The emergence of the cavalry "university"
In April 1809, a special training cavalry squadron was formed in St. Petersburg, the purpose of which was to train non-commissioned officers (100 people annually) and musicians for cavalry regiments.
In the early 1860s, the purpose of the squadron expanded somewhat: “His task was to train officers and lower ranks to teach them how to ride in cavalry regiments, as well as for the theoretical and practical education of cavalry officers and the training of instructors from them”(from the position on the Training Squadron).
In 1875, when Colonel Konstantin Lvovich von Stein was the head of the unit, the squadron, previously based in Pavlovsk, moved to the Arakcheevsky barracks on Shpalernaya Street. By this time, the construction of a special arena and stables is already being completed. In 1882, the training cavalry squadron became the Cavalry Officer School and received the status of a military educational institution of the imperial army.
By the beginning of the 20th century, as the tasks and staff of the school expanded, its territory increased, the barracks accommodated 1200 people only of the lower ranks (officers of the permanent staff were quartered in separate outbuildings), and the stables could accommodate more than 800 (!) Horses.
For horse riding and drill training, the school had at its disposal three large arenas of its own, one small and an extension for vaulting and lunging (now we would call it a “barrel”). Needless to say, there were no problems with the material and technical equipment of the educational institution, which, by the way, was directly subordinate to the inspector general of the cavalry.
It should be noted that in terms of the quality of education, the school could compete with another well-known specialized training center for cavalrymen - the Nikolaev School - and was rightfully considered one of the elite educational institutions in the capital.
Training program
The school consisted of several departments: squadron and hundred commanders, an instructor department, a department of lower rank riders, a training forge and a squadron of the school. The duration of the basic training course for officers was two years (for Cossack commanders - ten and a half months), for the lower ranks - a year and 11 months. In addition, a special course on forging and making horseshoes was developed in the educational forge of the school, which lasted 10.5 months.
It must be said that the program of theoretical studies was quite complex and rich, it included such disciplines as "theory of riding", "hippology", "forging theory", "military regulations and instructions related to cavalry", "information on the history of cavalry ".
Practical lessons were even more varied: “riding on trained horses”, “dressage of young horses”, “horse work on a loose track”, “vaulting”, “riding without stirrups and reins”, “tactics”, “fencing and felling”, “forging horses”, “studying a horse by its exterior and getting acquainted with the methods and techniques of treating horses in the most common cases of illness”; in the summer, "long runs", "swimming", "tactical exercises in the field", "personnel training" and "parfort hunting" were added to them.
The main magazine about horses
Not far from the barracks of the school lived Prince Dmitry Petrovich Bagration, who in 1915 became an adviser to the Main Directorate of State Horse Breeding. Colonel Bagration was an assistant to the head of the Officer Cavalry School and a riding instructor, and in addition, he was the executive editor of the journal "Bulletin of the Russian Cavalry".
As the prince said then: “The need for a special literary body has long been overdue, in which all those who love equestrianism can freely exchange thoughts and unite their work”.
Actually, for this purpose only, the inspector general of the cavalry, Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich (junior) allowed the publication of his own, independent magazine at the Officer Cavalry School. The editorial office was located right on the school grounds, at 51 Shpalernaya Street.
Unfortunately, the Bulletin of the Russian Cavalry was published for a relatively short time: from 1906 to 1914, but the frequency was 24 issues per year. For its time, the magazine was beautifully illustrated, the authors were the leading experts of the country, and the topics of the articles were very diverse, among which, for the first time in the history of printed publications in Russia, a special section dedicated to equestrian sports appeared. The war caused the publication to stop working, and subsequently no one made any attempts to recreate it.
Forge of Heroes
The officer cavalry school in St. Petersburg was a unique training center for army personnel. Among the graduates and teachers of this educational institution were, in truth, the arbiters of the fate of our state. For example, the head of the school from 1886 to 1897 was Vladimir Alexandrovich Sukhomlinov, the future minister of war.
In 1907, Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny was sent to school from the Primorsky Dragoon Regiment, who shows excellent results in compulsory competitions - as we would say now - "for young horses." Here he receives the rank of junior non-commissioned officer, but the command of his regiment does not give him the opportunity to complete his studies and recalls him back after a year.
Four years later, one of his main opponents during the Civil War, the “black baron” Pyotr Nikolaevich Wrangel, successfully completed the course of study at the school. Among the participants in the white movement there were many other graduates of the Officer Cavalry School, for example, Pyotr Vladimirovich von Glazenap (graduation of 1913), Count Fyodor Arturovich Keller (1889), Pyotr Nikolaevich Krasnov (1909).
From left to right: Prince A.S. Gagarin, staff captain A.P. Rodzianko (on horseback)
Cornet N.V. Sipyagin, Lieutenant Baron A.A. Korf, cornet P.P. Baranov. 1909
The very first successful athlete in the history of Russian equestrian sports, a participant in the 1912 Olympics in Stockholm, Alexander Pavlovich Rodzianko, it was here in 1906-1907 that he took a course of study and received the necessary basics of riding skills, which allowed him immediately upon graduation to enter the world-famous cavalry school in Saumur (France).
most respected general
The name of General Aleksey Alekseevich Brusilov - the famous commander of the First World War, the author of an unprecedented offensive operation on the South-Western Front in 1916 - is known to all history buffs. But few people know that this most talented cavalryman and great connoisseur of horses devoted more than a quarter of a century to the Cavalry Officer School.
The future military leader entered the school in 1881, graduated with honors and remained a teacher of riding and dressage of young horses. In 1891, Alexei Alekseevich was promoted to head of the department of squadron and hundred commanders. In the spring of 1898, Brusilov went on a business trip to Germany, Austria and France with a responsible mission of inspecting cavalry regiments and schools, as well as acquiring horses.
Since 1902, Aleksey Alekseevich has been the head of the school, but already in 1906 he was forced to leave his beloved "alma mater" in connection with the transfer to the 2nd Guards Cavalry Division as a commander (the army needed not only talented teachers, but also real commanders) . The general's further activities were completely absorbed by the war for many years. But at the end of his life, already in Soviet Russia, Brusilov returned to horses again. He was appointed chief inspector of the Main Directorate of Horse Breeding and Horse Breeding of the RSFSR.
Thanks to the great authority of Brusilov in the military environment, he was willingly appointed to other positions related to the cavalry, attracted to lecture at the Academy of the Red Army. Actually, Aleksey Alekseevich became one of the few positive examples of cooperation between the highest military officials of the imperial army and the Bolsheviks, and one of his main merits can be considered the fact that it was he who transferred invaluable knowledge and experience in working with horses and all the wisdom of riding and equestrian sport to future generations, regardless of the color of the flag under which they compete.
The same Englishman
James Phyllis (1834–1913) is widely considered to be the finest groomer and dressage theorist of his day. All of Europe admired his skill, he repeatedly received personal approval from the Austrian imperial couple, and Emperor Franz Joseph gave him the best stallion of his factory - gray Maestoso. In St. Petersburg, James Phyllis first appeared in the autumn of 1897, already at an advanced age, performing in the Cinizelli circus. It was a real triumph for the higher school of dressage.
Struck by the skill of the Englishman, the Inspector General of the Cavalry, Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolayevich, entrusts him with preparing the change of horses of the Imperial Court Stables (Phyllis receives a state award for the successful completion of this task), and then gives him his own horses to work. Having tamed two giants “carrying at a gallop” in just two months, James Phyllis strengthened his authority as a dressage wizard, and from 1898 he became a senior riding instructor at the Officers’ Cavalry School for ten years, and his method of work forms the basis of the cavalry charter of the cavalry first the imperial, and then the Red Army.
According to this system, all the great Soviet athletes of the twentieth century were subsequently trained. At the funeral of James Phyllis in 1913 in Paris, the Russian military attache, General Alexei Alekseevich Ignatiev, who personally knew the great master, laid a huge wreath of fresh flowers on his grave with the inscription: “Les eleves reconnaissants de la cavalerie russe” (“From grateful students from the Russian cavalry").
It's all about the war
The most important paradox of the Officer Cavalry School is that the cessation of its activities is connected with the outbreak of the First World War: after all, it would seem that it was originally created for the purpose of training army personnel - and in the difficult war years, the importance of the school as the most important training center for cavalry should it just got bigger...
But all the generals in charge of this educational institution were forced to switch from teaching to their direct duties, and the permanent officer staff of the school was united in an elite cavalry regiment (imagine what a terrible fighting force this unit was equipped with such qualified horsemen), who was thrown into the hell of the First World War. Most of these people never returned from the battlefields. 1914 was the last year in the history of the Cavalry Officer School.
After the revolution, the barracks and all the buildings were never used for their intended purpose, but through such prominent people as S.M. Budyonny, A.A. Brusilov and A.A. improvements in the command staff of the cavalry (in the city of Novocherkassk) to the famous Red Banner Higher Officer Cavalry School (based in the Khamovniki Manege in Moscow)
In 1832, Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov, being defined in the Life Guards Hussar Regiment, entered the Guards School. At that time, the guards junkers were not with their regiments, but were all in the aforementioned school, where they were supposed to stay for two years, after which those who passed the exam were promoted to officers. They entered at least seventeen years of age.
Among his comrades, Lermontov did not stand out in any way from others. At school, Lermontov had a passion for pestering with his sharp and often even malicious ridicule those of his comrades with whom he was more friendly. Of course, many paid him the same, and this amused him very much. Few of the junkers at school did not have any nickname; Lermontov was nicknamed Mayoshka, a diminutive of Mayo - the name of one of the characters in the novel Notre-Dame de Paris, which was then in fashion, this Mayo is depicted in the novel as a freak, hunchbacked2. Of course, this nickname did not go to Lermontov, and he always laughed heartily at him. Lermontov was short, stocky, broad-shouldered and slightly round-shouldered. In winter, in severe frosts, the junkers, leaving school, put on overcoats in the sleeves, over uniforms and mentiks; in this form, he really seemed clumsy, which he himself was aware of and once drew a caricature of himself in these clothes. Subsequently, under the name Mayoshka, he described himself in the poem "Mongo". "Mongo" is also a school nickname given to Alexei Arkadyevich Stolypin, a cadet of the Life Guards Hussar Regiment. Stolypin was very handsome and very likeable. The name "Mongo" was also taken from some French novel, at that time in great circulation, one of the characters of which bore this name.
Lermontov was not one of the notorious naughty, but he sometimes liked to play schoolboys. In the evenings, when we were free from work, we often gathered around the piano (which we rented for the winter); on it, one of the junkers, who knew music well, accompanied his comrades, who sang different songs in chorus. Lermontov immediately joined the singing, loudly sang a completely different song and knocked everyone out of time; of course, this raised noise, laughter and attacks on Lermontov. Romances were sometimes sung, etc., which Lermontov altered for our amusement, applying them to many of our junkers, such as, for example, a poem (then circulating in manuscript) which says:
As in rainy days
They were going
Often ... and so on ..
I don’t remember the title of this poem, but Lermontov’s altered content is too immodest and cannot appear in print.
We had a Junker Sh<аховско>y, excellent comrade; everyone loved him, but he had the weakness to get angry when his comrades mocked him. He had a very large nose, which the naughty Junkers found like a rifle trigger. This Shakhovskoy received the nickname of the trigger and the prince of the nose. In the poem "Ulansha" Lermontov says about him:
Prince-nose, sniffling, lay down on the saddle -
Nobody with a numb hand
He is not caught by the trigger.
This same Shakhovskoy was of an amorous nature; visiting his acquaintances, he often fell in love with young girls and, confiding his heart secrets to his comrades, always called the object of his passion a goddess. This gave Lermontov a reason to say impromptu, about which I later heard from many, that this impromptu was said by our poet about the courtship of the young Frenchman Barant for one of the high-society ladies. I don't know, maybe it was so, but, in any case, it was already a repetition of the impromptu said by Lermontov in order to annoy Shakhovsky for the amusement of his comrades. I report below this impromptu, nowhere printed; Before that, let me explain to the reader what the matter is. In the cadet school, in addition to the commanders of the squadron and the infantry company, there were several more officers from different guards cavalry and infantry regiments with the designated units, who were in charge of the squadron and company, and, moreover, were on duty in turn: cavalry - by squadron, infantry - by company. Between the cavalry officers was the headquarters captain of Clairon, a lancer regiment, a Frenchman, a native of Strasbourg; the junkers loved him more than all the officers. He was very friendly, treated us like comrades, often aptly joked and spoke puns, which amused us very much. Cleron visited one family, where Shakhovskoy also visited, and there this cadet took it into his head to fall in love with a governess. Cleron, noticing this, once played a trick on him, spending a whole evening talking with the governess, who was delighted with the witticisms and courtesy of our Frenchman and did not leave him all the time until he left. Shakhovskoy was very excited about this. Some of the comrades who were there with them, returning to school, told others about this joke of Clairon. The next day, many of the rascals on this occasion began to pester Shakhovsky with their ridicule. Lermontov, of course, too, and then his next impromptu appeared (it must be said that the governess, adored by Shakhovsky, was not bad-looking, but rather fat):
Oh, how sweet is your goddess!
A Frenchman is dragging behind her, -
She has a face like a melon
But ... like a watermelon.
It should be noted that in general Lermontov did not like to let others write off his poems, even read them, with the exception of the playful and not entirely modest ones that appeared in our handwritten journal. The compilers of the numbers of this magazine were all who wanted and knew how to write something amusing in verse or prose for the amusement of comrades. The publication of this school handwritten magazine6 (appearing once a week) did not last long, and the magazine soon bored the fickle rakes.
In the evenings, after studies, our poet often went to remote classrooms, empty at that time, and there he sat alone for a long time and wrote until late at night, trying to get there without being seen by his comrades. Sometimes he took up painting; he drew well and liked to depict Caucasian views and Circassians galloping over the mountains. The views of the Caucasus remained in his memory after he was there for the first time as a child (twelve years old)7, with his own grandmother E. A. Arsenyeva. To this respected old woman, he used to be fired from school on holidays.
By the way, at the same time, I note that Lermontov's poems "Demon" and "Hadji Abrek", in which Caucasian views are so poetically depicted, were written by him before his first exile to the Caucasus. Some of our critics, not knowing it, reproached the poet for describing and sang of what he had not seen. Lermontov, having visited the Caucasus for the second time already as a young man, remade and expanded the poem "The Demon", and therefore there are two editions of this poem8. "Hadji Abrek" was written by him at the cadet school.
Lermontov was quite strong, in particular he had great strength in his hands, and he liked to compete in that with the cadet Karachinsky, who was known throughout the school as a wonderful strong man - he bent ramrods and made knots, as if from ropes. He had to pay a lot of money for the damaged ramrods of the hussar carbines to non-commissioned officers who were entrusted with the preservation of state-owned weapons. One day, both of them were having fun in the hall with similar tours de force *, suddenly the director of the school, General Schlippenbach, entered there. What was his surprise when he saw such activities of the junkers. Getting excited, he began to make remarks to them: “Well, aren’t you ashamed to be so childish! Children, or something, you, to be so naughty! .. Go under arrest. They were arrested for one day. After that, Lermontov told us amusingly about the reprimand received by him and Karachinsky. “Good children,” he repeated, “who can knit knots from iron ramrods,” and at the same time burst into loud laughter from the heart.
The commander of our cadet squadron, at the time I am describing, was the Life Guards of the Cuirassier Regiment, Colonel Alexei Stepanovich Stuneev, married to the elder sister of the wife of the famous composer M.I. bride. Often in the evenings many of the cadets were invited there, of course, Lermontov too; but he seldom went there, and was generally reluctant to visit the chiefs, and did not like courting them.
In educational and literary studies, in classes in the field part and riding arena, sometimes in pranks and schooling - so two years at the cadet school passed unnoticed by Lermontov. At the end of 1834 he was promoted to cornet. After a few days of production, he was already flaunting in an officer's uniform. His grandmother E. A. Arsenyeva at the same time instructed one of the artists to remove a portrait from Lermontov. This portrait, which I saw, was painted with oil paints in natural size, waist-deep. Lermontov in the portrait is depicted in the uniform (form of that time) of the guards hussars, in cornet epaulettes; in the hands of a triangular hat with a white sultan, which was then worn by cavalrymen, and with an overcoat with a beaver collar thrown over the left shoulder. In this portrait, although Lermontov was a little flattered, the expression of his eyes and his bustle were captured correctly.
On production, the junker officers were sworn in, after which the school authorities presented them to Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich, who introduced them to Sovereign Nikolai Pavlovich. Finally, all the newly produced youth, parting with their comrades, went to different regiments. Lermontov left for Tsarskoye Selo.
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nPA DPMZPCHSHA PYOPLHA ZHYZHTH, CH RPNSFPK CH CHBZPOE LBDEFULPK YUETOPC YOYOMY, X UFELMSOOPK CHIPDOPC DCHETY PICHBFYMB OECHPMSHOBS TSHFSH RETED VHDHEIN. CHSHCHDETTSH MY S CHSHCHUPLHA NBTLH "UMBCHOPK YLPMSCH" CH YLHTE VEURTBCHOPZP "UHZHVGB", P NOPZPUFTDBMSHOPK TSOY LPFPTSCHI VSCHMP UFPMSHLP ZHBOFBUFYUEULYI TBUULBCHTE UTEDY OBYEK LTBFUYULPK.
uFHLOHMB CHIPDOBS DCHETSH, ЪCHSLOHM ZDE-FP OBD ZPMPCHPK LPMPLPMSHYUYL Y, OE YUHCHUFCHHS RPD UPVPK OPZ, S HCE UFPSM H FPN ZOEEDE THUULPK LPOOYGSCH, PFLHDB CHSCHMEFEMP UFPMShLP UMBCHOSCHI RFEOGPC. YYTPLYK Y FENOPCHBFShKK CHEUFYVAMSH VSCHM NEOSHY OBYEZP LPTRHUOPZP. nTBNPTOBS, CH DCHB NBTYB, MEUFOIGB CHEMB SCORE; RPD OEA CHYDOEMBUSH UFELMSOOBS DCHETSH H VEMHA SBMH U LPMPOOBNY. DETTSB CH THLE YUENPDBO, SOETEYFEMSHOP PUFBOCHYMUS ABOUT NEUFE, OILPZP OE CHYDS YOE OBBS, LHDB YDFY DBMSHYE.
- DDTBCHYS CEMBA, ZPURPDYO LPTOEF, - CHDTKhZ TBDBMUS RPBDY NEOS OEZTPNLYK, UPMYDOSHK ZPMPU.
With Pethehmus on the PPP UFBOPE RTYCHEFUFCHEE, FBL OE Uppüchfufchhaeeeeee Npens Rappesoya, S Plbmus MIGPN L MIGH in Chistin, RTefbchyfemshoshkn Schekgbtpn, Rpschychynus Pflhdb-FP UVPLHH HTPMKTBLE RFTBR.
- DTBCHUFCHK...
dPChPMShFE, ZPURPDYO LPTOEF, HOE CHBY YFSCHYUPL, B AF in Oin OBCHETI X OCU YDFY OE RPMBZBEFUS ZPURPDB LPTOEFSCH UFBTYEZP LHTUB PVYTSBFSHUS VHDHF J ... CHBU OERTYSFOPUFY PTSYDBAF-U NOPZPOBYUYFEMSHOSCHN FPOEN CHRPMZPMPUB RTPDPMTSBM YCHEKGBT. - b YuENPDBOYUYL CHPЪSHNYFE U UPVPK OCHETI, LFP RPMBZBEFUS, - X OBU FTBDYGYS-U ...
rTYUMHZB yLPMShch, LBL S RPFPN HOBM, CHUS RPZPMCHOP ЪOBMB Y UFTPZP UPVMADBMB CHUE OERYUBOSCHE BLPOSHCH HYUYMYEB, Y FERETSH, ABOUT RPTPZE NPK OPCHPK TSOY YCHEKGBT RETCHSHCHN RPCHSHCHN RPCHSHCHN h FPF TSE DEOSH S HVEDYMUS, UFP UPCHEF YCHEKGBTB ABOUT RETCHSHCHI YBZBI NPEP AOLETULPZP VSHCHFIS VSCHM, LBL OEMSHЪS VPMEE, RPMEJEO Y YЪVBCHYM NEOS PF VPMSHYI OERTYSFOPUFEK. yFSHCHL, LPFPTSCHN NShch, LBDEFSCH UFTPECHPK TPFSCH, FBL ZPTDYMYUSH, PLBMBUS CH ZMBBI "LPTOEFPCH" yLPMSCH UINCHPMPN REIPFOPZP YCHBOYS; RPSCHMEOYE U OIN UTEDI FBLYI PFYASCHMEOOOSCHI LBCHBMETYUFCH, LBLYNY SOY VSCHMY, SCHMSMPUSH CH YI ZMBBBI "OERTPUFYFEMSHOPK DETPUFSHHA" UP UFPTPOSCH "NPMPDPZP" Y SCHON OBTKHYOYEN FTBDYGYK.
RETEDBCH YCHEKGBTH YOYEMSH Y YFSHL, S U YUENPDBOPN CH THLE OBRTBCHYMUS L MEUFOIGE, OPEDCHB RPUFBCHYM OPZH ABOUT RETCHHA HER UFHREOSHLH, LBL VSCHM PUFBOPCMEO LPNBODOSHCHN Y SHCHUOSCHN PLMIHLPN ACCOUNTING:
— lKhDB?.. nPMPDK, OBBD!..
VEURPNPEOP PZMSOKHCHYUSH, WITH PUFBOCHYMUS. yCHEKGBT, NOPZPOBBYUYFEMSHOP RPLBSCCHBS NOE RBMSHGEN ABOUT DTHZHA MEUFOIGH, RTPYERFBM:
- FP LPTOEFULBS ... DMS ZPUURPD AOLETCH UFBTYEZP LHTUB.
RETEKDS ABOUT DTHZHA UFTPOH, S RPDOSMUS CH RETCHSHCHK LFBTs U TSHFLYN PEHEEOOYEN, UFP LFP-FP UMEDIF OB LBCDSCHN NPYN DCHYTSEOYEN Y CHPSHNEF NEOS OENEDMEOOP "CH TBVPPHKh". DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP, OBCHETIKH MEUFOIGSHCH, CHSHCHIPDSEEK CH OEPPMSHYKHA IBMH, YNEOPCHBCHYHAUS "UTEDOEK RMPEBDLPK", NEOS PTSYDBMB ZTPOBS Y CHEMYLPMEROBS ZHYZHTB. lTBUYChSchK J UFTPKOSCHK, LBL DPTPZBS YZTHYLB, FPMSHLP YUFP CHSCHYEDYBS dv NBZBYOB, RETEDP Buttons UFPSM, BZPTBTSYCHBS DPTPZH, AOLET UFBTYEZP LHTUB, PDEFSCHK have YZPMPYULY, B PFMYYUOP UYYFPN BEYFOPN LYFEME, UYOYI VTYDTSBI J CHEMYLPMEROSCHI UBRPZBI, ON LPFPTSCHI LBLYN-OP YUHDOSCHN UETEVTSOSCHN CHPOPN CHHYUBMY YRPTSCH, IPFS YI CHMBDEMEG LBL VHDFP UPFSM UCHETIEOOOP OERPCHYTSOP. lPZDB S RPDPIEM L OENH CHRMPFOKHA, PO, OE NYZBS, UFTPZP RPUNPFTEM NOE CH MYGP Y RTPZPCHPTYM OEVTETSOSHCHN FPOPN:
— nPE YNS Y PFUEUFCHP?
- oE NPZH OBFSH, ZPURPDYO LPTOEF. with FPMSHLP UFP RTYEIIBM...
— lbl? — CHPЪNHFIYMUS PO Y DBTSE RPLBYUOKHMUS PF YЪHNMEOYS, — CHS HCE DCHE NYOHFSHCH CH YLPME OY OE BEFE NPEZP YNEOY Y PFUEUFCHB? chshch YUFP CE, NPMPDPK, OE YOFETEUKHEFEUSH UMHTsVPK? yMY, VSHCHFSH NPTSEF, PYYVMYUSH BDTEUPN Y YMYY CH HOYCHETUIFEF? - BLPOYUM PO HOYUFPTSBAEIN FPOPN.
— OILBL OEF, ZPURPDYO LPTOEF. with RTYVSHCHM ABOUT UMHTSVH H yLPMH UHZHVGEN, OP FPMSHLP EEE UMBV H DYUMPLBGYY ...
- b-B-B, - CHEMYUEFCHEOOP RTPFSOKHM LPTOEF, - FFP DTHZPE DEMP.
UTBYH UNSZYUYCH FPO, PO RTPDPMTSBM:
— ChSCH, S CHYTSKH, NPMPDPK, RPDBEFE OBDETSDSCH... FFP IPTPYP... FFP RTYSFOP... RPTsBMHKFE b NOPC.
ON LTHFP RPCHETOKHMUS Y BYBZBM YuETE BYBMH CHRETEDY NOS. with RPYUFYFEMSHOP RPUMEDPCHBM OB OBYUBMSHUFCHPN, OE CHSHCHRHULBS Y THL YuENPDBOB.
l UMYFOPNH ZHMH ZPMPUPCH, OEUYENHUS OPL OBCHUFTEYUH dv RPNEEEOYS ULBDTPOB, FBL OBLPNPNH HOE RP LPTRHUH, DEUSH, PDOBLP, RTYNEYYCHBMUS OETSOSCHK, NEFBMMYYUEULYK CHHL, BUFBCHYCHYYK UMBDLP UTSBFSHUS NPE NBMSHYUYYEULPE UETDGE. "YRPTSCH"! - NEMSHLOHMB X NEOS H ZPMPCHE TBDPUFOBS DPZBDLB, Y ABOUT DHYE UTBYH UFBMP FARM Y CHEUEMP. FP VSCHM, DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP, CHPO NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCHI YRPT, OEYNEOOSCHK RTYOBL LBCHBMETYY, OP DEUSH, B yLPME BY PFMYYUBMUS PUPVEOOPK NEMPDYYUOPUFSHA J ZHUFPFPK, VMBZPDBTS OBNEOYFPNH NBUFETH UFBTPZP rEFETVHTZB uBChEMShEChH, RPUFBCHMSCHYENH UCHPYN LMYEOFBN YRPTSCH The "NBMYOPCHSCHN CHPOPN". RPD FFPF NEMPDYUOSCHK ЪCHPO OBYUBMBUSH DMS NEOS Y ABOUT NOPZYE ZPDSCH RPFELMB NPS DBMSHOEKYBS LBCHBMETYKULBS TSYOSH. AOLET, CHUFTEFYCHYYK NEOS ABOUT MEUFOIG, PLBMUS NBKPTPN UBLMIOULYN. BY DPCHEM NEOS, RPD YTPOYYUEULYNY CHZMSDBNY DTHZYI LPTOEFPHCH, FBLYI CE EZPMECHBFSHCHY Y MPCHLYI, DP DETSHTOPK LPNOBFSCH, ZDE SB CHSHCHUPLPK UFBTYOOOPK LPOFPTLPK WE GO RMPFOSHCHK TPFNYUYUFT. with CHSM RPD LPSHCHTEL Y, CHSCFSOHCHCHYUSH, LBL HFPRMEOOIL, RTPYOEU HUFBCHOKHA ZHPTNKHMX SCHLY:
— ZPURPYO TPFNYUFT! PLPOYUYCHYK LHTU chPTPOETSULPZP CHEMYLPZP LOSS NYIBYMB RBCHMPCHYUB LBDEFULPZP LPTRHUB bOBFPMYK nBTLPCH YuEUFSH YNEEF SCHYFSHUS RP UMHYUBA RTYVSHCHFIS H HYUMYEE.
RTY RETCHSHI UMPCHBI NPEZP TBRPTFB TPFNYUFT VSHCHUFTP OBDEM ZHHTBCLH Y CHSM RPD LPShTEL, B ZTHRRB UFPCHYI H DCHETSI AOLETCH, CHTB EEMLOHCH YRPTBNY, UFBMB UNYTOP. CHCHUMHYBCH NEOS, PJYGET UEM UOPCHB, RTYOSM PF NEOS VHNBZY Y LTYLOHM CH RTPUFTBOUFCHP:
— chchpdoshchk chbinyuft retuydulyk!
YuTE FTY UELHODSCH, UMPCHOP RP CHPMYEVUFCHH, CH DCHETSI CHSHTPU AOLET EEE YLBTOEE CHIDEOOSCHI NOPA DP FFPZP. NEMPDYUOP ЪCHSLOKHCH YRPTBNY, BY CHSCFSOHMUS CH PTSYDBOY RTYLBBOIK.
- CHPF, CHBINYUFT, CHPSHNYFE L UEVE LFPZP NPMPDPZP Y ... H TBVPPFH, - RTYLBBM TPFNYUFT PULBMYCH CH HMSCHVLE UCHPY, OB TEDLPUFSH VEMSHCHE ЪHVSHCH.
— UMHYBA, ZPURPDYO TPFNYUFT, — CHUEMP PFTCHEFIM CHBINYUFT Y, RPCHETOKHCHYUSH LTHZPN, CHCHYEM YЪ DETSKHTLY. FFPF MYIPK AOLET, UFTPKOSHCHK Y RPDFSOHFSHKK, RTEYURPMOYM NPE UETDGE UETDGE UVBTPZP LBDEFB YJKHNMEOYEN Y CHPUFPTZPN. CHUE EZP DCHYTSEOIS, TSEUFSHCH Y RPCHPTPFSHCHOE VSCHMY RPIPTSY ABOUT ZTKHVPCHBFSHCHE LBDEFULIE RTYENSCH, BRTEDUFBCHMSMY UPVPK RPYUFYOE UFTPECHHA RP'YA. ySEEUFChP, MEZLPUFSH PFYUEFMYCHPUFSH DCHYTSEOYK Q, W UPRTPCHPTSDEOYY NEMPDYYUOPZP CHPOB UBCHEMSHECHULYI YRPT, refinery RPOSFSH J PGEOYFSH FPMSHLP CHPEOOSCHK ZMB, LPFPTSCHK CHSCHTBVBFSCHCHBMUS OBYEZP VTBFB X-LBDEFB RPUME 7-8 MEF RTEVSCHCHBOYS H LPTRHUE.
pYEMPNMEOOSHK Y PYUBTPCHBOOSCHK LFYNY VMEUFSENY RTYNETBNY CHCHUYEK CHPEOOPC NBTLY, WITH CHCHY CHUMED YB CHBINYUFTPN. uOPCHB RETEKDS UTEDOAA RMPEBDLH, NSC CHCHYMY CH LPTYDPT Y PUFBOPCHYMYUSH RETED RETCHPK DCHETSHA OBMECHP, PLBBCHYEKUS "CHBINYUFETULPK". 'DEUSH RPNEEBMUS ULBDTPOOSHK CHBINYUFT, - YMY ABOUT KHYUYMYEOPN SCHLE "ENOPK VPZ" RP RTBCHYMBN HUYMYEB, H OBYUBME ZPDB, AOLETCH, RTEDOBBYEOOSHI ЪBOSFSH ABOUT UFBTYEN LKhTUE DPMTSOPUFY RPTFHREK-AOLETPCH, RTPYЪCHPDSF - CHCHPDOSHHI CH NMBDYYE, B CHBINYUFTB CH UFBTYE RPTFHREK-AOLETB. UChPY OBUFPSEYE YUYOSCH POY RPMHYUBAF MYYSH OELPFTPE CHTENS URHUFS.
CHCHUMHYBCH TBRPTF P SCLE, CHBINYUFT PZMSDEM NEOS U OPZ DP ZPMPCHSH Y RTYLBBM NPENH RTCHPTsBFPNKH:
— fsh, retuydulyk, chpshneysh ezp l ueve chp chchpd!
rPUME LFPZP NSC PFRTBCHYMYUSH CH URBMSHOA. h OEVPMSHYPK BME have DCHHNS DEUSFLBNY LTPCHBFEK, PFDEMEOOSCHI PDOB PF DTHZPK CHSCHUPLYNY FHNVPYULBNY HBS LPFPTSCHNY CHYUEMY MELFTYYUEULYE MBNRPYULY have BVBTSHTBNY, NShch BUFBMY ZTHRRH LBDEF TBOSCHI LPTRHUPCH, CHULPYUYCHYYI RTY CHIPDE CHCHPDOPZP CHBINYUFTB.
- ChPF, NPMPDPK, - ULBBM PO NOE, UBDSUSH ABOUT LPKLH, - OBLPNShFEUSH U CHBYNY UKHZKhVSHCHNY FPCHBTYEBNY.
uHZHVSchE FPCHBTYEY PDYO B DTHZYN RPDBMY HOE THLH J OBCHBMY UCHPY ZHBNYMYY, RPUME YUEZP CHCHPDOSCHK RTYLBBM OPL "PFUFBCHYFSH Chueh GETENPOYY" J, HUBDYCH CHUEI CHPLTHZ UEVS, RTPUFP TH RP-FPCHBTYEEULY PVYASUOYM AF YUFP NShch DPMTSOSCH VSCHMY OBFSH ON RETCHSCHI RPTBI OBYEK YLPMSHOPK TSYOY.
- rPLB CHSH RPRTPUYFE LBLPZP-MYVP YЪ ZPURPD LPTOEFPCH UFBFSH CHBYNY DSDSHLBNY, LPFPTSCHE CHBU OBHYUBF HNHKH-TBBHNH, S UPPVEH CHBN UBNPE OEPVIPDYNPE, LBUBAEEUS TBURPTSDLB yLPMSHCHY, - PVYANSCHY, - PVYANSCHY.
pLBBMPUSh, YUFP NShch, AOLETB NMBDYEZP LHTUB, I NPNEOFB RPSCHMEOYS B HYUYMYEE OBSCHCHBENUS "UHZHVSCHNY CHETSNY" J RPUFHRBEN RP UFTPECHPK YUBUFY B RPMOPE TBURPTSTSEOYE UFBTYEZP LHTUB, RTEDUFBCHYFEMY LPFPTPZP LCA OCU SCHMSAFUS VMYTSBKYYN OBYUBMSHUFCHPN. rTYLBSCCH "LPTOEFPCH" - SOY TSE "VMBZPTPDOSHCHE PZHYGETSCH" - NSC DPMTSOSCH YURPMOSFSH OENEDMEOOP Y VEURTELPUMCHOP. at RETCHPK NYOHFSCH CHUFTEYUI UP UCHPYNY PDOPLKHTUOYLBNY YMY "UHZKHVSHCHNY FPCHBTYEBNY", NSC PVSBOSH RETEKFY U OYNY ABOUT "FSK" Y VSHCHFSH CH UBNSCHI MHYUYI PFOPIEOYSI. fTBDYGYS yLPMSch DBTSE TELPNEODPCHBMB, YUFPVSCH RTY CHUFTEYUE, RPUME TBMHLY "NPMPDSCHE" DPMTSOSCH VSCHMY RPGEMPCHBFSHUS DTHZ have DTHZPN J OBCHUEZDB PUFBCHBFSHUS have OYNY ON "fng" YUFP UPVMADBMPUSH TH RP CHSCHIPDE dv yLPMSch NETSDH UFBTSCHNY OYLPMBECHGBNY DBTSE TBOSCHI CHSCHRHULPCH.
lPZDB L OBN H RPNEEEOYE CHIPDYM MAVPK AOLET UVBTYEZP LHTUB, NShch, NPMPDSHCHE, PVSBOSH VSCHMY CHULBLLYCHBFSH Y UFBOCHYFSHUS "UNITOP" DP RPMHYUEOYS TBTEYOYS UEUFSH. FP VSCHMP PYUEOSH HFPNYFEMSHOP, OP RPDPVOBS FTBDYGYS YNEMB H UEVE FPF UNSCHUM, YUFP, RTYHYUBS CHYDEFSH OBYUBMSHUFCHP H LBTSDPN UFBTYEN RP UMHTSVE, YUFP BFEN RTPDPMTSBMPUSH Q PP CHTENS UMHTSVSCH RPMLBI H, zde UFBTYYK RP RTPYCHPDUFCHH LPTOEF DEMBM BNEYUBOYS UCHPENH NMBDYENH FPCHBTYEH, FP OE Churchbmps Oilblii FTeoyk, FBL LB Nwby Rtyhühühühühyuz, Aoleuli Mef L Dihurgumyyyy y "LPTOF" PUFBCHBMUS FBFPCHCHST DMS Sciences of "Dides" about Chuu Zyshosh, YuFP OE NEYBM JUSTSHCH PFMYUYUKYY PFUKYYY DTHZ DTHZPN. ffp DBCHBMP RTBCHYMSHOPE RPOSFIYE P DYUGYRMYOE, FBL LBL OECHOYNBOYE L UVBTYENKH CH CHPEOOPC YLPME MEZLP RTYKHYUBMP L OEDPUFBFPYuOPNKH CHOYNBOYA L UFBTYYN CHPPVEE. x OBU TSE H yLPME YUYOPRPYUYFBOYE, DYUGYRMYOB Y PFDBOYE YUEUFY CHCHPDYMYUSH CH OBUFPSEYK LHMSHF, TBCHOP LBL Y VMEUFSEEE UFTPECHPE CHPURYFBOYE YMY "PFUEFMY ECHPUFSH", LPFPTSHNY NSHCHY. yFP VSCHMB PVMBZPTTSEOOBS Y DPCHEDEOOOBS DP YUFYOOPZP UCHETIOUFCHB CHPEOOBS YLPMB, NBTLB LPFPTPK PUFBCHBMBUSH ABOUT MADSI CHUA YI TSYOSH ...
chChPDOSchK PVYASUOYM OPL, YUFP LBTSDSCHK dv OCU FERETSH CE DPMTSEO RTPUYFSH LPZP-MYVP dv LPTOEFPCH CHSFSH OCU A UEVE B "RMENSOOYLY" LCA PVHYUEOYS FTBDYGYSN, RTYYUEN RTYOSFP, YUFPVSCH NMBDYYE RTYZMBYBMY B "DSDY" AOLETB UFBTYEZP LHTUB, PLPOYUYCHYEZP PDYO J FPF CE LPTRHU U RMENSOOILPN Y RPFPNKh OBCHYEZP EZP TBOSHIE.
- vKhDEFE PFUEFMICHSHCHNY UHZHVGBNY, LBL WITH OBDEAUSH,. — BLPOYUYM UCHPE OBUFBCHMEOYE CHBINYUFT RETUYDULYK, — Y CHBN VKHDEF IPTPYP CH yLPME, OEF — MKHYUYE FERETSH CE, DP RTYUSZY, PFUYUMSKFEUSH PF HYUYMYEB; LBMELBN ЪDEUSH DEMBFSh OEUEZP...
rPLB NShch RPMHYUBMY LFY OBUFBCHMEOYS, CHTENS RPDPYMP L RPMHDOA. ABOUT UTEDOEK RMPEBDLE FTHVBYU BPTHVYM "UVPT", RPUME UEZP OENEDMEOOP RP CHUEN RPNEEEOYSN ULBDTPOB UPMPCHSHSNNY BREMY LPTOEFULYE ZPMPUB:
- nPMPDETSSH! .. PRBDSCCHBEF! IBDH!.. IBDH!.. RPUMEDOEKH RBYULH OTSDH!..
NYZ DYLPZP ZBMPRB UTEDY FBLYI TS UHZKHVSHHI FPCHBTYEEK, Y NSC, NMBDYK LHTU, HCE UFPSM H UFTPA, CHUFTEYUBS ZMBBNY NEDMEOOP CHSHCHIPDYCHYYI Y RPNEEEOYK ULBDTPOB Z.Z. LPTOEFPC. NEDMEOOPUFSH LFB, PDOBLP, VSCHMB YUYUFP RPLBOPK, FBL LBL, LPZDB YuETE OEULPMSHLP NYOHF YUCHPEK LPNOBFSCH CHSCHYEM DETSKHTOSHCHK PZHYGET, ULBDTPO CH RPMOPNOE UPUFBCHE UPUFBCHE UFPSM HOP.VEY
- DTBCHUFCHKFE, ZPURPDB! - RPDPTPCHBMUS TPFNYUFT.
- 'DTBCHYS CEMBA, chbye chshchuplpvmbzptpdye!' — PFCHEFIM DTHTSOP YULBDTPO, Y NSCH, CHUEETBYOYE LBDEFSHCH, RPYUKHCHUFCHPCHBMY UTBYKH, UFP RETEUFBMY VSHCHFSH DEFSNY, B UFBMY OBUFPSEYNY CHPEOOSHCHNY UPMDBFULPZP CHBOYS. — CHEDYFE, CHBINYUFT! — OEVTETSOP VTPUYM PZHYGET, DCHYOKHCHYUSH RP LPTYDPTH CHRETEDY ULBDTPOB YOE PZMSDSCHCHBSUSH ABOUT OEZP.
- ULBDTPO, RTBCHPE RMEYUP CHRETED ... NBTY! — ЪCHPOLP Y OEPVSCHLOPCHEOOP YuEFLP RTPREM CHBINYUFT. with PRSFSH RPYUKHCHUFCHPCHBM, UFP CH LFPK, RTYCHSHCHUOPK NOE U LBDEFULYI MEF, LPNBODE EUFSH OPCHPE Y RTYSFOPE. UMPCHP "NBTY" VSHMP RTPYJOEUEOP TBULFFYUFP Y OBNYTBS, LBL CH LBCHBMETYY, B O LPTPFLP Y TELLP, LBL CH REIPFE Y LBDEFULYI LPTRKHUBI. ULBDTPO, PFYUEFMYCHP RPCHBOYCHBS YRPTBNY, RTPYEM LPTYDPT J OEVPMSHYHA RTPIPDOHA LPNOBFH, HCHEYBOOHA ZHPFPZTBZHYSNY RTETSOYI CHSCHRHULPCH, RPUME YUEZP URHUFYMUS RP MEUFOYGE B RPMHRPDCHBMSHOSCHK FBTS, zde OBIPDYMBUSH AOLETULBS UFPMPCHBS. RPD MEUFOIGEK, ABOUT RMPEBDLE UFPSMMB FTEIDAKNPCHBS RHYLB, ABOUT LPFPTPK AOLETB RTBLFYUEULY PVCYUBMYUSH PVTBEEOYA U PTHDYEN.
uFPMPCHBS yLPMSCH, TBURPMPTSEOOBS CH DMYOOPC RPMHRPDCHBMSHOPK ЪBME VSHMB TBDEMEOB BTLBNY Y LPMPOOBNY ABOUT; DCHE TBCHOSCHE YUBUFY, J LPFPTSCHI CH PDOPC GO AOLETB ULBDTPOB, B CH DTHZPK - UPFOY. lBBYUShS UPFOS yLPMShch RPLBBMBUSHNOE OTPDPN UPMYDOSHCHN, IPFS, VMBZPDBTS LBEOOPNKH PVNHODYTPCHBOYA, YOE YNECHYN UFPMSh EEZPMECHBFPZP CHYDB, LBL OBY LPTOEFSHCH. FY RPUMEDOYE B UFPMPCHPK RPYUFY OYYUEZP OE EMY, B RTPDPMTSBMY, LBL J H RPNEEEOYY ULBDTPOB "TBVPFH" HBS OBNY, UFTPZP UMEDS B DRYER, YUFPVSCH "NPMPDSCHE" PE CHTENS EDSCH OE OBTHYBMY IPTPYEZP FPOB, J RPNYOHFOP DEMBMY OPL BNEYUBOYS RP CHUSLPNH RPCHPDH. detskhtoshchk pzhyget, private enterprise CHTENS bchftblb rtpzkhmychbchyykus netsdkh btlbny, ubn oye eat, b chem uevs chppvee lbl vshch rpufptpooyn yuempchchelpn, oe pvtbebs choynboys o “gkhl”, ynechyyk neufpch ufpmch. LBL S RPUME HOBM, LFP RTPYUIPDYMP MYYSH CH FE DOY, LPZDB RP yLPME DETSKHTYMY PZHYGETSCH ULBDTPOB; LBYUSHY CE PZHYGETSCH OILBLLPZP VEURPTSDLB CH EBME OE DPRHULBMY.
rTYCHSHCHLOKHCH OBVMADBFSH CH LPTRHUE LBDEFULYK BRREFIF, S VSCHM HDYCHMEO FEN, YUFP OBIY "LPTOEFSHCH" RPYUFY OYYUEZP OE EMY, BOSFSHCHE RTERPDBCHBOYEN OBN IPTPYEZP FPOB. rtyuyopk ffpnh, lbl noe rpfpn UFBMP YJCHEUFOP, PLBBMBUSH AOLETULBS MBCHPYULB, LPFPTPK ybchedpchbm UFBTYyk lkhtu y zde rtpdbchbmyush chuechpnptsoshche chlhuosche cheey. pOB-FP U YЪVSHCHFLPN Y ЪBNEOSMB UFBTYENH LKhTUH LBEOOPE DPCHPMSHUFCHYE. mBChPYuLB FB RPNEEBMBUSH B OYTSOEN FBTSE, TSDPN The "ZETVPCHSCHN BMPN" zde RP UFEOBN CHYUEMY EYFSCH, TBULTBYEOOSCHE LBTSDSCHK B UCHPK RPMLPCHPK GCHEF RP YUYUMH LBCHBMETYKULYI RPMLPCH, I HLBBOYEN YUFPTYY LBTSDPZP dv OHYE, YEE PFMYYUYK J PUPVEOOPUFEK, YUFP CHIPDYMP B UPUFBCH FBL OBSCHCHBENPK ON AOLETULPN SJSHCHLE "UMPCHEUOPUFY", PVSEBFEMSHOPK DMS YHHYUEOYS AOLETBNY NMBDYEZP LHTUB. "UMPChEUOPUFSh" YMY YOBYUE "DYUMPLBGYS" ON AOLETULPN SSCHLE, PVSSCHCHBMB LBTSDPZP "NPMPDPZP" W CHPNPTSOP LTBFLYK AFLT, B EZP UPVUFCHEOOSCHI YOFETEUBI, YHYUYFSH RPDTPVOP OE FPMSHLP CHUЈ, PFOPUSEEEUS A UENYDEUSFY DCHHN RPMLBN TEZHMSTOPK LBCHBMETYY, OP FBLTSE YNEOB CHUEZP OBYUBMSHUFCHB J H FPN YUYUME CHUEI AOLETCH UFBTYEZP LHTUB, U DPVBCHMEOYEN FPZP, CH LBLPK RPML LBTsDSHK YY OII OBNETEO CHSCHKFY. FP VSHCHMP DPCHPMSHOP UMPTsOP, OP CHOEDTSMPUSH CH OBY ZPMCHSHCH U FBLPK OEHLMPOOOPK OBUFPKYUYCHPUFSHHA, UFP S RPNOA CHUE FP DP UEZPDOSYOEZP DOS, FP EUFSH RPYuFY Yuete RPMCHELB.
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— nPMPDETSH!.. h FBLF NPYN YRPTBN DP RTILBEBOYS.
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- pF RBNSFOILB LPTOEFKh METNPOFPCHKh RP MYOYY CH GERSH ... VEZPN NBTY!
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LUFBFY ULBBFSH, RPMKHYUBM PF UCHPEK UNEOSHCH RPDBTPL VTEMPL - UPMPFHA TERKH Y FPF, LFP RETCHSHCHN RBDBM CH NBOETSE U LPOS.
LBL UBNP PVNHODYTPCHBOYE, UYFPE YЪ RTELTBUOPZP NBFETYBMB Y UYDECHIE OB OBU CHEUSHNB RTYMYUOP, CH PFMYYUYE PF "RTYZPOLY" CH LBDEFULYI LPTRKHUBI, FBL Y PVCChSH, IPFS Y LBSHCHEO. CHUMED YB PVNKHODYTPCHBOYEN OBN CHSHCHDBMY YBYLYY Y LBTVYOSCH LBCHBMETYKULPZP PVTBGBGB, RTYYUEN CH YBYLBI, U CHOKHFTEOOK YI UFPTPOSCH, YNEMYUSH Rbshch DMS YFSHCHLB, OB LBCHTOCHOE UFFPUKULPK yBYLY DPMTSOSCH VSHCHMY CHYUEFSH CH Y'ZPMPCSHHE LTTPCHBFEK CH URBMSHOE; YuFP TSE LBUBEFUS CHYOFCHPL Y RPDUHNLPCH L. OIN, FP POI UFPSMY CH PUPVSHHI UFPYLBI, OBIPDICHYIUS CH LPTYDPTE LBTsDPZP CHCHPDB.
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h RETCHHA CE UTEDH NPEZP RTEVSCHCHBOYS B yLPME NPK "DSDSHLB" LPTOEF vPTYU lPUFSchMECh, I LPFPTSCHN NShch VSCHMY OE FPMSHLP PDOPLBYOYLBNY LPTRHUH RP, OP TH leave DP UEDSHNPZP LMBUUB ON PDOPK ULBNEKLE, RPCHEM NEOS Q rTYVSchFLPChB, CHSCHYEDYEZP PDOPCHTENEOOP UP Buttons dv OBYEZP LPTRHUB B yLPMKH, CH VEMSHCHK SBM OYTSOEZP LFBTsB, LKhDB CH FFPF DEOSH YЪ ZPDB CH ZPD SCHMSMYUSH RPUFBCHEYLY, YUFPVSCH NSC NPZMY UEVE BLBLBFSH UPVUFCHEOOOSCHK AOLETULYK ZBTDETPV. h VEMPK ЪBME U LPMPOOBNY NSC ЪBUFBMY GEMSCHK TSD RTEDUFBCHYFEMEK UFPMYUOSCHI RPTFOSHCHI, UBRPTSOYLPC, ZHTBTSEUOILPC Y F. R. UREGIBMYUFPC. CHUE LFP VSCHMY OBNEOYFPUFY REFETVKhTZB — CHEMYLYE BTFYUFSHCH UCHPEZP TENEUMB, RTYYUEN RPYUFY LBTsDSHK YOYI UREGYBMYYTPCHBMUS ABOUT LBLPK-OYVKHDSH PDOK YUBUFY PVNHODYTPCHBOYS. FBL PLBBMPUSH, YUFP UBRPZY OHTSOP BLBSCHCHBFSH nEEBOYOPChB X, X YYOEMSH rBGB TH FD DEUSh CE, have PZTPNOSCHN PFLTSCHFSCHN SEYLPN CHUECHPNPTSOSCHI YRPT, UFPSM J RTEDUFBCHYFEMSH uBChEMShEChB, ON FPCHBT LPFPTPZP NShch "NPMPDSCHE" RPLB YUFP, VTPUBMY MYYSH CHPUIYEEOOSCHE CHPTSCH, OE YNES EEE RTBCHB ABOUT FFP MHYUYEE HLTBYOEOYE LBCHBMETYUFB.
YuETE OEDEMA UYAEIBMYUSH CHUE AOLETB PVPYI LKHTUPCH Y TSYOSH HUYMYEB CHPYMB CH OPTNBMSHOHA LPMEA. LCA OCU, NPMPDETSY, OBYUBMYUSH HUYMEOOSCHE UFTPECHSCHE J HYUEVOSCHE BOSFYS, RTYYUEN RETCHSCHN RPUCHSEBMPUSH OE NEOEE FTEI YUBUPCH UHFLY W, PF YUEZP RTY OBMYYUYY FPK "TBVPFSCH" LPFPTPK OCU RPDCHETZBMY Z. Z.LPTOEFSCH DPVBCHPYUOP, L CHEYUETH OSCHMY NHULHMSCH J MPNYMP LPUFY. FTKHDOPCHBFP VSHMP Y CH NBOETSE, ZDE OBY UNEOOSCHK PZHYGET - ZCHBTDYY TPFNYUFT YYRETZUPO, - VEMPVTSCHUSCHK YCHED U VEUGCHEFOSHCHNY IPMPDOSHCHNY ZMBBNY, - VHLCHBMSHOP OE OBMA OY TsBMPUFYTSOY UPSOY. uFP VSCHM MYIPK LBCHBMETYUF, UMPNBCHYK LUCHPE CHTENS ABOUT RBTZHPTUOPK PIPFE CH PZHYGETULPK LBCHBMETYKULPK YLPME PVE OPZY Y RPFPNKh CH REYEN UFTPA ITPNBCHYK UTBYKH ABOUT PVE UFPTPOSCH. HRPTO RTEUMEDHS GEMSH PFPVTBFSH YJ OBU URPUPVOSHCHI L UMHTSVE CH LBCHBMETY Y Y BUFBCHYFSH PFLBBFSHUS PF EFPZP OERTYZPDOSCHI YMY, LBL PO CHSHTBTSBMUS, LBMEL, TPFNYUFT RTEYSHNEYSCHNEYCHOSCH.
pn HUFBCHH PVHYUEOYS LBCHBMETYUFB NShch DPMTSOSCH VSCHMY UOBYUBMB YHYUYFSH RTBCHYMB RPUBDLY ON DETECHSOOPK, B OBFHTBMSHOHA CHEMYYUYOH, LPVSCHME, BFEN ON TSYCHPK MPYBDY, HRTBCHMEOYA EA URETCHB ON LPTDE, RPFPN ON HDEYULE, VE UFTENSO ON UEDME, UP UFTENEOBNY, ON NHODYFHLE, VE PTHTSYS, U PTHTSYEN Y, OBLPOEG, CH RPMOPN RPIPDOPN UOBTSEOY Y RTY RYLE. NSC DPMTSOSCH VSHCHMY FBLTS RTSHCHZBFSH YuETE RTERSFUFCHYS CHETIPN ABOUT LPOE, RPUEDMBOOPN PDOPC RPRPOLPK, BLFEN CH UEDME. dEMBMPUSh Chueh FP LCA FPZP, YUFPVSCH RTYHYUYFSH NPMPDPZP AOLETB DETTSBFSHUS ON MPYBDY OE RTY RPNPEY UFTENSO RPCHPDB J, B J PDOYNY YEOLEMSNY YMAPN, OP EUFSH UPVUFCHEOOSCHNY RTYTPDOSCHNY UTEDUFCHBNY, OE FBL, LBL FP DEMBAF ZPTPDULYE MAVYFEMY CHETIPCHPK EDSCH. ABOUT NMBDYEN LKHTUE AOLETH OE RPMBZBMPUSH YNEFSH DMS EJSHCH PRTEDEMEOOHA MPYBDSH. PO VSCHM PVSBO NEOSFSH LPOS LBTsDHA EDDH, YuFPVSH RTYHYUYFSHUS HRTBCHMSFSH MPYBDSHA CHPPVEE.
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— ULBFETFSHHA DPTPZB!
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Poems of this time
For the poetic activity of Lermontov, the university years turned out to be extremely fruitful. His talent matured quickly, the spiritual world was defined sharply.
He also knows about the philosophical arrogant "disputes" of the youth, but he himself does not take part in them. He probably did not even know the most ardent debater - later a famous critic, although one of the heroes of his student drama "Strange Man" bears the surname Belinsky, which indirectly indicates Lermontov's difficult attitude towards the ideals preached by enthusiastic youth, among whom he had to to study.
In the same summer of 1830, Lermontov's attention focused on Byron's personality and poetry; for the first time he compares himself with an English poet, realizes the similarity of his moral world with Byron's, devotes several poems to the Polish revolution. In 1830, Lermontov wrote the poem "Prophecy" ("The year will come, / a black year for Russia, / When the crown of the kings falls ...").
School of Guards Ensigns and Cavalry Junkers
He left for St. Petersburg with the intention of re-entering the university, but he was refused to count the two years spent at Moscow University, offering to enter the 1st course again. Lermontov was not satisfied with such a long student life, and under the influence of his St. Petersburg relatives, contrary to his own plans, he entered the School of Guards Ensigns and Cavalry Junkers. This career change also met the wishes of my grandmother. Lermontov remained at school for two "ill-fated years," as he himself puts it. No one thought about the mental development of students; they "were not allowed to read books of purely literary content."
Junker revelry and bullying have now provided him with the most convenient environment for the development of any kind of "imperfections". Lermontov did not lag behind his comrades in anything, was the first participant in all the adventures - but here, too, the chosen nature affected immediately after the most apparently unaccountable fun. Both in Moscow society and in Junker revels, Lermontov knew how to preserve his "better part", his creative forces; in his letters one sometimes hears bitter regret about past dreams, cruel self-flagellation for the need for "sensual pleasure". Everyone who believed in the poet's talent became afraid for his future. Vereshchagin, an unfailing friend of Lermontov, in the name of his talent, conjured him to "keep firmly on his path." Lermontov described the fun of the junkers, including erotic ones, in his poems. These youthful poems, which also contained obscene words, earned Lermontov his first poetic fame.
In 1832, in the arena of the School of Guards ensigns, a horse hit Lermontov in the right leg, breaking it to the bone. Lermontov was in the infirmary, he was treated by the famous doctor N.F. Arendt. Later, the poet was discharged from the infirmary, but the doctor visited him at E.A. Arsenyeva.
With the blessing of His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia
with the support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Russian Union of Rectors, the Russian Council of School Olympiads, the Synodal Department of Religious Education and Catechization of the Russian Orthodox Church,
Presidential Grants Fund
Orthodox St. Tikhon University for the Humanities
Olympiad “Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture. "Holy Russia, keep the Orthodox faith!"
school tour,VClass, 2017-2018 academic year
The work was done by ________________________________________________ Class __________
Time to complete the work 45 minutes
EXERCISE 1.Choose the correct answer:
What is the name of the action in which the grace of the Holy Spirit is given to a person in a special secret way?
rites
Sacrament
What is the name of the cross depicted on the flag of the Russian Navy?
Aleksandrovskiy
Andreevsky
Vladimirsky
Georgievsky
Which of the following holidays is not the twelfth?
Nativity
Annunciation
Epiphany
What was the name of the Old Testament righteous man with whom the story of the Flood is connected?
What day of the week does Easter always fall on?
Monday
Sunday
How many twelfth holidays are there in the Orthodox calendar?
Eleven
Fourteen
Twelve
From Greek, this word is translated as "books":
Gospel
In Crimea, a beautiful cathedral was built in memory of the deceased Russian Emperor Alexander II. The temple was double-altar: the lower altar was consecrated in the name of the holy martyr. Artemy, on the day of whose memory, October 20, Emperor Alexander III died, and the upper one is in honor of the patron saint of both emperors. What temple are you talking about?
Vladimir Cathedral (Tauric Chersonese)
Peter and Paul Cathedral (Simferopol)
Cathedral of St. Alexander Nevsky (Yalta)
Church of the Resurrection of Christ (Foros)
What is the name of the day before Christmas?
day of prayer
Christmas Eve
What feature distinguishes Orthodox churches from all other architectural structures?
There is always a cross at the top
At the entrance to the temple above the door is always the Star of Bethlehem
The structure of the temple is always cubic in shape.
The temple is always surrounded by a fence
TASK 2.
2.1. Read a fragment of text from Sofya Kulomzina's book "A Sacred History in Stories for Children". Answer the questions.
“A large crowd of people gathered around John. He told them that it was not enough to see in oneself the people of God, whom God especially loves. We must live the way God commands.
What do we do? people asked. And John taught them that one must leave all bad deeds, repent of the evil done, one must be kind and sympathetic, share everything that God sent with others, not offend anyone, not demand anything superfluous for oneself ... To confirm that they really want to cleanse themselves of everything bad, people were baptized: they entered the water of the Jordan River, washed themselves with it, and John prayed to God at the same time.
When John was asked: - Are you the Savior we are waiting for? - he answered:
No, I am not Christ. I baptize you with water, but there is Someone standing among you Whom you do not know. The one who follows me is stronger than me.
The next day, after John was asked “who is he?”, he suddenly saw Jesus Christ among the people crowding on the banks of the Jordan.
He immediately recognized Him, and when Jesus Christ wanted to be baptized, John began to refuse. He said:
I baptize people so that they will regret all the bad things they have done. It is I who must be baptized by You, not You by me. I dare not even untie the strap on your shoes.
But Jesus said:
We are called to do everything according to the righteousness of God.
And John obeyed and baptized Jesus Christ. When Jesus Christ was coming out of the water, John saw that the Holy Spirit, like a dove, descended on Him from the open sky. And he heard the voice of God:
You are my Son, whom I love, in whom I am well pleased...
On that day, the revelation of the Holy Trinity truly took place: God the Father spoke from heaven about His Son, Who was baptized in the Jordan, and the Holy Spirit appeared in the form of a dove. That is why the day when we celebrate the Baptism of the Lord (January 19, according to the new style) is called Theophany. On this day, water is blessed in all the temples of God. And we bring home the holy “Epiphany” water, keep it at home, drink it with a prayer to God, and it helps with all ailments.”
| Questions | Answers |
| Why is the feast of the Baptism of the Lord called Theophany? | |
| What date does the holiday fall on (according to the new style)? | |
| What was the name of the prophet who baptized the Savior? | |
| What is the meaning of the word "favor"? | |
| What did the prophet say to the Savior when He came to him to be baptized? | |
| Was the event described before or after Jesus Christ began to teach people? Justify your opinion. | |
| What tradition exists on the feast of Epiphany? | |
| * What is the twelfth holiday in the calendar that precedes Epiphany? |
2.2. Which of the following icons is the icon of the holiday being described?
Answer: __________
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TASK 3.
Read the poems of two Russian poets. Answer the questions.
| Father of people, Heavenly Father! Yes, your eternal name Holy in our hearts! Let your kingdom come May your Will be with us As in heaven, so on earth! Our daily bread has been sent down to us Your generous hand How do we forgive people? So us, insignificant before You, Forgive, Father, Your children; Don't lead us into temptation And from crafty seduction Spare us... A.S. Pushkin | Aiming the disease, healing the flour, He was the Savior everywhere And extended a good hand to all, And he didn't judge anyone. That, apparently, the husband chosen by God! He is there, across the Jordan, Walked like a sent from heaven He performed many miracles there, Now He has come, benevolent, This side of the river A crowd of diligent and obedient His disciples follow him... Alexey Tolstoy |
What Orthodox prayer formed the basis of A.S. Pushkin?
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Who left this prayer to people?
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Whom does Alexey Tolstoy write about in his poem?
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What is the logical connection between the two poems?
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TASK 4.(Historical portrait)
Here are facts from the life of two famous historical figures. According to the given facts, determine who is talking about. For each fact, indicate which person it refers to.
| It was he who blessed Dmitry Donskoy before the Battle of Kulikovo. |
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| Died in a duel. |
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| He owns the famous poem "Borodino". |
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| Not far from the village of Radonezh, he founded a monastery, which eventually became a lavra. |
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| In his youth, he entered the cavalry school, after which he began to serve in the Hussars. |
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| Before becoming a monk, his name was Bartholomew. |
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| He owns the poetic lines “The lonely sail turns white ...” |
| Exercise 1 | Task 2 | Task 3 | Task 4 | Sum of points |
