From the north, south and east, the territory of the region encircles the lands of the Delhi metropolitan area in a semicircle.
The first written references to the Haryana region date back to the 12th century. This name is a combination of two Sanskrit words: "Harin", denoting the god Vishnu, and "ayana" - house. Indeed, Haryana has a huge religious and cultural heritage.
In ancient times, a flourishing civilization existed in the lands of Haryana. Its origin is attributed to about the middle of the 8th millennium BC. e. In the period 3300-1300 years. BC e. Haryana was part of the so-called Harappan civilization, which existed on a par with the ancient Egyptian and Sumerian. One of its largest centers was the city of Rakhigarhi in the modern state of Haryana, the ruins of which are located 150 km from Delhi. Its area was 350 hectares, and for its time, Rakhigarhi was a well-equipped settlement: there were drainage systems and even sewerage.
The decline of the Harappan civilization is supposed to have been facilitated by the deterioration of natural conditions and the invasion of the Aryans. It was replaced by the Vedic culture.
Haryana has a glorious military history due to its strategic location on the way to North India. A series of battles goes back centuries, some of them are described in the legendary ancient Indian texts. For example, in the Sanskrit work "Bhagavad Gita" ("Divine Song"), which describes a philosophical conversation between Krishna and Arjuna, events unfold near the Haryan city of Kurukshetra before the battle between the Kaurava and Pandava clans for the throne of Hastinapura. Other books of the ancient Indian epic Mahabharata also tell about the same conflict.
Subsequently, three Panipat battles took place on these lands. The first of them took place on April 21, 1526, and then the Kabul ruler Babur defeated the last Delhi Sultan Ibrahim Lodi, which led to the creation of the Mughal Empire in the North Indian territories. On November 5, 1556, the second of a series of Panipat battles took place, which resulted in the assertion of the power of the Mughal dynasty in India. Finally, on January 14, 1761, during the battle, the Afghan conqueror Ahmad Shah Durrani defeated the Marathas, which led to the weakening of both sides of the conflict and further English colonial expansion in India.
In 1857-1859. an uprising of Indian soldiers (Sepoy Rebellion) broke out against the East India Company, the cities of Haryana were also involved in it. The rebels managed to take control of many Indian cities, including Delhi, but the British were able to suppress the uprising. As a result, the management of the colony began to be carried out directly by the English crown, British India was formed.
On November 1, 1966, as a result of the separation of the Hindi-speaking lands from the state of Punjab, a new administrative unit appeared on the map of India - the state of Haryana.
northern state of india
Most of the state of Haryana is located on the Indo-Gangetic plain. The Jumna River flows along the eastern border of the state. The Sivalik hills rise in the northeast, the semi-desert plain occupies the southwest, and the Aravali mountain range lies in the south.There are many places in Haryana that are sacred to Hindu believers. In the Hindu tradition, it is believed that Krishna uttered the "Divine Song" here.
Compared to other Indian states, Haryana has a fairly small area, but it is one of the most economically successful and industrialized in the country. Mechanical engineering is especially developed here: about half of the cars and motorcycles, the production of which is concentrated in India, roll off the assembly lines in Haryana. The largest industrial regions of the state are Yamunanagar and Faridabad districts.
Despite the fact that many industrial enterprises are concentrated in the state, most of the inhabitants of Haryana are engaged in agriculture. The region has become part of the global Green Revolution program aimed at modernizing the sector in developing countries. The area of agricultural land here reaches 86% of the territory of the entire state.
There are many places in Haryana associated with the glorious history of this state. One of the most revered sights of this kind is the city of Kurukshetra, where the legendary 18-day battle took place. The battlefield has not only historical, but also religious significance, since here Krishna uttered the so-called "Divine Song", which formed the basis of Hinduism. Nearby is the sacred Jyotisar pond, on the banks of which a banyan tree grows, which is considered a descendant of a tree planted here by Krishna.
In addition, it is believed that the creation of the Universe began from this place, so it was revered from antiquity and sacrifices were made here. At present, infrastructure for pilgrims has been created in Kurukshetra, there are many temples and residential buildings to accommodate believers.
In general, Haryana plays a very special role in the life of Hindus; they often make pilgrimages to the sacred places of the state. Believers are attracted, in particular, by the Brahma-sarovar pond near the ancient city of Tannasar. This place is associated with the affairs of Brahma - the creator of the universe.
On the new moon and on the days of solar eclipses, pilgrims come to the pond to perform a ritual bath for spiritual cleansing.
Haryana keeps the memory of the times of the Mughal Empire. Among the buildings that clearly demonstrate the wealth of this state and the skill of its craftsmen are the reconstructed Pinjora Gardens, originally created in the 17th century. They are located in the city of Pinjor near the capital Chandigarh.
The state of Haryana is famous for its beautiful landscapes, numerous lakes and the richness of flora and fauna. Particularly noteworthy is the small Sultanpur National Park, 50 km west of Delhi, where you can see more than 250 species of birds, including 100 species of migratory birds from Eurasia and Africa, among which there are inhabitants of Siberia. Due to the low level of groundwater on previously wetlands, it is necessary to artificially maintain conditions favorable for local inhabitants.
general information
Location: North.Date of formation: November 1, 1966
Administrative division: 4 regions, 21 districts.
Administrative center: Chandigarh - 1,054,686 people (2011)
The largest city: Faridabad - 1,404,653 people (2011).
Languages: Hindi, Punjabi, Hariani.
Ethnic composition: Punjabis, Jats, Harianis.
Religions: Sikhism, Hinduism, Islam.
Currency unit: Indian rupee.
Major airport: Chandigarh International Airport.
Neighboring territories: Punjab (northwest), Rajasthan (southwest), Uttar Pradesh and Delhi (east), Himachal Pradesh and Chandisgarh (north).
Numbers
Area: 44,212 km2.Population: 25,351,462 (2011).
Population density: 573.4 people / km 2.
Total length of roads: 23,684 km.
Height above sea level: 200 to 1200 m.
Climate and weather
subtropical monsoon.January average temperature (Chandigarh): +13.3°С.
July average temperature (Chandigarh): +29°С.
Average annual rainfall (Chandigarh): 1059.3 mm.
Economy
Agriculture: crop production (rice, wheat, sugar cane, cotton, oilseeds, legumes, barley, corn), dairy farming.Industry: mechanical engineering, including automotive, household appliances, paper, sugar, steel and brass, high-tech industry.
Service sector: tourism, pilgrimage, education, transport, trade, finance, telecommunications.
Attractions
■ Cult: the battlefield of Kurukshetra and the sacred pond of Jyotisar, the sacred pond of Brahma-sarovar; tomb of the holy Sufi Kalandar Shah (XIV century) in Panipat.■ historical: the ruins of the city of Rakhigarhi, 3rd millennium BC. e.; Gardens of Pinjora (originally the 17th century); Surajkund - a settlement and an artificial reservoir of the X-XI centuries.
■ Natural: Sultanpur National Park, Kurukshetra Valley, Kalesar National Park, Saraswati Game Reserve, Bir Bara Ban Game Reserve.
Curious facts
■ The city of Chandigarh is simultaneously the capital of two states: Haryana and Punjab, while it lies outside the administrative boundaries of both.■ On March 29, 2006, on the day of a solar eclipse, 10 million pilgrims came to the Brahma-sarovar pond. Brahma Sarovar is the largest sacred pond in India. It has 3 km in circumference.
■ The largest rose park in Asia is located in the city of Chandigarh. It occupies 27 acres, its collection includes 1600 varieties of roses.
India: North (except Goa) Tarasyuk Yaroslav V.
State of Haryana
State of Haryana
haryanatourism.com
Territory - 44.2 thousand km 2
Population - 21.1 million people. (2001)
The main languages of communication are Hindi and English.
The best time to visit is October-March.
Surajkund Pond
(Surajkund, 21 km south of Delhi)
It is believed that Surajkund (lit. "Sunny Pond") was created by one of the Rajput princes from the Tomar clan in the 1st half. 11th century to collect rainwater during the monsoon period. Archaeological excavations confirm the existence of a large settlement in the area of the pond at that time.
The nearby village of Anangpur has a dam attributed to the Rajput prince Anangpal, and the ruins of ancient fortifications remain on the surrounding hills.
Every year on February 1-15, a colorful fair of Indian folk crafts, Surajkund Crafts Mela, is held near Surajkund. Representatives of many states of the country participate in it.
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| State | |
| Haryana | |
|---|---|
| Hindi हरियाणा v.-panj. ਹਰਿਆਣਾ English Haryana |
|
| 30°44′ N. sh. 76°47′ E d. | |
| The country | |
| Adm. Centre | |
| Governor | Satyadev Narayan Arya |
| Chief Minister | Manohar Lal Khattar |
| Speaker of the Haryana Assembly | Kanwar Pal Gujjar |
| History and geography | |
| Date of formation | November 1, 1966 |
| Square | 44,212 km² (20th) |
| Timezone | UTC+5:30 |
| The largest city | |
| Dr. big cities | , Ambala |
| Population | |
| Population | 25 353 081 people (2011) (17th) |
| Density | 573.44 people/km² (11th place) |
| official languages | Hindi, Punjabi |
| Digital IDs | |
| Abbreviation | IN-HR |
| ISO 3166-2 code | IN-HR |
| Official site | |
|
|
| Media files at Wikimedia Commons | |
Haryana(Hindi हरियाणा, V.-Panj. ਹਰਿਆਣਾ, English Haryana) - a state in the north. The capital - (not administratively part of Haryana, but is a separate union territory), the largest city -. Population - 25,353,081 people (17th among states; 2011 data). Haryana was separated into a separate state from the state of Punjab in 1966. Until now, the city is the capital of two states at the same time: Punjab and Haryana. Translated from Hindi, "Haryana" means "the abode of God": "Hari" is one of the names of God Vishnu, "Ayana" - "house".
Geography
Territory area 44,212 km² (20th place). It borders with the states: Himachal Pradesh (in the north), Punjab (in the northwest), (in the southwest), (in the east), as well as with the union territories and the Gangetic-Jamun Plain occupies most of the territory of Haryana. The Sivalik hills are located in the northeast, the southwest is occupied by a semi-desert plain, and the Aravali mountain range rises in the south. The height of the territory above sea level is from 200 to 1200 m. The eastern border of the state runs along the Jamuna River.
Near the dry bed of the ancient Saraswati River was the largest city of the Harappan civilization, Rakhigarhi.
Politics
In the elections to the state assembly in 2004, the Indian National Congress won a landslide victory (more than 60% of the vote).
Population
As of 2011, the population of the state was 25,353,081 people. The population density is about 573.44 people / km². Like the neighboring Punjab, Haryana has a huge preponderance of the number of men over the number of women. Hinduism is practiced by 89.7% of the population, Sikhs make up 6.2%, Muslims - 4%. The proportion of Christians and Buddhists is extremely small. About 87.34% of the population speak Hindi; 10.57% - in Punjabi; 1.23% - in Urdu. In Haryana, not standard Hindi is widespread, but its dialect is Haryanavi, which is quite similar to the Braj dialect.
Big cities:
- - 1,054,981 people
- - 286 773 people
- - 261 665 people
- Hisar - 256,810 people
- - 216 213 people
- Karnal - 210,476 people
Administrative division
Haryana state map
The state of Haryana consists of 4 regions, which are divided into 21 districts.
Economy
Haryana is one of the most industrialized states in the country. It produces up to 50% of all Indian cars and motorcycles, 30% of all Indian refrigerators, 25% of tractors, bicycles, plumbing and paper, 20% of scientific instruments. It hosts businesses such as: Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India Pvt. Ltd, Maruti Udyog Limited, Hero Honda, Alcatel, Sony, BILT, Whirlpool India, Bharti Telecom, Hindustan Machine Tools, Hindustan National Glass. In addition, there are about 80,000 separate small production units.
The largest industrial region of the state is the Yamunagar district, there are large paper mills, a sugar factory, and a timber industry. In addition, there are thermal power plants and hydroelectric power stations, the largest railway workshop in India, steel and brass are smelted. Another important industrial area is Faridabad, where such large enterprises as Orient Paper & Industries, JCB India Limited, Nirigemes, Agri Machinery Group (Escorts Limited), India Yamaha Motor Pvt. Ltd., Whirlpool, ABB Group, Goodyear Tires.
In addition to industry, Haryana is also an important agricultural region. About 70% of the state's population is employed in this sector. The most important crops are rice, wheat, sugarcane, cotton, oilseeds, legumes, barley, and corn. Up to 86% of the state's territory is cultivated, irrigated land makes up to 70% of the land. Haryana played an important role in the Indian Green Revolution and is also an important center for agricultural education. The largest agricultural university in the country - Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, is located in Hisar. An important part of agriculture is the production of milk and dairy products.
Transport
The total length of state roads is 23,684 km. There is a convenient road connection even with remote areas of the state, as well as with other cities of the country, including nearby Delhi. Railway lines passing through Haryana include: Amritsar - Delhi, Rewari - Ahmedabad, Bhiwani - Rohtak - Delhi, Ambala - Ferozepur, Delhi - Ferozepur, Kalka - Jodhpur, Kalka - Haora, Amritsar - Haora and Delhi - Kalka - Shimla.
Notes
- Rakhigarhi likely to be developed into a world heritage site
- Haryana to set up museum at Rakhigarhi
Links
- Haryana Online
- History of Haryana
- People of Haryana
- Culture of Haryana
- Birds of Haryana
- Tourism in Haryana
- Haryana Government Website
Haryana India(Haryana) is a state in northwestern India. It was formed in 1966 from the southern regions of the state of Punjab, in which the population speaks Hindi. In the north Haryana India It borders with the state of Himachal Pradesh, in the east - with the states of Uttar Pradesh and Delhi, in the south - with the state of Rajasthan, in the west - with the state of Punjab. The area is 44 thousand km2. Administrative center Haryana India - Chandigarh. Large cities: Ambala, Karnal, Panipat, Rogtak, Bhivani. Translated from Hindi, "Haryana" means "the abode of God": "Hari" is one of the names of God Vishnu, "Ayana" - "house".
Haryana is located on the Indo-Gangetic plain. The Thar Desert is located in the south of the state. State Haryana India - one of the most developed states of India in terms of economic indicators and per capita income (3rd place in the country). The basis of the economy is agriculture - the state is a leader in the production of milk and grain and has played a very important role in India's self-sufficiency in food products. Also, in the state Haryana India highly developed industry and high-tech sector. The city of Gurgaon has become one of the capitals of the IT industry in India.
One of the most respected in the state Haryana India , and throughout India, is the sacred place of Kukukshera, where, according to legend, the famous battle took place, so vividly described in the Mahabharata epic, when Krishna brought the Bhagavad Gita, the sacred scripture of Hinduism, to the consciousness of people. According to other older legends - Haryana India was the starting point for the creation of the rest of the universe. Here is also the largest sacred pond - Brahma-sarovar, from where, according to legend, the Creator God (Brahma) began the creative process. It is here that hundreds of thousands of pilgrims flock to the new moon and days of solar eclipses to bathe in the waters of the lake.
Haryana India
famous for its picturesque lakes, pristine landscapes and richness of flora and fauna. The famous Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary is home to more than 250 species of migratory birds from Eurasia and Africa, where you can see the Siberian crane, pink flamingo, pelican, Indian crane and cormorant, as well as other birds in natural conditions. Close to state capital Haryana India the famous Pinjora Gardens are spread - a reconstructed park of the 17th century. The park abounds with outlandish fruit trees, fountains and pavilions in the imperial (Mughal Empire) style.In state Haryana India there are many festivals and processions that are timed to coincide with the historical events of the region, the appearance of the Bhagavad Gita and other traditional Hindu holidays, accompanied by processions, festivals and sales exhibitions.
Haryana state in northern India. Capital - Chandigarh(not administratively part of Haryana, but a separate union territory), the largest city is Faridabad. Haryana was separated into a separate state from the state of Punjab in 1966. Until now, the city of Chandigarh is the capital of two states at the same time: Punjab and Haryana. Translated from Hindi, "Haryana" means "abode of God": "Hari" is one of the names of God Vishnu, "Ayana" - "home."
Haryana lies predominantly on a plain at an altitude of approx. 200 m above sea level, but in the north, on the border with Himachal Pradesh, the terrain rises to the Himalayas to heights of approx. 1200 m (Shivalik Hills). In the south, on the border with Rajasthan, the area also begins to hill (mountains Aravali). In the southwest of Haryana there are semi-deserts. Most of the state is occupied by a fertile valley, irrigated by the waters of the Yamuna and its tributaries.
On the territory of modern Haryana, for many thousands of years BC, the Aryan tribes who came from the northwest settled, and many events described in the ancient Indian epic "Mahabharata" also took place. First of all, the famous Battle of Kurukshetra. During the Muslim and European conquests of India, several decisive battles took place on the territory of Haryana.
State of Haryana- one of the most developed states of India in terms of economic indicators and per capita income (3rd place in the country). The basis of the economy is agriculture - the state is a leader in the production of milk and grain and has played a very important role in India's self-sufficiency in food products. Also, the state has a very developed industry and high-tech sector. Gurgaon city became one of the capitals of the IT industry in India.
Description of the state of Haryana
The population of the state is predominantly Hindu (84%), Sikh (15%) and Muslim (1%).
The state is not very popular among ordinary tourists, as there are few attractions in the state and there is not much to do here.
To get in state of haryana very simple - many railway lines and highways pass through the state, connecting Delhi with Chandigarh, Amritsar, Patiala and other important transport hubs of Northern India.
As with the rest of the flat North India, the best months to visit Haryana are October-November and February-March. In December-January it can be cool (up to 0 degrees). In the northeastern hilly regions (altitude up to 1200 m), bordering the Himalayas, it is cooler in summer, and there may be frosts in winter. This can be uncomfortable, given that there is no central heating in Haryana and the dwellings are in no way adapted for the cold. From April to June, the hot season lasts (up to +50 in the shade), and from July to September, the rainy season, when humidity is added to the heat.
Festivals in Haryana
December - January: Gita Jayanti (Kurukshetra)- the birthday of the Bhagavad Gita, the most famous Hindu scripture. According to legend, the Bhagavad Gita was spoken by Krishna on the battlefield of Kurukshetra c. 5000 years ago. A large gathering of pilgrims in the area of the sacred Brahmasarovar pond in the city of Kurukshetra.
February: Fair in Surajkund (Surajkund Krafts Mela, the entire first half of February, Surajkund) is a major international cultural event with sales exhibitions, performances by groups from different countries of South Asia, fashion shows, etc. in the town of Surajkund, 20 km from the center of Delhi.
October: Pinjori Cultural Heritage Festival(Pinjore Heritage Festival) - a music festival and an exhibition of folk crafts in Pinjore in early October. Takes place in the gardens of the Mughal rulers.
Source: www.indostan.ru
