Nogin Square is one of the links of the first ring encircling the Kremlin and Kitay-gorod. It connects Razin Street (former Varvarka) with Solyanka Street. The square is 123.75 m long and 118.5 m wide.

The square received its name in 1924 in memory of the old Bolshevik V.P. Nogin. The former name - Varvarskaya Square - was given to it in the 1820s by the Varvarsky Gates of Kitay-gorod that overlooked it and along Varvarka Street, which ran along the southern side of the modern square.

This area has been known since the 14th century. At that time, there was a passing road from the Kremlin to the Yauzsky bridge and from there to the Vladimir and Kolomenskaya roads - along the routes of modern Ulyanovsk and International streets.

In 1380, the troops of Dmitry Donskoy passed along the Kolomenskaya road to the Kulikovo field and back to Moscow. According to legend, Dmitry Donskoy erected on the square a monument to the Russian soldiers who fell on Kulikovo Field - a church, the wooden building of which was replaced by a stone one in 1488, and the last one in 1687 by a new stone one, which still stands on the south side of the square.

The area around was then wooded and swampy, in the old way - "kulishki", which is why the church was called "All Saints in Kulishki".

In the XV-XVI centuries. there was already a large trade road. After the construction of the walls of Kitay-gorod, the road became part of the bridgehead. A wooden bridge was thrown over the moat to the Barbarian tower-gate.

On the Peter plan of Moscow 1597-1600. on the square (bridgehead) in front of the gate and the bridge, a large courtyard and several small buildings are visible. From the explanation to the plan, we learn that these are "brew prisons" for drunkards picked up on the streets. On Godunov's plan of 1605 and Sigismund's of 1610, Horse Square is shown here.

On the plan of Meyerberg 1661-1662. the entire area is shown already occupied by courtyards.

The "Census of Moscow Courtyards" of 1620 indicates the courtyards "at the Varvarsky Gates, near the city of China." There were 28 courtyards in all, including one “bogadelensky” - the Church of All Saints, eight courtyards of the clergy, seven - clerks, two - icons, two - blacksmiths and eight courtyards of other persons.

In 1641, "in the White Tsarev in the stone city, behind the Barbarian Gates, on a hill, from the bridge," there were 35 forges. Most of them “did all kinds of blacksmithing black work”, but one made “mill gear and all sorts of sovereign affairs for the Money Yard”, the other - “weapons and locksmithing”, the third - knives, the fourth - horseshoes, etc. Some forges belonged to boyars, roundabouts and stolniks, and their peasants worked in them, sometimes hired blacksmiths. Among the latter were even gunners and blacksmiths from the Cannon Yard.

In 1701, the street from the Varvarsky Gates to the Yauzsky, in addition to the courtyards of "different ranks of people", was lined with shops. “Beyond the Varvarsky gates against the almshouses” there were four shops “that sell stone tskas” (boards, slabs), obviously for tombstones. In addition to them, most of the shops sold provisions; on the north side of the street there were 20 of them (three of them sold hay), on the south side there were 15 shops (two of them were hay shops, four taverns, two huts “yes kvass kvass”).

In 1707-1708, during the construction of earthen bastions, all courtyards and shops on the territory of modern Nogin Square, except for those standing near the Church of All Saints on the south side, were demolished. The line of the bastion ran diagonally along the modern square - from the passage of Serov to the Varvarsky Gates. When it turned out that the bastions were not needed, the half of the modern square free from them was occupied by courtyards, and Varvarka reappeared between them and the southern side of the square. On the way from the Varvarsky bridge there was a stone almshouse of the Church of All Saints. In 1763, it was taken by the treasury for the construction of the Educational Home, which existed here until 1772, when a huge building was built for it on Moskvoretskaya Embankment.

On the plan of 1806, the territory of the square is shown as still built up with courtyards with wooden buildings on both sides of Varvarka and along the continuation of the modern Serov passage to it. But the street itself no longer went to the tower, but to the breaking gate. To the east of the Church of All Saints, probably on its church land, there was a government drinking house.

In 1819-1823. earthen ramparts were also dug down in other places, the ditch was filled in, and the whole area was planned for streets and building blocks. Then Varvarskaya Square appeared here.

In 1831-1832. a fountain of Mytishchi water was arranged on it, which almost until the end of the 19th century. used by the locals.

In 1841, water from the fountain was brought to the Orphanage.

In 1850, the entire Varvarskaya Square was already paved with cobblestones. On the square, in addition to the fountain, there was also an old well and a wooden “canopy for civilian laborers”, a kind of labor exchange. To the north rose Apple Square, enclosed by a wooden fence.

From the south, the stone buildings of the Church of All Saints and the houses of its clergy overlooked the square. There was a vacant lot at the corner with the modern China Passage. On the eastern side of the square there were stone houses along the modern Serov passage.

In 1872, during the Polytechnic Exhibition, the People's Theater was arranged on Varvarskaya Square and opened for three months. It was made of wood and had 1,803 seats, of which 1,059 seats cost from 5 to 40 kopecks. In the theater, under the direction of the former actor of the Maly Theater A. F. Fedotov, wonderful provincial actors played: E. D. Linovskaya, N. Kh. Rybakov, M. I. Pisarev, K. F. Berg, V. A. Makshcheev and others

The theater was opened by Gogol's "Inspector General", before which they gave another one-act play by N. A. Polevoy "Grandfather of the Russian Navy." The theater was very popular with the Moscow democratic audience. But when the exhibition closed, the authorities closed the theater as well. Then two theater officials under the Moscow Governor-General - Prince F. I. Urusov and S. V. Taneev - took over the theater, and he continued his work under the name "Public" until 1876, when the authorities closed it ostensibly from a fire hazard.

Through Nogin Square there is a lot of traffic to Taganka and other places in Zayauzye. Until recently, it was a junction of tram tracks from all the streets surrounding it. Until 1956, only one tram line remained - from Politekhnichesky proezd to Solyanka, and now it has been replaced by trolleybuses and buses.

• Kitay-gorod (general outline)
  It was named after the Barbarian Gates of Kitay-gorod located in this area. In 1918-1924 it was called: Varvarskaya Square, in 1924-1992: Nogin Square, in honor of the Soviet statesman V.P. Nogin. Part of the square adjacent to Ilyinsky Square

  Razin Street (Varvarka)
  The eastern part of Varvarka Street in the 1820s became part of Varvarskaya Square (now Nogin Square) formed on the site of the demolished bastions of Peter I. In the XVI century. Ivan the Terrible put on the street between the churches of Maxim and Varvara the Aglitsky and Kupetsky courtyards, in which they stopped

  From Manezhnaya to Varvarka. Moscow squares
  The boundary between them is not clearly defined, so it is difficult to understand where one ends and the other begins. Until 1992, it was a single Nogin Square, and at the end of the 20th century it was divided, as a result of which two squares were formed. Slavyanskaya Square is located on the eastern half

  Barbarian Gates Sq. (1820s)
  It was named after the Barbarian Gates of Kitay-gorod located in this area. In 1918-1924 it was called: Varvarskaya Square, in 1924-1992: Nogin Square, in honor of the Soviet statesman V.P. Nogin. Part of the square adjacent to Ilyinsky Square was named in 1992

  China town
  Until November 5, 1990, the station was called Ploshchad Nogina. And the current name comes from the Moscow district of the same name. "Kitay-Gorod" is a combined type station

  From Kitay-gorod to Solyanka. At the devil in Kulishki
  It acquired its current name quite recently, because until 1993 it was called "Nogin Square". She received it, as well as the square of the same name, in honor of the revolutionary Viktor Pavlovich Nogin, who became famous after

  Slavyanskaya sq. (April 28, 1992).
  Old names: Varvarskaya Sq. (part of it), along Varvarka St., to which it adjoins; and Nogina sq. (part of it) (1924), in honor of the Deputy People's Commissar of Labor V.P. Nogin. At the intersection of Lubyansky pr., Solyansky pr.

The metro station "Ulitsa Podbelskogo" was renamed into "Rokossovsky Boulevard". At one time, the station got its name from Podbelsky Street, on which its ground vestibules are located. However, already in 1994, Podbelsky Street was renamed Ivanteevskaya. The new name "Rokossovsky Boulevard" was given to the station in connection with its location in close proximity to the street of the same name and in memory of the outstanding commander of the Great Patriotic War, Marshal of the Soviet Union Konstantin Rokossovsky.

There are more than a dozen stations in Moscow whose names no longer correspond to toponymy on the surface. AiF.ru tells which stations have already changed their names and what caused this.

"Rokossovsky Boulevard" - "Podbelsky Street"

commons.wikimedia.org/Sameboat

The station "Ulitsa Podbelskogo" got its name in 1990, when it was opened. At that time, there was a street of the same name on the surface, which in 1994 was renamed Ivanteevskaya, from the village of Ivanteevka near Moscow, located in the northeast of the capital. Vadim Podbelsky, whose name the station currently bears, was one of the leaders of the armed uprising in Moscow in October 1917, and then - the commissar of post and telegraph of Moscow and the RSFSR.

The new name - "Rokossovsky Boulevard" - the commission decided to assign both the station and the TPU. This is due to the fact that on the surface there is a boulevard named after one of the main commanders of the Great Patriotic War, Marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky.

"Bitsevsky Park" - "Novoyasenevskaya"

Scheme of the Moscow metro. Source: commons.wikimedia.org/Sameboat

Opened January 17, 1990. Until June 3, 2008, the station was called Bitsevsky Park. The name of the station is associated with the natural and historical park "Bitsevsky Forest" located in the immediate vicinity of it. The forest itself is named after the Bitsa River, which originates from springs on the slope of the Teplostan Upland near the intersection of the Moscow Ring Road and Profsoyuznaya Street.

In 2008, the Bitsevsky Park station was renamed Novoyasenevskaya in order to transfer the old name of the Butovskaya line station under construction. The new name of the station was given by the name of the Yasenevo district, at the end of Novoyasenevsky Prospekt, on the border of a residential area and Bitsevsky Forest.

The area got its name from the former village of Yasenevo, known in the 13th century as a grand princely, and then as a royal estate.

In 1960, the territory of the village became part of the city of Moscow. Since the late 1970s, it has been a housing construction area.

"Plant named after Stalin" - "Avtozavodskaya"

Scheme of the Moscow metro. Source: commons.wikimedia.org/Sameboat

The station was opened on January 1, 1943. Until July 5, 1956, it was called the Stalin Plant, after the ZIS plant (now ZIL) located nearby. After Stalin's personality cult was debunked and the ZIS plant was renamed in honor of I. A. Likhachev, the name of the station was also changed to Avtozavodskaya (upon closer examination, you can see holes on the walls of the station left from attaching the letters of the original name of the station). Avtozavodskaya remained the southern terminus of the Zamoskvoretskaya line for 26 years, until the line was extended to Kakhovskaya in 1969.

"Comintern Street" - "Kalininskaya" - "Vozdvizhenka" - "Alexander Garden"

Scheme of the Moscow metro. Source: commons.wikimedia.org/Sameboat

The terminal station of the Filyovskaya line of the Moscow metro "Aleksandrovsky Sad" got its name because of the Alexander Garden located near the western wall of the Kremlin, to which the passage from the station leads. Until December 24, 1946, the station was called Komintern Street, until November 5, 1990 - Kalininskaya. In 1990, for a few days, it received the official name "Vozdvizhenka". The station is located under the southern part of Vozdvizhenka Street, between the building of the Russian State Library and the roadway.

Being 5 seconds late and being branded as a snail. The driver about the work of the subway.

"Gorkovskaya" - "Tverskaya"

Scheme of the Moscow metro. Source: commons.wikimedia.org/Sameboat

The station was opened on July 20, 1979. Until November 5, 1990, the station was called Gorkovskaya, after the former name of Tverskaya Street and in honor of the writer Maxim Gorky, whose monument stands in the passage between this station and the Chekhovskaya station.

"Okhotny Ryad" - "Imeni Kaganovich" - "Okhotny Ryad" - "Marx Avenue" - "Okhotny Ryad"

Scheme of the Moscow metro. Source: commons.wikimedia.org/Sameboat

During the existence of the Okhotny Ryad station, it was renamed 4 times. At first, as now, it was called "Okhotny Ryad" - the name was given by one of the Moscow shopping malls (XVII century), in which it was allowed to trade game brought by hunters near Moscow.

On November 25, 1955, when the entire subway, which previously bore the name of Lazar Kaganovich, was deprived of this name, giving him the name of Lenin, the Okhotny Ryad station was given the name of Kaganovich, and it became known as the station named after Kaganovich. Two years later, when Kaganovich himself was among the members of the so-called anti-party group, the station returned its former name "Okhotny Ryad". The name lasted until November 30, 1961, when the station was renamed Prospekt Marx. And on November 5, 1990, the station was again renamed Okhotny Ryad.

Metro cities of the world in facts and figures.

"Kirovskaya" - "Chistye Prudy"

The station was opened on May 15, 1935 and was called Kirovskaya. The station was renamed on November 5, 1990, after the name of Kirov Street (now Myasnitskaya) located here was changed, named after the state and party leader of the USSR Sergei Mironovich Kirov (1886-1934). The new name of the station was given by Chistoprudny Boulevard, as well as by Chisty Pond, to which its exits lead. Until 1703, the pond was called Pogany, as waste from nearby butcher shops and slaughterhouses was dumped into it. Then it was cleaned up and, accordingly, renamed.

"Red Gate" - "Lermontovskaya" - "Red Gate"

The Krasnye Vorota station was named after the Red Gates in 1935, and in 1962 it was renamed Lermontovskaya - not far from the station lobby there used to be the house where the great Russian poet was born. At the dawn of perestroika, in 1986, the station returned its former name "Red Gate".

Mir - Shcherbakovskaya - Alekseevskaya

It was opened on May 1, 1958 under the name "Mir". On October 26, 1966, it was renamed Shcherbakovskaya in honor of the party and statesman of the Stalinist era Alexander Shcherbakov. On November 5, 1990, the Shcherbakovskaya station was renamed Alekseevskaya. The station received this name in honor of the village of Alekseevsky, which belonged to Prince Dmitry Timofeevich Trubetskoy. The history of the village of Alekseevsky dates back to the end of the 14th century. At the beginning of the 20th century, the village of Alekseevskoye entered the boundaries of Moscow; in the late 20s and early 30s, the Alekseevsky student campus and the first multi-storey residential buildings were built here. Since the 1950s Mass residential development began in the area.

Dzerzhinskaya - Lubyanka

The metro station was opened on May 15, 1935. Until November 1990, it was called "Dzerzhinskaya". The name of the station directly indicated its location: the square on which it is located was called Dzerzhinsky Square at that time, in honor of Felix Dzerzhinsky, a Soviet figure, the founder of the Cheka. In 1990, the square was returned to its historical name - Lubyanskaya, and the metro station was renamed "Lubyanka". The name "Lubyanka" is a transferred toponym. It was first mentioned in the annals of 1480, when Ivan III ordered the Novgorodians, evicted to Moscow after the fall of the republic, to settle in this place.

What was invented for the convenience of passengers in the subways of the world?

"Kolkhoznaya" - "Sukharevskaya"

The station was opened on January 5, 1972. Initially, it was called "Kolkhoznaya", in honor of the 1st All-Union Congress of Collective Farmers-Shock Workers and to commemorate the collectivization of agriculture. On November 5, 1990, the station was renamed Sukharevskaya along with the renaming of the nearby Kolkhoznaya Square into Bolshaya and Malaya Sukharevskaya Squares. The station received its new name in honor of the Sukharevskaya Tower, which was built in 1692-1695 on the initiative of Peter I. The tower received its name in honor of Lavrenty Sukharev, whose streltsy regiment guarded the Sretensky Gate at the end of the 17th century.

"Zhdanovskaya" - "Vykhino"

The station was opened on December 31, 1966. The modern name is given according to the Moscow district of Vykhino, on the territory of which the station is located. The original name of the station - "Zhdanovskaya" - in honor of the party leader Andrei Zhdanov. The district of Moscow in which the station was located at the time of opening bore his name.

"Lenino" - "Tsaritsyno"

Before the renaming on November 5, 1990, the Tsaritsyno station was called Lenino (after the name of the Lenino-Dachnoye residential area). The modern name of the station was given by the nearby Tsaritsyno park and the museum-reserve "Tsaritsyno". The station was opened on December 30, 1984.

"Sverdlov Square" - "Teatralnaya"

The station was opened on September 11, 1938 and was named "Sverdlov Square", in honor of the square of the same name. The square was named after one of the leaders of the Bolshevik Party, Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee Yakov Sverdlov. In 1990, Sverdlov Square was given back its historical name - Theater Square (the Bolshoi and Maly Theaters are located on it), and the metro station was also renamed Teatralnaya.

Mole's move: how the Moscow metro will change in the next seven years.

"Nogin Square" - "Kitay-Gorod"

Until November 5, 1990, the station was called "Nogin Square", in honor of the Soviet party leader Viktor Nogin. The current name comes from the name of the Moscow historical district, on the eastern border of which the station is located. At the same time, Nogin Square (until 1924 - Varvarskaya Square), on which the station was located, was renamed Slavyanskaya Square, where a monument to the Slavic enlighteners Cyril and Methodius was erected.

"Stalinskaya" - "Semyonovskaya"

Scheme of the Moscow metro.

Station "Kitay-Gorod" is the first station of the Moscow metro with a cross-platform transfer. This is extremely convenient if you are traveling from north to south or vice versa from south to north and you need to change from the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya line to the Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya line. To do this, simply go to the other side of the platform. The fact that trains on both platforms travel in the same direction has fascinated me since I was a child. You stand at the door, the train enters the station and on the other side the train also goes in the same direction at the same speed. They stop together. After that, the truth is that the crowd runs headlong to the other side of the platform to jump on the train, it seems that this is the very last train.
In fact, "Kitai-Gorod" is two stations, two platform parts, but due to the fact that it is absolutely impossible to divide them, we will watch them as one whole, but within the framework of both the Raluzhsko-Rizhskaya and Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya lines.

TTX of the station. It is strange that they write about 1970, in all other sources - 1971. The station started working at full capacity after the opening of the section "Barrikadnaya" - "Kitay Gorod" in 1975.

Here are some interesting shots from the construction.

It is surprising that Nogina Square, located in the very center, even visited the final Kaluga radius, after the section from Oktyabrskaya to Nogin Square was opened in 1971, then a year later the northern section was completed and the line acquired its current name " Kaluga-Rizhskaya".

Here is the finished station. Urns! Urns at the station. Eh. Now they don't do that. They put anything at the new INFOSOSy stations, recently they even put it on the metro station. "Prospect Mira" is a toilet, but they are still afraid to put up trash cans.

Station opening. Cut the ribbon. In the hall "Accordion"

And here is the hall "Crystal". There is a very fashionable finish in the 70s with chasing on the top of the columns. For some reason I remember her very much from my childhood.

Podulichnik with cool railings on top of the parapet. There is also the old name of not only the station, but also Varvarka Street.

Exit at the Polytechnic Museum and the coolest Soviet banners.

1. The station has 11 (!!!) exits to the city. 6 from the north lobby and 5 from the south. We descend from New Square.

2. The station has two underground vestibules. We're heading north now. In front of the entrance, there is an airlock behind these striped doors.

3. It's funny that in 1990 the station was renamed Kitai-Gorod, although formally all exits from the station are outside the Kitai-Gorod wall, which directly encloses Kitay-Gorod from the White City. It would have been more logical to call the station "Ploshchad Varvarskie Vorota", if they wanted to link the name to the name of the area above, especially since Nogin Square above was renamed back to Varvarskiye Vorota Square.

4. There are still old validators in the lobby itself. The floor is asphalt. But the ceiling is decorated very well, something in common with the st.m. .

5. We go down. Station with cross platform transfer. If you go right here, then exit to the platform with trains that go south, and if you go further, then with trains going north. The station is the first in the Moscow metro with a cross-platform transfer from the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya line to the Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya line. And if you are traveling from south to north or vice versa, then, as I said, to go to the next branch, you just need to go to the other side of the platform. Convenient, but those who do not often use this transplant get confused. Between these two halls there is a hermetic seal.

6. At the end there is a bust of Nogin. Thank God it was not dismantled, but left standing there. Good, high-quality work of the architect A.P. Shlykov.

7. Descent to the platform.

8. The southern lobby is also underground. There are always a lot of pigeons for some reason. Especially in summer. That's why the whole floor is filthy with bird droppings. But lately I see that there are almost no pigeons in the passages, probably somehow managed to discourage these birds from descending into the passage.

9. There are checkout windows that are not working now. But taking the ticket office out of the lobby is just the same fashion trend, many modern stations do just that. Transparent windows were covered with something painted in a terrible blue. Now the transitions are being renovated with might and main, maybe they will do something more decent here. All the same, one of the most central stations, all sorts of tourists go and probably wonder why there is such horror.

10. Entrance doors. The stained glass line is a continuous thread. In the middle is the entrance to the lobby.

11. On the left is the exit from the hall of the western platform "Crystal".

12. The doors are old, maybe during the reconstruction they will be changed to new stainless ones.

13. Cash desks are located just opposite the front doors.

14. Validators are old, but the booth on duty is new, made of shiny stainless steel.

15. On the other side, exit from the hall of the eastern platform "Accordion".

16. An escalator leads to each platform from the south lobby.

17. Once again, very nice ceiling lighting.

18. Going down to the "accordion" platform, you can see the old-school attendant's booth at the escalator.

19. The booth on the crystal platform is not so cool anymore. And here and there old escalators. Although passengers should not have problems when it comes to replacing them. You can block one slope, change equipment, and then perform work on another slope. Before entering the platform, there is a traditional hermetic seal.

20. It is interesting that the station has two halls (in fact, these are two stations) with different architecture. Structurally, both column stations are deep. But the artwork is different. Moreover, it is not dedicated to any particular topic. Let's start at the western station. Crystal platform. It got its name because of the characteristic form of the decoration of the columns and the embossing of the cornice design. Embossing is also decorated with inserts on the track wall.

21. Finishing of the track wall, floor and columns - light, pleasant to the eye stone. The columns are really very coolly made, such a complex shape really conjures up the idea of ​​some kind of crystalline structures.

22. In fact, the passenger flow through the Kitai-Gorod station is quite significant, but there are also moments when almost no one is on the platform.

23. Among other things, the coolest chased cornice hides the lamps that give light to the station. As always, this technique allows you to abandon the dangling lights on the ceiling.

24. The space between the columns is taken away by such bars.

25. Lamps are visible through them.

26. Let's take another look at the "crystal" hall.

27. The neighboring platform "Accordion", to go to it from the previous one, you can use the transition in the center of the hall, as well as the transition at the end from the northern lobby. This is the view from the escalators. There is also a hermetic seal in front of the platform part.

28. Here the columns are finished in a style that really resembles accordion furs. There is no cornice above the columns, and, accordingly, there are lamps behind them, here there are lamps on the ceiling. In the middle of the platform there is a transition to the western platform, to trains heading south.

29. Above the tracks in the side parts of the platform, the lamps are not symmetrical, they shine only in one direction.

30. The columns, by the way, are finished with stone of different colors, look at the previous couple of photos.

31. In general, this platform certainly loses in terms of the steepness of the finish of the neighboring one.

32. By the way, on the track wall there are such torches with Soviet symbols. I always thought it was in honor of the Olympics, but it's not at all. The stations opened long before the 1980 Olympics.

33. On the track wall, you can distinguish the remaining holes from the letters with the previous name of the station "Nogina Square".

34. That's it, let's move on. Since we are in the hall of the eastern platform, then, accordingly, we will go north.

P.S.
All archive photos found on a wonderful site