The process of thinking is an integral part of our life. In situations where you need to quickly learn the material or think through the project in detail, you want everything to happen quickly and efficiently. There are several ways that improve human cognitive abilities.

drink coffee

A large amount of coffee harms the body, but researchers have found that caffeine does more than just keep you awake. It is able to help focus on complex tasks, increases the efficiency of mental activity, improves reaction. Coffee does not make a person smarter, this drink only temporarily improves brain function.

drink wine

Norwegian scientists have found that people who regularly drink wine perform better on cognitive tasks than those who give up alcohol. This relationship is especially pronounced among women. Of course, wine can only help if the amount is strictly limited. It is assumed that the characteristics of this drink are based on the antioxidant properties of wine.

sunbathe

The study found that people who had high levels of vitamin D in their bodies performed better on control tests than those who were deficient in this element. Vitamin D is formed under the action of sunlight.

sunlight

dance

Dancing and outdoor activities reduce the risk of dementia. In addition, these types of activities improve a person’s cognitive abilities and teach them to make quick decisions.

Watch your nutrition

It’s not enough to just eat a product that has received “best” status. In the long term, you need to provide the brain with the necessary vitamins, various elements. The most important thing is to monitor sugar, the presence of amino acids, antioxidants and omega-3s.

food pyramid

Play Tetris

Using MRI, it was found that playing Tetris increases the activity of gray matter in the cerebral cortex. Moreover, such an activity helps the mind quickly forget about recent tragedies and problems.

go in for sports

Studies have shown that athletes perform much better on cognitive tasks than non-athletes. Regular walks on the street are enough to increase brain performance by 10%.

Gym

Allow yourself to rest

In certain situations, it is really necessary to fully concentrate on the task and not stop to rest. Researchers have found that people who allow themselves to take breaks while working have a much better memory than those who work without rest. It’s enough just to break away from work and think about something else.

Temporarily stop eating

While a proper and balanced diet is essential in the long run, short-term food avoidance can help improve brain performance quickly. Researchers believe it's evolved - we work better when the brain thinks it's undernourished.

Talk to yourself

Scientists came to the conclusion that when searching for a thing, you need to say its name aloud, as this allows you to find the desired item much faster.

The human brain is an amazing organ. It is the most accessible and at the same time the most complex “device” in the Universe.

We offer you a few tricks that will help "pump" the brain.

Workout

• Aerobic exercise. These are exercises where oxygen is the main source of energy. Aerobic training strengthens muscles, normalizes blood circulation, relieves stress. And a recent study from the University of Illinois also showed that "oxygen" exercise also has a beneficial effect on the brain. Just 30 minutes of training per day, and the work of cognitive functions improves by 5-10%.

• Strength exercises. Are the studs dumb? No matter how! Lifting weights not only builds muscle, but can also increase levels of so-called brain-derived neurotrophic factor, a protein responsible for protecting brain neurons.

• Music. Another study found that the brain starts to work better if you listen to your favorite music during exercise. So onward to genius.

• Dancing. This is a great way to keep fit, improve flexibility and coordination. Moreover, according to Daniel J. Amen, MD, neurophysiologist and neuropsychiatrist, author of the book A Great Brain at Any Age, dancing is also a great mind trainer. After all, dancing, we use different parts of the brain.

• Golf. It is not for nothing that it is called an intellectual game: it is not as easy to calculate the force of impact and the trajectory of the ball as it seems at first glance. In addition, doctors believe that golf stimulates the work of the sensory part of the cerebral cortex.

• Yoga. The ancient Indian spiritual and physical practice, it turns out, not only has a beneficial effect on health, but also improves memory, self-control abilities and long-term concentration. At least, such conclusions were made by scientists from the University of Illinois, led by Neha Gothe.

Food

• Water. The body is 80% water. It is necessary for every organ, but the brain in particular. In the course of another scientific experiment, it was found that people who are thirsty cope worse with logical tasks than those who drank half a liter of water before testing.

• Omega 3. Unsaturated fatty acids are super healthy. Including for the brain and nervous system. They provide a rapid influx of energy necessary for the transmission of impulses from cell to cell, which, in turn, increases mental abilities and helps to quickly retrieve the necessary information from the "reservoirs" of memory. Lots of Omega-3s in fish, walnuts and flaxseed oil.

• Greens. Spinach and other greens contain folic acid, vitamins E and K. These substances prevent the development of dementia (dementia). In addition, the antioxidants found in greens protect the brain from stroke, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.

• Apples. They contain quercetin, a substance that has antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and other beneficial effects. But for us, the main thing is that quercetin protects brain cells from damage, and therefore prevents the violation of its cognitive properties. Most of it is in apple peel.

• Nuts. They are rich in protein, and protein supplies the brain with energy. In addition, nuts are rich in lecithin, the lack of which in the body can cause multiple sclerosis and other nervous diseases.

• Vitamins. B9 (citrus fruits, bread, beans, honey) and B12 (liver, eggs, fish) - without these substances, the normal functioning of the body is impossible. The former is necessary for the creation and maintenance of new cells in a healthy state, and the latter reduces the symptoms of dementia and mental confusion.

• Eggs. Which came first: the chicken or the egg? Perhaps you will find the answer to this philosophical question if you eat both. After all, chicken yolk is a source of choline, and it helps to develop the cognitive functions of the brain, that is, the ability to understand, learn, study, realize, perceive and process.

• Milk. Drink, children, milk, you will be healthy! After all, milk is calcium, which strengthens bones. In addition, scientists have found that a glass of milk a day improves memory and other mental abilities.

• Coffee. It's not a joke. Scientific studies have found that caffeine can improve attention and short-term memory. And of course, it will add vivacity.

• Chocolate. You go to the exam - eat a chocolate bar. Everyone does it, but few people know why. Or rather, few people know how chocolate makes us smarter. It's all about glucose and flavonols. Sugar speeds up the reaction and improves memory, while flavonols stimulate other cognitive skills.

Schedule

• Deep sleep. We have already talked about how important sleep is for normal life. Let us repeat only - in order for the convolutions to move, you need to sleep at least seven hours a day.

• Drowsiness. Dozing is helpful. This is an indisputable fact. The question is how much? The ideal duration of an afternoon nap is 10-20 minutes. A person does not have time to fall asleep soundly and it is easier for him to wake up. But on the other hand, according to scientists, the best effect on the brain is a 90-minute nap (memory improves, creative ideas appear). More details about .

• Habitual style. Break it! Yes, yes, for one day destroy the established order for years - drink coffee in another cafe and not at 9, but at 11 o'clock, go to work by a new route, redraw things in your diary. Such "shake-ups" are very useful - they help the brain to be in good shape.

• Sense organs. Another interesting training for the brain is the sharpening of individual senses. For example, hearing. To do this, blindfold and try to walk around the room, focusing only on the surrounding sounds.

• Workplace. Will the devil break his leg on the table? Then in the head too. A cluttered workplace is not only ugly, but also significantly affects productivity. Negatively affects. Tidy up your workplace, and you will be surprised how much faster your brain starts to work.

• Sketches. If you find it difficult to focus on a task (and you really need it), try taking a pen and paper and draw it. Diagrams, tables and other sketches will help you concentrate and, perhaps, open up a new vision of the problem.

• Notes. It is useful not only to draw by hand, but also to write. Gadgets have almost ousted paper from our lives, which is why we are unlikely to become smarter. After all, the creation of a handwritten text develops higher brain functions, such as memory, attention, psychomotor coordination and others. It is no coincidence that a foreign word written by hand is remembered better than one entered on the keyboard.

• Flight of thoughts. Everyone is familiar with the round dance of thoughts. This is when you need to think about a project, there are a thousand and one ideas in your head, but not a single one is necessary. At such moments, we try to “curb” randomly jumping thoughts and, finally, get down to business. And in vain. Research by scientists shows that by letting our thoughts fly free, we stimulate the creative activity of the brain. So relax and let yourself just dream.

Education

• Novelty. A new, more complex activity stimulates the release of dopamine, which contributes to the growth of neurons. Go up the intellectual stairs. Each time complicate your task - solve more difficult puzzles, read smart books.

• Orientation. Poorly know your city or even area? Excellent! From the point of view of mental training. Mastering new routes develops memory, attention and other cognitive functions.

• Music making. Musicians have a well-developed parietal lobe of the brain, which is responsible for hearing, motor and visual-spatial skills. If you want to "pump" these qualities, try to learn how to play some musical instrument.

• Foreign languages. Mastering a second or third language improves memory, broadens one's horizons, and also protects the body from Alzheimer's disease.

• Oral speech. If you say something out loud, then it is better remembered. Proven scientific fact.

• Positive thinking. Positive psychologists are relentless and unanimous: think positively and become smarter.

Relaxation

• Meditation. We have already written about. We only recall that regular meditation practice helps to get rid of a sudden feeling of anxiety, respond more adequately to physical ailments, and also better understand other people.

• Computer games. On TV they shout that children are getting dumber from computer games, that teenagers who spend a lot of time on the Xbox are degrading. But a professor from the University of Rochester claims that gaming improves multitasking and spatial thinking. In addition, logic computer games cannot be called “stupefying”.

Relations

• Conversations. "Hi, how are you?" - hate this phrase? It's a pity time for "empty" chatter? Do you prefer to keep the dialogue strictly on the case? On the one hand, it is commendable, but on the other hand, even trifling conversations, “about nothing”, develop cognitive functions - speech, attention and control.

• Sex. This pleasurable activity in all respects increases the level of serotonin in the blood (the "hormone of happiness", which, among other things, increases creativity) and the level of oxytocin (the "hormone of confidence" - helps a person think in new directions and make bold decisions).

• Laugh. He, like sex, is the best medicine for many diseases. If you have been engaged in intense intellectual activity for a long time, then you should not take up a volume of Schopenhauer when you come home from work. Give your brain a rest, turn on a good comedy and laugh heartily.

• Ancestors. In a prestigious journal dedicated to social psychology, was published. According to him, people who thought about their ancestors before taking tests of memory, thinking and attention received better results than those who did not think about their grandparents. It is difficult to say how objective the arguments of scientists are, but knowing your genealogy is definitely useful.

How do you train your brain?

Have you thought about what the intellect is and how the level of development of the human mind is determined? Agree that a large amount of knowledge does not give the right to talk about high intelligence.

It is rather erudition and possession of a large amount of information. How can one not recall the well-known phrase of Bayard Taylor: "A well-read blockhead is the most annoying kind of fool."

Therefore, arguing that this or that person is really smart, by this it is correct to mean his developed cognitive abilities.

What is cognitive ability

Cognitive abilities are called mental processes in the human body, which are aimed at receiving and processing information, as well as solving problems and generating new ideas. Modern science attaches great importance to the strengthening of these processes.

cognitive psychology(Latin cognitio “knowledge”) is a section that studies cognitive, that is, cognitive processes of the human psyche.

It should be noted that scientists still do not have an unambiguous opinion about what cognitive abilities are.

After all, for example, the ability to manage your emotions does not apply to cognitive abilities. This skill can be called emotional intelligence, and it must be developed separately.

Cognitive abilities include:

• Memory
• Attention
• The senses
• Imagination
• Logical thinking
• Decision making ability

Is it possible to call a person smart if he has well-developed all cognitive abilities? Undoubtedly. After all, such a person is able to make the right decisions.

When thinking, he manages to simultaneously use a creative approach to things. It easily remembers large amounts of information and compares the available data according to the degree of significance.

He can easily concentrate on things, as well as masterfully perceive and read information from the external environment or simply by looking at human behavior.

It is for this reason that cognitive abilities are very important for humans. They represent the base, thanks to which the whole is possible.

All of these cognitive abilities can be developed by almost anyone. At this point in time, there are many techniques and exercises to help improve any of these skills.

Mastering at least one of them has a positive effect on others. For example, concentration is closely related to improved memory.

Improving memory, in turn, has a positive effect on development, as it allows you to form many associations regarding any incoming information.

If a person fully develops cognitive abilities, he can easily enter the so-called flow.

The flow state (eng. flow, lat. influunt) is a mental state in which a person is fully involved in what he is doing, which is characterized by active concentration, full involvement in the process of activity. I must say that this state is well known to most scientists, researchers and inventors.

There are people who manage to be in a state of flow for 24 hours a day. So, for example, British billionaire Richard Branson has an incredibly high level of perception.

Of course, knowledge and erudition are also of great importance when we determine the degree of "smartness" of a person. After all, they make people interesting conversationalists and often extraordinary thinkers.

Therefore, it is important to understand that in addition to the development of cognitive abilities and skills, an intelligent person needs to constantly acquire new knowledge. Thanks to this, you will be able to use your knowledge in a variety of areas, achieving something new and original.

Books for the development of cognitive abilities

If you want to develop your cognitive abilities, then it will be useful for you to familiarize yourself with the following literature.

• Frans Johansson "The Medici Effect"
• Dmitry Gusev "A short course in logic: the art of correct thinking"
• Harry Lorraine "Development of memory and the ability to concentrate"
• Peter Bregman "18 minutes"
• Eberhard Heule "The Art of Concentration: How to Improve Your Memory in 10 Days"
• Dmitry Chernyshev "How people think"
• Michael Mikalko "Rice Storm and 21 More Ways to Think Outside the Box"

We hope that now you not only understand what cognitive abilities are, but also realize the importance of their development. By the way, do you have any habits or methods by which you train your brain? Write about it in the comments.

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Human cognitive abilities are given by nature, it is important to develop them from infancy and throughout life. In old age, cognitive processes begin to fade, therefore, in order to remain in a clear mind and memory, you need to “train” the brain.

What does cognitive mean?

For an ordinary person, the concept is familiar - mental or intellectual development, and not everyone will answer what cognitive means. Cognitive is a cognitive process in which the consciousness processes incoming information, its mental transformation into knowledge, storage and use of accumulated experience in everyday life.

Cognitive Research

What is the cognitive abilities of people, the topic is of interest to psychologists, sociologists, linguists, philosophers. Cognitive research in various fields of science helps to understand and study the following processes:

• human knowledge of the world;
• the influence of language and culture on a personal picture of the world (subjective);
• what is the conscious and the unconscious and how is it related to brain activity;
• which cognitive abilities are innate and which are acquired in different age periods;
• what does the cognitive abilities of artificial intelligence mean (is it possible to create an artificial intelligence in the future that is not inferior to the human one).

Cognitive Psychotherapy

Cognitive therapy is aimed at eliminating errors in thinking and changing illogical thoughts and beliefs into new, constructive ones. During a psychotherapy session, the cognitive psychologist pays full attention to what the client says, how he expresses his thoughts. The method of cognitive therapy was discovered by A. Beck, who successfully applied it to many patients suffering from depression and affective disorders.

cognitive thinking

The cognitive abilities of the brain are mental functions of a higher order: attention, gnosis, perception, speech, praxis, intellect. Thinking is one of the most important cognitive processes, divided into three types:

• visual-effective (predominant in children under 3 years old) - solving specific problems, cognition and analysis of objects through manipulations with hands.
• visual-figurative - is formed from 4 to 7 years. Solving problems by using mental images.
• abstract - operating with abstract concepts that are difficult to imagine.

Development of cognitive abilities

How to develop cognitive abilities at any age? Normal human development involves interest, curiosity and the desire for development - this is inherent in nature, so it is important to maintain this and be in a state of constant interest in the world and what is happening around. From the very moment of birth, the cognitive (cognitive) abilities of the child need to be developed - this should become one of the important tasks of parents.

Development of cognitive abilities in adults

Improvement in cognitive abilities is possible at different ages, and it must be approached in the right way, using a creative approach so that it does not seem like a chore. Discovering the exploratory spirit in oneself, a person improves his worldview, mood and helps the development of higher mental functions, which include cognitive abilities. Simple recommendations of psychologists for productive brain activity:

• brush your teeth with your left hand (left-handers - right);
• choosing a new route when going to work;
• choose your option of physical activity;
• start learning a foreign language;
• solving crossword puzzles, riddles, charades;
• a few minutes a day to do simple things with your eyes closed;
• develop intuition;
• give up junk food in favor of a healthy diet.

Development of cognitive abilities in children

Cognitive skills are important to develop from infancy. The modern choice of educational toys for children is huge, but do not neglect the tools at hand that are in every home. Cognitive abilities in young children can be developed in the following ways:

• games with cereals and buttons (under the strict supervision of adults) - pouring from container to container);
• a variety of finger games with nursery rhymes and jokes (“magpie-crow”, “finger-finger where have you been”);
• games with water (bottling).

Gradually, games and activities become more complex and are aimed at developing motor skills and speech:

• drawing and coloring;
• drawing up puzzles, mosaics;
• cutting the image along the contour;
• construction;
• memorization of verses;
• reading and retelling;
• finding differences in two identical images;
• writing stories.

Exercises for the development of cognitive abilities

Cognitive training is the key to productive longevity and a clear mind, even in old age. The brain needs the same exercise as the body, it is important to spend 15-20 minutes a day on simple, but very useful exercises for brain activity:

1. Synchronized drawing. You will need a sheet of paper and 2 pencils. Draw geometric shapes with both hands at the same time. You can start with the same shapes for each hand, then complicate the exercise, for example, draw a square with your left hand, and a triangle with your right. Exercise balances the work of both hemispheres of the brain, develops cognitive abilities, motor skills.
2. Words backwards. Several times during the day, try to pronounce the words you heard from other people to yourself in reverse.
3. calculation. Everything that is to be counted is important to do through mental mental calculations. Put the calculator away.
4. Autobiography. There are 2 options for the exercise. In the first, a person begins to remember and write from the present moment, and deepens year after year towards his early childhood. In the second version, childhood is first described.

Loss of cognitive abilities

Cognitive functions and abilities deteriorate with age, this is due to age-related changes, but more often this happens due to comorbidities and an unhealthy lifestyle. At the first symptoms, it is important to consult a doctor for maintenance therapy. Causes of cognitive impairment:

• violation of homeostasis and metabolism;
• obesity;
• type I and II diabetes;
• hypothyroidism;
• arterial hypertension (hypertension);
• violation of cerebral circulation;
• myocardial infarction;
• traumatic brain injury;
• alcohol and drug use;
• Alzheimer's disease;
• Parkinson's disease.

Classification of cognitive impairment:

1. Mild cognitive impairment- indicators of tests and psychometry may be normal or slight deviations are observed. A person begins to complain of problems with memory, rapid fatigue, attention also suffers at the same time - concentration decreases.
2. Moderate cognitive impairment- about 15% of this form of disorders are transformed in the future into Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia. Symptoms are increasing: deterioration of thinking, memory and speech.
3. severe cognitive impairment. They appear after 60 - 65 years of age. A pronounced clinical picture, symptoms characteristic of dementia (dementia). A person ceases to navigate in space, falls into a "childish" age. People with severe cognitive impairment need constant care and drug therapy.

Bragin Boris Nikolaevich

teacher of the highest category,

State budget professional educational institution "Provincial College" in Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod

Annotation. Development of cognitive science. D. Kelly method.To cognitive psychology as an attempt to overcome the crisis of behaviorism in the approach to studying the principles of the brain.

Abstract.Development cognitive science Method. D. Kelly.To ognitivnaja psychology, as an attempt to overcome the crisis of Behaviorism in the approach of studying the principles of operation of the brain.

Keywords:Cognitive psychology. The brain is a complex system

human.Neuron. FROM inapses. Psycholinguistic programming.

Concepts of Bruner, Piaget and Wallon.

keywords:cognitive psychology. The brain is the most complicated human system. Neuron. Psycholinguistic programming. The concept of Brunera, Piaget and Vallon.

Figure 1. Neurons of the brain under an electron microscope

DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN COGNITIVE ABILITIES

On the one hand, in order to think rationally, one must understand the general principles that in theory can give us the best answer. Scientific method, mathematics, theory of knowledge.

On the other hand, since we are dealing with people, with emotions and cognitive distortions, it is important to know how to deal with your imperfect brain. These are modern cognitive psychology, behavioral economics, common sense and practical techniques.

The brain is the most complex thing in the universe that we know, except perhaps the universe itself and humanity has little chance of knowing it.

But speaking, purely technically, those creatures that have a brain, they have it as the main commander and organizer of everything in general. The finger itself does not move, the ear itself does not hear. That is, it listens, but does not hear. If the brain does not give a command, a signal, an algorithm, how to be with this world. Those. it is such a device that any living being makes viable, including adapted to a specific situation. All attempts by researchers to answer the question of how the human brain works over the past 150 years have not shown a significant breakthrough ... and all subsequent attempts to clarify remain illusory.

The scientific community has advanced in understanding the composition of the brain, including very small parts of it - neurons, parts of neurons. Genes have been discovered and their interaction in the brain, how they control working memory, alone with sound production or sound perception. And so on. This is the most complex human system from the entire array of knowledge about the human body as a whole. And the current approach to the study of the problem of human intelligence is largely understood from a purely technical point of view. We know that the main player in the nervous system is the neuron. This is the same cell as all other cells of the body, only a special one, namely, a nervous one. Its peculiarity is that it is organized like all other cells, i.e. it has a nucleus, the body of this cell, but it only works in the nervous system. This is the main cell, and according to experts, there are a prohibitive number of them. Reference books call this number about 100.0 billion neurons, and the possible connections between each of them exceed the capabilities of modern computing technology at times because each of these cells can have up to 50 thousand connections. If you recalculate, then you get the number of connections in the brain - this is a quadrillion. Therefore, speaking about the work of the human brain itself and equating it with a computer or similar technologies is very 39.5% a rough comparison... The human brain is not at all the computer we are used to dealing with. The commonplace assertion that a person allegedly uses up to 3% of the total brain volume does not stand up to scrutiny.

Representatives of the scientific industry, which is engaged in the creation of artificial intelligence, have the courage to declare for some time, namely since 1956, about its creation by 2050 ... The cognitive abilities of a person, in information units, are not very large and, according to the experimental data of V. M. Livshits, are 120

bit/person hour The cognitive process is subject to the principle that Livshits calls the "epistemological principle of A. N. Kolmogorov",

and has a wave form in non-linear environments. Many provisions of cognitive psychology underlie modern psycholinguistics. Cognitive psychology is largely based

on drawing an analogy between the transformation of information in a computing device and cognitive processes in humans. Thus, numerous structural components (blocks) of cognitive and executive processes, primarily memory (R. Atkinson), were singled out. The absence of a scientific basis for describing the operation of individual brain systems, such as the subjective approach of an individual to a specific task, the mechanism of heredity, etc. makes this problem unattainable in several future generations...

Figure 1. Typical structure of a neuron

Piaget's concept (1966) suggests that the development of cognitive processes is the result of a person's constant attempts to adapt to environmental changes. external influences force our body either to modify the activity structures (if they no longer meet the requirements of adaptation), or, if necessary, to develop new structures. This means that the adaptation is carried out using two mechanisms. Namely:

1. assimilation (in which a person tries to adapt a new situation to existing structures and skills).

2. accommodation (in which the old schemes, methods of response are modified in order to adapt them to the new situation).

Stage of formal operations (abstract thinking develops, also conceptual thinking. According to Piaget, it was shown that only about 25-50% of people can really think abstractly).

Piaget also, thanks to his research, singles out his sub-stages in each stage, or, in other words, phases. The sensorimotor stage is characterized by the functioning of visual-effective thinking and the formation of visual-figurative thinking.

Neurologists from the Karolinska Institute (USA) found that memory training leads to a change in the number of receptors in synapse structures involved in the mechanisms of memory, emotion and learning.

The well-known Russian psychologist of the early 20th century, one of the luminaries of Russian psychology, Lev Semenovich Vygotsky connected psychology with pedagogy. The most productive is the development of skills and abilities to work with information. To carry out the initial processing of information coming from the outside world, a person must be able to effectively direct his attention to essential information, perceive and find it. To save this information, it is necessary to develop memory ...

Brain training regularly loads the brain with new and varied tasks. He does not have time to get used to them and creates new synapses ...

Warren Buffett

An American entrepreneur, the world's largest and one of the most famous investors, whose fortune as of March 1, 2015 was estimated at 72.7 billion US dollars. Warren Buffett is one of the richest people in the world...

Over 80 years old, but still successfully playing the stock exchange and bridge ...

Conclusion

It is in the power of each person to choose a lifestyle that will lead to improved health, rejuvenation of the body not for years, but for decades compared to its true biological age and will allow realizing all its unimaginable potential.

/Majit Futih, famous neurologist/

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