We continue to analyze common mistakes in training final essays. Today we will analyze the shortcomings in the work, which deserves a “credit” according to all five criteria. The text is provided with minor edits. Pay attention to the notes to the highlighted words: after the composition, my brief explanations are given.
“In his life, a person often experiences an internal conflict, when the heart says one thing, and the mind says something completely different. Most often, such situations occur when a person needs to make a choice, for example, to save a life, his own or a friend, to help people. Sometimes we forget about the mind and succumb to the influence of feelings, and then regret the mistakes we made. But there are situations when it is strong feelings that push you to do good deeds. not only for the benefit of others, but also for yourself. 1
So, for example, in the story of Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin, Verochka, the wife of officer Almazov, not sparing her jewelry, immediately went to pawn them in a pawnshop. It was she who came up with a plan on how to help a loved one, and supported her husband in difficult times. In this story, a strong feeling - sincere love for her husband - helped Verochka not to sit idly by, but to do everything for Nikolai Evgrafovich and help him in any way.
Another example of the predominance of feelings over reason is the plot of N.V. Gogol's story "Taras Bulba". Andriy, the second son of Taras Bulba, fell in love with a beautiful lady, and during the war with the Poles, he learned that polish princess 2 located in a city where there is a war going on. Andriy could not resist his feelings and went over to the side of the enemy. Strong love made him abandon his father, brother, Motherland - make a big mistake, betray his fatherland. In this case, feelings outperformed 3 mind, resulting got 4 tragic consequences.
So, each of us is affected by emotions. But the main thing is to understand that no matter how strong the feelings are, you still need to be aware of what consequences they have and what will come of it.
Notes:
1. But there are also situations when it is strong feelings that push you to do good deeds. not only for the benefit of others, but also for themselves.
Error when using homogeneous members of a sentence, union not only but must attach the same homogeneous members. In this case, the first part erroneously attaches the construction “not only (to what?) for the good, but also (whom?) yourself.” Correctly: Not only for the benefit of others, but also for the benefit of yourself.
2. Andriy, the second son of Taras Bulba, fell in love with a beautiful lady, and during the war with the Poles, he learned that polish princess located in a city where there is a war going on.
Actual error. The daughter of a panna is not a princess, but only a lady. Perhaps the author makes this factual mistake, because he is familiar with the film adaptation. Gogol himself nowhere calls his beloved Andria that way. The girl's father is a pan, just a wealthy Polish or landowner, but not a king. Since the error is not gross, the literary argument is counted.
3/4. In this case, feelings outperformed 3 mind, resulting got 4 tragic consequences.
Lexical incompatibility. Not entirely appropriate use of the lexical unit "surpassed" and "succeeded". You can correct it, for example, like this: “In this case, the feeling turned out to be stronger than the mind, which led to tragic consequences.
Material prepared
Feelings against reason or why Boris is not a couple for Katerina
In Ostrovsky's drama "Thunderstorm" the main character is Katerina.
The drama tells about the tragic fate of a girl who could not fight for her love.
From "love and affection" Katerina ends up in the Kabanov family, in which she cannot express her point of view, argue about something.
The son of Kabanikha Tikhon, Katerina's husband, cannot argue with his mother in anything, just like Katerina. Kabanikha considers herself "higher" than others.
In this house she is a stranger, she is constantly, every day humiliated. She finds herself in an environment where there is nothing "holy and good".
Let's move on to the scene of the explanation of the main character Katerina with Boris:
This scene takes place in the finale, this scene is the denouement, the tragic denouement of their relationship.
They understand that their meetings do not make sense and they were a mistake. They say so, but somewhere deep down they don’t think so.
The internal state of the characters is not so easy to understand, but you can still understand from it. This helps us to make remarks.
For example, Boris, when meeting with Katerina, looks around all the time as if he is afraid that they will be seen. Katerina is the opposite of Boris in this regard: She behaves calmly, does not get nervous, does not worry, because she cannot hide the feeling she feels.
("Runs up to him and jumps on his neck").
Boris and her love for him is a small gap in the "dark kingdom" of her life. For him, she is ready to give up everything, leave her husband and this nasty mother-in-law Kabanikh: "Take me with you from here!") She is determined, which cannot be said from her nephew Wild - Boris - He cannot disobey him, argue with him. Because he depends on him financially .... He cannot give up everything for the sake of love !!!
“I’m not going of my own free will: my uncle sends ..” He doesn’t have his own opinion !!! Only weak loves become dependent on another person, Boris is weak, weak-willed. He does not want to change his life for the sake of some kind of love.
Katerina is stronger than Boris, but she also has more problems, he is a "free bird", and she is a "husband's wife."
At parting with Katerina, the weak-willed Boris cries, But why? It seems that he sympathizes with her, regrets, but he runs away from her, runs away from his "love", not thinking how hard it is for Katerina to live, how bad it is for her husband and Kabanikha. It is difficult for Katerina to say goodbye to Boris, she loves him, wants to stay with him longer and look at him. Boris wants to leave as soon as possible ... so as not to see her.
He believes that the best deliverance for her will be death! (“You only have to ask God for the bottom so that she dies as soon as possible, so that she doesn’t suffer for a long time! ..”) He worries about her, but he can’t save, he doesn’t want to! Because he sincerely does not love her.
He could have prevented death, but he didn't want to.
He leaves. After thinking, she nevertheless decides on the most disgusting act - suicide. Before leaving, she asked him to pray for her sinful soul. It is hard for her.
it is difficult for her to take this step. But betrayal pushes her.
She thinks that the house is worse than the grave and does it. She thinks that her life is over and throws herself into the river..
“How many times have they told the world ...” These are the words that come to mind when you start talking about the play “Thunderstorm” by the father of the Russian theater A.N. Ostrovsky. Yes, both the teachers and the textbook Russian critics D. Pisarev and N. Dobrolyubov “blurred” the work. Yes, and I looked at this work differently recently. Therefore, let's try to find everything in the play that will bring it closer to the modern reader, open it a little from the other side, although we will not do without textbook expressions (thank you, great ones!)
What is the play about? (Conflict and plot)
In the small provincial town of Kalinovo lives a family of merchants Kabanovs: mother, son Tikhon, daughter Varvara and son's wife Katerina (pay attention to the spelling of the name, very often I see EKATERIN in the writings, which is wrong, as it violates the style of the play). Mother, imperious and strong, completely suppressed her family and wants everyone to obey the rules of Domostroy (the 16th century, if anyone does not know), a set of laws that regulate family life. Tikhon obeys his mother, but finds an outlet in frequent business trips, where he drinks without waking up, Varvara lives according to the principle “do what you want, only to keep everything covered”. Meets with the clerk Kudryash. It is very difficult for Katerina to reconcile her desire to be happy in the family with the understanding of happiness in her husband's house, she wants to love and be loved. Boris, the nephew of the merchant Diky, becomes an outlet for Katerina, she rushes into love like into a whirlpool. But the torments of conscience make her confess her sin and commit suicide.
Here is a story, in my retelling similar to a soap opera.
The reason for creating the play was a story heard by Ostrovsky on a trip along the Volga. A young merchant's wife committed suicide by throwing herself into the pool. But! The writer saw in this melodramatic collision much more than just a cruel romance, and created a work of accusation.
There are two conflicts in the play: between Katerina and the "dark kingdom" and an internal conflict in the soul of the main character.
Parties to the conflict: Materials for an essay
Let's start with the Kalinov Society, which N.A. Dobrolyubov called the "dark kingdom".
Problem: what are the laws of the "dark kingdom"? Who are its pillars? How is his life?
We will answer all questions in sequence.
And further. Usually at school (and rightly so!) Kalinov is considered in Kuligin's monologue "Cruel morals, sir, in our city ...". But let's look at other things as well.
- The play begins with a scene with Kuligin and Kudryash. The first admires the beauty of the Volga and says that he has been looking at it for fifty years and cannot get enough of it. And Curly answers: “Nishto”, that is, nonsense, a whim. Here is the beginning of the conflict: Kuligin feels the passage of time, can admire the beauty of nature, but Kudryash does not see any of this, he is primitive, although he is brave and cunning. The same Kuligin says: “They made a boulevard, but they don’t walk around ... At six o’clock in the evening they sit at home, the gates are locked and the dogs are let down.” How! What have you distanced yourself from? The clock has not been repaired since it was struck by lightning. Here is the feature: they fenced themselves off from everyone, closed themselves off, time stopped there. Dark.
- There is an interesting character in the play - Feklusha. This person is a wanderer, but she did not go far from Kalinov, so she wanders around and around. All knowledge about the world Kalinovtsy draw from this lady. Well, for example, “in one land, the Turkish Sultan Mahnut sits on the throne, in the other, the Persian Mahnut. And they execute judgment throughout the whole earth…” Complete wildness! But the Kalinovites respect her, and she considers the city "the promised land." That's why this "kingdom" from a terrible fairy tale: Kalinov has nothing to do with reality.
- Who is the pillar of society in Kalinov? Two: Boar and Wild. These are rich merchants, one of them is a hypocrite, who believes that everything should be right: if the husband leaves, then you need to howl out loud, the mother-in-law must be respected to the point of servility, and if the wife has cheated, they must be buried alive in the ground. But she herself does not adhere to such rules, she is ready to play nice with Wild at her leisure. Wild is a tyrant. What it is? This is the psychological type. He says to himself: "I am very wild at heart." How to understand it? How long can you be in a state of anger? minute? Hour? No more, I think. And he is ALWAYS like this. And there is no life from him. He was also a coward: the hussar scolded him, and then the whole house hid in the attics for a day, while Dikoy could not answer the offender, but took revenge on the family.
- And the laws in the kingdom are appropriate: you can deceive the poor, profit from someone else's grief, let go of your hands, do not give away what you honestly earned, you can’t love, study, strive for knowledge - you can’t live like a human being. These laws are circumvented as best they can. Barbara lives according to the principle "do whatever you want, only to keep everything covered." Over time, a second Kabanikha will grow out of it. Kuligin withdrew into himself, withdrew, lives in his own world. But Katherine can't! Not that nature.
The idea: in the "dark kingdom" life stopped, the musty atmosphere swallowed up human feelings and desires. The worst thing is that this is a person's life, his everyday life, surrounding him every day, hour, minute. Life becomes a killer.
For the exam! Material about the "dark kingdom" can be used in an essay on the problem of "man and life", "the influence of society on man." It must be shown that society is able to change a person both for the better and for the worse (“dark kingdom”). You can protest and keep your principles, or you can adapt, but lose yourself, and then the person will either break down or become the same.
The image of Katerina
Problem: how does it appear before us? How is it shown? What is her tragedy?
Attention, USE! The image of Katerina is a direct illustration of the problem of human humiliation, or the problem of human freedom. A person must be free internally, this is his natural right - this is the thesis that must be illustrated with the help of the drama "Thunderstorm".
Here is such a play, sad, but making you think about your freedom, love, life. Thanks, A.N. Ostrovsky!
The material was prepared by Karelina Larisa Vladislavovna, teacher of the Russian language of the highest category, honorary worker of general education of the Russian Federation
Every day, being in the company of people who are unfamiliar, or not very well known, we draw conclusions about their internal state by their appearance, by the shadows of emotions that play on their faces. However, this does not always give the correct idea. In fact, some individuals hide their emotions so well that only a close, close acquaintance with them can reveal their inner content and reveal them for what they really are.
What causes internal conflict: feelings versus reason
We do not have the opportunity to look inside a person, into his soul. Otherwise, we would see an amazing and terrible picture of the eternal internal conflict that occurs between the perception of the world at the sensory level and the logical train of thought. Constant assessment of what is happening around again and again starts the process, the purpose of which is to analyze and make decisions in relation to a particular situation. And all this is weighed on two bowls: from an emotional point of view and from the point of view of cold, dry calculation.
Pros and cons of extreme positions
Some individuals in the decision-making process are guided only by cold calculations and logically verified constructions, which prompt them with almost mathematical accuracy the right decisions. In terms of normal sequence. Others rely on the world of sensual emotional sensations, not paying attention to the first clue lying on the surface, they put themselves in the place of those around them and follow what is called “the dictates of the heart”.
The first case is dry and boring. The actions of such people are predictable and devoid of brightness. The latter may overly succumb to emotions and, in the literal sense, do not calculate the degree of their impact on the environment.
At the same time, both types of people live in harmony with themselves and do not suffer from the most difficult conflict put at the head of this essays.
Golden mean
I believe that both of these forces exist in everyone in order to balance each other. Then, taking any action, we will perform actions consistent with common sense, but adjusted, depending on how painful they can be for others, or, on the contrary, add a joyful mood.
Composition "Internal conflict: feelings against reason" (Var 2)
Man by nature is a very complex being. His actions are very difficult to predict. Reason, as a rule, tries to find the best option for resolving a particular situation. But still, often, our feelings also come into play in the decision-making process. As a matter of fact, in connection with this, internal conflict of feeling and reason.
What is internal struggle?
Everyone has experienced an inner struggle at least once in their life. Usually, the feelings that live in our hearts make us take unwise or risky actions. And the voice of reason, in turn, is trying with all its might to save people from danger. This struggle is a very complex process.
internal struggle
Speaking about true feelings, I would like to turn to the work of Alexander Nikolayevich Ostrovsky - "Thunderstorm". After all, the main character of the play experienced the same conflict between feeling and reason. She understands that she must be faithful to her husband, but still Katerina's heart belongs to her beloved Boris. The girl was the personification of a bright and pure personality. In fact, she is a ray of light in the dark kingdom of the Kabanovs. The main character sees the same ray in Boris. Strictly speaking, it is on this basis that the girl has a contradiction between feelings and reason.
However, Katherine she gave up trying to come to terms with the fact that she would live life with a person for whom she did not feel anything. She tried to come to terms with the fact that she would live in a house to which her soul did not lie. It was the voice of reason. He tried to convince the girl that marriage of convenience was the right choice. Katerina believed that the members of the new family would be favorable to her, but this never happened. The girl wanted warmth and love.
Choice made
The main character often dreamed of what she was so afraid of in reality and she tried to overcome her dreams. Nevertheless, human nature has triumphed over the hardened orders. At some point, the main character begins to feel like a woman. She has an irresistible desire to love and, of course, to be loved. With all this, Katerina is constantly tormented by doubts. She feels a sense of fear, understands that she can make a mistake and it gnaws at her. The impossibly difficult struggle that the girl is going through leads to a sad outcome. Obeying the voice of her heart, the girl begins to think that she has no forgiveness. These thoughts drove her to commit suicide.
Probably many, at least once, but still had to worry internal conflict. Reason thus tries to protect people from trouble. I believe that you should always listen to your heart. But before making a final decision, you need to weigh the pros and cons. But before making any decision, it is necessary that reason and feeling reach a compromise.
Other writings
People are driven by different impulses. Sometimes they are driven by sympathy, a warm attitude, and they forget about the voice of reason. You can divide humanity into two halves. Some people constantly analyze their behavior, they are used to thinking through every step. Such individuals are practically not amenable to deception. However, it is extremely difficult for them to arrange their personal lives. Because from the moment they meet a potential soulmate, they begin to look for benefits and try to derive a formula for perfect compatibility. Therefore, noticing such a mindset, others move away from them.
Others are completely subject to the call of feelings. During love, it is difficult to notice even the most obvious realities. Therefore, they are often deceived and suffer greatly from this.
The complexity of relations between representatives of different sexes is that at different stages of the relationship, men and women use a reasonable approach too much, or vice versa, trust the choice of a course of action to the heart.
The presence of fiery feelings, of course, distinguishes humanity from the animal world, but without iron logic and some calculation it is impossible to build a cloudless future.
There are many examples of people suffering because of their feelings. They are vividly described in Russian and world literature. An example is the work of Leo Tolstoy "Anna Karenina". If the main character had not fallen in love recklessly, but had trusted the voice of reason, she would have remained alive, and the children would not have to experience the death of their mother.
Both reason and feelings must be present in consciousness in approximately equal proportions, then there is a chance for absolute happiness. Therefore, one should not refuse in some situations the wise advice of older and more intelligent mentors and relatives. There is a popular wisdom: "A smart person learns from the mistakes of others, and a fool learns from his own." If you draw the correct conclusion from this expression, you can humble the impulses of your feelings in some cases, which can adversely affect fate.
Although sometimes it is very difficult to make an effort on yourself. Especially if sympathy for a person overwhelms. Some feats and self-sacrifices are made out of great love for faith, country, and one's own duty. If the armies used only cold calculation, they would hardly raise their banners over the conquered heights. It is not known how the Great Patriotic War would have ended if it were not for the love of the Russian people for their land, relatives and friends.
Composition 2 option
Mind or feelings? Or maybe something else? Can reason be combined with feelings? This is the question every person asks himself. When you are faced with two opposites, one side screams, choose the mind, the other screams that you can’t go anywhere without feelings. And you don't know where to go and what to choose.
The mind is a necessary thing in life, thanks to it we can think about the future, make our plans and achieve our goals. Thanks to our mind, we become more successful, but it is the feelings that make people out of us. Feelings are not inherent in everyone and they are different, both positive and negative, but it is they that make us do unimaginable things.
Sometimes, thanks to feelings, people perform such unrealistic actions that it took years to achieve this with the help of reason. So what to choose? Everyone chooses for himself, having chosen the mind, a person will follow one path and, perhaps, be happy, choosing feelings, a completely different road promises a person. No one can predict in advance whether it will be good for him from the chosen path or not, we can draw conclusions only at the end. As to the question whether the mind and the senses can cooperate with each other, I think they can. People can love each other, but understand that in order to create a family, they need money, and for this they need to work or study. Here in this case, the mind and feelings act together.
It seems to me that these two concepts only start working together when you grow up. While a person is small, he has to choose between two paths, it is very difficult for a small person to find points of contact between reason and feeling. Thus, a person always faces a choice, every day he has to fight with it, because sometimes the mind can help in a difficult situation, and sometimes feelings are pulled out of a situation where the mind would be powerless.
Brief essay
Many believe that the mind and feelings are two things that are completely incompatible with each other. But to me, they are two parts of the same whole. There are no feelings without reason and vice versa. Everything we feel, we think about, and sometimes when we think, feelings appear. These are two parts that create an idyll. If at least one of the components is missing, then all actions will be in vain.
For example, when people fall in love, they must turn on their mind, since it is he who can evaluate the whole situation and tell the person whether he made the right choice.
The mind helps not to make a mistake in serious situations, and feelings are sometimes able to intuitively suggest the right path, even if it seems unrealistic. Mastering the two components of one whole is not as easy as it sounds. On the path of life, you will have to face considerable difficulties until you yourself learn to control and find the right facet of these components. Of course, life is not perfect and sometimes it is necessary to turn off one thing.
You can't always balance. Sometimes you need to trust your feelings and make a leap forward, this will be an opportunity to feel life in all its colors, regardless of whether the choice is right or not.
Composition on the topic Reason and feelings with arguments.
Final essay on literature Grade 11.
