. By the way, it was in Sunzha that the Ingush State University was opened; now only a few small buildings remain there, the rest have been moved to Magas. Among the industrial enterprises, a creamery and cheese factory is located here.
- Malgobek.
Until the 30s of the twentieth century, it was a small village of Voznesenskoye (the name also indicates its Russian origin). However, after oil deposits were discovered in the surrounding area, the area began to be actively populated and developed. First, Voznesenskoye was renamed the village of Malgobek, and in 1939 it received the status of a city.
Malgobek is quite young, the people who started building it are still alive. Since the city arose thanks to oil development, the city-forming enterprise is an oil concern. Today Malgobek continues to expand and has a great future. In 2007 it received the honorary title “City of Military Glory”.
Sights of the region
Ingushetia is a fairly young republic, which is confirmed by the history of its cities. However, this land is ancient and people lived here centuries ago. If you drive through villages and cities, you can see a lot of interesting things.
For example, near Magas there is “Acham-Boarz” - a settlement where tourists try to go on excursions. Here, in the capital, the tallest Ingush building is located.
And in Nazran a Memorial of Memory and Glory was erected. It was erected in due time so that residents and guests of the republic would remember the heroes of the wars in which Russia was forced to take part, and the people who fell victims of the repressions of 1944. In addition, on the territory of the city there is the Borga-Kash mausoleum, built in the 15th century, and you can also see an ancient Russian fortress.
Those who come to Karabulak can visit the Republican Museum of Fine Arts. In the same city there is a church of the icon of the Kazan Mother of God - this is one of the Orthodox churches that exist in very small numbers in Ingushetia. But the main decoration of the cities of Ingushetia is, of course. It is precisely this that serves as the background against which all five cities become a real necklace of a young, but such a promising region.
Nazran is located in the west of the Republic of Ingushetia, is its largest city and the capital of the Nazran region. The area of the city is 80 km².
The city was founded in 1781. The first mention dates back to 1810, as about the Nazran redoubt. In 1817 and 1832, the redoubt was strengthened and rebuilt. In 1841, the fortress successfully resisted Shamil's attack. 27 years later, the first secular educational institution in Ingushetia was built, and in 1894 a railway was built.
When the deportation of the Ingush and Chechens took place in 1944, Nazran became part of the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and was given the name Costa-Khetagurovo. When the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic reappeared, in 1957 Costa-Khetagurovo again became Nazran. And 10 years later Nazran became a city. Until 2000, it was the capital of Ingushetia, after which the capital’s functions were transferred to the city of Magas, which was built for this purpose, which is located four kilometers from Nazran.
Districts of Nazran
The city is divided into four administrative districts: Altievsky, Gamurzievsky, Nasyr-Kortsky and Central.
Population of Nazran for 2018 and 2019. Number of residents of Nazran
Data on the number of city residents are taken from the Federal State Statistics Service. The official website of the Rosstat service is www.gks.ru. The data was also taken from the unified interdepartmental information and statistical system, the official website of EMISS www.fedstat.ru. The website publishes data on the number of residents of Nazran. The table shows the distribution of the number of residents of Nazran by year; the graph below shows the demographic trend in different years.
Nazran population change chart:
The total population in 2014 was approximately 105.8 thousand, and the density was 1322.79 people/km². In terms of population, the city then took 157th place among Russian cities. As of 2010, the following peoples lived in Nazran: Ingush (98.8%), Chechens (0.4%), Russians (0.2%). The share of other nationalities is 0.6%.
Ethnic burial name: Nazranite, Nazranites.
Nazran photo of the city. Photo of Nazran
Information about the city of Nazran on Wikipedia.
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population of Ingushetia, population of Ingushetia TV
The population of the republic according to Rosstat is 463 893
people (2015). Population density - 127,86
people/km2 (2015). Urban population - 40,74
% (2015).
- 1 Population
- 2 Statistics
- 3 Life expectancy (years)
- 4 Resettlement
- 5 National composition
- 6 General map
- 7 Notes
Population
| Population | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1926 | 1959 | 1970 | 1979 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 |
| 75 133 | ↗710 424 | ↗1 064 471 | ↗1 153 450 | ↗1 275 513 | ↘189 340 | ↗192 642 | ↗194 105 | ↗195 821 | ↘194 171 |
| 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 |
| ↗263 092 | ↗282 342 | ↗291 209 | ↗296 294 | ↗301 745 | ↗340 028 | ↗445 443 | ↗467 294 | ↗468 773 | ↗475 645 |
| 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 |
| ↗481 565 | ↗486 970 | ↗492 669 | ↗499 502 | ↗508 090 | ↘412 529 | ↗414 524 | ↗430 495 | ↗442 255 | ↗453 010 |
| 2015 | |||||||||
| ↗463 893 | |||||||||
250 000 500 000 750 000 1 000 000 1 250 000 1 500 000 1926 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Note. 1936-1944 and 1957-1989 - data for Checheno-Ingushetia
| Fertility (number of births per 1000 population) (1936-1944 and 1857-1991 - including data for the Chechen Republic) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 |
| 21,1 | ↘20,3 | ↗20,9 | ↗25,1 | ↘24,6 | ↘23,8 | ↘19,7 | ↘19,5 | ↘18,8 |
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
| ↘16,4 | ↗17,8 | ↗18,9 | ↘16,1 | ↘14,9 | ↘14,2 | ↘14,0 | ↗15,1 | ↗16,7 |
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | ||
| ↗18,3 | ↗18,7 | ↗27,3 | ↘25,9 | ↘22,6 | ↘21,4 | ↘20,7 | ||
| Mortality (number of deaths per 1000 population) (1936-1944 and 1857-1991 - including data for the Chechen Republic) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 |
| 5,7 | ↗5,8 | ↗6,6 | ↗8,3 | ↗8,5 | ↘6,4 | ↗6,5 | ↘6,3 | ↗6,5 | ↘4,8 |
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
| ↘4,5 | ↘4,0 | ↗4,0 | ↘3,8 | ↘3,7 | ↗3,8 | ↘3,7 | ↘3,3 | ↘3,1 | ↗3,7 |
| 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | |||||
| ↗4,5 | ↘4,1 | ↘3,7 | ↘3,5 | ↗3,5 | |||||
| Natural population growth (per 1000 population, the sign (-) means natural population decline) (1936-1944 and 1857-1991 - including data for the Chechen Republic) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 |
| 15,4 | ↘14,5 | ↘14,3 | ↗16,8 | ↘16,1 | ↗17,4 | ↘13,2 | ↗13,2 | ↘12,3 |
| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 |
| ↘11,6 | ↗13,3 | ↗14,9 | ↘12,1 | ↘11,1 | ↘10,5 | ↘10,2 | ↗11,4 | ↗13,4 |
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | ||
| ↗15,2 | ↘15,0 | ↗22,8 | ↘21,8 | ↘18,9 | ↘17,9 | ↘17,2 | ||
| at birth (number of years) (1936-1944 and 1857-1991 - including data for the Chechen Republic) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 |
| 69,7 | ↗69,8 | ↗70,4 | ↘68,8 | ↗68,8 | ↗69,5 | ↘67,9 | ↗70,2 | ↗72,0 |
| 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 |
| ↗74,8 | ↘74,4 | ↗74,8 | ↗75,9 | ↘75,6 | ↗76,0 | ↗79,0 | ↗80,1 | ↘78,3 |
| 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | |||||
| ↘74,7 | ↗76,3 | ↗77,8 | ↗78,8 | |||||
Statistics
According to State Statistics Committee
- Population density - 147.7 people/km²;
- Urban population - 198 thousand people;
- Men - 93,915 thousand people;
- Women - 104,581 thousand people;
- Rural population - 269 thousand people;
- Men - 124,279 thousand people;
- Women - 144,519 thousand people;
- The share of the urban population is 42.5%;
- The share of the rural population is 57.5%.
Life expectancy (years)
According to State Statistics Committee
- Average age - 22.2
- Urban population - 22.4;
- Rural population - 22.1;
- Men - 21.4;
- Women - 22.9;
Settlement
Ethnic map of IngushetiaMore than half the population lives in rural areas and only 42.5% live in cities. Almost 3/4 of the population lives in the Sunzha Valley, which makes up only 10% of the area of the entire republic. The remaining 15% of the population lives in the Alkhanchurt valley, and 5% in the Achaluka valley.
The remaining 85% of the republic’s territory is home to less than 5% of its population.
National composition
The majority of the population are Ingush - 93.5% of the population. The second largest ethnic group are Chechens - 4.6% of the population. The third ethnic group is Russians - 0.8% (the smallest share of the Russian population in Russia). Other ethnic groups make up less than 0.5% of the population.
The Ingush are settled throughout the republic. Chechens live compactly in Nazran, as well as in the Sunzha and Malgobek regions. Russians live in the villages of Ordzhonikidzevskaya, Troitskaya, Nesterovskaya and Voznesenskaya, as well as in large cities. The remaining ethnic groups do not have a clear area of residence.
The table shows nations of more than 1000 people:
| People | Number 2002, people |
% | Number 2010, people |
% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ingush | 361057 | 77,27 % | 385537 | 93,46 % |
| Chechens | 95403 | 20,42 % | 18761 | 4,55 % |
| Russians | 5559 | 1,19 % | 3215 | 0,78 % |
| Turks | 903 | 0,19 % | 732 | 0,18 % |
| Kumyks | 136 | 0,03 % | 118 | 0,03 % |
| Kistins | … | … | 113 | 0,03 % |
| Avars | 102 | 0,02 % | 101 | 0,02 % |
| Georgians | 323 | 0,07 % | 100 | 0,02 % |
| Ukrainians | 189 | 0,04 % | 91 | 0,02 % |
| Azerbaijanis | 123 | 0,03 % | 83 | 0,02 % |
| Gypsies | 44 | 0,01 % | 75 | 0,02 % |
| Ossetians | 106 | 0,02 % | 74 | 0,02 % |
| other | 3087 | 0,66 % | 632 | 0,15 % |
| not specified | 262 | 0,06 % | 2897 | 0,70 % |
| Total | 467294 | 100,00 % | 412529 | 100,00 % |
General Map
Map legend (when you hover over the marker, the real population is displayed):
North Ossetia Georgia Chechnya Nazran Ordzhonikidzevskaya Karabulak Malgobek Nesterovskaya Troitskaya Ekazhevo Kantyshevo Plievo Surkhakhi Badgers Sagopshi Yandare Upper Achaluki Galashki Dolakovo Inarki Ali-Yurt Magas Middle Achaluki Zyazikov-Yurt Lower Achaluki New Redant Psedah Alhasty Muzhichi Dzheirakh Populated areas of IngushetiaNotes
- 1 2 Resident population estimates as of January 1, 2015 and 2014 average (published March 17, 2015). Retrieved March 18, 2015. Archived from the original on March 18, 2015.
- Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2015 and average for 2014 (published March 17, 2015)
- All-Union Population Census of 1926. M.: Publication of the Central Statistical Office of the USSR, 1928. Volume 9. Table I. Populated areas. Available urban and rural population. Retrieved February 7, 2015. Archived from the original on February 7, 2015.
- All-Union Population Census of 1959. Retrieved October 10, 2013. Archived from the original on October 10, 2013.
- All-Union population census of 1970. The actual population of cities, urban-type settlements, districts and regional centers of the USSR according to census data as of January 15, 1970 for republics, territories and regions. Retrieved October 14, 2013. Archived from the original on October 14, 2013.
- All-Union Population Census 1979
- All-Union population census of 1989. Archived from the original on August 23, 2011.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Resident population as of January 1 (persons) 1990-2010
- All-Russian population census 2002. Volume. 1, table 4. Population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements - regional centers and rural settlements with a population of 3 thousand or more. Archived from the original on February 3, 2012.
- 1 2 Population estimate 2010-2013. Retrieved August 23, 2014. Archived from the original on August 23, 2014.
- Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities. Table 35. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2012. Retrieved May 31, 2014. Archived from the original on May 31, 2014.
- Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M.: Federal State Statistics Service Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table 33. Population of urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements). Retrieved November 16, 2013. Archived from the original on November 16, 2013.
- Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2014. Retrieved April 13, 2014. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
- 1 2 3 4
- 1 2 3 4
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
- 1 2 3 4 4.22. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
- 1 2 3 4 4.6. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
- Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2011
- Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2012
- Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2013
- Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2014
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5.13. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by regions of the Russian Federation
- 1 2 3 4 4.22. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
- 1 2 3 4 4.6. Fertility, mortality and natural population growth by constituent entities of the Russian Federation
- Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2011
- Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2012
- Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2013
- Fertility, mortality, natural increase, marriage, divorce rates for January-December 2014
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Life expectancy at birth, years, year, indicator value per year, entire population, both sexes
- 1 2 3 Life expectancy at birth
- 1 2 3 Krasnoslobodtsev V.P. Social atlas of Russian regions. Retrieved December 8, 2009. Archived from the original on August 23, 2011.
- World Geography
- Information materials on the final results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census
- All-Russian population census 2010. Official results with expanded lists by national composition of the population and by region: see.
| The Republic of Ingushetia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Administrative center: Magas Urban districts: Karabulak | Magas | Malgobek | Nazran Articles: Geography | Coat of arms | Anthem | History | Population| Administrative division | Flag |
|||
| Population of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Republic |
Adygea Altai Bashkortostan Buryatia Dagestan Ingushetia Kabardino-Balkaria Kalmykia Karachay-Cherkessia Karelia Komi Crimea Mari El Mordovia Sakha (Yakutia) North Ossetia Tatarstan Tyva Udmurtia Khakassia Chechnya Chuvashia |
|
| The edges |
Altai Transbaikal Kamchatka Krasnodar Krasnoyarsk Perm Primorsky Stavropol Khabarovsk |
|
| Regions |
Amur Arkhangelsk Astrakhan Belgorod Bryansk Vladimir Volgograd Vologda Voronezh Ivanovo Irkutsk Kaliningrad Kaluga Kemerovo Kirov Kostroma Kurgan Kursk Leningrad Lipetsk Magadan Moscow Murmansk Nizhny Novgorod Novgorod Novosibirsk Omsk Orenburg Orel Penza Pskov Rostov Ryazan Sam Arskaya Saratovskaya Sakhalinskaya Sverdlovskaya Smolenskaya Tambovskaya Tver Tomskaya Tula Tyumenskaya Ulyanovskaya Chelyabinskaya Yaroslavlskaya |
|
| Federal cities |
Moscow St. Petersburg Sevastopol |
|
| Autonomous region |
Jewish |
|
| Autonomous okrugs |
Nenets1 Khanty-Mansiysk - Yugra2 Chukotka Yamalo-Nenets2 |
|
|
1 Located on the territory of the Arkhangelsk region 2 Located on the territory of the Tyumen region |
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population of Ingushetia, population of Ingushetia TV
Population of Ingushetia Information About
During the terrorist attack in the city of Beslan, one of the demands of the terrorists who seized the school was the arrival of Murat Zyazikov at the scene of the terrorist attack, to which he refused.
In 2004, armed detachments of militants from the Caucasian Front organization invaded the territory of Ingushetia. Government buildings were attacked in the city of Nazran. After several hours of fighting, the militants retreated, suffering minor losses and capturing two trucks with weapons.
In 2005, Zyazikov was again confirmed by Russian President Vladimir Putin as President of Ingushetia.
Constitution
Constitution of the Republic of Ingushetia
The Constitution is the fundamental law of the Republic of Ingushetia. Adopted by popular vote on February 27, 1994.
People's Assembly
The People's Assembly of the Republic of Ingushetia is the legislative body (parliament) of Ingushetia, consisting of 21 deputies. Elected by universal suffrage. The head of the People's Assembly is the Chairman of the People's Assembly.
According to the Constitution, the jurisdiction of the People's Assembly of the Republic of Ingushetia includes:
1. Adoption of laws of the Republic of Ingushetia;
2. Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Ingushetia, with the exception of Chapter One of this Constitution;
3. Establishing the procedure for holding elections to local government bodies and determining, within the limits of their powers, the procedure for the activities of local government bodies;
4. Establishment of the administrative-territorial structure of the Republic of Ingushetia and the procedure for changing it;
5. Approval of the republican budget and report on its execution;
6. Approval of programs for socio-economic development of the Republic of Ingushetia;
7. Giving consent to the President of the Republic of Ingushetia for the appointment of the Chairman of the Government of the Republic of Ingushetia;
8. Appointment of the Chairman, Deputy Chairman and judges of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Ingushetia;
9. Coordination of candidates for appointment to the positions of chairmen, deputy chairmen and judges of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Ingushetia, the Arbitration Court of the Republic of Ingushetia, district courts;
10. Approval of the conclusion and termination of treaties of the Republic of Ingushetia, as well as agreements on changing the border of the Republic of Ingushetia;
11. Setting the date for the elections of the President of the Republic of Ingushetia and deputies of the People's Assembly of the Republic of Ingushetia;
12. Appointment of half of the members of the Election Commission of the Republic of Ingushetia;
13. Appointment of a referendum of the Republic of Ingushetia in cases and in the manner provided for by the republican constitutional law;
14. Establishment of taxes and fees referred by federal law to the competence of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as the procedure for their collection;
15. Establishment of the procedure for the formation and operation of extra-budgetary and foreign exchange funds of the Republic of Ingushetia, approval of reports on the expenditure of funds from these funds;
16. Establishment of the procedure for managing and disposing of property of the Republic of Ingushetia;
17. Exercise of other powers provided for by federal laws, the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Ingushetia.
Government
Government of the Republic of Ingushetia
The smallest region in Russia is Ingushetia. In addition, it is the youngest subject of the Russian Federation. However, the history of these lands goes back to ancient times. The population of Ingushetia is the subject of our story. The Republic ranks 74th in the Russian Federation in terms of population and differs from other regions in many demographic and socio-economic indicators.
Geographical position
The Republic of Ingushetia is located in the North Caucasus. It borders on Georgia, North Ossetia, the Stavropol Territory and the region is located on the northern side of the Caucasus Range, in the foothills zone. The length of the Caucasus Mountains on the territory of the republic is about 150 km. The relief of Ingushetia is determined by its location; mountainous parts with deep gorges and peaks in the south predominate here; the north of the region is occupied by steppe areas.
The republic has significant reserves of fresh water, its rivers belong to the basin. The largest water artery of Ingushetia is
The soils of the republic are predominantly chernozem, and this makes it possible to grow almost any agricultural crop here.
About 140 thousand hectares of the region are occupied by broad-leaved forests, where valuable tree varieties such as oak, plane tree, and beech grow.
The subsoil of Ingushetia is rich in minerals. There are deposits of marble, oil, gas, and limestone here. The republic is world famous thanks to its mineral waters such as Borjomi.
Climate and ecology
The Republic of Ingushetia is located in a zone of favorable high-mountain continental climate. The weather varies depending on the altitude of the area. Steppe territories are characterized by long, warm summers and short, mild winters. In the highlands, winter lasts longer and can be quite severe. Temperatures in winter average around -3...+6 degrees. In summer the average temperature is from 20 to 30 degrees Celsius. As we can see, the population of Ingushetia lives in very favorable conditions; the nature here is not only beautiful, but also favorable to people.
Since the Caucasus is a fairly old mountain, there is relatively low seismicity here, so the main danger posed by the mountains is avalanches and landslides. The environmental situation in Ingushetia is quite favorable; there are few industrial enterprises here, and therefore there are no large amounts of emissions into the environment. Damage to nature is caused by people, primarily tourists, as well as oil companies. But so far the level of cleanliness of water and air does not cause any particular concern among environmentalists.
Settlement history
People have lived on the territory of Ingushetia since the Paleolithic era. The Ingush are an ancient nation of the Caucasian race. The people were formed from local tribes and numerous ethnic influences. Over many millennia, several significant archaeological cultures existed here. The immediate ancestors of modern Ingush are considered to be representatives of the Koban culture. The tribes living in these territories had several names: dzurdzuketia, sanars, troglodytes. The fertile lands of Ingushetia constantly attracted conquerors, so local peoples had to build fortresses and towers for defense.
But strong neighboring states are gradually pushing the Ingush into the mountains. Only in the 17th century do they manage to return to the plain. At the same time, Islam came to these lands, which gradually became the dominant religion. At the end of the 18th century, Ingushetia became part of the Russian Empire. At the beginning of the 19th century, the Nazran fortress was founded, which was rebuilt by the six largest Ingush families who swore allegiance to the Russian Tsar. In 1860, the Terek Republic was created here, which became the Mountain Republic after 1917. During World War II, the authorities decided to deport the local population due to the growth of gangs. In 1957, the Checheno-Ingush Republic was restored. After the collapse of the USSR, due to difficult processes, the Republic of Ingushetia was formed. At that time, the population of Ingushetia was small, but gradually the people consolidated around their historical territories and began to build their own state.
Population dynamics of Ingushetia
Since 1926, regular calculations of the number of residents of the republic began. At that time, 75 thousand people lived here. As a result of the unification of a large number of territories into a republic in 1959, the population of Ingushetia increased to 710 thousand, and by 1970 it reached one million. In 1989, 1.2 million people lived in the republic. After the collapse of the USSR and gaining independence, the number of residents sharply decreased to 189 thousand people. From this time on, a gradual population growth began; the republic even managed to overcome the crisis years almost without problems. Today the population of Ingushetia is more than 497 thousand people.
Administrative division and population distribution
The republic is divided into 4 districts: Nazran, Sunzhensky, Dzheirakh and Malgobek, and also includes 4 cities of republican subordination: Magas, Karabulak, Nazran and Malgobek. Since the final one has not been determined due to the territorial conflict with North Ossetia and the unconfirmed border with Chechnya, statistics usually indicate an approximate size of 3685 square meters. km. The population density is 114 people per 1 sq. km. The most populated is the Sunzha Valley, where the density reaches 600 people per 1 sq. km. Ingushetia differs from many regions in that more than half of the population lives in villages.
Economy and standard of living
Ingushetia is a region with an underdeveloped economy; large federal subsidies come here, which ensure the stability of the region. Industry is poorly developed in the republic; it is mainly represented by the mining industry. Most of the population works in agriculture and in the public sector. Today, the number of poor people in Ingushetia is growing, as production is declining. The region has adopted a special program to support 5 thousand disabled people and 28 thousand large families. The Republic of Ingushetia, whose population is experiencing difficulties finding employment, has an unemployment rate of 8.7%, which is significant by Russian standards. It is especially difficult for young people with higher education to find work, since the production sector is stagnating.
