The USE in social studies is the most popular elective exam after the mandatory USE in mathematics and the Russian language. According to the data of previous years, more than half of the graduates chose social studies, and in 2013 69.3% passed it! At the same time, it is one of the most difficult exams. This year, 5.3% of graduates did not pass the Unified State Exam in social studies, and this is about 25 thousand people! What is the reason for this failure?
The Five Pitfalls of Social Science
There is a common misconception among alumni that social studies is one of the easiest subjects. Many of them are sure that it is really possible to “blame something” on him. This is the first trap of social science. Students rely on their experience of oral answers in the classroom, where you can really say a lot, and the teacher himself will isolate the correct answer from what was said. On the Unified State Examination, where even the detailed answers of Part C consist of only a few sentences, it is impossible to "blank", but you need to give clear answers.
And here we have the second trap of social science: knowledge of terminology and the ability to operate with it. If terminology can be learned, then the ability to operate with it requires the skills of logical thinking: the ability to compare and analyze. And this means that the Unified State Examination in social science, to a greater extent than any other exam, involves not simply reproducing the memorized material, but its "preparation", which is much more difficult.
The Unified State Examination in Social Studies is a real integral exam: it includes five topics related to different sciences Key words: economics, law, philosophy, sociology and political science. Each science has its own conceptual apparatus: terminology, approaches to evaluation and analysis. This is the third trap - the student needs to master all the terminology and logic of each of the five sciences. The complexity of the Unified State Examination in social studies lies in the fact that, unlike, for example, mathematics, where geometric problems occupy a clear place in the structure of the exam, the question for comparison can be both in the topic of economics and sociology. Consequently, the student must, first of all, determine what discipline he is dealing with, and then "turn on" the necessary conceptual apparatus.
The Unified State Exam in social studies is taken for many specialties - for economics, law, public administration, architecture, customs, logistics and other specialties of the humanitarian and socio-economic profile.
When preparing for the exam in social studies, it is difficult to avoid the fourth trap: numerous textbooks and manuals. Some of them, unfortunately, are not always conscientious and can do a disservice. It is best to take two basic textbooks as a basis - Kravchenko and Bogolyubov, which are used in most schools. However, it must be borne in mind that schools can use textbooks from different years, and FIPI relies on the latest editions in its USE developments.
The fifth trap of the exam - not enough hours assigned to this subject at school. This is due, first of all, to the paradoxes of the development of Russian education. As the Unified State Examination in social science improves, it becomes more difficult, and at school at this time there is a departure from the profile study of this subject. And this is despite the fact that it is in demand in more than 30% of liberal arts universities. Today, social studies in the school curriculum exists only as a basic subject, which is given only one hour a week.
So how do you avoid the pitfalls and turn them into positives in preparation?
Here are five specific tips that Maxim Sigal, the head of the teaching department at the MAXIMUM training center for preparing for the Unified State Examination, gives to eleventh graders:
"Do not underestimate this exam. Many students treat social studies as something very simple, where you can hardly prepare, but simply give answers according to logic - this is definitely wrong!"
First trap: When choosing this subject, evaluate your knowledge objectively. Treat social science as an exact science.
Second trap: learn terminology and practice thinking logically. All types of tasks are described in the FIPI materials. Search for answers to questions, find out what exactly is required in a given answer, and how each answer is scored. In detailed tasks, specify how much you need to write to answer each question.
Third trap: learn to distinguish the terminology of each of the five disciplines included in the exam in social studies. When answering, the first thing to do is determine the discipline to be dealt with.
Fourth trap: be careful when choosing textbooks for preparing for the exam in social studies: a number of them use unused terminology and concepts. Consider the changes that have been made to the USE-2014 compared to 2013, namely:
- Task B5 is more difficult. The total number of judgments given in the assignment condition increases from 4 to 5. It is necessary to distribute them into three, instead of the previous two, groups of judgments: facts, estimates, theoretical statements. Here it is very easy to get confused in estimates and theoretical statements. It should be remembered that theory is memorized knowledge, and evaluation is one's own opinion.
- The topics proposed for writing an essay are grouped into five blocks instead of the previous six. Topics covered in terms of the provisions of sociology and social psychology are now included in one general direction. This makes it easier to write a task on a given topic, since the line between the terminology of these two disciplines is not always distinguishable.
- For an essay, you can get a maximum of 5 points. It is important to remember here that if the meaning of the statement is not disclosed, then the work is simply not checked. Additional points are given for providing a theoretical justification, and the highest points are given for factual argumentation.
Fifth trap: the insufficient number of hours can only be compensated for by one thing - additional preparation for the Unified State Examination in social studies at the right and timely chosen courses.
Many parents will be horrified by reading this material. It is so difficult and takes time and diligence to prepare! But is it worth it to be afraid, because we all want to teach our children the ability to reason independently and think logically. Often accusations are made against the Unified State Examination: this format of the exam, they say, “stupefies” children, forces teachers to engage in “training” for the exam instead of transferring knowledge. We don't like it, do we? So we should be glad that the opposite is true with the Unified State Exam in social studies - in the process of preparing for it, children learn to think and use the knowledge they have received. Isn't that what most parents want?
Discussion
If the state textbooks of Bogolyubov and Kravchenko are bad, then the tests compiled on the basis of these textbooks will also always be bad. This is the main problem when passing the exam in social studies. The only way out is to change basic textbooks, change social science standards and change tests. I advise you to use my textbook for reading - Valery Starikov "Interesting Social Science", which is published on the Russian and English Wikipedia:
[link-1]
Useless information, a lot of water, thanks for your time
21.11.2017 18:08:06, [email protected]22.03.2016 22:47:59, Ashati
Comment on the article "Unified State Examination in Social Studies: 5 Pitfalls of the Popular Exam"
Preparation for the exam in social studies. Tutors. Education of children. 4 years of tutoring experience. Preparation for the exam - classes are held individually and in a group. Groups from 3-5 people - 1500 rubles. in 90 minutes (the first lesson is free for the organizer of the group)...
Discussion
Psychology, biology or physical culture inst? This kit doesn't seem to go anywhere else.
If the school doesn’t kick you out of the profiles, then you don’t have to worry about it yet, it’s not scary for 3ku yet.
But for the exam about knowledge, it will be necessary to strain - not rap, so courses. Schools do not prepare for the exam, they give the maximum the correct basic set of knowledge, on the basis of which you can still work out
To oge calmly prepares himself. Take and decide-decide tickets. There is nothing complicated in the oge, it is not worth spending money for nothing .... And I am already preparing for the oge with teachers.
Section: USE and other exams (USE in social studies). social science. Have you ever had the experience of passing unnecessary exams without even the slightest preparation? Last year, my daughter took social studies. Not a day with a tutor, on courses, etc., only school ...
History and social studies - how to cook. USE and other exams. Teenagers. You can find out more about the conditions for preparing for the Unified State Examination on the website of the Pythagoras tutoring center [link-1] Registration for all courses is made through the website.
Recommend trusted tutors in social studies, English and Russian to prepare for the exam. The boy is in 11th grade. If the tutor is really good, we will go to any area, or consider Skype lessons.
Effective preparation for the exam in social science. We choose the option of effective training in the hostel for the next year. Recommend trusted tutors in social studies, English and Russian to prepare for the exam.
Discussion
My friend's child had a very good tutor in social studies, the girl passed the exam with 97 points, although she studied for the last year in the village and the level was low. Moreover, they were engaged in only six months and remotely - the tutor lives in Moscow. I can get contacts if anyone needs it.
The exam in social studies consists of two parts, which in total contain 29 tasks.
First part contains 20 tasks with a short answer.
The answer to the tasks of the first part is given by the corresponding entry in the form of a word or phrase or a sequence of numbers written without spaces and separating characters.
Tasks 1-3 - conceptual tasks of the basic level - are aimed at testing the knowledge and understanding of the biosocial essence of a person, the main stages and factors of the socialization of the individual, the patterns and trends in the development of society, the main social institutions and processes.
Tasks 4–19 of the basic and advanced levels are aimed at testing the formation of skills:
- characterize from scientific positions, the main social objects (facts, phenomena, processes, institutions), their place and significance in the life of society as an integral system
- search social information presented in various sign systems (text, scheme, table, diagram)
- apply socio-economic and humanitarian knowledge in the process of solving cognitive tasks on topical social problems
The tasks of this group represent the traditional five thematic modules of the social science course:
- man and society, including knowledge and spiritual culture (tasks 4–6)
- economics (tasks 7–10)
- social relations (tasks 11, 12)
- politics (tasks 13–15)
- law (tasks 16–19)
The second part contains 9 tasks with a detailed answer.
In the tasks of the second part, the answer is formulated and recorded by the examinee independently in expanded form. The tasks of this part of the work are aimed at identifying graduates with the highest level of social science training.
The tasks of the second part (21-29) together represent the basic social sciences that form the social science course of a secondary school (social philosophy, economics, sociology, political science, social psychology, jurisprudence.
Distribution of tasks by parts of the examination paper
| Parts of work | Number of tasks | Maximum primary score | Job type |
| 1 part | 20 | 35 | Short answer |
| part 2 | 9 | 27 | Detailed response |
| Total | 19 | 62 |
Time
Allotted for the examination work 3 hours 55 minutes.
Recommended time to complete various tasks:
- for each of tasks 1–3, 10: 1–4 minutes
- for each of tasks 4-9, 11-28: 2-8 minutes
- for task 29: 45 minutes
Irina Bablenkova, Vadim Akimov, Elena Surova
Social studies: all topics for preparing for the exam
Introduction
In recent years, interest in legal and economic education has increased significantly in our country. This is due, in particular, to the fact that the economic, social, spiritual, political problems of society today are becoming large-scale. They can and should be decided on the scale of the whole society or, at least, its large groups responsible for the consequences of the decisions made.
It is clear that young people want to have a clearer idea of where and how the mechanism and methods for solving problems facing society are developed, what exactly these problems are, what is the true essence of the activity of the political behavior of the masses, how the market functions, what the state budget is, how it controls all spheres of public life civil society and how it is formed and provides legal protection to the population. Many, many questions. And to solve them, it is necessary to get training in the field of methodology and methods of scientific research, develop the necessary worldview and value criteria, master the skills of working with categories, terms, definitions.
Social science is a branch of knowledge that combines specific sciences that study various aspects of the structure and functioning of society. They are therefore called social or social sciences. The social sciences include:
– cultural studies;
– sociology;
- political science;
- economy;
- jurisprudence,
as well as history, economic geography, ethnology, etc. The social sciences should be distinguished from the humanities, which study not society and man's place in it, but man himself and the phenomena associated with him and generated by him. It is customary to include linguistics, music theory and architecture theory, and psychology among the humanities.
Of course, there is a lot in common between these sciences, and therefore, at their junctions, such new scientific and educational disciplines as social psychology, cultural anthropology, and art history emerge.
Any discipline has its object and its subject. An object is that part of reality, the reality that science studies. Therefore, we can easily determine what is the object of biology - the science of living things, chemistry - the science of matter, jurisprudence - the science of law. But cultural studies, sociology, history, economics, political science and some other disciplines have one object - society. Social, economic, political and spiritual spheres of society are closely interconnected. Therefore, they began to distinguish between sciences according to their subject, that is, a specific, special view of the object. It is important from which side, with the use of which research techniques and methods the object is considered. So, culturology raises the question of the type of culture of a given society, the presence of signs of civilization in it, sociology chooses interaction within society as its subject, political science is interested in power relations and management in society, etc.
As a rule, the basics of the following social disciplines are included in the social studies course for students of secondary educational institutions and for university entrants: sociology, political science, economics, cultural studies, the theory of civilizations, and jurisprudence.
The manual offered to the reader's attention corresponds to the program on social science and the State Standard and includes sections: the basics of philosophical knowledge, the theory of civilizations, cultural studies, political science, sociology, economics, the theory of state and law. Further, along with the questions for self-control that have become traditional, completing the sections of the manual, as well as sample tasks for preparing for the unified state exam (USE), the manual includes as an application the test tasks used at the All-Russian State Tax Academy of the Ministry of Finance of Russia as tasks for entrance exams. exams. Appeal to this part of the manual is intended to become a kind of "dress rehearsal" at the stage of preparation for the exam, allows you to evaluate your knowledge of the course as a whole.
Working with this manual will be useful for the formation of the economic and political culture of students. Social science education is one of the ways of timely socialization of the individual, introduction to democratic values. Such education is the first condition for awakening the consolidating forces of society, bringing them to creativity as a collective subject of politics.
Fundamentals of Philosophy
Philosophy, its subject and role in society
Philosophy in the system of knowledge about society
The course of social studies is integrative. It combines philosophical, sociological, economic, cultural, political science and jurisprudence knowledge into an integral system. Most of the listed sciences did not exist as separate disciplines until the 19th century: sociology, economics, cultural studies, and political science were branches of philosophical knowledge. Since ancient times, philosophy has united the conclusions of various sciences, as Aristotle said, it was the "queen of sciences." And in modern conditions it is useful to study the social sciences, having at least the most general ideas about philosophy. Therefore, it is with this section that we will begin our guide.
The emergence of philosophy and the formation of its subject
Philosophy, according to the etymological-terminological definition-translation from ancient Greek, is "the love of wisdom." Most often it is defined as "the science of the universal laws of nature, society and thought." It is assumed that the term "philosophy" was introduced by Pythagoras, who believed that wisdom in its entirety is the property of divine powers, and a mortal person can only love higher wisdom and strive for it. Those who love wisdom and strive for it, Pythagoras called philosophers. From this point of view, the essence of philosophy lies in the eternal human curiosity, in the need for perfect knowledge. Moreover, according to this understanding of philosophy, philosophy itself is not wisdom, but only the search for wisdom, the desire for it.
How, where and why did philosophy originate? This is a special and controversial issue, to which the best minds of mankind turn in different eras. They consider specific historical premises, some pre-philosophical forms of worldview (mythology, primitive cults and beliefs, mysticism). It is clear that philosophy a special form of social consciousness arose from the need to obtain a holistic, logically substantiated, convincing knowledge of the world around in terms of generalizations and conclusions. This knowledge must be:
- systematized according to the idea of the world as a whole and its parts;
- logical by the method of justification;
- as broad as possible (universal) in terms of its conclusions and results.
Consistency, logical validity (consistency) and universality of provisions and conclusions are the distinctive features of philosophical knowledge.
The study of the history of philosophy shows that with the spread of writing in various centers of the emerging civilization, stable forms of proto-philosophy began to form. Ancient India and China, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece and Rome are recognized as such centers. The birth of philosophy took place more than two and a half thousand years ago.
Since then, the main efforts of philosophical thought have been aimed at finding the higher principle and meaning of being, determining the relationship of man to God, solving the problems of consciousness, clarifying the idea of the soul, determining the nature and limits of knowledge, and outlining the solution of moral problems. Such, in general terms, is the substantive self-determination of philosophy.
The subject of philosophy is not just one aspect of being, but everything that is in its entirety of content and meaning. Philosophy is aimed at establishing an internal connection and unity of the constituent parts, elements of the world.
Philosophy is therefore considered not only as a special way of man's knowledge of everything that exists, but also
- as a specific form of worldview;
- as a form of social consciousness;
- as a doctrine about the general principles of being and cognition, about the relationship of man to the world;
- as a science of the most general laws of development of nature, society and thinking;
- as a doctrine of the methods of cognitive activity;
- as a special kind of spiritual activity that forms public consciousness, comprehensively, in the most general terms (universals), posing and resolving fundamental worldview issues.
Most philosophers agree that philosophy is a science. Concrete science as a kind of empirical (experimental) and theoretical knowledge of reality deals with certain concepts, judgments, conclusions, principles, patterns, hypotheses and theories. The subject of philosophy is the universal in the interaction of man and the world, and no other science is engaged in the study of this.
There is an opinion among schoolchildren that social science is the easiest subject of the exam. Many choose it for this very reason. But this is a delusion that leads away from serious preparation.
Changes in KIM USE 2019 in social studies:
- The wording was detailed and the grading system for task 25 was reworked.
- The maximum score for mission 25 has been increased from 3 to 4.
- Detailed wording of tasks 28, 29, and improved systems
their evaluations. - The maximum primary score for completing the entire work has been increased
from 64 to 65.
How to start preparing for the exam in social studies?
1. Learn theory.
For this, theoretical material is selected for each task, what you need to know and take into account when performing the task. There will be questions with a philosophical bias (individual and society) and sociological (relationships in society). Remember that there are only 8 topics: society
- human
- knowledge
- spiritual sphere (culture)
- social sphere
- economy
- politics
- right
Indicates on what topics the survey will be in assignments. Within each topic, there are many smaller subtopics that you should pay attention to when studying.
To obtain a high result, the examinee must confidently operate with basic concepts and terms. Analyze information provided in the form of graphics. Work with text. Competently reason within the framework of the problem posed, concisely express your thoughts in writing.
Important Tip: in preparation, materials and manuals for 2016 and earlier should not be used, as they have lost their relevance to the updated assignments.
2. Study well the structure of tasks, the system of their evaluation.
The examination paper is divided into two parts:
- Tasks from 1 to 20 requiring a short answer (word, phrase or number);
- Assignments from 21 to 29 - with a detailed answer and mini-essays.
Evaluation of USE assignments in social science was distributed as follows:
- 1 point - for 1, 2, 3, 10, 12 tasks.
- 2 points - 4-9, 11, 13-22.
- 3 points - 23, 24, 26, 27.
- 4 points - 25, 28.
- 6 points - 29.
The maximum you can score is 65 points.
The minimum should be - 43 total points.
Pay special attention to the tasks of the exam with a detailed answer in social studies.
3. Solving the tasks of the exam in social science.
The more test tasks you complete, the stronger your knowledge will be. Tasks are formed on the basis of a demo version from FIPI in social studies. Solve complete and thematic online tests with answers no matter what stage of theory you are at. After registering on the site, check and analyze your mistakes and keep statistics in your personal account, so that later they will not be allowed on the exam.
Exam Success Formula
High scores on the exam = theory + practice + systematic repetition + clearly planned time for classes + desire / will / diligence.
Get ready. Do your best. Strive for success! And then you will succeed.
You will need
- - four hours of free time daily for 2-3 weeks;
- - perseverance and diligence;
- - 2-3 books on social studies by various authors;
- - the necessary regulatory legal acts in the current edition;
- - Internet access.
Instruction
Your best friends for the near future should be patience and perseverance. Social science is a subject, although, but the amount of information that you need to know in order to successfully pass the exam is large, so you will have to work hard to eliminate gaps in knowledge. If you allocate four hours a day for preparation, then in 2-3 weeks you will study the entire course of this subject. But you will have to concentrate as much as possible on the assimilation of information so as not to re-read the same material several times.
Make short cheat sheets. So you will consolidate and generalize the entire array of information. You may not have to use them, but in the process of writing them, you will additionally repeat the most important thing from the entire course. If you are too lazy to make cheat sheets, you can underline the main points of each paragraph with a pencil in the book - re-read, and then carefully erase the pencil with an eraser.
Don't limit yourself to one book - use 2-3 textbooks by different authors. Why is it necessary? How many lawyers, so many opinions. Social science structure of the state and society, authors who have. On only one topic “what comes first: the state or society?” There are several hypotheses that need to be known. If you prepare for the exam using only one book, your knowledge will be limited to the opinion of one particular person on a particular issue. But on the exam, very tricky questions can come across and it is simply necessary to have material for reasoning.
Instruction
If you think about it, it turns out that school students give pretty good ones about preparing for the exam. They basically consist of the following: stay at home and teach, teach and teach again. But from overload, both a nervous breakdown and overwork can occur, which is equally undesirable to experience before the exam. It is better to prepare, but in advance.
Preliminary preparation should begin about a year in advance. I mean for the academic year. As soon as they crossed the first of September, you can immediately start searching. It is most reliable to resort to the help of those who teach in. Such people have much more experience, plus, they can suggest some "tricks" that will help in passing the exam. Again, recommendations are important. When it comes "from outside", you have to take his word for it. But in fact, it is not known what kind of teacher he is and how he teaches.
too, to get 100 points onTasks A1-A4 include the topic "philosophy". To cope with these tasks, you need to get a textbook for and re-read very carefully such topics as "Man", "Society", "Truth" and "Nature".
Tasks A5-A9 - this is the first half, the economy. Task A8 is almost always a task with a schedule. Do not be afraid of him, all the designations will be explained in the task itself.
To answer questions A13-A16 you will have to remember politics. Good knowledge of the constitution is welcome.
And finally, tasks A17-A20 - right. A19 in this section is a challenge.
Remember that there can only be one correct answer in Part A.
2. Part B
The tasks of part B are considered the most difficult, but do not be afraid. Possible "pitfalls" are described below, and forewarned means forearmed.
B1 - a task in which you need to insert the missing word. Most likely, you will find a table with definitions there, so do not be lazy to repeat the terms more often! For this task, if it is done correctly, - 1 point.
B2 - choose two terms that fall out of the logical series, in other words, remove the excess. Also worth 1 point.
B3 - task to establish compliance. Correctly executed, will replenish your piggy bank with 2 points. For one mistake - 1 point.
B4 - choose the correct answer from the list. There can be several answers here: both 3 and 4 out of, say, 6. It is also evaluated as B3.
B5 will not cause difficulties if there are no problems with Russian. And the meaning of the task is in determining the type of text: fact, theory or assessment. A little hint: if there are numbers ( , for example), then this is a fact. If there is a turnover "I believe" or "opinion" - score.
B6 - insert missing words. And again terminology to help you!
Task B7 - similar to B4. It is evaluated in the same way as B6, B5: 1-2 points.
Well, the easiest thing is to find a generalizing word - task B8. Well, it is estimated accordingly - 1 point.
Important! In the answer sheet for exams and history, numbers are entered without spaces, periods, commas! Remember what their computer checks.
3. Part C
С1-С4 - work with text. The first two are carried out strictly according to the text, in C3 and C4 you also need to add your knowledge. The maximum number of points for C1 is 2, for C3 and C4 - 3.
In task C5, you will need to reveal the meaning of the concept and make two sentences on the topic. The maximum you can score is 2 points.
C6 - signs of a phenomenon. You will get 3 points for a correct answer.
A correctly solved problem C7 will also bring 3 points. The theme is impossible to guess.
C8 - make a plan. Students do not like this task, although it is also highly appreciated - 3 points.
C9 - essay. You will be given a choice of 5 statements on 5 topics: philosophy, economics, sociology and social law. It is categorically not recommended to choose philosophy: this is a very vague topic and most of those who choose this topic, according to statistics, only wrote in vain on the sheets without getting a single point. And so - to your taste. In any case, do not ignore this task. Even if you just reveal the meaning of the statement, you will already get 1 point. The volume of your essay is not limited, require as many sheets of paper as you need: you are required to issue them. And write legibly: Part C tasks are checked by people.
So, now you know what awaits you, which means that nothing prevents you from calmly and productively preparing.
Break a leg! Good luck with exams!
Related videos
Sources:
- USE in SOCIAL SCIENCE Features of KIM 2009
