Senile insanity occurs in most cases due to diseases of the vascular system, including due to hypertension. For the male half of the population, excess weight is also a provoking factor, so you need to carefully monitor the state of your body.

Prolonged stress can also disrupt brain function, which can lead to irreversible consequences not only in the elderly, but also at a young age.

Let's understand the concepts and terms

Marasmus (degradation-decay of personality or senile dementia) is a disease that gradually progresses and leads to irreversible disorders.

This condition provokes atrophy of all processes occurring in the brain, which arise due to diseases and changes in the circulatory system. Heredity and stressful situation can weigh down.

It is impossible to notice oddities in the patient's behavior immediately, the person becomes gradually absent-minded, forgetful, self-centered.

The signs of dementia will become more pronounced and noticeable as it progresses. In the end, the patient will no longer recognize his relatives and friends, will lose all his skills, and will require constant monitoring and assistance.

Senile dementia is acquired over time and leads to the disintegration of mental functions. Marasmus can be diagnosed not only in the elderly, but also quite young, even in infancy.

Dementia in youth is a rare disease. This condition does not lend itself to independent therapy, but requires a specific and careful approach, especially from relatives.

In modern medicine, the following types of insanity are distinguished:

1. Alimentary insanity (alimentary dystrophy). This type of pathology occurs due to protein-energy deficiency. This condition is diagnosed in children under the age of twelve months (which is why it is often called "infantile insanity").
2. Senile insanity (senile dementia, sclerosis) is the disintegration of the personality, which is considered a negative disorder. In this condition, the patient may lose real contact with the outside world and people.
3. There is also physical insanity, but this condition is diagnosed quite rarely. In a patient, this condition is equated with cachexia, and manifests itself in the form of wilting. Very often, experts call this deviation dementia.

Why do old people fall into insanity?

Marasmus can occur and progress as a result of many provoking factors, ranging from prolonged fever to atrophic changes in the brain. Also very often this pathological deviation affects people who had relatives with this diagnosis. But, one should not exclude the influence of external factors, such as infectious and internal diseases.

Senile insanity is also manifested in such diseases and pathologies of the central nervous system:

Senile dementia also occurs due to genetic programming, degenerative changes in nerve cells. Very often, stressful situations, nervous strain can also influence the progression of the pathological process. The most susceptible to degradation are patients who are alone or mentally unstable, so insanity is diagnosed in elderly people of retirement age.

Alcohol abuse can also have a great influence on personality disintegration and dementia. Do not forget that insanity can occur due to increased pressure, which affects the state of the vessels of the brain, and as a result, the development of schizophrenia, epilepsy, intoxication and injury occurs.

Complex of symptoms and manifestations

Senile insanity and concomitant dementia have a considerable number of symptoms by which it is possible to identify the initial stages of personality decay:

1. Memory disorder. With a mild degree of dementia, minor gaps in short-term memory may occur. The patient may forget the number that he just talked about or some event that happened to him during the day. With a severe degree of pathology, long-term memory begins to suffer. The patient begins to forget relatives and friends, who he worked for, what kind of education he has. Gradually, disorientation develops.
2. Violation of speech function.
3. Gradually, the patient loses the ability to respond to several stimuli at the same time, unable to concentrate on one lesson. It must be said that problems with orientation begin from the first days of the disease. The patient ceases to orient not only in time, but also in space. The patient may even forget his own name.
4. Personality changes and behavioral disorders. These violations occur gradually and are manifested in the strengthening of some specific character traits. A person can become selfish, too suspicious or touchy.
5. The patient stops thinking logically. Quite strange, and even crazy ideas can arise.
6. Emotional disorders. The patient may be depressed, have hanged anxiety or tearfulness, he may become embittered or indifferent.
7. There are perceptual disturbances, illusions and hallucinations.
8. Decreased critical attitude not only to oneself, but also to the world around.

In life, such patients look unpleasant:

Examination by a specialist

After the onset of symptoms, you should contact a neurologist or psychiatrist. If you ignore the signs, then the pathology will progress and lead to serious deviations, even death.

To make a diagnosis, the specialist conducts a conversation with the patient, offers to undergo various tests that help assess memory and cognitive abilities. The patient may be asked to draw something on paper, to tell something from well-known facts, or to explain the meaning of an elementary concept.

During the interview, the specialist must adhere to standard methods. Attention is paid to the symptoms, how long the signs of senile dementia are observed and how strongly they manifest themselves, as well as concomitant diseases.

To recognize whether atrophic processes are occurring in the brain, the patient may be referred for computed tomography. Treatment is prescribed based on the conversation and the results of the examination.

Possibilities of modern medicine

With timely and properly selected treatment, the prognosis is quite favorable. It must be remembered and understood that senile insanity is an irreversible process, but if timely treatment is carried out, the patient's condition will remain at the same level and the pathology will stop progressing, thus it is possible to stop the disintegration of the personality and prolong the life of a person for several more years.

Treatment of senile dementia and sclerosis will depend on the provoking factors. With degenerative processes in the brain, cells gradually die and the process becomes irreversible, the disease gradually progresses.

Therefore, with Alzheimer's disease and other degenerative pathologies, the patient cannot be cured. The main goal of a specialist is to suspend the permissive processes in the brain.

With senile insanity, drug therapy is not used. With a severe degree of pathology, the patient needs additional, third-party help, so a nurse may be needed.

With the development of dementia, it is recommended that the patient move as much as possible and be interested in the world around him, constantly deal with it. If the patient leads a sedentary lifestyle, then he will develop lung pathology, there will be problems with appetite, bedsores will occur and joint diseases will begin to progress.

If insomnia provoked a mental disorder or depression, you can prescribe a drug. With severe fussiness and mental disorder, it is better for the patient to take neuroleptic drugs.

Patient support - what should relatives do?

Relatives, in order to maintain the condition of a patient who has senile insanity, must adhere to the following recommendations:

• create a favorable homely atmosphere;
• it is necessary to conduct a conversation in a calm atmosphere;
• address the patient by name;
• when talking, you should not use abstruse phrases or words, if necessary, repeat what the patient did not understand;
• constantly remember the old days;
• help in everyday affairs, support him.

How long to live is a painful but important question

As mentioned earlier, senile insanity can lead to memory impairment, speech function and other pathologies.

As for life expectancy, it will depend on concomitant diseases, the general condition of the patient, the progression of the disease, social activity, heredity, the relationship of relatives to the patient, nutrition, lifestyle and other factors.

Having studied the statistical data, we came to the conclusion that the life expectancy in senile insanity depends on the concomitant pathology and is approximately:

• with dementia with Alzheimer's disease, they live no more than 15 years (the prognosis depends on the diseases that have joined this condition, death can occur within a few weeks or months);
• with dementia with Parkinson's disease, the patient can live for several years;
• with insanity caused by Huntington's disease, they live no more than 15 years;
• with frontal dementia, the patient lives no more than 9 years;
• with dementia with Lewy bodies, the patient can live no more than 7 years;
• with vascular dementia, life expectancy will be no more than a year, everything will depend on the patient's condition and comorbidities.

In any situation, the prognosis is unfavorable and the disease sooner or later leads to death. With senile insanity, the patient becomes disabled, insane, incompetent.

To prevent senile sclerosis and dementia, it is necessary to eat right, supply the body with vitamins and minerals.

It is worth observing the daily regimen and conducting timely examination, treatment of provoking diseases.

This section was created to take care of those who need a qualified specialist, without disturbing the usual rhythm of their own lives.

Source: http://neurodoc.ru/bolezni/drugie/starcheskij-marazm.html

Senile dementia - symptoms, treatment, how long they live

It is difficult to determine how long older people live without treatment for the symptoms of senile dementia. But complex treatment is very important to slow down the process of human degradation. Senile dementia or "senile dementia" has characteristic symptoms.

Causes of the disease

The causes of dementia in a person include the following reasons:

• age criterion that is beyond the mark of 60 years;
• the presence of a person's bad habits;
• excessive interest in the Internet (in particular, people suffering from gambling addiction);
• eating a large amount of carbohydrate foods.

One of the reasons may still be the presence of a certain type of disease in a person:

• insufficient amount of B vitamins (in particular, B12 and B3), as well as folic acid;
• injury to the craniocerebral box;
• Alzheimer's disease;
• vascular diseases of the brain;
• dependence of a person on drugs;
• the presence of AIDS;
• multiple sclerosis;
• impaired functioning of the thyroid gland;
• Pick's disease.

Of course, this is not the whole list of reasons leading to the development of dementia, with special care every person, regardless of his age category, needs to treat his nervous system.

Symptoms of the disease and its signs

Upon reaching the age of 60, it's time for every person to pay attention to their health. And when the first symptoms that are incomprehensible to him appear, contact your doctor for diagnosis.

It is the non-treatment of patients with the development of dementia in the elderly in the early stages of the disease that leads to its progression.

Dementia in the elderly does not have pronounced symptoms at the beginning of the development of the disease, but they can still be noticed:

1. The patient has impaired types of memory (short-term, long-term). He moves away in memories of his childhood or youth, he can ask about long-dead relatives as if they were alive. The time span is lost.
2. Manifestation of social maladaptation.
3. The patient does not want to: be interested in changes in the world around him, communicate with close relatives or friends.
4. Closes in on itself.
5. There are violations of speech (most often it is unrelated), movements.
6. With the further development of the disease, self-service skills are lost.
7. In addition, the function of orientation in space and time is disturbed.

Symptoms accompanying the disease are as follows:

• strengthening of personal traits, for example, a person who had such a quality as frugality before illness most often becomes greedy;
• the patient shows features of egoism, he begins to demand more and more attention to his person, others should sympathize with him, empathize, although the patient himself does not show any feelings towards other people;
• in addition, there may be an increased sense of anxiety and a tendency to a depressive state.

Useful video on the topic

Watch a video about the treatment of symptoms of senile dementia and how long such patients live:

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How drug treatment is carried out

When making this diagnosis, the doctor must prescribe medications to the patient for treatment. I would like to note that there is no single list of them, since everyone has their own reasons that provoked the development of the disease.

Accordingly, the name of the disease is the same for everyone, but the treatment is different, so in no case should you self-medicate.

The following groups of drugs are most often prescribed:

• to improve the blood circulation process - these are Bilobil, Intellan, Memoplant;
• to improve the psycho-emotional state of the patient - this is "Glycine", "Novopassit";
• from nootropic drugs - these are Divaza, Noopept;
• from calcium antigonists - this is "Cerebrolysin";
• anticoagulants are prescribed to prevent cerebral infarction.

In addition, treatment should be done at home so as not to injure the already shaken psyche of an elderly person.

It is also required to review the patient's diet, to exclude to the maximum the presence of fatty and fried foods. Spend more time outdoors and engage in feasible physical exercises.

How long can you live with this disease

The answer to this question lies in the characteristics of the following components:

• at what stage is the disease;
• the presence of exposure to harmful factors of life, these include irritants of the nervous system and bad habits of a person;
• the attitude of relatives towards the sick person.

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The process of obtaining custody of an elderly person

How to get custody of an elderly person with senile dementia? This process takes more than one day.

After the doctors have made this diagnosis, relatives who want to arrange guardianship must apply to the court with a statement of claim to recognize the patient as incapacitated. The future guardian should provide all the certificates and follow the instructions provided.

Most often these are the following documents:

• a copy of the court decision on recognition of incapacity;
• a copy of the passport of the intended guardian;
• a copy of the patient's passport;
• a statement from a person about the desire to appoint him as a guardian (in the form issued by the guardianship authorities);
• an act on the study of the living conditions of the guardian (carried out by the guardianship and guardianship authorities);
• characteristics from the place of work of the prospective guardian;
• a medical report on the state of health of a person wishing to arrange guardianship.

After all the documents are collected, the guardianship and guardianship authorities issue a decision on your appointment. Monthly payments for the maintenance of the patient are assigned. For the expenditure of these funds, the guardian must submit a written report, accompanied by checks, once a year.

Features of nutrition and diet in senile dementia

The use of curcumin and cinnamon for cooking can slow down the formation of amyloid plaques in the cerebral cortex. Thanks to this action, these seasonings contribute to the prevention of dementia, inhibit the progression of already developed dementia.

Avoid fatty fried foods. Meat and flour products should be present in moderation.

Do not get carried away too much plant foods. This is due to the content of phytoestrogens in vegetarian products, which are useful only at a young age, and they can have a negative effect on older people.

Drinking coffee in reasonable amounts is beneficial. It prevents degenerative processes in the brain, lowering cholesterol levels, and prevents the development of atherosclerosis.

Alcohol abuse destroys personality. But having a glass of good red wine in your diet can help prevent or delay the onset of dementia. Red wine contains polyphenols that prevent the development of pathological processes in the brain.

The most suitable for dementia is considered to be the Mediterranean diet.

Products included in the diet when it is observed:

1. Vegetables, fruits, legumes.
2. Nuts.
3. Olive oil as a dressing for salads and second courses.
4. Fish and seafood in small quantities should be on the menu daily.
5. Occasionally meat, poultry and eggs are allowed.
6. Sour-milk products, cheese only low-fat varieties.
7. Red wine no more than one glass a day.

With dementia, there is a loss of appetite. In the early stages, it decreases, and subsequently, patients may not feel full and overeat. It is important to properly organize the diet. Food should be eaten often, in small portions.

In addition to matching the diet, food must necessarily match the taste of the patient, have a beautiful appearance. It is advised to cook one dish for each appointment so that the patient is not confused when making a choice.

Traditional medicine for senile dementia

At the first suspicion of the onset of the development of senile dementia, when the patient has a slight memory impairment, alcohol tinctures from:

All these drugs are sold in pharmacies. Systematic reception has a positive effect on memory, improves attention, and facilitates easier assimilation of information.

At home, you can independently prepare the following medicinal drinks.

1. Juice made from blueberries. Drinking a glass every day will slow down the development of atherosclerosis, improve memory and stop the development of dementia.
2. Tincture from the root of elecampane.

50 grams of medicinal plant roots are poured into 0.5 liters of vodka and infused for a month. In the process of preparation, the tincture is periodically shaken. Assign a tablespoon before meals.

50 grams of bark finely crushed. Place in an enamel bowl and pour a glass of water. Put on the fire, after boiling, reduce the heat and cook for five minutes. Leave to infuse for five hours, then filter. Take a quarter of a glass five times a day.

1. A decoction of peppermint leaves. In an enamel bowl, a tablespoon of medicinal raw materials is poured with a glass of boiling water and boiled over low heat for about ten minutes. Allow to cool and drink ½ cup in the morning and at night. This decoction helps to cope with concomitant insomnia.
2. Decoction of fennel fruit and valerian root.

Mix the components in equal amounts. Two tablespoons of the resulting mixture are placed in an enamel bowl and poured with two glasses of water. Put on fire and bring to a boil. Reduce heat and simmer for 10 minutes. Allow to cool and insist for an hour. The resulting broth is drunk with increased irritability and excitement in a glass twice a day.

With senile dementia, a good result can be achieved after a course of treatment with baths with the addition of medicinal herbs:

1. A mixture of rosehip roots and juniper twigs.
2. Angelica root.
3. A mixture of calamus root, lemon balm, yarrow, mint, wormwood herb and pine buds, taken in equal parts.

Consequences and complications

1. Sleep disorders. Patients begin to confuse the time of day. They may sleep through the day and then complain of insomnia. This condition is difficult to tolerate by patients and causes trouble to others.
2. Change in behavior. Appears aggressiveness and hostility to others. Obsessive delusional experiences appear. Patients feel that they are being persecuted with the intent to harm them. When the situation changes, hallucinations in the form of visions and voices may join.
3. Agnosia. With the progression of dementia, patients with normal vision cease to recognize friends and relatives. When leaving the house, they are lost in space, they can get lost, and are unable to return home without assistance.
4. Rave. Thinking disorder appears. Patients invent non-existent events, sometimes in a distorted form. The most characteristic ideas of persecution and threats from others. Delirium can be for a short or long period of time. Sometimes it disappears completely.
5. Depressed mood. While maintaining a critical assessment of their condition, many patients have a hard time experiencing their helplessness. They begin to present a wide variety of complaints. Patients begin to sleep poorly and refuse food, resulting in weight loss. When stressful situations and unpleasant events occur, depression intensifies. Depressed mood causes the progression of dementia.

With its further development, criticism is lost and depression disappears.

1. Numerous fractures as a result of frequent falls caused by lack of coordination.
2. Dysfunction of the pelvic organs:

• involuntary urination;
• fecal incontinence.

Preventive measures are aimed at combating the main risk factors.

1. Moderate physical activity:

• daily walks in the fresh air;
• morning run;
• physical education and amateur sports;
• hard work in the countryside.

1. Healthy lifestyle.

Rejection of bad habits:

• smoking;
• alcohol abuse;
• addiction;
• substance abuse.

1. Rational healthy balanced diet:

• refusal of fatty foods;
• reduction in the amount of carbohydrates consumed;
• the presence in the diet of fruits and vegetables, seafood and fish;
• use of olive oil in cooking.

1. In women with the onset of menopause, it is advisable to prescribe hormonal drugs as replacement therapy.
2. Carrying out hardening procedures.
3. Avoid exposure to toxic substances. Choose a place of work with no professional harm.
4. Try to avoid head injuries. Observe safety precautions.
5. Constantly train your memory, solve crossword puzzles, get new knowledge.
6. Travel, visit, communicate with new people, constantly try to get new information and positive emotions.

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I didn’t know that there is such a disease, and now, realizing what it can lead to, I get scared .. it seems to me that the person who suffers from it has just horror going on in his head! And it becomes difficult for him to live, not to mention those around him. Hope my family gets away with it!

My mother (77 years old) suffers from dementia ... now she lives with us, she is completely inadequate, it is impossible to live with such a person - she doesn’t sleep at night and doesn’t let us, she walks around the apartment, turns on the gas, turns on the water, urinates on the floor or in bed, strips naked, sexually disinhibited, hallucinations - sees deceased relatives in the apartment, now we are registering it in a private boarding house for psychiatric patients ....

everything is the same with my father-in-law, but it’s not much more complicated, we live in a one-room apartment, my son is 9 years old, all this is in front of him because of him, the child began to refuse food, you can say completely when I feed him, he looks after me constantly washed I washed the plate well then he eats a cup and cooks it only in front of him, the child disdains then he only eats, and so I can’t leave them unattended, I come, I don’t know what to take, everything will scatter, and it’s a pity to live in the old people’s house

Source: http://feedmed.ru/bolezni/psihicheskie/starcheskoe-slaboumie.html

Senile dementia: symptoms, causes. Drugs for senile dementia

Senile dementia is a disease that can appear in a person at an advanced age. Dementia is popularly known as senile dementia. The disease develops as a result of atrophic processes that occur in the brain.

In old age, most people in all organs and systems begin to experience irreversible processes, malfunctions. Mental activity is also disturbed, deviations in this area are divided into emotional, behavioral and cognitive. Dementia is associated with many disorders, but is closely associated with cognitive impairment. Simply put, against this background, patients have reduced emotionality, frequent unreasonable depressions appear, and gradually the personality begins to degrade.

Manifestations of dementia

When does dementia start to appear? Symptoms tend to show up in old age. The disease affects such psychological processes as memory, speech, attention, thinking. Already at the earliest stages of the onset of vascular dementia, disorders manifest themselves quite significantly, which cannot but affect the quality of life. A person begins to forget about the acquired skills, and he simply cannot master new ones. Such patients are forced to leave the professional field, they need constant care of the household.

Stages of development of the disease

Senile dementia begins to appear gradually. Mental activity worsens, the patient loses his individual characteristics that were inherent in him. If the disease progresses, then it takes a total form.

Initially, others may not even notice that an elderly person suffers from senile dementia. Personal changes come gradually. Negative character traits can be perceived by relatives as features of old age. An elderly person may show conservatism in conversation, stinginess, selfishness, a desire to teach others. After all, this may not always mean that senile dementia has come. What to do around and close? Carefully observe the intellectual state of your elderly relatives. With the development of the disease, thought processes and attention deteriorate. The patient begins to summarize information poorly, draw conclusions, adequately analyze the situation.

Gradually, the personality becomes coarsened, senile features appear: callousness, stinginess, anger, interests narrow, views turn into stereotyped ones. It also happens that the patient becomes self-satisfied and completely careless, he loses moral skills, does not adhere to moral standards. With peculiarities in sexual desire, some kind of sexual perversions may even arise.

As for the memory of the sick, incredible things happen here. A person often forgets what happened to him yesterday, but clearly remembers the pictures of the distant past. Therefore, many suffering from senile dementia live in the past, remember themselves as young, consider themselves young, call those around them by names from the past, and often go somewhere on the road.

External forms of behavior often do not change, gestures remain the same, familiar, characteristic of this person, he uses expressions inherent in him. Therefore, relatives do not notice that an elderly person develops senile dementia, treatment, they believe, is not required.

Three degrees of disease

Depending on the social adaptation of the individual, there are three pronounced degrees of the disease.

1. Mild dementia. Professional skills are degraded, the patient's social activity decreases, interest in entertainment and favorite activities weakens. At the same time, orientation in the surrounding space is not lost, a person independently provides for his life activity.
2. The average or moderate degree of dementia does not allow leaving the patient without additional supervision. At this stage, the ability to use household appliances is lost. Often a person is not able to independently open even the door lock. In common parlance, this degree of severity is referred to as "senile insanity." In everyday life, patients need constant help, but from the point of view of personal hygiene, they completely serve themselves.
3. Severe degree. Senile dementia can lead to complete maladjustment and degradation of the personality. The disease at this stage is characterized by the fact that the patient needs constant care, he cannot take care of himself. Relatives have to dress him, feed him, wash him, and so on.

Forms of dementia

There are two main forms of senile dementia - lacunar (partial or dysmnestic) and total.

With lacunar dementia, there are serious deviations in short-term memory, while emotional changes (sensitivity, tearfulness) are not pronounced.

Total senile dementia, the symptoms of which are more pronounced, has a complex form. Criticism in a person is sharply reduced, reactions are lost, personality is leveled. Personal degradation occurs, emotional-volitional activity changes radically. A person loses a sense of duty, shame, and at the same time loses spiritual and life values.

Types of senile dementia

Depending on what signs of senile dementia appear, experts divide the disease into several types:

Partial dementia. In this case, memory disorders, emotional state are pronounced. There is increased weakness, fatigue. The mood is mostly low.

Epileptic dementia. This type develops gradually, it does not appear immediately. A person is prone to fine details of events, to revenge, becomes vindictive and pedantic. The person's horizons are reduced, most often speech becomes poor. Often the main symptoms of epilepsy appear.

Schizophrenic dementia. With this type of dementia, it is better to hospitalize the patient immediately in order to prevent a complete change in personality. The signs of the state are complete isolation, emotional coldness, loss of connection with the outside world, decrease in activity, isolation from reality.

Medical classification of types of dementia

• Dementia of the atrophic type. These include Pick's disease and Alzheimer's. Often, diseases occur against the background of initial degenerative reactions that occur in the cells of the central nervous system.
• Vascular dementia (hypertension, atherosclerosis). The disease develops due to pathologies that have arisen in the vascular system of the brain and blood circulation.
• mixed dementia. The mechanism of occurrence is similar to both vascular and atrophic dementias.

Who can get the disease

Why does senile dementia appear? The causes of the disease, doctors can not yet name. Many agree that hereditary predisposition plays an important role in the appearance of the disease. This theory is confirmed by the presence of cases of "familial dementia". Atrophic processes of the brain play an important role, which can progress under the influence of certain factors. After a severe stroke, senile dementia may occur. Symptoms (treatment requires a long time) constantly accompany the disease.

It happens that dementia can develop after pathologies that lead to the death of brain cells, due to trauma to the skull, tumors in the brain, with multiple sclerosis, and alcoholism.

Older people who lead an active, healthy lifestyle, both mentally and physically, are much less likely to experience this disease. Often, senile dementia manifests itself in those who are more often in a depressed mood, have weak immunity, poor living conditions for life.

Senile dementia: symptoms, treatment

For any type of dementia relevant signs:

• Emotional-volitional. Manifested in causeless aggression, apathy, tearfulness.
• Intelligent. Violated attention, thinking, speech, up to the collapse of the personality.

Often, a doctor diagnoses dementia when cognitive dysfunction occurs after a stroke or heart attack. A harbinger of the development of the disease can be considered weakened attention. The patient begins to complain that he cannot clearly concentrate his attention on anything, concentrate.

The characteristic symptoms include a shaky, mincing gait, changes in the timbre of the voice, articulation. Sometimes there is swallowing dysfunction. Slowed intellectual processes can also serve as an alarm signal, a person slowly analyzes the information received, finds it difficult to organize his activities. Over time, physical signs appear: muscles weaken, pupils narrow, hands tremble, the skin becomes very dry, and sometimes the functions of internal organs are disturbed. As the disease progresses, hallucinations and delusions appear.

This is how senile dementia manifests itself. How many live with this disease? This question interests many. The answer to it cannot be unambiguous. Dementia is not a cause of death. Sometimes any manifestations of the disease (inattention, loss of orientation) can lead an elderly person to an accident.

When diagnosing dementia, the doctor conducts testing, during which the patient is given tasks that he must complete in a certain time.

Vascular dementia

When it comes to vascular dementia, it is worth noting that memory deviations do not manifest themselves so significantly. But the emotional state requires increased attention. All patients are subject to constant mood swings. Laughing to tears, they can immediately sob bitterly. Very often they are visited by hallucinations, they show apathy to everything that surrounds them. Sometimes they suffer from epileptic seizures. With vascular dementia, motor activity, gestures, and facial expressions are impaired. There are urinary disorders. Such patients are characterized by slovenliness, indifference to personal hygiene.

Senile dementia: treatment, drugs

In the therapeutic treatment of dementia, there are no template, standard methods. Each case is individual and is considered by the doctor separately. This is due to the huge mass of pathogenic mechanisms that preceded the disease. It is worth noting that it is completely impossible to cure dementia, the disorders caused by brain damage are irreversible.

What drugs are most commonly used for dementia? For treatment, neuroprotectors are used, they have a positive effect on the brain, improving metabolism in tissues. An important role in therapy is played by the direct treatment of precisely those diseases that led to dementia.

In cognitive processes, calcium antagonists are used, these include cerebrolysin, as well as nootropic drugs. If the patient has prolonged depression, the doctor prescribes antidepressants. To avoid cerebral infarction, it is recommended to take anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents.

Particular attention should be paid to a healthy lifestyle. In old age, it is simply necessary to completely abandon alcohol and smoking, too salty and fatty foods. It is recommended to spend more time outdoors, to move.

Medications are mainly used to relieve certain symptoms. Psychotropic drugs are prescribed for periodic anxiety, sleep disorders, manifestations of delirium, hallucinations. The doctor tries to prescribe drugs that do not cause side effects, including weakness.

At an early stage, nootropics, as well as metabolic drugs, help to stop the progression of the disease, slow down the pathological process. The treatment regimen can only be determined by the attending physician. Means are selected strictly individually, templates are unacceptable here.

Disease prevention

Medical statistics state that about 35.5 million people suffer from senile dementia. At the same time, doctors give disappointing forecasts. Can dementia be prevented? In some cases, the newest drug "Brain Booster" will help prevent the development of the disease. This dietary supplement fills the diet with the necessary amount of useful substances, macro- and microelements, vitamins. Satisfies all the needs of the body in the right substances. The drug is necessary for the effective prevention of senile dementia, it also helps to normalize the activity of cerebral vessels in the initial stages of the disease.

The drug "Brain Booster" has been tested in practice by folk medicine. To create it, the necessary plant components were used. The drug stimulates processes in the brain, improves blood circulation, cleanses blood vessels. Allows you to cope with depressive conditions, improves memory, makes a person more efficient and focused.

Not a single person wants to eventually acquire senile dementia, live with this disease, create unbearable conditions for their loved ones to live together. It is necessary to start the prevention of the disease when you are still in your right mind and understand the need and importance of preventive measures.

Treatment and prevention of folk remedies

In order to stop, correct the development of senile dementia, you can use folk remedies.

• In the treatment of atherosclerosis, take decoctions, tinctures of hawthorn fruits, anise lofant, Caucasian Dioscorea.
• Consistently take B vitamins, folic acid. Eat fresh blueberries, make decoctions from dried berries in winter.
• In the initial stages of the disease, tincture on the root of elecampane will help. Drops should be taken 3-4 times a day before meals.
• Mild signs of dementia are well corrected by Gingko biloba extract. The drug can be bought at any pharmacy.

It should be noted that those suffering from dementia are most often sloppy. They require constant care. If relatives cannot cope with this, then it is better to hire a professional nurse or send the patient to a specialized institution - a boarding school, where patients with senile dementia are monitored. How many live with this disease? With advanced vascular dementia, according to doctors, life expectancy is about five years.

All older people are encouraged to lead an active, healthy lifestyle. Walk more, breathe fresh air. Do not become sour, do not fall into depressive states, develop your mind and intellect, and then with a high probability the disease will bypass you.

Paying attention to this feature, you should not panic and think about mental disorders. In most cases, according to competent scientists, talking to oneself is not considered pathological. Rather, it is a natural way to protect yourself from loneliness and verbally throw out the accumulated emotions. However, there are situations when such communication becomes a clear signal of problems with the psyche. How to understand if a person is talking to himself out loud, is this a diagnosis or a norm of behavior?

Features of verbal communication

Many people come to a psychologist with a complaint: "I'm talking to myself!". They seek help from qualified professionals, considering such behavior a sign of a serious nervous breakdown. To understand why a person is talking to himself aloud or mentally, the doctor will conduct a large survey, trying to distinguish the norm from the deviation. According to the results of the research, appropriate measures will be taken.

Before drawing conclusions, it is necessary to determine what is called normal behavior, and in what cases one can speak of a developing mental disorder.

Internal monologue

For closed introverts, talking to yourself is normal. People of this psychotype are reluctant to make contact with others, do not allow outsiders to penetrate their personal lives, they live in their own harmonious world. They often do not need an interlocutor, preferring to experience all situations mentally, discussing their causes and consequences in their heads.

Internal dialogues are also conducted by sociable individuals. A person speaks to himself from childhood, as soon as he has learned to understand the changes taking place around him. Psychologists say that such conversations contribute to the continuous development of personality, help to put thoughts in order and make the right decisions. During internal communication, the functioning of the brain improves, due to which the information received is perceived and processed faster, observation and attentiveness increase several times. According to scientists, people who say the problem to themselves are more successful in life than those who do not have such conversations.

talking out loud

Self-talk is the first sign of loneliness. They replace real communication for a person, but the need for such conversations disappears when an interesting interlocutor appears. Is it okay to talk to yourself out loud?

Experts say that it is useful to conduct such a monologue - it helps to stimulate brain activity, the processes of perception and assimilation of information are rapidly activated. Speaking any problem out loud, a person will quickly understand what actions to take to solve it.

Conversation with an imaginary interlocutor

Much more serious concerns are caused by the situation if a person talks to himself, imagining the interlocutor. He conducts a dialogue with an invisible surrounding opponent, answers questions or asks them himself. Such strange behavior is a sign of a psychological disorder. In a state of psychosis, sick individuals can be a danger to themselves and loved ones, their actions cannot be predicted or controlled.

Auditory hallucinations are the main symptom of a mental disorder

Normally, if a man or woman declares: "I talk to myself out loud, memorizing educational material, wanting to evaluate my actions or express doubts." This means that they want to fully assimilate or understand the information by speaking it. Such behavior from specialists will not cause any complaints.

Another thing is when, not noticing anyone around, a person starts talking - the reasons for this phenomenon may be in the malfunctioning of the psyche. Auditory hallucinations are a false perception of reality, a reaction to an external stimulus that does not exist in reality. A mentally unhealthy individual hears voices, answers them and conducts a conversation with an invisible interlocutor. These alarming symptoms confirm the need to show the individual to a doctor who can make a correct diagnosis by analyzing the complaints and general behavior of the patient.

The disease, when a person talks to himself, can develop for the following reasons:

• prolonged depression;
• severe stress;
• violation of sleep and rest;
• constant mental stress;
• wrong way of life;
• high anxiety;
• lack of joyful events;
• pessimistic attitude.

Persistent auditory and visual hallucinations can be symptoms of serious mental illness - schizophrenia or a split personality. These are serious illnesses, as a result of which men and women lose touch with the real world. However, do not rush to self-diagnose the disease in yourself or your friends. Only a specialist in the field of psychiatry can connect a conversation with oneself aloud with a disappointing diagnosis.

Differences between schizophrenia and split personality

These two diseases have both similar symptoms and cardinal differences. Schizophrenia is a disorder of the functioning of the brain. This disease can be inherited or obtained due to the influence of a number of exogenous and endogenous factors. The first manifestations of a mental disorder in a male are noticeable in adolescence and at the age of 25, in a female - from 20 to 30 years.

Split personality is not schizophrenia. This mental disorder is not congenital, but acquired due to certain negative events in life or trauma received in childhood. Additional personalities arise as a result of the individual's desire to overcome the consequences of an emotional blow; in severe cases, one of them completely controls the behavior, becoming dominant.

Both diseases are characterized by the same symptoms:

• I conduct a conversation with myself - an inadequate individual communicates with a fictitious interlocutor;
• appear during adolescence.
• difficulties in learning and mastering any material;
• distance from reality.

Only a qualified doctor can distinguish between schizophrenia and a split personality. Based on the diagnosis, appropriate treatment will be prescribed.

How to stop talking to yourself? If your case fits the description of the norm, then you should not worry - the voiced reflections will only help in resolving life's difficulties. Medical help should be sought when an imaginary interlocutor "connects" to the dialogues, auditory hallucinations and inappropriate behavior appear.

Senile insanity - causes, symptoms, treatment

Old age is not at all a synonym for dementia, psychiatrists are sure. Many manage to maintain, as they say, sanity, a good memory and vigor in old age.

However, one of the main problems that almost every family faces is the seemingly inadequate behavior of elderly relatives.

The fact is that representatives of the older generation suffer from mental disorders much more often than middle-aged people. What we call "falling into insanity" has a scientific explanation. Insanity is called progressive dementia with motor and autonomic disorders.

What are the causes of senile insanity?

The body is aging, and the brain is aging along with it, - says psychiatrist, candidate of medical sciences Marina Lisnyak. - However, some people experience not only physiological, but also pathological aging, which is accompanied by mental disorders. In psychiatry, several groups of disorders are described, which are called involutional psychoses. There is involutional depression, paranoia - delusional disorders, when it seems to a person that he is being persecuted, conspiracies are weaving. There may be a decrease in intelligence, memory - unfortunately, this is not uncommon. Often, people independently expose an elderly person to a diagnosis - "senile insanity", "insane". But the degree of sanity is determined only by the examination and the court.

People who are faced with the strange behavior of relatives complain about the same signs. Old people begin to hide money, food, suspect others, complain about hunger and bullying by children. (Of course, we do not consider egregious cases where the elderly are victims of relatives.)

If you notice any typical signs, we are talking about a mental disorder. Hiding bread under the mattress causes the fear of impoverishment, hunger, perhaps this is just involutionary paranoia. But the final diagnosis, of course, is made only by doctors. One of the reasons for such disorders is vascular pathology. Atherosclerosis of the cerebral vessels is now extremely common, and there is no tendency to reduce the number of cases. The disease comes on gradually. Neuroses, anxiety can develop, mood decreases, while the intellect and memory do not suffer yet. Now the diagnosis of "atherosclerosis" is also made in thirty-year-old patients.

Hypertensive patients are at risk, - says Marina Anatolyevna, - Our diet also affects the increase in the number of cases - we eat more animal food and less coarse fiber. Cholesterol builds up in the body. Therefore, it is necessary to include in the diet as much coarse dietary fiber as possible, they are also found in dietary supplements. But you need to do this regularly.

It has already been proven that in old age all character traits become aggravated, - says Marina Anatolyevna. - If a person was harsh, he can become aggressive, if stingy - pathologically greedy. Additional features may appear that were not previously observed. For example, malice. Perhaps this is a defensive reaction. There is still a lot of energy, but there is no strength and means to apply it, people thus splash out despair.

Only a specialist can determine where organic changes are, and where are just whims. Although for many years of living together, relatives learn to understand the mood and characteristics of an old person. Sometimes "goofing" can be caused by quite understandable reasons. A fairly common and very justified reason for deep resentment and irritability of old people is that they were used and abandoned as unnecessary. And such situations are not uncommon. As long as health allowed, people raised their grandchildren, pulled grown-up children with all their might, and often even supported young families. As they get older, they are no longer needed. All reproaches and even aggressive attacks are perceived by young relatives as insanity. In such cases, older people can get hung up on one episode - “I sold the dacha for you (I left work, I exchanged an apartment)”.

Huge stress and sometimes irreversible consequences in the elderly causes the death of relatives and friends. It's hard when peers leave life one by one, it's even harder to bury your own children and spouses.

Another reason for inappropriate behavior can be a regular overdose of drugs. Elderly people often use various drugs in large quantities. Sometimes they are incompatible with each other, often they are not needed at all. Moreover, at this age, drugs are absorbed longer and worse, so the side effect may be unexpected.

All this can often provoke an obsessive fear (accident, hooligans, exposure through a socket), a desire for constant control over everything, a demand for increased attention to oneself.

It is necessary to find your circle of interests - giving, needlework, social work, - says Marina Lisnyak. - This will help to cope with depression, worries and anxieties.

By the way, young people are mistakenly convinced that the first sign of old age is grumbling and complaints.

Nothing of the kind, - Marina Anatolyevna is sure. - I know a huge number of young people who grumble and complain no less. It's just that they have the opportunity to change something, to act, and an aged person only has to talk about his unfulfilled desires. Help him, if there is even the slightest possibility.

However, sometimes the relatives of the sick need no less help. There are many cases when old people literally exhaust even exemplary children and grandchildren with their demands and nit-picking.

Situations are quite common when elderly people suddenly begin to blame and reproach their relatives for non-existent reasons, - says Marina Lisnyak. - And they do it publicly, involving neighbors and acquaintances in the discussion. No need to get angry and offended, thereby you are harming yourself. Explain the situation to friends and family - they will understand. But neighbors need to be invited to the house more often for various reasons, communicate with them more, then they will see for themselves that everything is fine in your family.

prepared by Nadezhda Frolova

Get involved: in the "game", even if it irritates you at first. “I don’t even have a cracker in the house, they’ve completely exhausted me,” an eighty-year-old grandmother complained to her neighbors. The granddaughter, who lives with her, was offended to tears - how could it be, because everything seems to be enough. But there really are no crackers, because granny simply has nothing to chew on, and she prefers sweets with tea. Granddaughter bought three packs of different crackers at once. For several months now, they have been presented to my grandmother for the first “lamentation”.

If an old person requires you, for example, to immediately close the windows, “because someone is climbing into them,” just close it without entering into an argument.

Keep relatives up to date with the latest news. But writing TV is also not enough. Initiate older people, especially women, into innocent, well-known "gossip". The world of an aged person is no longer so full of events and news. Therefore, regularly with a mysterious face tell your grandmother that "this one sold the apartment and got divorced", "they robbed the neighbors' cottage." If the grandmother will groan all day over the antics of a neighbor, this will temporarily save you from offensive nit-picking.

Make gifts for all memorable dates and holidays. Even if a person already seems to have everything and, as it seems, nothing else is needed. Ppatok, a bag, a wall calendar, a small receiver, something tasty - you may stumble upon dissatisfied grumbling and accusations of squandering, nevertheless you will deliver pleasant minutes to your loved one.

I constantly make a reservation

Advises: Vakhrameev Vladimir Evgenievich

Psychologist, Accredited Gestalt Therapist

I have a few clarifying questions for you. Please answer them at your convenience. Today I will not have much time to talk, but tomorrow I am ready to talk in more detail on this topic.

How long ago did this problem appear?

Please provide some examples of such reservations.

Have you consulted a neurologist with this problem?

Psychologist, Accredited Gestalt Therapist

Have you experienced any stress during these three years? Is there something that worries you, makes you think about it often, worry about it?

Psychologist, Accredited Gestalt Therapist

Psychologist, Accredited Gestalt Therapist

I will definitely go to a neurologist. There were no stressful situations, I did not change jobs, everything is stable in family life too.

I don't even know what to grab onto.

Psychologist, Accredited Gestalt Therapist

I have three children, 11 years old, 7 years old and 4 months old. If this problem appeared now or during pregnancy.

When diagnosing any situation, it is always important to determine whether the difficulty is medical in nature, or only psychological.

When choosing a neurologist, do not contact a simple district police officer, find an experienced professional with a name. Even if it costs money. Health is more expensive.

Delusion and delusional state

Delusion is a conclusion that is false and does not correspond to reality, arising in connection with diseases. Unlike errors of judgment, in healthy people, delusions are illogical, absurd, fantastic and persistent.

Delusion is not the only sign of a mental illness; quite often it can be combined with hallucinations, provoking hallucinatory-delusional states. It happens with a disorder of thinking and with disorders of perception.

The delusional state is characterized by mental confusion, disruption of the coherence of thoughts, blurred consciousness, in which a person cannot concentrate and sees hallucinations. He is self-absorbed, fixated on one idea and unable to answer questions or carry on a conversation.

For most people, the delusional state lasts for a fairly short period. But if before the onset of delirium the patient did not differ in special mental and physical health, then an acute delusional state can last several weeks. If the disease is not treated, it becomes chronic.

Even after treatment, the remnants of delusional ideas can remain with a person for life, for example, delusions of jealousy in chronic alcoholism.

Difference between delirium and dementia

In somatic diseases, a delusional state is a consequence of organic lesions due to trauma, intoxication, lesions of the vascular system or brain. Also, delirium can occur against the background of fever, medication or drugs. This phenomenon is temporary and reversible.

In mental illness, delusion is the main disorder. Dementia or dementia is the breakdown of mental functions, in which the delusional state is irreversible and practically not amenable to drug treatment and progresses.

Also, dementia, unlike delirium, develops slowly. In the early stages of dementia, there are no problems with concentration, which is also a hallmark.

Dementia can be congenital, its cause is intrauterine damage to the fetus, birth trauma, genetically determined diseases or acquired, due to tumor injuries.

Causes of delirium

The cause of delirium is a combination of certain factors that lead to the disruption of the brain. There are several of them:

• Psychological factor or environmental factor. In this case, the trigger for delirium may be stress, alcohol or drug abuse. This also includes the use of certain medications, problems with hearing and vision.
• biological factor. The cause of delirium in this case is an imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain.
• genetic factor. The disease can be inherited. If someone in the family suffers from a delusional disorder or schizophrenia, then there is a chance that the disease will manifest itself in the next generation.

Signs of crazy ideas

Delusions are an important and characteristic sign of a mental disorder. These are misconceptions that cannot be corrected without the use of drugs. People suffering from a disease are not amenable to persuasion. The content of crazy ideas can be different.

Signs of crazy ideas are:

• The appearance of implausible, incomprehensible to others, but meaningful statements. They give meaning and mystery to the most mundane topics.
• The behavior of a person in the family circle changes, he can be closed and hostile or unreasonably cheerful and optimistic.
• There are unreasonable fears for one's own life or the life and health of relatives.
• The patient may become anxious and fearful, and begins to close doors or curtain windows carefully.
• A person can begin to actively write complaints to various authorities.
• May refuse to eat or check food carefully before eating.

Delusional Syndromes

Delusional syndromes are mental disorders characterized by the occurrence of delusional ideas. They differ in forms of delirium and a characteristic combination of symptoms of a mental disorder. One form of delusional syndrome can pass into another.

Paranoid syndrome is a delusional disorder of thought. It develops slowly, gradually expanding and involving new events and persons into delirium, while using a complex system of evidence. The nonsense in this case is systematized and different in content. The patient can talk about some significant idea for a long time and in detail.

With paranoid syndrome, there are no hallucinations and pseudo-hallucinations. In the behavior of patients imperceptibly certain violations, until the moment when it comes to a crazy idea. In this regard, they are not critical and easily add to the category of enemies those persons who are trying to convince them.

The mood of such patients is upbeat and optimistic, but can quickly change and become angry. In this state, a person can commit socially dangerous actions.

There is a paranoid syndrome in schizophrenia. In this case, the patient develops delusions of persecution, physical impact with hallucinations and phenomena of mental automatism. The most common idea is persecution by some powerful organization. Usually patients believe that their thoughts, actions, dreams are being watched (ideational automatism), and they themselves want to be destroyed.

According to them, the pursuers have special mechanisms that work on atomic energy or electromagnetic waves. Patients talk about the fact that someone controls the work of their internal organs and makes the body perform different movements (mental automatism).

The patients' thinking is disturbed, they stop working and do their best to "secure" themselves from their persecutors. They can commit socially dangerous acts, and can also be dangerous to themselves. In an exacerbated state of delirium, the patient may commit suicide.

With paraphrenic syndrome, delusions of grandeur are combined with delusions of persecution. There is such a disorder in schizophrenia, various types of psychosis. In this case, the patient considers himself an important person on whom the course of world history depends (Napoleon, the president or his relative, a direct descendant of the king or emperor).

He talks about the great events in which he participated, while delusions of persecution may persist. Criticism from such people is completely absent.

This type of delusion occurs in various mental illnesses. It can occur with schizophrenia, alcohol or drug intoxication. In this case, figurative, sensual delusions of persecution predominate, accompanied by a feeling of fear and anxiety.

Before the development of the syndrome, a period of unaccountable anxiety and foreboding of trouble appears. The patient begins to feel that they want to rob or kill him. The condition may be accompanied by illusions and hallucinations.

The ideas of delusions depend on the external environment and actions are determined by fears. Patients can suddenly run away from the premises, seek protection from the police. Usually these people have disturbed sleep and appetite.

With organic brain damage, the delusional syndrome worsens at night and in the evening, so during this period, patients need increased supervision. In this state, the patient is dangerous to others and to himself, he can commit suicide. In schizophrenia, the time of day does not affect the patient's condition.

Types of delusions

Primary delirium or autochthonous arises abruptly, before that there are no mental shocks. The patient is completely convinced of his idea, although there were not the slightest prerequisites for its occurrence. It can also be a mood or perception of a delusional nature.

Signs of primary delirium:

• Its complete formation.
• Suddenness.
• Absolutely convincing form.

Secondary delirium, sensual or figurative, is a consequence of a pathological experience that has taken place. May occur after a previous delusion, depressive mood, or hallucination. In the presence of a large number of crazy ideas, a complex system can be formed. One crazy thought leads to another. This is a systematized delirium.

Signs of secondary delusions:

• Delusions are fragmented and inconsistent.
• The presence of hallucinations and illusions.
• Appears against the background of mental shocks or other delusional ideas.

Secondary delusions with specific pathogenesis

Secondary delusions with a special pathogenesis (sensitive, catathymic) is a non-schizophrenic paranoid psychosis that occurs as a result of prolonged and serious experiences, including an insult to self-esteem and humiliation. The patient's consciousness narrows affectively and there is no self-criticism.

With this type of delusion, there is no personality disorder and there is a favorable prognosis.

Induced delirium or insanity together is characterized by the fact that delusions are collective. A close person, for a long time and unsuccessfully, tries to convince the obsessed with crazy ideas, and over time he begins to believe in them and adopt them. After the separation of the couple, in a healthy person, the manifestations of the disease disappear.

Induced delusions often occur in sects. If a person suffering from a disease, a strong and authoritative person, has the gift of oratory, then weaker or mentally retarded people succumb to his influence.

Crazy ideas in this case are implausible, devoid of any logic, consistency and system. For the occurrence of such a condition, a person suffering from an ailment must have signs of psychopathy, closed, weak-willed or mentally retarded.

Topics of delusion

There are many themes of delusions, they can flow from one form to another.

Senile dementia: how to help a loved one and not go crazy yourself

The purpose of my talk today is to highlight the common problems that older people have and how they affect us caregivers.

First, let's define the main concept. Dementia is acquired dementia. That is, when the human brain has already formed, and then something happened to it. We still use the word "oligophrenia" to this day. Oligophrenia is a dementia that arose in the early stages of brain formation, and everything that a person “acquired” later is called dementia. It usually happens after 60-70 years.

Rating of typical misconceptions. "What do you want, he's old..."

1. Old age is not treated.

For 14 years I worked as a district geriatric psychiatrist in Korolev in a regular dispensary. Once he was, perhaps, the only person who regularly went from house to house with people suffering from dementia.

Of course, a lot of interesting experience has accumulated. Often the patient's relatives are faced with the position of doctors: “What do you want? He's old..." The most brilliant answer, in my opinion, was given by one relative of an elderly grandmother, who said: “What do I want? I wish that when she died, I had less guilt. I want to do what I could do for her!”

The doctor always wants to be efficient, he wants to cure the patient. And old age cannot be cured. And the illusion is created that there is nothing to do with old people at all. It is with this illusion that we must fight today.

There is no diagnosis of "old age", there are diseases that need to be treated, like any disease at any age.

2. Dementia does not need to be treated because it is incurable.

In this case, any chronic diseases do not need to be treated, and yet about 5% of dementias are potentially reversible. What does "potentially reversible" mean? With the right treatment early on for some types of dementia, dementia can be cured. Even with irreversible processes, at an early stage, dementia can recede for a while, and symptoms can decrease. If treated appropriately.

Is 5% a little? A lot on a general scale, since according to official data in Russia there are about 20 million people suffering from dementia. In fact, I think this figure is underestimated by one and a half to two times, since dementia is usually diagnosed late.

3. "Why torture him with" chemistry "?".

Also a violation of ethics: it's not for us to decide all this. When you yourself get sick, do you not need to be “tormented” with medicines? Why can't an older person get the same help as a younger one? Some amazing hypocrisy, relatives say: “Let's not torture our grandfather with chemistry”, and then. When grandfather infuriates them, and brings them to a "white heat", they can hit him, tie him up.

That is, you don’t need to “torment with chemistry”, but can you beat? An elderly person cannot go to the doctor himself, and we must take on this function.

4. “Doctor, just let him sleep…!”.

People endure for weeks, sometimes months, terrible behavioral disorders and sleep disturbances due to the dementia of their relatives, and then, staggering, they come to a psychiatrist and say: “Doctor, we don’t need anything, let him just sleep.” Of course, sleep is very important, it needs to be organized, but sleep is the tip of the iceberg, if you just improve sleep, this will not help a person with dementia much.

Insomnia is a symptom. And therefore, it is possible to put a grandfather to sleep, but it is impossible to help him from dementia in this way.

For some reason, the patient's environment - close people, nurses, nursing staff, some neuropathologists and therapists - think that it is very difficult to improve sleep, remove aggression, remove crazy ideas. In fact, this is a real challenge. We cannot cure a person, but to make sure that he is comfortable for us in care and at the same time he feels more or less good himself is a real task.

Outcome of delusions: Unnecessary suffering of the patient and his environment.

Aggression, delusions, behavioral and sleep disturbances, and much more can be stopped, and the development of dementia can be stopped for a while or slowed down.

3D: depression, delirium, dementia

There are three main themes that caregivers and physicians face in geriatric psychiatry:

1. Depression

• Depression is a chronically low mood and inability to enjoy.
• Common in old age
• At this age, it can be perceived as the norm by the patient and others
• Strongly affects all somatic diseases and worsens their prognosis

If a person, no matter what age, is chronically unable to experience joy, it is depression. Everyone has their own experience of old age. I would very much like that with my help we will form an image of old age a la Japan, when we save up money in retirement and go somewhere, and not sit on a stool straight.

In the meantime, the image of old age in our society is rather depressing. Who do we represent when we say "old man"? Usually a bent grandfather who wanders somewhere, or an angry, restless grandmother. And therefore, when an elderly person has a bad mood, it is perceived as normal. It is all the more normal when old people who have lived to be 80–90 years old say: “We are tired, we don’t want to live.” It is not right!

As long as a person is alive, he should want to live, this is the norm. If a person, in any situation, does not want to live, this is depression, regardless of age. What's wrong with depression? It negatively affects somatic diseases and worsens the prognosis. We know that older people usually have a whole bunch of diseases: type 2 diabetes, angina pectoris, hypertension, knee pain, back pain, and so on. Even sometimes you come to a call, you ask an elderly person what hurts, he says: “Everything hurts!”. And I understand what he means.

Both old people and children suffer from depression in the body. That is, in fact, the answer “everything hurts” can be translated into our language like this: “My soul hurts, first of all, and everything else comes from that.” If a person is depressed, sad, his pressure jumps, sugar, until we remove this sadness and depression, it seems unlikely to normalize other indicators.

Bottom line: Depression is rarely diagnosed and treated. As a result: the duration and quality of life is less, and others are worse off.

2. Delirium (confusion)

1) Clouding of consciousness: loss of contact with reality, disorientation, with chaotic speech and motor activity, aggression.

2) Occurs often after injuries, moving, diseases

3) Often occurs acutely in the evening or at night, may pass and resume again

4) A person often does not remember or vaguely remember what he did in a state of confusion

5) Worsened by wrong treatment

We encounter the topic of delirium in people at a young age, mainly with prolonged use of alcohol. This is "delirious tremens" - hallucinations, acute delusions of persecution, and so on. In an elderly person, delirium may occur after physical or psychological trauma, moving to another place, bodily diseases.

Just the day before yesterday, I was on a call to a woman who is already under a hundred years old. She always lived almost independently - with a visiting social worker, relatives bought food. She had dementia, but mild, until some point it was not critical.

And so she falls at night, breaks her femoral neck, and on the very first night after the fracture, confusion begins in her. She doesn’t recognize anyone, she screams: “Where did you put my furniture, my things?” She starts to panic, get angry, get up with her broken leg, and run somewhere.

A common reason for the start of confusion is moving. Here an old man lives alone, serves himself in the city or in the countryside. The environment helps him - neighbors buy groceries, grandmothers come to visit. And suddenly they call relatives and say: “Your grandfather is weird.” He gave to the pigs what he gave to the chickens, to the chickens what he gave to the pigs, he wandered somewhere at night, barely caught, and so on, he talks. Relatives come and take grandfather away.

And here a problem arises, because grandfather, although he did not cope well with his chickens and pigs, at least knew where the toilet was, where the matches were, where his bed was, that is, he somehow oriented himself in the usual place. And after the move, he does not orient himself at all. And against this background, usually at night, confusion begins - grandfather is torn "home".

Sometimes relatives, stunned by such perseverance, really take him home so that he calms down about the chickens ... But this does not lead to anything, because in the next entrance the same grandfather is eager to “go home”, although he lived in this apartment all his life .

People, at the moment of confusion, do not understand where they are and what is happening around. The confusion often comes on acutely, in the evening or at night, and may go away by itself in the morning after sleep. That is, at night they call an ambulance, the doctor gives an injection, says: call a psychiatrist, and in the morning the patient wakes up calm and does not remember anything. Because confusion is forgotten (amnesic), the person does not remember, or very vaguely remembers what he did in a state of confusion.

Confusion is most often accompanied by psychomotor agitation: speech, motor, usually occurs at night, and, which is especially unpleasant, is aggravated by incorrect treatment.

When sleep is disturbed in the elderly, what drug is usually advised by a therapist, a neuropathologist? Phenazepam is a benzodiazepine tranquilizer. This drug can treat anxiety and insomnia. He soothes and soothes.

But with confusion (due to organic brain disorders), phenazepam acts the other way around - it does not calm, but excites. We often hear such stories: an ambulance came, gave phenazepam or made relanium intramuscularly, grandfather forgot for an hour, and then began to “run along the ceiling”. This whole group of benzodiazepine tranquilizers often works the other way around (paradoxically) in old people.

And about phenazepam: even if your grandparents use it within reasonable limits, keep in mind that, firstly, it is addictive and addictive, and secondly, it is a muscle relaxant, that is, it relaxes muscles. Elderly people, when they increase their dose of phenazepam, getting up, for example, at night to go to the toilet, fall, break their hips, and that's it.

Sometimes they also begin to treat insomnia or confusion in grandmothers with phenobarbital, that is, Valocordin or Corvalol, which contain it. But phenobarbital, although indeed a very strong sleeping pill, anti-anxiety and anticonvulsant, is also addictive and addictive. That is, in principle, we can equate it to narcotic drugs.

Therefore, in Russia we have such a specific phenomenon as korvalolshchik grandmothers. These are grandmothers who buy a huge number of bottles of Valocordin or Corvalol in a pharmacy and drink several of them a day. In fact, they are drug addicts, and if they don't drink it, they a) won't fall asleep; b) they will develop behavioral disorders resembling delirium tremens in an alcoholic. Often they have slurred speech like "porridge in the mouth" and a wobbly gait. If you see your loved one regularly drinking these over-the-counter drugs, please look into it. They must be replaced by other drugs without such side effects.

Bottom line: when confusion is not addressed in the early stages, they do not look for causes, they are not treated in the same way, as a result - the suffering of the patient and the whole family, the flight of nurses.

3. Dementia

Dementia is acquired dementia: disorders of memory, attention, orientation, recognition, planning, criticism. Violation and loss of professional and everyday skills.

• Relatives, and sometimes even doctors, “notice” dementia only at advanced stages
• Mild and sometimes moderate disorders are considered the norm in the elderly and senile age.
• Dementia can start with personality disorders
• Often the wrong treatment is used

What do you think, if you bring an average elderly person in their 70s with a memory impairment and an orientation to an appointment with a neurologist, what diagnosis is most likely to be received? He will receive a diagnosis of "dyscirculatory encephalopathy" (DEP), which, translated into Russian, means "a disorder of brain functions due to impaired blood circulation through its vessels." More often than not, the diagnosis is wrong and the treatment is wrong. A non-stroke, but pronounced form of the course of cerebrovascular disease (DEP), is a severe and relatively rare disease. Such patients do not walk, their speech is impaired, although there may not be asymmetry in tone (differences in the work of the muscles of the left and right half of the body).

In Russia, there is a traditional problem - overdiagnosis of vascular problems of the brain and underdiagnosis of so-called atrophic problems, which includes Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's and many others. For some reason, neuropathologists everywhere see problems with blood vessels. But if the disease develops smoothly, gradually, slowly, most likely it is not connected with the vessels.

But if the disease develops abruptly or spasmodically, this is vascular dementia. Quite often, these two conditions are combined. That is, on the one hand, there is a smooth process of dying off of brain cells, as in Alzheimer's disease, and on the other hand, vascular "catastrophes" also occur against this background. These two processes mutually "feed" each other, so that even yesterday a well-kept old man can "break into a tailspin".

Relatives and doctors do not always notice dementia, or notice it only in advanced stages. There is a stereotype that dementia is when a person lies in a diaper and “blows bubbles”, and when, for example, he loses some household skill, this is still normal. In fact, dementia, if it develops very slowly, most often begins with memory disorders.

The classic case is dementia of the Alzheimer's type. What does this mean? A person remembers events from his life well, but he does not remember what happened just now. For example, at the reception I ask an elderly person, he recognizes everyone, knows everything, remembers the address, and then I say: “Did you have breakfast today?”. - "Yes", - "What did you have for breakfast?" - Silence, he does not remember.

There is also such a stereotype that dementia is something about memory, attention, orientation. In fact, there are types of dementias that begin with character and behavioral disorders. For example, frontotemporal dementia, or Pick's disease as it used to be called, can begin with a personality disorder. A person in the first stages of dementia becomes either complacently relieved - "the sea is knee-deep", or vice versa, very closed, self-absorbed, apathetic and sloppy.

You probably want to ask me: where, in fact, does that conditional border lie, between the still normal and already the onset of dementia? There are different criteria for this boundary. ICD (International Disease Qualification) indicates that dementia is a violation of higher cortical functions with a violation of household and professional skills. The definition is correct, but it is too vague. That is, we can apply it both at advanced and at early stages. Why is it so important to define the boundary? This moment is not only medical. Legal issues often arise: problems of inheritance, legal capacity, and so on.

Two criteria will help determine the boundary:

1) Dementia is characterized by criticism disorder. That is, a person no longer treats his problems with criticism - to memory disorders, basically. He does not notice them, or downplays the scale of his problems.

2) Loss of self-service. As long as a person takes care of himself, we can assume by default that there is no dementia.

But here, too, there is a subtle point - what does “serves itself” mean? If a person already exists in your care, but functions in an apartment, this does not mean that there is no dementia. It may very well be that it is already gently developing, it's just that a person in his usual environment does not detect it. But, for example, he cannot go and pay himself according to the receipt: he gets confused, does not understand what and where to pay for, is not able to count the change, etc.

Here is the mistake: mild and slow disorders are considered the norm in the elderly and senile age. This is very bad, because it is mild and slow disorders that can be effectively treated. If you bring your relative at an early stage of dementia, it can be managed with medications that don't cure dementia but are great at containing it. Sometimes for many, many years.

Bottom line: Dementia is diagnosed late, treated incorrectly. As a result, close people live less, worse, suffer themselves and cause suffering to others.

Where should you start if a loved one has dementia? A very unusual answer: taking care of the caregiver!

By normalizing the state of mind of the caregiver, we:

– We carry out the prevention of “burnout syndrome” among relatives and carers. If you explain "on the fingers", those who are nearby go through the stages of aggression, depression and somatization;

– We keep good carers and health for our loved ones who bear the burden of care;

– If the caregiver works, we improve his performance and sometimes keep his job.

Does anyone have a version of why you need to start with yourself when caring for a loved one with dementia? Recall 3D, where depression comes first. The caregiver is actually much more vulnerable than the dementia patient.

A dementia patient may no longer understand anything, consider you a granddaughter, a neighbor, a nurse instead of a daughter. And you still need to provide for the patient - socially, legally, medically. If you put the patient in the center, or rather, his illness, over time you will lie next to the patient. Only by normalizing the condition of the caregiver, we improve the quality of care and help the patient himself.

The burnout syndrome has three conditional stages: aggression, depression, somatization. Aggression - often as irritability, the classic version is asthenia (weakness, fatigue).

Depression follows aggression if the caregiver does not have the opportunity to rest. This is the phase of apathy, when a person no longer needs anything at all, he walks like a “zombie”, is silent, tearful, automatically cares and is no longer with us. This is a more severe stage of burnout.

If at this stage we do not take care of ourselves, somatization occurs. Simply put, a person can simply die. The caregiver develops his own illnesses and becomes disabled himself.

It is impossible to cheat reality. If you care without taking care of yourself, then after a while you yourself will perish.

What can be done with the right treatment and care for a demented relative?

– Identify and treat “potentially reversible dementias” and depressive pseudo-dementias;

– Extend the life and quality of life of a loved one if dementia is incurable;

– Eliminate the suffering of an elderly person, behavioral disorders, psychotic disorders;

In 5% of cases, dementia can be cured. There are dementias with hypothyroidism, with hyperthyroidism, with a lack of vitamin B-12, folic acid, normotensive hydrocephalus, and so on.

If we cannot cure dementia, we must understand that it takes, on average, four to seven years from the time of diagnosis to the death of our loved one. Why should we turn these years into hell? Let's eliminate the suffering of an elderly person, and save ourselves health and work.

Questions:

- If I notice some behavioral deviations in a relative, but she does not recognize this and does not want to be treated?

– In medical law, there is the Federal Law “On Psychiatric Care and Guarantees of the Rights of Citizens in its Provision”. I believe that all people who care for dementia patients, due to the difficult social and medical and legal situation, need to read and know this law. Especially about observation by a psychiatrist: how can a psychiatrist be invited, in what cases can a psychiatrist involuntarily send a patient to a hospital, and when to refuse, etc.

But in practice, if we see dementia, we try to start treating it as soon as possible. Since getting permission from the court for an examination is a very long time, and the disease progresses, relatives go crazy. Here it should be remembered that psychotropic drugs for dementia patients cannot be left on their hands. You need tight control. They forget to take them, or they forget that they took them, and they take more. Or they don't take it on purpose. Why?

1. Ideas of damage that are formed against the background of memory impairment. That is, an elderly person, already seized with paranoid anxiety, takes his documents, money and hides them, and then cannot remember where he put them. And who stole? Either relatives or neighbours.
2. Ideas of poisoning. This problem can be solved if you start treatment with drugs in solution. Then, when this idea disappears in a person, he agrees to take drugs for memory voluntarily.
3. Inappropriate sexual desires. I tried to talk a little about this at the Conference. A very difficult topic. We are used to the fact that caregivers can sexually abuse helpless caregivers. But it also happens the other way around: deprived of criticism and “brakes”, the ward commits depraved acts towards minors, etc. This happens much more often than many people think.

- What can be the reason for the complete refusal of food and water in the later stages of dementia?

- First of all, it is necessary to find and treat depression.

1. Depression (no appetite);
2. Ideas of poisoning (changes in taste, poison was added);
3. Concomitant somatic diseases with intoxication.

1. If you have a replacement, the best way when you are tired is to leave a fast for a while. A replacement can be found if you set such a goal.
2. If it is impossible to leave and rest, we treat the “burnout syndrome” with medicines.

It must be borne in mind that caring for an elderly person is hard physical and moral work, which, for us, relatives, is not paid. Why else is burnout syndrome so relevant? If you were paid money for care, you would not burn out so quickly. Adequately paid care is the prevention of burnout syndrome.

But it’s even harder to rebuild inside, admit that your loved one is sick, take control of the situation into your own hands, and, despite fatigue and troubles, try to enjoy this life. Because there won't be another.

Diseases that are not customary to talk about in everyday life. >

What is the name of the disease when a person talks to himself?

I will divide all "self-talk" into three groups:

1. When a person speaks out loud some or most of his own thoughts, while not noticing what is happening and not doing it intentionally. That is, out of control. At the same time, a person does not turn to anyone but himself. All his words are essentially rhetorical.

2. Conversations in which the patient, as it were, stages some dialogues. At the same time, he can play several roles at once, while changing the volume and timbre of his voice. In other words, he voices two or more persons. By doing this, I emphasize again, unintentionally.

3. The patient is hallucinating. And at the same time he sees a scene in front of him, in which, besides him, other people or creatures participate. Here he is talking to them, addressing them, but not voicing them. From the outside it looks like a conversation with oneself. In fact, it is so, since he is in the pathological world of his visions. He can (as it were) meet and see off guests, be at a doctor's appointment, talk with spirits, and so on. The further, the more pathological.

The first option is almost normal. Let's not make any diagnosis. And the second and third options very much remind us of one of the symptoms of schizophrenia.

Answered by4T00:33:36+04:00 1 year, 7 months ago

If a person just talks to himself, argues, then this is within the normal range.

If a person is talking to someone else, who is in his imagination, but from the outside it looks like it is talking to itself, then this is a disease, schizophrenia.

Answered by4T00:48:45+04:00 1 year, 7 months ago

Neuropsychiatric disorders, in which a person can talk to himself, can take a whole essay. The reasons for this phenomenon: split personality, alcoholism, hallucinations, drug use, head injuries, schizophrenia.

Answered by9T22:29:32+03:00 1 year, 2 months ago

It looks like a person is talking to himself. You can talk to yourself, with an invisible interlocutor, and with delirium tremens, and with schizophrenia, and simply if a person is bored. And for some, such a habit is even developed, thoughts in the ear of the type.

Answered by 8T17:43:01+03:00 1 year, 1 month ago

It doesn't have to be a disease!

Maybe a person suffers from a lack of communication or is lonely - so he needs to talk like that

If the disease is usually Dissociative Identity Disorder (personality reproduction) when a person's mind splits into several other independent personalities. and then the person talks to his own mind!

Schizophrenics also talk to themselves (more precisely, with hallucinations)

Answered by4T00:31:31+04:00 1 year, 7 months ago

I argue like this.

a) It is not a disease. A person argues, models the arguments and counterarguments of an imaginary opponent in a possible discussion.

B) This is a psychosis (schizophrenia, paranoia, etc.), accompanied by a split personality and / or hallucinations.

C) This is a disease of alcoholic and/or drug genesis.

D) It is not a disease. An actor is rehearsing a role.

D) It's not a person. Anything can be expected from spirits or aliens.

Diseases that are not customary to talk about in everyday life. >

Answered by1T03:50:12+03:00 1 year, 1 month ago

Wow, with the help of a big question, I found out that I am a schizophrenic, but dear ones, this is not entirely true, if it were so, I would not sit and write the answer, if a person talks to himself, or asks himself some questions and answers it's normal, he just needs to hear advice from a smart person :), but if a person talks to someone else, sees some images and talks to them, then he may have some kind of mental disorder!

Answered by4T22:53:14+03:00 1 year, 1 month ago

It may be an early symptom of schizophrenia, but it may be normal if the person is, in all other respects, behaving normally. If, in addition to the fact that he talks to himself, he conducts whole conversations aloud, if there are other behavioral disorders and deviations, and there is reason to doubt his adequacy, then here, already, a psychiatrist's consultation is necessary, since with schizophrenia, a person He hears the voices that sound in his head, it is with them that he can have long conversations. Voices are one of the most common symptoms of schizophrenia.

Answered by 4T00:25:37+04:00 1 year, 7 months ago

The mind of a person creates a separate mental area with which the main personality of a person can communicate.

Answered by4T00:20:10+04:00 1 year, 7 months ago

It is difficult to find a person who would never talk to himself in any situation. Many people like to talk when they are doing some work, as if consulting with themselves, some speak by themselves so as not to fall asleep when this cannot be done, others simply throw out emotions in this way. In most cases, these are not symptoms of some kind of illness, but normal adequate behavior. But it happens when a person really constantly talks with an invisible interlocutor and this is no longer good. This may be a symptom of schizophrenia, which is expressed in a split personality. And some consider such people possessed by demons.

Answered2T01:48:11+03:00 11 months, 2 weeks ago

The mother has a friend who is in public, a wonderful and pleasant conversationalist. She finds a common language with everyone, but one day I saw her walking around the room and saying something under her breath. I don’t even know how long it lasted for her, but I could not stand it and asked who she was talking to. In fact, everything turns out to be very simple. This man is lonely, there is no husband, and the children have already grown up and left. And so it went.

And my friend got a job in a clinic where neuropsychiatric patients lie. He says that most of them have the same symptoms, plus glitches and anxiety for the slightest reason. These people are mentally ill. They do not know what they are doing and therefore they are forcibly treated with injections and pills. They are diagnosed by a doctor.

Answered by 0T10:51:14+03:00 1 year, 1 month ago

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Golden allowance of the folk healer. Book 2 Stepanova Natalya Ivanovna

If a person speaks

If a person speaks

If a person uses unnecessary words instead of necessary ones, says one thing and thinks another, let him go out at dawn and speak with them. This prayer can be read from a book, given that a person may not say what he should. Early, before the sun appeared, but only red stripes in the sky, leave the house and, looking to the east, read:

My dawn, dawn,

Help me in my womb

Take away what confuses me

That my tongue is twisted

What's wrong with saying the right thing.

My dawn, dawn,

Be a good sister to me.

Take away these ailments from me,

Yes, for distant mountains.

I bow to you in the belt

Help me, servant of God (name).

Amen.

I remind you once again that if a woman is being treated, and the word “slave” is in the slander, then replace it with the word “slave”, and vice versa, except for special slander, which clearly states that they are treating a woman, not a man. In such cases, I underline it with the title.

From the book Practical Magic of the Modern Witch. Ceremonies, rituals, prophecies author Mironova Daria

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From the book Conspiracies of the Siberian healer. Issue 31 author Stepanova Natalya Ivanovna

If a person is on a drinking binge Standing in front of the grave of a dead man with the same name as a drunkard, you need to say forty times: How does this dead man not live among us, Doesn’t take zelena in the hands of mash, Doesn’t drink wine, vodka, or vodka, So would so that (such and such) does not take the mash in his hands, According to the intoxicating

From the book Conspiracies of the Siberian healer. Release 01 author Stepanova Natalya Ivanovna

If the person is choking Tap him on the back a few times and say: Doesn't eat, doesn't spit, doesn't

From the book Conspiracies of the Siberian healer. Release 18 author Stepanova Natalya Ivanovna

If a person starts talking If a person finds words with difficulty, cannot clearly express his thoughts, he should go out into the street for three morning dawns in a row and read a special plot. (In this case, the plot can be read from a sheet, since a person with similar problems is unlikely to

From the book Conspiracies of the Siberian healer. Release 30 author Stepanova Natalya Ivanovna

If a person gets lost In this case, you need to undress, then put on your clothes back to front and say: I’m going sideways, I’ll return home, I won’t get lost. As you came here, so from here

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If a person fell into a grave From a letter: “We were at a funeral, my son-in-law slipped and slid right into the grave. After that, he swallowed like a stake: he melted all over, his face was pale, like that of a dead man. How to help him? Go with your son-in-law to the grave into which he fell. Put it there

From the book Conspiracies of the Siberian healer. Release 06 author Stepanova Natalya Ivanovna

If a person is sick for a long time From a letter: “My daughter has been sick for a long time. Her husband left her, because his mother inspired him that my daughter was not sick, but simply did not want to go to work. Doctors shrug, but I'm already exhausted, because I'm very sorry for her, it would be better if I were sick than she. "If a person

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If a person talks in a dream From the story of V. P. Ozernykh (surname

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If a person screams in a dream Light a candle bought on Friday and walk a cross around the room where the person usually sleeps. Read in a whisper: Water splashes in the sea, the dumb fish in it open their mouths. She has no words, she has no speech. So you, servant of God (name), do not shout in a dream, do not shout in a word

From the author's book

If a man plucks his hair I have seen completely bald women and children who bring themselves to such a state by endlessly plucking their hair. Of course, for some this is strange to hear, but it is true. They do it involuntarily, without noticing it, day after day, hour after hour.

Advises: Vakhrameev Vladimir Evgenievich

Psychologist, Accredited Gestalt Therapist

I have a few clarifying questions for you.

Please answer them at your convenience. Today I will not have much time to talk, but tomorrow I am ready to talk in more detail on this topic.

How long ago did this problem appear?

Please provide some examples of such reservations.

Have you consulted a neurologist with this problem?

Psychologist, Accredited Gestalt Therapist

Have you experienced any stress during these three years? Is there something that worries you, makes you think about it often, worry about it?

Psychologist, Accredited Gestalt Therapist

Psychologist, Accredited Gestalt Therapist

I will definitely go to a neurologist. There were no stressful situations, I did not change jobs, everything is stable in family life too.

I don't even know what to grab onto.

Psychologist, Accredited Gestalt Therapist

I have three children, 11 years old, 7 years old and 4 months old. If this problem appeared now or during pregnancy.

When diagnosing any situation, it is always important to determine whether the difficulty is medical in nature, or only psychological.

When choosing a neurologist, do not contact a simple district police officer, find an experienced professional with a name. Even if it costs money. Health is more expensive.

The man started talking

Yesterday my brother called me and began to complain about the food he was given with him. He insisted that I come to sort it out, like not a telephone conversation. In the evening I came to him, he was talking some kind of nonsense, talking, he was completely different from him, he was quite aggressive. At what with outsiders spoke quite adequately, but briefly. what could it be, crazy, some drugs? never before had there been any traces, maybe overwork? What should be done in such cases?

Hello. Oleg, unfortunately, without examining the patient by a psychiatrist, it is not worth hanging labels of abnormality. Psychiatric diagnoses cannot be made in absentia!

What to do if a person is talking?

Recently, grandfather began to talk often. He gets very angry about this.

Could you tell me how to be in this case?

Sasha Volynsky, Saratov.

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The people who have problems with speech, I often began to make a reservation stupidity.

People)) who have problems with speech))) - I often began to make a reservation blunt and stutter a little bit. and when I say something for a long time sometimes I get stupid and confuse words. WHAT TO DO. Oh, I've noticed this often

I myself don’t know what to do. But I also slow down a lot, I forget everything, my thoughts get confused!

I need to gather my thoughts..

seth6277, what if they don't come to the meeting?

@featherbedding, ahah :)).belt them :))

it used to be like that. don't focus on it and it will pass

there is nothing like that, any person, when nervous, can stutter or speech becomes worse, nerves are naughty)

I work on the radio)) that is, there are reservations, well, it happens, and I’m used to it - when I communicate, I start to get stupid, and they look at me like an idiot, today I couldn’t say - UNDER THE COVER) and on the air I said fifty fifth number "in general ** OOCH saddens me, as you start to pinch when communicating. you quickly chatter smart thoughts. but as a result, BOSH is not clear)). I'm worried.

captaincy8076, the more you take a steam bath. the more this bullshit will manifest itself. try not to think about it

amputee8, well, I always had a good speech. and here it is ((But thanks for the support,

it’s the same with me. and if you focus too much on it, then just like a phobia becomes once again you don’t want to say anything. so you don’t have to think about it somehow. everything will be fine))))

captaincy8076, and I start waffling a little when I'm worried. at work, simple words in pronunciation when I speak loudly, it turns out such bullshit that everyone overshoots. and sometimes at home calmness I say perfectly. Now the new chewing gum came out five with cinnamon. She is terrified as her mouth burns, you speak clearly, a lot like under gunpowder))

When I'm worried, I also have fifects of echi)))

captaincy8076, hello) I know .. I’m not even talking only)) when I began to constantly sit in the net .. I began to type a lot .. I sealed it a couple of times .. I’m like Masha .. I typed the couple with errors. and all pipets. away I began to get hung up on spelling))) it only got worse .. I lose the meaning of the word in general .. I make such ridiculous mistakes that it’s most ridiculous! and when I write by hand at home .. like simple notes, what needs to be done .. there are no mistakes))) also when I talk .. the more important the conversation is. the more stupid I am)).. I need to somehow learn not to get hung up .. but alas, I can’t do it)) .. fortunately in the group they are already used to my "literacy")))

Began to talk

that is, not with anyone at all, but the topics were hackneyed and studied - everything about children, that is, my development did not go. I was even ashamed that I could not formulate my thoughts ..

Who writes that to a neurologist, tell me why? Is this a sign of some kind of illness?

but if there is progress of these symptoms - run to the doctor without any self-treatment. because it sometimes happened to me when there was some kind of stress or brain fatigue. but passed after the stress passed.

Why do people talk to me on the streets all the time?

Every now and then they turn to me on the streets, in shops, even in other cities. What does it mean. Once a man in a store explained that he thought I was a salesman. Although it was winter, I was wearing a fur coat, and the salesmen wear uniforms.

Wow, didn't expect to find this thread here. They also constantly talk to me everywhere: on the street, in clinics, in public transport. And it can be anything: asking for money, explaining the address, selling a subway ride, and just suddenly, for no reason, they start talking about their problems.

Separately, I want to say that I react to requests for money in a very peculiar way. Various false puppies and false cripples, the so-called. professional beggars dislike me; They don't get a response from me. But people who turn to me with very original and sincere requests often get even more than they expected. For example, recently a homeless-looking man smiling in a beard approached me on the street, showed me a piece of some kind of pita bread and asked for money to make his sandwich not empty. And more recently - a violinist in a subway car, in a dirty jacket, shaggy, playing some unknown folk melody. That day I was incredibly sad, I stood and looked at the floor. He touched my shoulder with a curl of a neck, looked into my eyes and smiled so sincerely that my mood lifted in an instant, despite the shitty situation that weighed on me.

I can remember different cases for a long time. Of course, I also often feel like that same magical girl who cannot conjure a pie for herself, but what can I do.

Health and Living healthy with Elena Malysheva

Not the official website of the programs Health and Live Healthy, Elena Malysheva

Dangerous symptoms

Unexpectedly, the person may have clouding of consciousness, urinary incontinence or change in gait, drowsiness, or weakness.

You will find out today what these symptoms may indicate. If you notice them in yourself or your family, you should pay attention to them. The conversation will focus on the symptoms that you may notice in older parents. Three situations will be described, they cannot be attributed to old age, they require treatment.

We often come across in life such that you come home to your parents, and mom or dad does not recognize you, cannot remember your name, talks, sweats. Yesterday everything could be fine, but today a person has a clouding of consciousness.

The brain is well supplied with blood, because of a heart attack, blood does not enter the brain, the heart cannot pump it. Older people may not feel the pain of a heart attack. Consciousness begins to get confused, a person does not understand what time it is. It is urgent to call an ambulance, and not write off this condition for old age.

The situation can be acute, it can threaten a person's life. We need to check the patient's heart. Often people do not take any action, and this leads to the death of an elderly person. It happens that you are talking to an elderly person, he has weakness, he cannot understand what you are saying, the person falls asleep, cannot concentrate.

But before that, a person could have received a small head injury, there could have been a small blow to the head even a week ago. If there was any head injury, there could be a brain hemorrhage. This hemorrhage does not begin immediately. Hemorrhage accumulates, it develops.

Gradually, the blood compresses the structure of the brain, a violation of brain activity occurs after a week. There is severe drowsiness, the person literally falls asleep. Call an ambulance and take the person to the hospital.

It is necessary to pay attention to a sudden change in the state of the father or mother. But at one moment the person barely gets up, he can’t start walking, he accelerates, he can’t walk normally, the person urinates under himself, he may not recognize you.

There are two structures in the brain that are filled with fluid; fluid is produced by special plexuses. At some point, there may be a violation of the outflow or absorption of the fluid. The fluid accumulates, the brain is compressed. This is dropsy of the brain. If you urgently go to an ambulance, then you can prolong a person's life.

We remind you that the synopsis is only a brief summary of information on this topic from a specific program, the full video release can be viewed here Life is great: Issue of May 19, 2014

Why is the conspiracy not working?

To know why the conspiracy does not work, you need to analyze the progress of its implementation. It is quite possible that some inaccuracy or non-observance of a certain rule did not allow it to happen. In any case, if the spell is not fulfilled, then there is a reason for this. There are not so many of them, but they can negate even the most complex and effective rite.

Reasons for not fulfilling conspiracies

Usually the most common reasons for not fulfilling conspiracies are the following:

1. Wrong plot. This can happen when a person does not take into account real life circumstances. For example, he performs a conspiracy for a bonus without having a job.
2. Failure to comply with the rules of the ceremony. Pampering and a frivolous approach to business always end in failure for any magical rite. Or the execution of a conspiracy in front of strangers does not allow words to acquire magical power for him.
3. Information leak. That is, a special or accidental dissemination of information about the ceremony. Publicity in matters of magic is highly undesirable!
4. Failure to comply with the requirements of the conspiracy. For example, the ceremony was held at the wrong time and in the wrong place that were needed. The practitioner must understand that time and space are not a whim, this is a prerequisite for a successful rite. If the text of the conspiracy says that the ceremony is held at midnight, then this does not mean that 2 hours before that "it's time". The conspiracy usually does not take much time, so it is very important to strictly observe this rule.
5. If the plot refers to an outsider, then the reason for its failure may be protection from magic by this person. It is necessary to take a closer look at the things of the person being spoken to, whether he has a talisman or amulet. Failures can be avoided if an additional ritual of purification is performed before the ritual.
6. Weak desire of the performer to the goal. A person must want to get what they want. Indifference to the process, a weak concentration of one's energy during the ceremony will not be able to fully endow it with strength. For the result, strength is needed, and where can they come from, if not from the performer himself?

Subjective reasons for non-fulfillment of conspiracies

Such reasons include the haste and fuss of the performer. Any conspiracy or rite can act equally on the third day, and on the forty-first. Anticipation of events, haste, extra fuss, which are accompanied by repeated rites, will lead to nothing, and sometimes they will bring trouble.

It is possible that the plot simply did not have time to come true. If more than 41 days have passed, and there is no result, then it will not happen anymore (unless the rite itself implies a different execution time, for example, after 3 months, 5 years, etc.).

Be that as it may, only the performer can correctly answer the question of why the conspiracy does not work. Only he knows the possible flaws and inaccuracies in the performance of the ceremony. A serious approach, a positive attitude, a great desire, combined with the requirements, will allow the performer not to ask such questions in the future.

What should I do if I speak indistinctly, "chew" words, cannot connect my thoughts and often confuse words? How to deal with it?

Train. To train diction and, above all, self-confidence.

You approach the mirror, so, imposingly, your nose turned up, and loudly, solemnly, without chattering, you read a verse. You can by heart. Maybe motherly.

Tongue Twisters. Not in a whisper to himself, but in a good and confident voice. You can also read excerpts from books or poetry. With expression and feeling, so as not to lose the acquired diction when attention switches to the text. It is advisable to record yourself on a voice recorder. Showing your friends is completely optional, but if you want and trust them, then why not.

Sing. No, seriously, even if you are afraid or ashamed to make too loud sounds - sing. It doesn't matter what kind of voice you have, your task is to get used to it, try to portray emotions. You can turn on the music in your headphones - you will stop hearing yourself, and the neighbors will somehow tolerate it. As if their opinion would make a difference, right?

Stop worrying. All these confusions are due to insecurity and fear. Calm yourself down. Watch the pace of speech and do not chatter. If you notice that you are starting to speak quickly, then slow yourself down. Slowing down the rate of speech and breathing in general will calm you down.

Do not cover your mouth with your hands, do not speak to the floor. The interlocutor is not there unless you are chatting with the Devil himself.

And yes, you can consult a specialist. A speech therapist specializes not only in speech defects. Alternatively, sign up for acting classes. There you will be given diction and words will be taught not to be confused.

I'm talking, I'm confusing words

Girls, it's just PPC. I understand that the brain just atrophies. My husband is generally furious, and says that I have become dumb as a cork. I don’t know, maybe this decree has such an effect and the routine absorbed me so much that the brain was so rebuilt, but I myself began to notice that something was wrong. By the way, she graduated from high school with honors, went to college on an interview, then to the university on a budget. Graduated with an almost red diploma. At work, too, in a month I achieved an increase and doubling the salary. I read it the other day.

Girls, I'll tell you in order. The entire first trimester I walked in a fog. I could not think normally, I constantly wanted to sleep, my thoughts were confused. Right on schedule by week 12, it all went well and I set myself up for a happy active second trimester, where moving, renovations, weddings and travel fit in perfectly, as well as finishing touches on projects at work, etc. On Monday, I went to a meeting again at work, of course I didn’t get enough sleep and was tired, yesterday I fell asleep at 9 pm. as in the first.

Girls-lawyers, help me figure it out, please! A lot of questions and misunderstanding how to act. My mother is a disabled person of the 1st group, she can no longer walk, she lives with me, as I take care of her. We live in Moscow, but we have an apartment in Kaluga (my grandmother issued it as a deed of gift to my mother). Mom wants to transfer this apartment to me (also a donation). What is the course of action (since mom entrusts it to me)? I understand that the first step is to issue a power of attorney with a notary. Here I have two questions.

It is these words that can most accurately and succinctly characterize my condition for the last 2 weeks ..))

Before, if I liked a man. or a guy .. or a teacher at the institute. or someone else .. which was extremely rare, because in 90% of cases I fell in love with the heroes of my favorite books and films. When I passed by these rare men I really liked .. or spoke. or something. such passions shook me inside .. I thought about him :))) I, as it seemed to me, blushed, turned pale. and in general, I didn’t know where to put myself.. It seemed to me. it is obvious that I am TO HIM - the object of my love and fantasies. feel. It was especially hard with the teacher .. whom I am.

On the 14th, Olezhka will turn 4 years old.

Today I took him away from my mother, he saw that I painted my nails with green varnish (on the occasion of yesterday's meeting with my own husband))), at first he shouted that uñas rojas (red nails), when I suggested that he think, he corrected himself, asked, why green)) I, in the spirit of the old riddle about “green hangs on the wall and squeaks,” answered “because I painted it.” And then Arthur began to play with a plastic chair, also green, and here he proudly announced: “silla es verde, como uñas” (the chair is green like nails))))))).

All sorts of stomach pains began to torment me from the first course. Classics of the genre: students, snacks, unimaginable cocktails and so on. Could. She knew how. Practiced. There was not and is not a gastroenterologist in our city. When the pains became more noticeable and more frequent, I went to the therapist, he said that I need to do a gastroscopy. What? How? Hose? To me? Fuck it! And I left, firmly deciding that this would never happen. Someone somewhere advised me "Almagel". They were saved. And it seemed to let go. And so she lived. That covered with pain, then.

Just to call you: love yourself! - to no avail, how can you love yourself if you don't know how to do it? First, let's take a better look at ourselves: why you don't love yourself: laziness, passivity, missed opportunities,

I will work on relationships: read different books about relationships, about 1 chapter a day, and so on. I'll start with the book "New Rules. Secrets of successful relationships for modern girls. I understand that it seems to be for unmarried people, but I think that it will come in handy for me too. I will be a difficult task for him, I will not show special interest in him. I will treat him almost the same as I would treat a guy I don’t care about, I won’t talk to him first, I won’t accept invitations to.

Just to call you: love yourself! - to no avail, how can you love yourself if you don't know how to do it? First, let's take a better look at ourselves: why you don't love yourself: laziness, passivity, missed opportunities, lack of system, irascibility ... many would add: weak will, self-humiliation, indulgence in your bad habits, knew that it would be worse, but did nothing , the inability to keep yourself in tight rein when necessary ... And now think: where is it all, why do you hate yourself so much? Where is it located.

As children, they were inadvertently taught to be unhappy, and since then they have lived according to a given scenario. You may accidentally find yourself completely unintentionally hypnotizing your children into self-hatred. Steve Biddulph: Most people are simply programmed for misfortune Think about it - probably everyone you know has problems. Some of them lack self-confidence, some are not able to make independent decisions, do not know how to relax, and cannot establish contact with other people. Some of them are aggressive all the time.

Myths about a single mother A single mother is a kind of collective folklore image, about which there are enough myths. Moreover, the concept of “single mother” is much broader than the usual combination “Single mother”, because women after divorce and widows also fall into this category. Let's talk about how society sees them, and what a single mother really is. A single mother is a kind of collective folklore image, about which there are enough myths. Moreover, the concept of “single mother” is much broader than the usual combination “Single mother”, after all.

I will write a lot.

So let's get started! 1. Learn the right words in the right way Starting a new language means having to learn new words. A lot of words. Of course, many people cite poor memory when building up a new vocabulary, so they quit before they even get started in earnest. But here's the key - you don't need to know all the words in a language to speak it (in fact, you don't know all the words in your native language either). As Tim already wrote in his article about learning.

If a child at 1.5-2.5 years old practically does not have normal words like “mother”, “woman”, “bi-bi”, “top-top”, but speaks “his” language, and a lot and actively - running to a speech therapist: perhaps this is a sensory impairment. - If a child at 1.5-3 years old “understands everything, but does not want to speak”, communicates with gestures and “mooing” - running to a speech therapist, perhaps this is a motor disorder (more precisely, expressive). NORMS OF SPEECH DEVELOPMENT OR WHEN SHOULD YOU CONSULT A SPEECH THERAPIST? Norms of speech development at 1 year old: - The baby understands simple requests.

With their help, you can unravel the secrets that your subconscious mind hides. Test results will help you better understand yourself and other people. ! I warn you that there is a lot of text! Imagine yourself in the situations that will be offered to you, and then describe what you saw while answering the test questions. To make it easier to decipher the results, write down your answers on a piece of paper. Rules: 1. Answer the first thing that comes to your mind. 2. Don't try to anticipate the answers. 3. Be honest with yourself. 4. Keep your mind open.

then this is for you.

from here http://rakugan.livejournal.com/330656.html Recently we have an interesting book - "The Life of "Ivan". It was written by Olga Petrovna Semenova-Tyan-Shanskaya, the daughter of a famous traveler. She herself did not go on distant expeditions - the objects of her research lived in the neighboring village of Gremyachka, Ryazan province, and many of them served all their lives on her father's estate. Without hiding or embellishing anything, for many years Olga Petrovna meticulously recorded everything that attitude to peasant life, and collected a huge array of information: the arrangement of the house, inventory, food, clothing, the progress of agricultural work, the yield of various.

I will sum up our results, what my daughter has learned lately. * Nastena became my little "secretary". He remembers to whom on the phone what music is set for me. Distinguishes between my husband, my mother and my sister))) If the phone is in another room, and I can’t hear, it carries me and tells me who is calling! Even if he hears that an SMS has arrived, he will always say “Message!”. She learned this on the answering machine))) he stands low with us, on the bedside table. So she played and played, she pressed the button, and there everything was “You have it.

Firstly, at the beginning of December, “R” returned to us completely and irrevocably))) (it appeared for 1.5-2 weeks in the summer, and it was also clear, but in combinations “re” and “ri”) uRRRa!)) )

A month ago, I had a week of doing nothing, the flu knocked me down!! In general, I hung out all day in bed and on the Internet. It wasn’t enough for me to have the flu, I got sick in a hurry with all sorts of Korean creams, uhhh. when I remember how I chose them, I will shudder.) Firstly, the choice is huge!! And I, in general, did not understand what kind of animal it was and what I specifically needed. and whether it is necessary.) In a week I studied sooooo much.

So, about my mastitis. Be patient, the story will be long. It all happened during pregnancy - within a week. (So, alas, it can be not only for nursing)

Please answer them at your convenience. Today I will not have much time to talk, but tomorrow I am ready to talk in more detail on this topic.

How long ago did this problem appear?

Please provide some examples of such reservations.

Have you consulted a neurologist with this problem?

Have you experienced any stress during these three years? Is there something that worries you, makes you think about it often, worry about it?

Psychologist, Accredited Gestalt Therapist

Psychologist, Accredited Gestalt Therapist

I will definitely go to a neurologist. There were no stressful situations, I did not change jobs, everything is stable in family life too.

I don't even know what to grab onto.

Psychologist, Accredited Gestalt Therapist

I have three children, 11 years old, 7 years old and 4 months old. If this problem appeared now or during pregnancy.

When diagnosing any situation, it is always important to determine whether the difficulty is medical in nature, or only psychological.

When choosing a neurologist, do not contact a simple district police officer, find an experienced professional with a name. Even if it costs money. Health is more expensive.

THE PROBLEM WITH THINKING, I FORGET AND I CONFUSE THE WORDS

She was examined by a neurologist for vegetative crises, the last data (a month ago) - she hit her nose with a finger, KLA, TSH, sugar, urine, ECG, holter are normal. I did an MRI of the brain after the first attack 4 years ago - the norm, so I'm thinking of repeating it. Also, 4 years ago, I did an EEG (slight signs of dysfunction of the subcortical-diencephalic structures of the brain, focal and epileptiform signs are not determined), 2 years ago, a duplex of neck vessels (a sign of intracranial hypertension in the venous component). The doctor believes that all my complaints are due to VVD and anxiety, I took glycine, mexidol, vazobral, tanakan, paroxetine, alprazolam, neuromultivit, magneB6 from drugs. Anxiety is reduced, and cognitive abilities do not return.

Tell me what other research to do, where to dig. I don't think that because of anxiety or stress, a person can literally become dumb, as happened in my case. Moreover, there is no improvement in treatment, but only progresses. Thank you.

Since the symptom complex (and not at all an independent diagnosis!) "VVD" is located on the border of different diseases, it has the features of various ailments. These are psychological disorders, neurological, cardiological and vascular.

The first area is psychological. VVD manifests itself in the form of increased fatigue, psychological vulnerability, sometimes personal characteristics are enhanced (for example, in a person prone to shyness or experiencing feelings of anxiety, these character traits become more noticeable).

In second and third place are neurocardiological and vascular disorders.

Their most common manifestations are: interruptions in the work of the heart (feeling that the heart beats, stops, and so on), cold hands and feet, excessive sweating, jumps in blood pressure, heaviness or pain in the head and temples, frequent urination, various pains throughout the body . With VVD, the normal reaction of the vessels is disrupted, sometimes even fainting is possible. People exposed to VVD begin to feel the weather changes more sharply, they become weather dependent.

The most at risk of getting sick are people who are genetically predisposed to this disease, as well as those who lead a sedentary lifestyle. Sometimes, VVD can be a consequence of the flu or stress - these are endogenous (internal) factors. There are also exogenous (external) factors - all kinds of intoxication, poisoning, concussion.

But most often, the disease has a mixed origin, when external and internal risk factors are intertwined, and then even in a very strong physically and mentally person, vegetovascular regulation can be loosened and a VVD symptom complex can develop.

Since VVD in practice is a whole set of symptoms, and not a separate diagnosis (there is no such disease as VVD), then treatment should only be comprehensive.

Basic therapy is a general health-improving measures to eliminate overwork, insomnia, stress. It is aimed, first of all, at optimizing a person's motor activity in the form of light systematic sports, physiotherapy exercises. You need to move more, do exercises. Without this basic complex, all other methods of VVD treatment are ineffective.

Psychotherapy (in a cognitive-behavioral way) - can create an internal healing mechanism that will ensure that a person follows the path of recovery and well-being, helps to establish peace and harmony in the soul, so that nothing interferes with gaining health, removes anxiety and fear.

The task of drug therapy (and it is sometimes required, especially at the initial stage of treatment) is to help a person cope with the main manifestations of the disease.

What are speech disorders? The main symptoms and causes of the disease

Speech disorders in the modern world are quite common, both in adults and in children. For the proper functioning of speech, in addition to the absence of problems in the vocal apparatus itself, the coordinated work of visual and auditory analyzers, the brain and other parts of the nervous system is necessary.

A speech disorder is a disorder of speech skills that can be caused by various reasons. Consider the most common diseases:

Stuttering

Stuttering, or logoneurosis, is one of the most common disorders. This disorder is expressed in the periodic repetition of individual syllables or sounds during a conversation. In addition, convulsive pauses may occur in a person’s speech.

There are several types of stuttering:

• Tonic appearance - frequent stops in speech and stretching of words.
• Clonic view - repetition of syllables and sounds.

Stuttering can be triggered and aggravated by stress, emotional situations, and shocks, such as speaking in front of a large number of people.

Logoneurosis occurs in adults and children. It can be caused by neurological and genetic factors. With timely diagnosis and treatment, it is possible to completely get rid of this problem. There are many methods of treatment - both medical (physiotherapy, speech therapy, medication, psychotherapy), and methods of traditional medicine.

dysarthria

A disease that is characterized by slurred speech and problems with the articulation of sounds. Appears due to disorders in the central nervous system.

One of the characteristic features of this disease can be called reduced mobility of the speech apparatus - lips, tongue, soft palate, which complicates articulation and occurs due to insufficient innervation of the speech apparatus (the presence of nerve endings in tissues and organs, which provides communication with the central nervous system).

• Erased dysarthria is not a very pronounced disease. The person has no problems with hearing and speech apparatus, but has difficulty in sound pronunciation.
• Severe dysarthria is characterized by incomprehensible, slurred speech, disturbances in intonation, breathing, and voice.
• Anarthria is a form of a disease in which a person is unable to speak clearly.

This violation requires complex treatment: speech therapy correction, drug intervention, physiotherapy exercises.

Dyslalia

Tongue-to-tongue is a disease in which a person pronounces some sounds incorrectly, skips them or replaces them with others. This disorder, as a rule, occurs in people with normal hearing and innervation of the articulatory apparatus. As a rule, treatment is carried out by speech therapy intervention.

This is one of the most common disorders of the speech apparatus, which is found in about 25% of preschool children. With timely diagnosis, the violation is quite successfully amenable to correction. Preschool children perceive correction much easier than schoolchildren.

Oligophasia

A disease that often occurs in people who have had an epileptic seizure. It is characterized by an impoverishment of the vocabulary or a simplified construction of sentences.

Oligophasia can be:

• Temporary - acute oligophasia caused by an epileptic seizure;
• Progressive - interictal oligophasia, which occurs with the development of epileptic dementia.

Also, the disease can occur with disorders in the frontal lobe of the brain and some mental disorders.

Aphasia

A speech disorder in which a person cannot understand someone else's speech and express their own thoughts using words and phrases. The disorder occurs when the centers responsible for speech are affected in the cerebral cortex, namely, in the dominant hemisphere.

The cause of the disease can be:

• hemorrhage in the brain;
• abscess;
• traumatic brain injury;
• cerebral thrombosis.

There are several categories of this violation:

• Motor aphasia - a person is not able to pronounce words, but can make sounds, understand someone else's speech.
• Sensory aphasia - a person can speak, but cannot understand someone else's speech.
• Semantic aphasia - a person's speech is not impaired and he is able to hear, but cannot understand the semantic relationships between words.
• Amnestic aphasia is a disease in which a person forgets the name of an object, but is able to describe its function and purpose.
• Total aphasia - a person is not able to speak, write, read and understand the speech of another.

Since aphasia is not a mental disorder, it is necessary to eliminate the cause of the disease in order to treat it.

Akatophasia

Speech disorder, which is characterized by the replacement of necessary words with words that are similar in sound, but not suitable in meaning.

schizophasia

Psychiatric speech disease, which is characterized by speech fragmentation, incorrect semantic structure of speech. A person is able to form phrases, but his speech does not make any sense, is nonsense. This disorder is most common in patients with schizophrenia.

Paraphasia

A speech disorder in which a person confuses individual letters or words and replaces them with incorrect ones.

There are two types of violation:

• Verbal - replacing words that are similar in meaning.
• Literal - caused by sensory or motor speech problems.

Expressive speech disorder

A developmental disorder in children in which there are shortcomings in the use of expressive means of speech. At the same time, children are able to express their thoughts and understand the meaning of someone else's speech.

Symptoms of this disorder also include:

• small vocabulary;
• grammatical errors - incorrect use of declensions and cases;
• low speech activity.

This disorder can be transmitted at the genetic level, and is more common in men. It is diagnosed during examination by a speech therapist, psychologist or neurologist. For treatment, mainly psychotherapeutic methods are used, in some situations, medication is prescribed.

Logoclonia

A disease that is expressed in the periodic repetition of syllables or individual words.

This disorder is provoked by problems with the contraction of the muscles that are involved in the speech process. Muscle spasms are repeated one after another due to deviations in the rhythm of contractions. This disease can accompany Alzheimer's disease, progressive paralysis, encephalitis.

Most speech disorders can be corrected and treated if detected early. Be attentive to your health and contact a specialist if you notice deviations.

3 ways to learn how to speak without hesitation and long pauses

Has it ever happened to you that you know exactly what you want to say, but you still stutter? It usually happens when you least expect it. It's not like you suddenly forgot a whole sentence. More likely, some temporary error in your operating system. As Jonathan Preston, assistant professor of communication sciences at Syracuse University, says, the fact is that your brain coordinates the movements of the lips, tongue and cords at the same time as choosing words. And sometimes it works faster than your vocal apparatus. So when you try to speed up your speech, you stutter. The nervous system also makes it sometimes difficult to speak.

If you're worried about how you sound and look, especially if you're performing in front of a large audience, your brain has to deal with that problem as well. This leads to even more hesitation. But you can pull yourself together and avoid this problem. You just have to practice a little.

Do not rush

Speak words clearly

As Preston points out, some people find it helpful to change the way they speak or how loud they are. "When you speak in a way you're not used to, you shift the focus from what you're saying to how you say it, and that can help you stammer less," he says. Just don't take it to the point of absurdity. All your words should be clear to the listeners. Speak slowly and with emphasis. Make sure your thoughts don't run ahead of your voice.

Remember that you worry the most

the attitude and understanding of the issue is important

the art of oratory should be taught as early as school age in order to get rid of all the constraints and clamps, as the Americans do, who are mostly open and going to the blackboard is not a feat.

And it often happens that you are preparing for some kind of event or some kind of performance for a long time, you are covered by a “screen”), you start to stray, get confused and, above all, this is due to excitement. Therefore, in order to be more confident, it is necessary to remove feelings and worries from your head, this you can add confidence and speed up speech a little. And in order to improve the level of reading and pronunciation of speech in public, you need to at least often communicate on this topic before speaking with your colleagues, comrades. This will help you to communicate confidently on this topic. Also, it is recommended that you be asked questions, if you can learn the answers to these questions, then at a lecture, at an event, you will be able to answer questions with the same, in principle, confidence. So that there is no such thing at the event that any questions baffled you. Many speakers generally advise memorizing small texts and reciting them out loud in front of a mirror. It is necessary to train your speech in front of the mirror as often as possible in this way, simply by speaking the text. Well, of course, the head of everything is erudition, the more erudition a person is, the better the oral speech, the written, the wider the outlook, you have the opportunity to talk on different topics, it is harder to put you in an uncomfortable situation from not knowing something. Therefore, be literate, study, read books, develop.

Public speaking is not an easy task. I have always envied lecturers who know how to famously capture the attention of the audience and keep its attention for a long time. This is real art. Unfortunately, I have to admit that I don’t own it (((But I constantly strive and improve! Advice, of course, is on topic. But in my opinion, in every pre-prepared speech, this is precisely a thorough preparation (up to pronouncing it in front of a mirror in as a rehearsal), and in a spontaneous performance, it is self-confidence and knowledge of the topic of the performance.

It is necessary at night to listen to the speeches of Castro and Ilyich, and our beloved Volfovich - this is a storehouse of verbal masterpieces

Why do I stutter when I speak?

2. Get more sleep and be outdoors.

3. Talk out loud more, pronounce words more clearly and control the course of your thoughts. Since most likely your language does not keep up with the accelerated train of thought and it turns out to be a failure. It is necessary to think calmly in any situation, not to break into accelerated thinking, and as a result, there will be no failures.

4. Of course, there is a more minor course of events, which is associated with pathological changes in the brain. In this case, problems with speech will progress and in this case, a consultation with a neurosurgeon or neuropathologist is necessary, it is possible that magnetic resonance imaging of the brain will have to be done. But don't worry - the probability of 4 points is no more than 2-3%.

Most importantly, you now need to relax, calm down, make your lifestyle smooth, do not rush anywhere and be calm in any situation. By the way, drink vitamins - Neurovitan or any multivitamin with B vitamins - SUPRADIN TABLETS or MULTITABS CLASSIC.

Began to talk

that is, not with anyone at all, but the topics were hackneyed and studied - everything about children, that is, my development did not go. I was even ashamed that I could not formulate my thoughts ..

Who writes that to a neurologist, tell me why? Is this a sign of some kind of illness?

but if there is progress of these symptoms - run to the doctor without any self-treatment. because it sometimes happened to me when there was some kind of stress or brain fatigue. but passed after the stress passed.

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10 secrets to know when reading conspiracies

Conspiracies are a kind of magic spells (more Slavic) that should be slandered on something or someone.

To be more precise, these are such verbal formulas, the structure of construction and the meaning of which, when pronounced, are aimed at achieving some specific goals.

Simply put, it is just a phrase, or a series of phrases united by one meaning, like a poem or a prayer.

This potential can be called an egregor - a kind of energy clot tuned to receive and give energy to those who pronounce the words that created this egregor.

These are always words in a strictly defined order and you cannot change them, otherwise the conspiracy will not work.

According to the will of the ancient sorcerers and magicians, conspiracies are like monuments of a prophetic magical word that contains terrible power. This power should not be awakened unless absolutely necessary, so as not to bring disaster on oneself.

The same applies to any verbal rituals, including prayers: any prayer is said only when it is needed and only in order to achieve some goal (to ask God for something).

Unnecessarily, do not wake up a dragon that can eat you. In order for the conspiracy to activate and work correctly, it is necessary to follow at least the basic rules common to all conspiracies. Let's take a look at them right now.

Thinking about the meaning and purpose of the words, you send your energy and conspiracy powers to the destination, to the goal. Having reached the goal, the words will begin to work. After uttering the last word, hold your breath for a couple of seconds. It happens that the conspiracies are very long and there is not enough breathing. In this case, you need to breathe in and out again and continue the conspiracy. This is done until the very end.

By and large, the meaning of rituals with the utterance of magic words is to control all processes. In this matter, breath control is needed not least, as well as thought control. To control the power of a conspiracy, you must understand and control the entire magical process, every thought and action.

Excessive desire for some result is just as destructive. The latter can cause the action of the balancing forces of nature, which will either bring all your efforts to naught, or else remove the irritant: they will give a violator of balance and peace on the forehead. The latter is easier and less energy-consuming for them than dissolving your energy splashes.

You have to believe implicitly that your words will work. You need to feel your strength, believe in them, feel like a magician. Faith is needed for adjustment, plus it increases self-esteem without any tangible arguments that the other person always needs to get and see first. And you work with the invisible. Faith helps to gather strength "into a fist."

If you do not know how to mentally pump words with energy, read aloud, confidently and loudly, try to give all the energy of your voice to the spoken word. Ideally, after the plot, you should feel a little tired. This means that you have put enough effort into the plot. The concept of sufficiency in such a matter is, of course, relative, because you are only able to do what you can at a given level of development, as far as you are skillful and strong today. But the more effort you put in and the more responsible you approach the matter, the more tangible the result will be in the end.

If you pronounce conspiracies while sitting, their effect will be much lower, because the current of energy is refracted. Plus, in a sitting position, many muscle groups are in a relaxed state, which also weakens the overall energy background.

However, excessive tension is also harmful, and unaccustomed discomfort can knock down the setting completely. In order to tune in to something, you need to at least relax a little. Therefore, in order to avoid such troubles, follow your feelings and try to stick to some golden mean. The harmonious state of both internal (mental) and external (physical) sensations is the key to the successful conduct of any magical ritual.

For each individual conspiracy, something may change. It all depends on the situation and the specific task. And this is already known with experience. Therefore, always study and learn new things. This is a guarantee of your well-being, magical literacy and competence in dealing with ancient forces.

Try it, but be vigilant and careful to use what you don't understand. Good luck!

Why do people confuse words?

This is a sign of mild brain dysfunction.

It can occur as a result of vascular disorders of the blood supply to the brain (atherosclerosis, or "age-related"), can be obtained as a result of perinatal pathology (birth trauma, asphyxia, cervical dislocations during pulling out, etc.), may be the result of thoughtless and premature vaccination of the child, may be a consequence of head injuries (bruises, concussions, "complications" from the flu), viral infections (encephalitis, meningitis, etc.).

As long as a person is in a relatively favorable functional state, it does not reveal itself, but when resources are running out, at some limiting states (stress, overwork, weakness due to some additional illness), it manifests itself very easily.

There is nothing strange or surprising, or pathological in this, but you can refresh yourself, say, with such a drug as Pantocalcin (aka Pantogam) or, who is richer, Phenotropil.

And in general, - to consult a neurologist.

There are many and different causes and manifestations, and the correction of this symptom must also be individually specific.

Severe confusion of speech forgetting words

In order to build a sentence normally and say something, I often have to think it over before I start speaking, otherwise I can confuse terms and words.

Logical thinking and intelligence in general are not affected, I specifically interviewed my acquaintances in case I didn’t notice it myself, everyone talks about confusion of speech and forgetfulness of names and names.

I consider this a very disturbing symptom, please tell me what it could be, who should I contact, or is it not a rare occurrence?

In general, the head does not hurt, I rarely get sick. I smoke here often, a little stressful work. Look like that's it.

talk

Culture of speech communication: Ethics. Pragmatics. Psychology. 2015 .

See what "talking" is in other dictionaries:

TALK - TALK, I talk, I talk, I'm not true. 1. incompatibility to talk. 2. To speak nonsense, absurdities, lose the logical coherence of speech due to a painfully abnormal state of mind (colloquial). The old man began to talk ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

TALK - TALK, ayus, aesh; incompatibility 1. see talking. 2. To speak nonsense due to a disorder, a painful condition. Z. from old age. Speak, but don’t talk (threat: don’t talk, don’t talk too much; simple.). Explanatory Dictionary ... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

to talk - 1. TALK, ayus, ayus; nsv. 1. to Speak up. Speak, don't talk. 2. Expand. Talk incoherently, out of place; to be confused, to get lost in speech. The patient is delirious, talking. 2. SPEAK, see 1. Speak ... Encyclopedic Dictionary

Talking - I carry. neperekh. unfold 1. Get involved in conversation, conversation, talk with someone for a long time. 2. Talk too much; lie. 3. Talk incoherently, out of place, confused, stray in speech. II Nesov. neperekh. suffering to ch. speak III Explanatory Dictionary ... ... Modern Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language Efremova

talk - talk, talk, talk, talk, talk, talk, talk, talk, talk, talk, talk, talk, talk, talk, talk, talk, talk, talk, talk... ... Forms of words

to start talking - to start talking, ayus, aye ... Russian spelling dictionary

talk - (I), talk / rip (s), vaesh (sya), vayut (sya) ... Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language

Talking - - do not observe decency in relation to the highest social position, violation of the existing social distance by speech, liberty in circulation. Wed Listen, don't take too much liberties! (A. Griboedov, Woe from Wit) - Sophia's words to her maid ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Psychology and Pedagogy

to talk - I ayus, aeshsya; nsv. 1) to talk Speak, but do not talk. 2) unfold Talk incoherently, out of place; to be confused, to get lost in speech. The patient is delirious, talking. II see speak I; oats; suffering ... Dictionary of many expressions