Scratch the Russian boyar - you will find a foreigner! Sheremetevs, Morozovs, Velyaminovs...
Velyaminovs
The family originates from Shimon (Simon), the son of the Varangian prince Afrikan. In 1027 he arrived in the army of Yaroslav the Great and converted to Orthodoxy. Shimon Afrikanovich is famous for participating in the battle with the Polovtsians on Alta and did the most for the construction of the Caves church in honor of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary: the precious belt and legacy of his father is a golden crown.
But the Vilyaminovs were known not only for their courage and generosity: a descendant of the family, Ivan Vilyaminov, fled to the Horde in 1375, but was later captured and executed on the Kuchkov field. Despite the betrayal of Ivan Velyaminov, his family did not lose its significance: the last son of Dmitry Donskoy was baptized by Maria, the widow of Vasily Velyaminov, a Moscow thousand.
The following genera stood out from the Velyaminov family: Aksakov, Vorontsov, Vorontsov-Velyaminov.
Detail: Muscovites are still reminded of the noblest Moscow family, the Vorontsov-Velyaminovs, by the name of the street “Vorontsovo Pole”.
Morozov
The clan of the Morozov boyars is an example of a feudal family from among the old Moscow untitled nobility. The founder of the surname is considered to be a certain Michael, who came from Prussia to serve in Novgorod. He was among the "six brave men" who showed special heroism during the Battle of the Neva in 1240.
The Morozovs faithfully served Moscow under Ivan Kalita and Dmitry Donskoy, occupying prominent positions at the Grand Duke's court. However, their family suffered greatly from the historical storms that overtook Russia in the 16th century. Many representatives of a noble family disappeared without a trace during the bloody oprichnina terror of Ivan the Terrible.
The 17th century was the last page in the centuries-old history of the family. Boris Morozov had no children, and the only heir of his brother, Gleb Morozov, was his son Ivan. By the way, he was born in a marriage with Feodosya Prokofievna Urusova - the heroine of the painting by V.I. Surikov “Boyar Morozova”. Ivan Morozov did not leave male offspring and turned out to be the last representative of a noble boyar family that ceased to exist in the early 80s of the 17th century.
Detail: The heraldry of the Russian dynasties took shape under Peter I, which is probably why the coat of arms of the Morozov boyars was not preserved.
Buturlins
According to the genealogical books, the Buturlin family comes from an “honest man” under the name Radsha, who left the Semigrad land (Hungary) at the end of the 12th century to the Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky.
“My great-grandfather Racha served St. Nevsky as a muscle of battle,” wrote A. Pushkin in the poem “My Genealogy”. Radsha became the ancestor of fifty Russian noble families in Tsarist Moscow, among them are the Pushkins, the Buturlins, and the Myatlevs...
But let us return to the Buturlin family: its representatives faithfully served first the grand dukes, then the sovereigns of Moscow and Russia. Their family gave Russia many prominent, honest, noble people, whose names are still known. Let's name just a few of them:
Ivan Mikhailovich Buturlin served as a roundabout under Boris Godunov, fought in the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia, conquered almost all of Dagestan. He died in battle in 1605 as a result of betrayal and deceit by the Turks and mountain foreigners.
His son Vasily Ivanovich Buturlin was the governor of Novgorod, an active associate of Prince Dmitry Pozharsky in his fight against the Polish invaders.
Ivan Ivanovich Buturlin was awarded the title of St. Andrew's Cavalier, General-in-Chief, Ruler of Little Russia for military and peaceful deeds. In 1721, he actively participated in the signing of the Peace of Nishtad, which put an end to the long war with the Swedes, for which Peter I awarded him the rank of general.
Vasily Vasilyevich Buturlin was a butler under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, who did a lot for the reunification of Ukraine and Russia.
The Sheremetev family traces its origin to Andrey Kobyla. The fifth generation (great-great-grandson) of Andrei Kobyla was Andrei Konstantinovich Bezzubtsev, nicknamed Sheremet, from whom the Sheremetevs descended. According to some versions, the surname is based on the Turkic-Bulgarian “sheremet” (poor fellow) and the Turkic-Persian “shir-muhammad” (pious, brave Muhammad).
Many boyars, governors, governors came out of the Sheremetev family, not only due to personal merit, but also due to kinship with the reigning dynasty.
So, the great-granddaughter of Andrei Sheremet was married to the son of Ivan the Terrible, Tsarevich Ivan, who was killed by his father in a fit of anger. And five grandchildren of A. Sheremet became members of the Boyar Duma. The Sheremetevs took part in the wars with Lithuania and the Crimean Khan, in the Livonian War and the Kazan campaigns. Estates in Moscow, Yaroslavl, Ryazan, Nizhny Novgorod counties complained about their service.
Lopukhins
According to legend, they descend from the Kasozhian (Circassian) prince Rededi, the ruler of Tmutarakan, who was killed in 1022 in single combat with Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich (son of Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich, the baptist of Russia). However, this fact did not prevent the son of Prince Rededi, Roman, from marrying the daughter of Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich.
It is authentically known that by the beginning of the XV century. the descendants of the Kasozhsky prince Rededi already bear the surname Lopukhins, serve in various ranks in the Novgorod principality and in the Moscow state and own lands. And from the end of the XV century. they become Moscow nobles and tenants at the Sovereign's Court, retaining the Novgorod and Tver estates and estates.
The outstanding family of the Lopukhins gave the Fatherland 11 governors, 9 governors-general and governors who ruled 15 provinces, 13 generals, 2 admirals, served as ministers and senators, headed the Cabinet of Ministers and the State Council.
The boyar family of the Golovins originates from the Byzantine family of Gavrasov, who ruled Trebizond (Trabzon) and owned the city of Sudak in the Crimea with the surrounding villages of Mangup and Balaklava.
Ivan Khovrin, the great-grandson of one of the representatives of this Greek family, was nicknamed “The Head”, as you might guess, for his bright mind. It was from him that the Golovins, representing the Moscow high aristocracy, went.
From the 15th century, the Golovins were hereditary tsarist treasurers, but under Ivan the Terrible, the family fell into disgrace, becoming the victim of an unsuccessful conspiracy. Later they were returned to the court, but before Peter the Great they did not reach special heights in the service.
Aksakovs
They come from the noble Varangian Shimon (in baptism Simon) Afrikovich or Ofrikovich - the nephew of the Norwegian king Gakon the Blind. Simon Afrikanovich arrived in Kyiv in 1027 with a 3,000-strong retinue and built at his own expense the Church of the Assumption of the Mother of God in the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, where he was buried.
The surname of the Oksakovs (in the old days), and now the Aksakovs, came from one of his descendants, Ivan the Lame.
The word “oksak” means lame in Turkic languages.
Members of this family in pre-Petrine times served as governors, solicitors, stolniks and were rewarded for their good service with estates from Moscow sovereigns.
20.02.2002 // S.V. Dumin, Ph.D., Heraldic Council under the President of the Russian Federation, Russian Noble Assembly, S.A. Sapozhnikov, Ph.D., Russian Noble AssemblyFrom the moment of its creation in May 1991, the Russian Nobility Assembly (RDS) considered and continues to consider the revival of the traditions of Russian noble heraldry as one of its tasks. At the same time, however, we have always strived to remain faithful to the legal norms of the Russian Empire, which provide for the obligatory Highest approval of the family coats of arms of the nobility and the immutability of the coats of arms, already approved by the Highest (1).
As you know, this practice persisted abroad. Coats of arms and titles granted by the heads of the Russian Imperial House in exile - Emperor Kirill Vladimirovich, Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich - for example, the title and coat of arms of Counts Tolstoy-Miloslavsky (1933) (2), the title and coat of arms of Baron V.K. von Lemmermann (1939) (3), the title and coat of arms of the princes of Chkotua (1938) (4) and others, transferred through the female line, have been and are recognized by the most authoritative international experts and authorities, including the British College of Arms, heraldic and genealogical services of Italy, the Sovereign Order of Malta, etc.
In connection with the need to determine the rights of members of the Assembly to certain coats of arms, the Heraldry Department of the RDS established the Stamp Department. It was headed by Viktor Yuryevich Rickman, who owns the first attempt to codify the current heraldic rules.
In accordance with the initial principles of the organization of the RDS, at that moment it was allowed to develop projects of coats of arms for descendants of noble families through the female line and inheritance through the female line of existing coats of arms, but with some differences.
Initially, until November 1992, these changes were not specified; with the introduction of the rules developed by V.Yu. Rickman, as elements indicating such an origin, used some figures of traditional foreign heraldry: a border, a tournament collar (titlo), a baldric. At that time, the azure head of the shield, burdened with a golden noble crown, became a kind of "brand name" of the RDS. According to the plan of V.Yu. Rickman, this element was to become a mandatory feature of the coats of arms developed or registered in the RDS (5).
The coat of arms department has always recognized and now recognizes the right to the coats of arms of noble families officially approved in the Russian Empire only for the direct descendants of these families in the male line.
But at the same time, it was necessary to determine the attitude towards the family coats of arms, which were preserved in many noble families, but did not pass the Highest approval. As you know, a particularly large group of such coats of arms are Polish-Lithuanian family coats of arms, preserved by the descendants of the Polish gentry. In this case, opinions were sharply divided. In particular, S.V. Dumin advocated the preservation of such coats of arms unchanged (as monuments of Russian and foreign tribal heraldry, consecrated by tradition, which corresponded to pre-revolutionary practice), but V.Yu. Rickman insisted on the obligatory introduction of the already mentioned chapter with a golden noble crown (6) into such old family coats of arms.
However, the system developed by V.Yu. Rickman, actually did not receive a real embodiment in the official generic heraldry, which we will discuss below.
It should be emphasized from the very beginning that the RDS, strictly adhering to the principles of legitimism, initially recognized and continues to recognize the Head of the Russian Imperial House as a “source of honor” (“fons honorum”) for the Russian nobility. After the death of Sovereign Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich on April 21, 1992, the Assembly strongly supported his legitimate heir and successor, the Empress Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna. It is the Grand Duchess, the Head of the Imperial House, who is for us the only legitimate arbiter in resolving certain issues related to the problems of the Russian nobility.
This position is quite logical. The very belonging to the nobility is a category that exists outside the republican legal system of the Russian Federation, which, as you know, does not recognize estates and class division. Like the Church, the nobility is "separated from the state"; like the Church, the nobility has its own laws, belonging to a different legal system. Belonging to the Russian nobility is determined by the laws of the Russian Empire. The heads of historical dynasties who have lost state power, like Christ, could say: “my kingdom is not of this world,” but it is they who are the supreme arbiter for the historical nobility of their countries and peoples, allowing them to solve the inevitable legal and other problems. Without such a supreme arbiter, the nobility turns into something antique, a monument of the past, a "herbarium". The existence of legitimate heads of dynasties, which, according to international law, retain some sovereign rights (7) and are recognized as such by other royal houses and knightly organizations (in particular, the Sovereign Order of Malta), allows some noble corporations (in particular, the nobility of Italy, as well as the Russian noble assembly) to preserve the nobility within the framework of the legal system, which gave rise to this estate, and is recognized by other (international) instances. Of course, the republican state cannot and should not interfere in the affairs of the class, since such interference in modern conditions would be contrary to the classless principle of building society.
Thus, from the very beginning, the RDS set itself the goal of ensuring the functioning of the former, legally impeccable system, according to which the Russian noble coat of arms finally acquires official status only after the Highest approval. Therefore, already the first 30 coats of arms, developed by the RDS, both for hereditary nobles (descendants of noble families in the direct male line), and for members of the assembly - descendants of nobles in the female line (8), in the summer of 1993, during a visit to Moscow of the Head of the Russian Imperial The houses of the Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna were submitted for her consideration.
The Grand Duchess was attentive to this problem and, having studied the submitted projects, made significant adjustments to the activities of the Stamp Department of the DG RDS. In her rescript on June 21, 1993, it was noted:
“The coats of arms developed in the Armorial Department of the Department of Heraldry, as well as the previously unapproved coats of arms that have passed the examination in it, must be approved by the Head of the Russian Imperial House.
Coats of arms can be approved only for hereditary nobles and only in exceptional cases for other persons as a reward for their special merits.
As for the thirty coats of arms already approved in accordance with the Regulations in force by the decisions of the Council of the Russian Nobility Assembly of 11/19/1992 and 05/14/1993, then consider their approval subject to further confirmation by the Highest.
The coat of arms department of the Department of Heraldry should monitor the correct use of the coats of arms of the nobility and prevent their unauthorized appropriation and use " (9).
Thus, it was confirmed that only and exclusively coats of arms of hereditary nobles can be submitted for approval, i.e. persons, according to the laws of the Russian Empire, belonging to the nobility and, therefore, entitled to a coat of arms. The right to a coat of arms was not recognized for the descendants of the nobles through the female line, and, therefore, projects of such coats of arms could not be submitted for the Highest approval.
There is one important legal subtlety here. According to the laws of the Russian Empire, “coats of arms granted by sovereigns” were recognized as one of the indisputable evidence of belonging to the nobility. Therefore, granting the coat of arms of the nobility to a non-nobleman (and the descendants of noble families in the female line, according to the laws of the Russian Empire, no longer belong to the nobility) would mean raising him to the nobility. Meanwhile, the Grand Duchess, in principle admitting such a possibility (for special services to Russia and the Imperial House), did not consider it possible to carry out any massive awards to the nobility. Therefore, the circle of persons whose coats of arms were subject to approval was deliberately limited (which exactly corresponded to pre-revolutionary practice).
On May 28 and July 3, 1993, for the first time in Russia after a 76-year break, four noble emblems were approved. The coat of arms of the Nizhny Novgorod nobles Sapozhnikovs was based on the coat of arms of their ancestors in the female line (nobles Anastasievs), with the addition of a border and some other distinctive elements. The basis of the coat of arms of the noble family of Dandre (immigrants from France) was their former (French) family coat of arms (scarlet St. Andrew's cross in a golden field). Coats of arms of noblemen L.A. Ivanov and V.A. Nikolaev were drawn up in the Stamp Department. All these four coats of arms include an azure dome encumbered with a golden noble crown (10).
On the initiative of V.Yu. Rickman in the Armorial Department for some time continued to develop heraldic emblems both for hereditary nobles and for the descendants of nobles through the female line, the preliminary approval of which was carried out by the Council of the RDS. But, realizing that such registration is at least preliminary, the Department of Heraldry distinguished between them and the coats of arms proper. Formally, since September 1993, it was about the registration of "armorial bookplates", i.e. bookplates (there was a corresponding inscription on the figure) depicting the coat of arms of the family. As such, both old unapproved tribal coats of arms (for example, in the coat of arms bookplates of the Shidlovskys, Trambitskys, princes Turkestanovs) and newly created emblems were depicted. In addition, the coat of arms bookplates were developed according to the rules already mentioned above, with the obligatory inclusion in the design of the coat of arms (even if this coat of arms was an old family coat of arms) of an azure dome with a crown and the use of lowering elements (title, border, baldric) for the descendants of nobles female line (11).
More than two dozen such emblematic bookplates were developed and published, the drawings of which were approved by the Department of Heraldry and the Council of the RDS (12). But this practice did not last long and ceased in July 1995, after the departure of V.Yu. Rickman from the post of head of the Stamp Department and the temporary suspension of the activities of this division of the RDS.
However, it was in 1995 that the Royal Rescript (signed on February 21) officially recognized the Department of Heraldry of the RDS as “at this stage the successor of the Department of Heraldry of the Governing Senate” and it was he who was instructed to consider and systematize all the Imperial acts related to the award of honorary titles and merits, orders, ranks and emblems (12).
Since July 1995, the issues of herbalism and herbal expertise have been resolved in the Expert Council on Genealogy and Heraldry, formed by the RDS together with the Historical and Genealogical Society in Moscow. The Expert Council was headed by a full member of the RBC, the chairman of the IRO S.V. Dumin. The Council included many famous historians, genealogists, heraldists; P.F. Kosmolinsky (later appointed manager of the Stamp Department), O.V. Shcherbachev, N.V. Pokrovsky, B.N. Morozov and others.
The most important principle of the Council's activity was the careful preservation of heraldic monuments. It was recognized that the family coats of arms of the nobility of the Russian Empire, which had not even passed the Highest approval, constitute a heraldic heritage and should not be modified. As reliable sources confirming the use of the family coat of arms, cases of nobility, definitions of noble assemblies containing information about coats of arms, as well as family documents, family seals (if their belonging to this family is confirmed), some of the most authoritative heraldic reference books that store data on heraldic monuments, for example, "The Armorial of Anisim Titovich Knyazev", "The Little Russian Armorial", Polish heraldic publications, "Baltische Wappenbuch" by Klingspor, etc.
The element previously proposed as the "trademark of the RDS" - the azure dome with a crown - was retained as one of the possible (but no longer mandatory) elements for the newly developed coats of arms of hereditary nobles who have significant merits to the revived noble movement. In this capacity, it was later used in the coats of arms of three provincial marshals of the nobility - V.A. Afanasiev (Minsk), V.A. Bykova (Novosibirsk), V.V. Diaghilev (Kostroma) (13).
When developing new coats of arms for hereditary nobles and their heraldic descriptions, the Council followed and continues to follow the traditions of Russian heraldry. It is allowed to use all the elements traditionally used in the coats of arms of the nobility, including shield holders, the motto, rank crowns, as well as the princely mantle in the coats of arms of princely families.
In total, in 1993-2001. about 30 coats of arms were submitted for approval and approved by the Highest. Most of them are ancient original coats of arms of the indicated families, officially used by the ancestors of petitioners in the Russian Empire at least from the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries.
So, for example, the coat of arms of the Serbian by origin family of the Counts of Vujic, approved by the Highest on September 18, 1995, repeats their noble family coat of arms, known in the Kingdom of Hungary (it is cited by Siebmacher). On June 13, 1905, this coat of arms of the nobility was approved by Emperor Nicholas II, by the way, despite the resistance of the then King of Arms, who demanded that the severed Turkish head be removed from the coat of arms.
The change in the coat of arms, in connection with the granting of the title of count to the head of the field office of the Head of the Russian Imperial House, Nikolai Emmanuilovich Vuich (1897-1976), was already provided for in the letter of Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich (September 4, 1976) and carried out on the recommendation of S.V. Dumin. At the same time, only two new elements appeared in the coat of arms: a rank count's crown above the shield and above the helmet itself (where it replaced the crown of the nobility), as well as the motto "For Faith and Loyalty" on an azure ribbon, reminiscent not only of the award of the Order of St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called, but also about the long-term service of several generations of this family to the Russian Imperial House in exile (14).
The coat of arms of Prince Vadim Olegovich Lopukhin was approved by the Highest on February 9, 1996 in connection with the restoration of the princely title in his branch of the Lopukhin family, granted by Emperor Paul to another branch of the same ancient boyar family that later died out. This emblem almost repeats the pre-existing emblem of the most serene princes Lopukhins, but also has some differences from it (instead of the cypher of Emperor Paul I, the cypher of Grand Duchess Maria in the shield on the chest of a double-headed eagle, etc.) (15).
The coat of arms of the princes Andronikov family, approved on March 21, 2000 at the request of Prince Mark Konstantinovich Andronikov, who lives in Paris, is an old Georgian family coat of arms of this family, preserved on family seals and a ring inherited by the petitioner from his father (the late Prince Konstantin Iesseevich Andronikov, Professor Sergievsky Orthodox Institute in Paris (16).
The coat of arms of the family of the Tatar princes Chanyshevs approved at the same time (restored in princely dignity by Emperor Paul I on August 24, 1796 and confirmed in it by the Highest Decree of the Head of the Russian Imperial House on May 25, 1998), was compiled at the request of a resident of Ufa, Prince Rafael Ismagilovich Chanyshev, taking into account historical traditions of this kind and existing samples of the Tatar princely coats of arms (17).
Also approved on March 21, 2000, the coats of arms of the nobles of the Vitebsk province Milevsky (Polish coat of arms "Slepuvron"), Minsk province - Muhlya (Polish coat of arms "Rudnitsa") and Khotkovsky (Polish coat of arms "Ostui") and Mogilev province - Donetsk (Polish coat of arms "Yunusha ”) and a number of others are old Polish family coats of arms, which these families used even before they entered Russian citizenship, and about the use of which there is information in the Senate files on the nobility (18).
The family of the Chernigov nobles Bykovs did not previously have a family coat of arms, and the design of the coat of arms of Vladimir Alekseevich Bykov (Minsk) was drawn up using some elements of the coats of arms of related families (Little Russian noble families of Tovstolesov and Yakimovich-Kozhukhovsky); the golden noble crown placed in the azure head of the shield, as already mentioned, recalls the active participation of V.A. Bykov in the revived noble movement when he was the leader of the Novosibirsk noble assembly (the coat of arms was drawn by the Belarusian heraldry artist A. Levchik after the approval of its description).
The coat of arms of Romuald Alexandrovich Makovetsky (Kaunas, Lithuania) and his family represents the Polish coat of arms "Pumyan" (in a golden shield a black bison head pierced obliquely to the right by a silver sword with a gold handle, in a crest a hand in silver armor decorated with gold, holding silver and gold a sword handle), which (following the example of Polish namesakes) was used by this old Lithuanian-Tatar noble family (with this coat of arms the Makovetskys proved nobility in the Vilna province in 1819).
The ancestor of the Trambitsky family, to which Muscovite Yuri Alekseevich Trambitsky belongs, was a Polish gentry who entered the Russian service after the capture of Smolensk in 1654; this family was included in the genealogy book, first of Smolensk, then Kherson province, and in Russia used the Polish coat of arms "Tromba" (that is, "Pipes"; the main figure of the coat of arms is three black hunting pipes laid "in a star"); this coat of arms was approved for the applicant and his family, but with a slight difference from the Polish prototype (the field of the shield in the emblem of the Trambitskys is not silver, as in the usual coat of arms of Tromba, but scarlet).
The coat of arms of Vasily Valentinovich Diaghilev, the leader of the Kostroma provincial noble assembly, was also developed in the Stamp Department. The Diaghilev family of hereditary nobles, like many surnames of the Russian nobility, did not previously have a family coat of arms, and the project was drawn up using elements indicating the surname of the family (flowering angelica of natural color in a golden field), the connection of the family with Russian musical culture (golden lyre in crest) and the active participation of V.V. Diaghilev in the revived noble movement (gold noble crown in the azure head of the shield) (19).
Recall that at present only hereditary nobles can be full members of the RDS. But at the same time, the possibility of associated membership remains. This does not mean recognition in the nobility, but allows the sons and grandsons of noblewomen to participate in certain areas of work of the RDS - that is, it allows you to involve in this real work those who, despite the formal absence of noble rights, inherited traditions from their noble ancestors and ideals that correspond to our traditions and ideals, and is ready to serve the cause of the revival of historical Russia (in fact, other meetings that deny associated membership, for example, the St. Petersburg meeting, headed by Prince A.P. Gagarin, attract people from other classes to their work, and even genealogical examination upon admission to this assembly is carried out by persons who do not belong to the nobility).
Of course, we are aware that the assembly itself has no right to confer on them the title of nobility. But we hope that the most worthy of them can acquire a “noble name” for themselves and their offspring by the Highest Grace. After that, they and other persons who do not belong to the nobility by origin, but who have been awarded it for their merits, will also acquire the right to the Highly approved coat of arms of the nobility. Such cases are still rare, but they do exist. When developing coats of arms for persons elevated to the rank of nobility, in cases where the family has some kind of heraldic tradition, we strive to preserve it, to consolidate it in the new coat of arms.
So, for example, on June 29, 1998, simultaneously with the approval of the coat of arms of the old noble family of the Pereleshins, the coat of arms of Alexander Yuryevich Korolyov-Pereleshin, a descendant of the Pereleshins on the maternal side, graciously elevated to the nobility on personal merit (20) was approved.
The coat of arms of the Pereleshins was developed on the basis of the image on the seal of their relative, Admiral Pereleshin, kept in the Sevastopol Museum. Here is his Supremely Approved Description:
“In the azure shield there is a silver trunk diverging like a slingshot, supported by two opposing golden lions, with a silver falcon flying above them to the left. The shield is crowned with a noble crowned helmet. Crest: three silver ostrich feathers. Namet: on the right is azure with gold, on the left is azure with silver. Shield holders: two warriors in azure Russian caftans and silver armor, of which the right one is armed with a squeaker, and the left with a saber ”(21).
This coat of arms was also used as the basis for the coat of arms of A.Yu. Queen-Pereleshina, but at the same time, shield holders were excluded (traditionally assigned in Russian tribal heraldry to mainly titled and ancient noble families), and the head of the shield was burdened with a golden imperial crown (symbolizing merits to the Russian Imperial House, in particular when organizing numerous Highest visits to Russia ).
The coat of arms of the family of Nikolai Ivanovich Dmitrovsky-Baykov (Australia), who was most mercifully granted hereditary nobility with permission to add the name of his mother, the last representative of the Baikov noble family, was compiled on the basis of the preserved official seal of one of the direct ancestors of the petitioner on the maternal line (22).
The coat of arms of the captain of the 1st rank Georgy Petrovich Golik (St. Petersburg), granted by the hereditary nobility by decree of the Empress Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna on March 24, 1996, was drawn up in the Stamp Department taking into account the naval service of the petitioner - this is indicated by two azure old dagger and St. Andrew's cross in a silver field - and the traditions of his family. Three golden nuts in the green head of the shield indicate maternal origin from the noble family of Oreshko-Yakimenko. This coat of arms also has a motto - "Firmness and honor." It is curious that initially the motto was proposed in Latin - “Fortitudo et Honor”, but the Grand Duchess (by the way, in full accordance with the oral instructions to the Department of Heraldry of Emperor Alexander III) ordered that the motto be translated into Russian; only after that the coat of arms was finally approved (August 4, 2001) (23).
The coat of arms of Viktor Nikolayevich Yaroshenko, the former Minister of Foreign Economic Relations of Russia, the trade representative of Russia in France, approved on May 23, 1998, also points to personal merits; it uses, in particular, the colors of the Russian flag (for the revival of which in August 1991 V. N. Yaroshenko had the most direct relationship) (24).
As already noted, in total in 1993-2001. Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna favored the approval of 30 family coats of arms of individuals and families, according to the laws of the Russian Empire, belonging to the hereditary nobility.
Initially, drawings of coats of arms, and not their descriptions (compiled and published separately), were submitted for the Highest Approval. It must be said that the RDS is actively collaborating with many heraldry artists. Among them, we can once again mention Pyotr Fedorovich Kosmolinsky, whose coats of arms have adorned the Department of Heraldry since the creation of the RDS. In addition, Irina Leonidovna Verkhovskaya, David Anzorovich Gulordava (a specialist in the heraldry of the Caucasus and especially Georgia), Natalia Sergeevna Dumina have been cooperating with us for several years. In some cases, applicants submit drawings of coats of arms on their own or order them after the Highest approval of the heraldic description.
Applicants are not always able to pay for the services of a heraldry artist. In this regard, and, by the way, taking into account the practice of the Heraldic Council, in the past three years, in many cases, it is the heraldic description of the coat of arms, developed by the Council and sealed with signatures by S.A., that is submitted for the Highest Approval. Sapozhnikova and S.V. Dumin. It is the description after the Highest resolution “To be according to this” that is the document that finally establishes the right of the noble family to the indicated coat of arms. The drawing of the coat of arms is less frequently submitted for approval.
The highest approved drawings and descriptions of coats of arms are signed and sealed by Prince Nikolai Nikolaevich Urusov (Paris), who is temporarily acting as Minister of the Court of the Russian Imperial House. But the RDS has the right to issue copies of these documents, sealed with the seal of the Department of Heraldry.
A great loss for us was the untimely death of Pyotr Fedorovich Kosmolinsky, who for the past few years had been acting head of the Stamp Department of the Department of Heraldry.
In 2001, Stanislav Vladimirovich Dumin was appointed to this position, retaining the position of Chairman of the RDS Expert Council on Genealogy and Heraldry (25). The development of new coats of arms in the RDS is by no means a mass phenomenon, but several petitions are currently under consideration by the Stamp Office of the Department of Heraldry and should also be submitted for approval to the Highest in the near future. It must be said that sometimes this process does not proceed as quickly as it would be desirable for the applicants, but our desire to preserve traditions makes us carefully prepare each question, especially in cases where there is reason to assume that the family has an old coat of arms. How important this is indicated by at least one of the latest cases of this kind - consideration of the petition of the Smolensk nobles Verkhovsky. Their ancestor Adam Wierzchowski was raised to the rank of nobility by the Polish King Vladislav IV in 1635, but until recently the family (which had been under Russian citizenship since 1654) did not know which coat of arms had been granted to their ancestor during the nobilitation. Based on the Polish publications known to them, which mentioned their namesakes gentry Wierzhkhovsky, the Verkhovskys petitioned for the approval of the Polish coat of arms Slepuvron, which was used in the Commonwealth by one of the families of the Verkhovskys (more precisely, Wiezkhovskys). And only in December 2001, thanks to our Polish colleagues, it was possible to find out that in the royal privilege, during the nobilitation, Adam Wierzchowski received another coat of arms - Pubug (27) (a silver horseshoe topped with a golden clawed cross in an azure shield, a silver greyhound in a collar emerging in a crest) . It is this coat of arms, which undoubtedly belongs to the descendants of Adam Wierzchowski according to Polish heraldic laws, and is now presented for the Highest approval (28). And meanwhile, without having studied the history and genealogy of this family to a sufficient extent, we could make a mistake, distort the heraldic tradition of the family!
We hope that in the future the coats of arms, graciously approved by the Heads of the Russian Imperial House in exile (the first acts of this kind known to us date back to the 1930s), will constitute the next, XXII volume of the “General Armorial” begun in 1797 by decree of Emperor Paul I noble families of the All-Russian Empire.
In conclusion, I would like to say a few words about the attitude of the RDS to the problem of new personal coats of arms. As already noted at the first meeting on the problems of personal (clan) heraldry, organized on February 25, 2001 by the Heraldic Council, the existence of non-noble coats of arms was not provided for by the heraldic laws and traditions of the Russian Empire. This, however, does not prevent their creation and registration in the Russian Federation (where their status will be completely different: not a sign of hereditary privileges, like a noble coat of arms, but simply a family badge). But these personal coats of arms should not contain attributes traditionally assigned in Russian heraldry to noble coats of arms, in particular, rank crowns. Perhaps one should think about developing a different type of helmet for them, different from the helmets adopted in the coats of arms of the nobility, or even abandon the helmet as a heraldic element associated with a different historical era and a different class tradition.
But the question arises about the fate of the family coats of arms of those families that, according to heraldic tradition, have the right to previously created family coats of arms, including rank attributes, i.e. coats of arms of families belonging to the nobility as a historical corporation. At the meeting on February 25, 2001, the State King of Arms G.V. Vilinbakhov rightly suggested recognizing and registering the emblems previously approved in the Russian Empire as the heraldic heritage of the respective families. At the same time, the question was raised about the family coats of arms of the nobility, which did not pass formal approval until 1917, but were also subject to preservation and registration.
But it is difficult to assume that the Heraldic Council will also take on the duty of genealogical examination, which will make it possible to judge the right of a person to an approved or unapproved, but old family noble coat of arms. In this case, the Council would have to create its own huge genealogical archive, attract an additional staff of genealogists, performing the functions until 1917 carried out by the Department of Heraldry of the Governing Senate.
In response to this remark, G.V. Vilinbakhov then proposed to grant the right of such expertise to noble assemblies and genealogical societies. In principle, this is possible, but the right to such expertise cannot be conferred simultaneously on many different public organizations. Only in St. Petersburg, along with the RDS (a branch of our all-Russian noble organization, headed by I.V. Dolivo-Dobrovolsky) and the regional assembly of Prince A.P. Gagarin, there are several other organizations that call themselves noble. The scientific level of genealogical societies is also different. How to get out of this situation? It is possible that the right to noble attributes and registration of the noble coat of arms will be recognized on the basis of the recommendation of only the most authoritative noble organizations and scientific societies that have an all-Russian status. But then again, genealogical problems arise: after all, the hereditary descendants of the coat of arms, and not only the coat of arms of the nobility, officially registered by the Heraldic Council, must be supported by documents that undeniably confirm the origin, kinship, i.e. a system of genealogical expertise, the creation of genealogical dossiers, etc., will inevitably be required.
Probably, first of all, you should not rush, you still need to think carefully. Documents being developed on this issue require careful study and discussion. Therefore, it seems appropriate to return to this problem, based on specific proposals and options.
(1) Dumin S.V. The right to a family coat of arms in the light of Russian laws and traditions // Meeting on personal (ancestral) heraldry in Russia. St. Petersburg, February 23, 1999. pp.8-18.
(2) Dumin S.V. Titled families of the Russian Empire. (one). Counts Tolstoy-Miloslavsky. (2). Princes Drutsky-Sokolinsky-Dobrovolsky. (3). Counts Vuichi // Chronicle of the Historical and Genealogical Society in Moscow. Issue 2 (46). 1994. S.78-85; Dumin S.V. Coat of arms of Counts Tolstoy-Miloslavsky // Heraldry. 1994. No. 1-2 (5-6). pp.50-56.
(3) Libro d'Oro della Nobilta Italiana. Libro d'Oro della Nobilta Italiana. Roma, Collegio Araldico, 1969-1972.
(4) Tschkotua (Tchkotua) // Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels. Furstliche Hauser. Glucksburg, 1953. Band II. P.411-419.
(5) Rickman V.Yu. The first coats of arms of the Russian Nobility Assembly // Heraldic Gazette. 1993. No. 1. C.2.
(6) Rickman V.Yu. On the problem of unapproved coats of arms // Heraldic Gazette. 1994. No. 3. C.2.
(7) Degli Uberti P.P. La Commissione Internationale permanente per lo studio degli Ordini cavallereschi // II Mondo del Cavaliere. Rivista Internationale Sugli Ordini Cavallereschi. 2001. Nr. 1. P. 3-4.
(8) See Heraldic Gazette. 1993. No. 1. C.3-8 (tab); No. 4. C.3-6 (tab).
(9) Heraldic statements. 1993. No. 4. C.1.
(10) Report of the Heraldry in the Highest Presence in Moscow // Heraldic Gazette. 1993. No. 4. C.1 (see drawings and descriptions of the emblems of Dandre and Nikolaev. Ibid. C.3-4).
(11) Rickman V.Yu. About the armorial bookplates of the members of the Russian Nobility Assembly // Heraldic Gazette. 1994. No. 1(5). C.1 (it should be noted that not all heraldists agreed with this practice, since in foreign heraldry these and other “lowering” elements were used in the coats of arms of the younger branches of the clan, i.e. persons and families descended from the ancestor-owner of arms according to direct masculine, and by no means feminine line).
(12) See: Heraldic Gazette. 1994. No. 1(5). C.1-2 (Rules), 7-8 (inset); No. 3(7). S.7-8; 1995. No. 1 (9). S.7-8; No. 2(10). S.7-8 and others.
(13) Heraldic statements. 1995. No. 2 (10). C.2.
(14) Archive of the Stamp Branch of the Heraldry Department of the RDS.
(15) Dumin S.V. Coat of arms of the Counts of Vujić. History of approval // Heraldry. 1996. No. 2 (10). pp.96-104 (approved September 16, 1995).
(16) Dumin S.V. Princes and noblemen Lopukhins // Noble families of the Russian Empire. M., 1997. V.3. pp.261-262.
(17) Gulordava D.A. Coat of arms of the princes Andronikovs (Andronikashvili) // Heraldry. 2000. No. 44. S.71-74; Danyar V. [Dumin S.V.]. In the Stamp Department of the Department of Heraldry // Noble Bulletin. 2001. No. 3-4 (82-83). C.6.
(18) Danyar V. [Dumin S.V.]. In the Stamp Department of the Department of Heraldry // Noble Bulletin. 2001. No. 3-4 (82-83). C.6.
(19) Ibid.
(20) Dumin S.V. In the Stamp Department of the Department of Heraldry. The highest approval of the noble coats of arms // Noble Bulletin. 2001. No. 9-10 (88-89). P.8 (all these four coats of arms were approved by the Highest on August 4, 2001). About the emblem of V.V. Diaghilev, see also: Tishinkov D. To be according to this // Kostroma courier. 19-21.12.2001. C.3.
(21) Archive of the Stamp Branch of the Heraldry Department of the RDS.
(22) Ibid. When describing the newly approved emblems, we use the heraldic terminology adopted in the Department of Heraldry of the Governing Senate in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
(23) Danyar V. [Dumin S.V.]. In the Stamp Department of the Department of Heraldry // Noble Bulletin. 2001. No. 3-4 (82-83). C.6 (Highly approved March 21, 2000).
(24) Dumin S.V. In the Stamp Department of the Department of Heraldry. The highest approval of the noble coats of arms // Noble Bulletin. 2001. No. 9-10 (88-89). C.8. (Highly approved on August 4, 2001).
(25) Archive of the Stamp Department of the Heraldry Department of the RDS.
(26) Danyar V. [Dumin S.V.]. In the Stamp Department of the Department of Heraldry // Noble Bulletin. 2001. No. 3-4 (82-83). C.6.
(27) AGAD (Warszawa). Metryka Koronna, 180, fol. 460 v.; Wdowiszewski Z. Rejestry nobilitacji w Polsce 1404-1794 // MBGiHP. T. IX. S.973.
(28) Archive of the Stamp Branch of the Heraldry Department of the RDS.
Genus. 06/30/1670, mind. 08/27/1731.
She was the first wife of Tsar Peter 1. The wedding took place on January 27, 1689. It was the last marriage of the Sovereign with his compatriot in Russian history.
Evdokia was chosen as the bride of Peter by his mother, Tsaritsa Natalya Kirillovna, without the consent of the groom. This was done in view of the Naryshkins' long-standing ties with the Lopukhins and in the hope of their help in strengthening the position of Tsar Peter as the sovereign Sovereign (by that time the Lopukhins occupied a prominent position among the nobility and in the army). The correctness of the choice was confirmed during the confrontation between Princess Sophia and Tsar Peter.
The first years of marriage were relatively quiet. In February 1690, Tsarevich Alexei was born, and a year later - Alexander, who died at the age of 1 year. Unlike some historians and writers, we would not like to see the traditional reason for unsuccessful family life in the fact that the Tsarina could not understand and accept Tsar Peter's aspirations for the reorganization of Russia, which, by the way, were formed much later.
The point of view of the historian N.M. Kostomarov, who believes that the cooling in family relations occurred for a much more prosaic reason, which lies in the connection arranged by Lefort between the Tsar and his previous favorite Anna Mons in order to strengthen his influence on the young Sovereign and promote the interests of foreigners in Russia. Tsar Peter became attached with all his heart to Anna Mons, who ultimately betrayed him with the ease traditional for a courtesan.
From the correspondence of the Queen it is clear that she experienced this change with pain, about which she complained to her relatives, and they expressed dissatisfaction with the actions of the King. These complaints reached the Sovereign, but for about 4 years the Lopukhins were not touched. In 1697, before the Tsar’s trip abroad, in connection with the discovery of the conspiracy of Sokovnin, Tsykler and Pushkin, a reason was found for the exile of the Tsaritsa’s father and his two brothers, the boyars Sergei and Vasily, by governors away from Moscow, without any reason. Tsar Peter was afraid of the formation of the opposition in his absence and the participation of the Lopukhins in it.
At the same time, the first thought arises to obtain the voluntary consent of the Tsaritsa to be tonsured as a nun. She refuses, citing her son's infancy and his need for her. However, upon the return of Peter and a conversation with him, she was forcibly taken to the Suzdal Intercession Monastery, where in 1698, again by force, she was tonsured under the name of Elena and created very difficult conditions for life.
She was not only separated from her son, but was not allowed to see him, which subsequently led to the need for secret relations and played a tragic role in the fate of not only them, but also the Queen’s relatives, leading some to torture, some to exile, and some to scaffold.
It also deprived Russia of the rightful heir to the throne, who suffered a painful death, the prologue to which was "one of the cases that Russia has not seen for its Tsars for more than a century." "The moral concepts of Russians in those days could not but arouse among the people censures of Peter's deed." There are several folk songs created on this occasion and popular at the time. “20 years later, when the violence against Empress Eudoxia turned into a new terrible search, the unfortunate Bishop Dositheus, betrayed to torture, said: “Only I got caught in this, look what is on everyone’s hearts.” “Peter, by his act with his wife, offended the Orthodox Church because she, the Church, alone had the God-given right to pronounce judgment between husband and wife."
When, in 1718, Peter now needed to get rid of his son, he again begins an investigation about the disgraced Queen, wanting to compromise her. Therefore, she is remembered by everything and even the love that arose after many years of imprisonment for Stepan Glebov and the connection with him, for which the latter was subjected to a painful execution on a stake. Having obtained a letter of repentance from Evdokia and not daring to physically eliminate her, Tsar Peter transfers the Tsarina under strict supervision to the Ladoga Assumption Monastery, where she remains until the death of the Sovereign.
With the accession of Catherine I, she is imprisoned in the Shlisselburg fortress in a solitary cell with strict conditions, without the right to meet and correspond with anyone, not excluding priests. Even the guards did not know the name of their prisoner. In such conditions, Evdokia spent more than two years until she was released by her grandson Emperor Peter II - the son of Tsarevich Alexei.
The Supreme Privy Council issued a decree to restore the honor and dignity of the Empress, with the withdrawal of all documents discrediting her, and canceled its decision of 1722 on the appointment by the Emperor of an heir of his own design, without regard to the rights to the throne. "This disturbed Menshikov and all those who had once been hostile to the son of the liberated Tsaritsa and her relatives - the Lopukhins." An attempt was made to draw Evdokia into the intrigue around all this, but she found the strength to stay away. She was given the Queen's court and maintenance was assigned.
She settled in Moscow, first in the Novodevichy Convent, in the chambers she had known since childhood (the Lopukhin Chambers and the Lopukhin Tower have been preserved and still bear this name), and then moved to the Resurrection Monastery in the Kremlin. Tsarina Evdokia had to outlive her beloved grandchildren of Emperor Peter II and Grand Duchess Natalya Alekseevna.
The empress Anna Ioanovna, who reigned, also treated her with due respect and was present at the burial of Tsaritsa Evdokia in the Smolensky Cathedral of the Novodevichy Convent. Thus passed and ended the life of the last Russian Tsaritsa, who set an example, perhaps, of one of the most tragic fates of royal persons of that time.
The memory of the Empress Evdokia Feodorovna has been preserved in several portraits, personal items kept in Suzdal in the Intercession Monastery, numerous expensive contributions to many other monasteries and churches. It is also kept by the Church of the Archangel Michael, towering above the Spaso-Andronikov Monastery in Moscow, built at the expense of the Tsaritsa and other Lopukhins and which served for a long time as their family tomb.
In the Suzdal region of the Vladimir province. on the bank of the river Tezy is the village of Dunilovo, in which 12 churches and three monasteries have been preserved. This village in the ХVП-ХVШ centuries. owned by the Lopukhins. One of the monasteries - Annunciation - was built by the father of Empress Evdokia. There she met her son. Intercession Cathedral, also built by the Lopukhins, is the largest church with the largest parish. It contains the Miraculous Icon - a gift from Tsarina Evdokia and Tsar Peter.
Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Alexy P, visiting Dunilovo, called it "the pearl of ancient Russia."
In 1750, Ivan Yurievich Trubetskoy died. With his death, the era of the Russian boyars ended, the history of the clans that had served in the public service for centuries. It is interesting to remember their history today ...
Trubetskoy
The princes Trubetskoy belong to the Gediminovich dynasty, the descendants of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania. Representatives of this family went to the service of the Moscow Grand Dukes at the beginning of the 15th century.
By the end of the 17th century, Russia was already serving the ninth generation of this kind, whose representatives occupied the highest posts in the state: they were appointed governors, heads of orders, in embassies to foreign sovereigns.
In the "History of the birth of the Russian nobility" Ivan Yuryevich is called the last Russian boyar, in this capacity he was still surrounded by the young Peter I. Ivan Yuryevich was a long-liver, he died at the age of 83.
Ivan Yurievich Trubetskoy
Ivan Yurievich spent 18 years of his long life in Swedish captivity. He got there at the very beginning of the Northern War. The father of two daughters, had as sons-in-law the Moldavian ruler Dmitry Cantemir and Prince Ludwig-Wilhelm of Hesse-Homburg, Field Marshal General.
In captivity, Ivan Yuryevich from Baroness Wrede gave birth to a son, who was named Ivan. Ivan Ivanovich Betskoy became a well-known educator and teacher of the times of Catherine II, the founder and first president of the Academy of Arts.
Velyaminovs
The family originates from Shimon (Simon), the son of the Varangian prince Afrikan. In 1027 he arrived in the army of Yaroslav the Great and converted to Orthodoxy.
Shimon Afrikanovich is famous for participating in the battle with the Polovtsians on Alta and making the largest donation for the construction of the Caves Church in honor of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary: the precious belt and legacy of his father is a golden crown.
But the Velyaminovs were known not only for their courage and generosity: a descendant of the family, Ivan Velyaminov, fled to the Horde in 1375, but was later captured and executed on the Kuchkov field.
Coat of arms of the Velyaminovs
Despite the betrayal of Ivan Velyaminov, the family did not lose its significance: the last son of Dimitri Donskoy was baptized by Maria, the widow of Vasily Velyaminov, a Moscow thousand.
The following genera stood out from the Velyaminov family: Aksakov, Vorontsov, Vorontsov-Velyaminov.
Detail: Muscovites are still reminded of the noblest Moscow family of the Vorontsov-Velyaminovs by the name of the street Vorontsovo Pole.
Morozov
The clan of the Morozov boyars is an example of a feudal family from among the old Moscow untitled nobility. The founder of the surname is considered to be a certain Michael, who came from Prussia to serve in Novgorod. He was among the "six brave men" who showed special heroism during the Battle of the Neva in 1240.
The Morozovs faithfully served Moscow under Ivan Kalita and Dmitry Donskoy, occupying prominent positions at the Grand Duke's court. However, their family suffered greatly from the historical storms that overtook Russia in the 16th century. Many representatives of a noble family disappeared without a trace during the bloody oprichnina terror of Ivan the Terrible.
Fragment of a painting by V.I. Surikov "Boyar Morozova"
The 17th century was the last page in the centuries-old history of the family. Boris Morozov had no children, and the only heir of his brother, Gleb Morozov, was his son Ivan. By the way, he was born in a marriage with Feodosia Prokofievna Urusova - the heroine of the painting by V.I. Surikov "Boyarynya Morozova".
Ivan Morozov did not leave male offspring and turned out to be the last representative of a noble boyar family that ceased to exist in the early 80s of the 17th century.
Detail: The heraldry of the Russian dynasties took shape under Peter I, which is probably why the coat of arms of the Morozov boyars was not preserved.
Baturlins
According to the genealogical books, the Buturlin family comes from an “honest man” under the name Radsha, who left the Semigrad land (Hungary) at the end of the 12th century to the Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky.
Coat of arms of the Buturlin family
“My great-grandfather Racha served St. Nevsky as a muscle of battle,” wrote A.S. Pushkin in the poem "My Genealogy". Radsha became the ancestor of fifty Russian noble families in Tsarist Moscow, among them are the Pushkins, the Buturlins, and the Myatlevs...
But let us return to the Buturlin family: its representatives faithfully served first the grand dukes, then the sovereigns of Moscow and Russia. Their family gave Russia many prominent, honest, noble people, whose names are still known. Let's name just a few of them.
Ivan Mikhailovich Buturlin served as a roundabout under Boris Godunov, fought in the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia, conquered almost all of Dagestan. He died in battle in 1605 as a result of betrayal and deceit by the Turks and mountain foreigners.
His son Vasily Ivanovich Buturlin was the governor of Novgorod, an active associate of Prince Dmitry Pozharsky in his fight against the Polish invaders.
Ivan Ivanovich Buturlin
Ivan Ivanovich Buturlin was awarded the title of St. Andrew's Cavalier, General-in-Chief, Ruler of Little Russia for military and peaceful deeds. In 1721, he actively participated in the signing of the Peace of Nystadt, which put an end to the long war with the Swedes, for which Peter I awarded him the rank of general.
Vasily Vasilievich Buturlin was a butler under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, having done a lot for the reunification of Ukraine and Russia.
Sheremetevs
The Sheremetev family is descended from Andrey Kobyla. The fifth generation (great-great-grandson) of Andrei Kobyla was Andrei Konstantinovich Bezzubtsev, nicknamed Sheremet, from whom the Sheremetevs descended.
According to some versions, the surname is based on the Turkic-Bulgarian “sheremet” (“poor fellow”) and the Turkic-Persian “shir-muhammad” (“pious, brave Muhammad”).
Coat of arms of the Sheremetevs. Fragment of the lattice gate of the Sheremetev Palace.
Many boyars, governors, governors came out of the Sheremetev family, not only due to personal merit, but also due to kinship with the reigning dynasty.
So, the great-granddaughter of Andrei Sheremet was married to the son of Ivan the Terrible, Tsarevich Ivan, who was killed by his father in a fit of anger. And five grandchildren of A. Sheremet became members of the Boyar Duma.
The Sheremetevs took part in the wars with Lithuania and the Crimean Khan, in the Livonian War and the Kazan campaigns. Estates in Moscow, Yaroslavl, Ryazan, Nizhny Novgorod counties complained about their service.
Lopukhins
According to legend, they descend from the Kasozhian (Circassian) prince Rededi, the ruler of Tmutarakan, who was killed in 1022 in single combat with Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich (son of Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich, the baptizer of Russia). However, this fact did not prevent the son of Prince Rededi, Roman, from marrying the daughter of Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich.
Evdokia Fedorovna Lopukhina, Empress. The first wife of Tsar Peter I until 1698
It is authentically known that by the beginning of the XV century. the descendants of the Kasozhsky prince Rededi already bear the surname Lopukhins, serve in various ranks in the Novgorod principality and in the Moscow state and own lands. And from the end of the XV century. they become Moscow nobles and tenants at the Sovereign's Court, retaining the Novgorod and Tver estates and estates.
The outstanding family of the Lopukhins gave the Fatherland 11 governors, 9 governors-general and governors who ruled 15 provinces, 13 generals, 2 admirals. Lopukhins served as ministers and senators, headed the Cabinet of Ministers and the State Council.
Aksakovs
They come from the noble Varangian Shimon (in baptism Simon) Afrikovich or Ofrikovich, the nephew of the Norwegian king Gakon the Blind. Simon Afrikanovich arrived in Kyiv in 1027 with a retinue of three thousand and built at his own expense the Church of the Assumption of the Mother of God in the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, where he was buried.
The coat of arms of the Aksakovs was included in the fourth part of the "General Armorial"49, approved by Emperor Paul on December 7, 1799.
The surname of the Oksakovs (in the old days), and now the Aksakovs, came from one of his descendants, Ivan the Lame.
The word "oksak" means "lame" in Turkic languages.
Members of this family in pre-Petrine times served as governors, solicitors, stolniks and were rewarded for their good service with estates from Moscow sovereigns.
Some Lopukhins are an untitled Russian noble family, from the Kasogian prince Rededi and his descendant Vasily Lopukha, the coat of arms of the family is in the 3rd part of the "General Armorial of the Noble Families of the Russian Empire". The Lopukhins family is included in the 6th part of the noble genealogical books of the Vladimir, Kyiv, Moscow, Novgorod, Oryol, Pskov, Tver and Tula provinces.
Additional Information. Some nobles of the late 19th century with this surname. At the end of the line - the province and county to which they are assigned.
Lopukhin, Bor. Aldr., Zemsk. early Orlovsk. u., Orel. Oryol province. Maloarkhangelsky district. gg. nobles who have the right to vote.
Lopukhin, Vikt. Iv., ks. Oryol province. Karachev district. gg. nobles who have the right to elect directly and have a vote in all positions of the province. Meetings.
Lopukhin, Nikl. Iv., village Golovkovo. Smolensk province. Sychevsky district.
Lopukhina, Maria. Vladimir province. Gorohovets county.
Lopukhina, Nat. Os., village Golovkovo. Smolensk province. Sychevsky district.
On the 1st section of the cemetery of the Donskoy Monastery in Moscow are buried:
LOPUKHIN ALEXEY ALEKSANDROVICH 1813-1873 (see), friend of M.Yu. Lermontov
LOPUKHIN ALEXANDER?-1787, ensign
LOPUKHINA VARVARA ALEKSANDROVNA 1819-1873
LOPUKHINA EKATERINA ANDREEVNA, baby
LOPUKHINA EKATERINA 1835-1841
On the 6th section of the cemetery of the Donskoy Monastery in Moscow are buried:
LOPUKHINA LIDIIA ALEXEEVNA 1842-1895
LOPUKHINA MARIA ALEKSANDROVNA 1802-1877, friend of M.Yu. Lermontov, sister No. 1
LOPUKHINA MARIA ALEKSEEVNA 1840-1886
In addition, the tomb of the Lopukhins is located in the Spaso-Andronikov Monastery.
