On the day of the Russian Guards, the number of people celebrating the holiday with reverence and pain in their hearts is increasing every year, and there are many good reasons for this, dating back to the beginning of 1700.
Day of the Russian Guard
The Day of the Russian Guard was officially established in accordance with the Decree of the President of Russia dated December 22, 2000 under No. 2032 "On the establishment of the Day of the Russian Guard" . The rich history of the guards, carried through 300 years of constant struggle for the honor and freedom of the Motherland, was the reason for establishing a holiday date. Thanks to this holiday, the authority of military service rises to a qualitatively new level, the observance of military traditions helps to maintain morale.
Guards regiments have long been the pride of the armed forces. They are distinguished by special valor, the will to win, value orientations and a single fighting spirit, standing up for the defense of the Motherland in order to maintain its interests.
Day of the Russian Guard - the history of traditions
Peter the Great was famous not only for his love of shipbuilding and bringing the Russian fleet to a new level.
It was thanks to his efforts that the Russian guard was created in 1700. Timely gathering under the banners made it possible to test the strength of the guardsmen during the Navar battle of November 19, 1700.
In it, the recruits were able to demonstrate their fighting spirit and strength in action. With each passing year, the authority of the Guards became more and more important. Proving superiority over her enemies in the battles of 1702 and 1704, she secured the title of the best warriors in Russia. The Poltava battle with the army of the Swedish king Charles XII, which took place in 1709, was the beginning of the end of Swedish domination in Europe and the consolidation of the status of indestructible authority for the Russian state. This day of the Russian guards has become a landmark. She was given honor and praise, since it was thanks to her merits that the turning point in the Northern War occurred.
For a long time, it was only possible to move from the guards to the status of officers. Training in the military craft in the guards regiments became a harsh school for future officer cadres. Although, even the general staff sought to acquire the proud title of guardsmen. But, it was possible to obtain it only in case of special differences during hostilities. If there were any, then the generals provided themselves with the honorary rank of Lieutenant Colonel of the Preobrazhensky Regiment. It gave them many prerogatives, including in the political life of the state. This is also evidenced by the fact that, according to the Table of Ranks, guards officers had a two-rank advantage over the active army.
Every year the size of the army increased. During the life of Peter the Great, five full-fledged battalions were formed. In 1813, a decision was made in favor of the formation of the Young Guard. It included two grenadier and one cuirassier regiment, distinguished by special courage during the battles in 1712. So, along with the Old Guard, the Young Guard became no less prestigious place of service.
By the beginning of the 20th century, the main active units of the guard were:
12 infantry regiments;
4 rifle regiments;
13 cavalry regiments;
naval crew;
3 artillery brigades;
sapper battalion.
In whatever military operations the Russian Empire took part, the guards regiments were in the forefront, protecting the interests of their state and defending its integrity. Special uniforms spoke of the merits of soldiers during previous wars. The guardsmen became models of honor, dignity and discipline of the army of the Empire.
Every day of the Russian guard was marked by feats and the will to win.
Day of the Russian Guard is the date of new military exploits of the Soviet troops
The Great Patriotic War could not do without the participation of the Soviet guards. During the fighting near Smolensk in 1941, for special merits, four motorized rifle divisions, which demonstrated special tactical skills and courage in battle, received the title of Guards on September 18 of the same year. Against the backdrop of the events that took place, taking into account the order of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command, the organization of guards mortar units began.
Many glorious heroes who sacrificed their lives for the victory of their homeland are inscribed in history. I.N. Kozhedub, A.M. Matrosov, V.S. Petrov, A.P. Maresyev and thousands of other guards fought gloriously for their ideals and their homeland, increasing the military merits of their faithful companions.
How brave the soldiers of the guard units were was evidenced not only by the special banners under which the guardsmen entered the battle, but also by a special badge testifying to their military exploits, which became a distinctive feature in May 1942. During the Great Patriotic War, about 5,000 military units, ships, and associations received the proud status of guards. On the day of the Russian guard, the date of the celebration coincided with numerous enemy attacks, which were brilliantly repulsed and counterattacked.
After the end of the war, the Soviet guard did not lose its significance. And although military operations were not meant in peacetime, the traditions of the Russian Guard were not lost. They became successive and passed down from generation to generation in separate military formations. Guard formations for a long time were located in the border areas, protecting the integrity of the state and keeping order. Ships and divisions with special merits to the motherland were to be located in the capitals of all Union republics, as a guarantee of security and peace in the regions.
Recruits called up to serve in the guards proudly accepted the title "Guardsman" and took an oath of allegiance to their homeland and promised not to disgrace the memory and honor of their predecessors in the glorious cause of defending the homeland.
Day of the Russian Guard the number of defenders of the Motherland is growing
At the turn of the century, the Russian guard did not lose its significance. Only brave warriors can serve in it, clearly knowing that they are ready to take any actions that can support its integrity and interests in order to protect the Motherland. From the experience of their predecessors, modern guardsmen adopt not only honor and valor, but also special awards and decals that testify to the military merits of the owner. Every year more and more young people come to the ranks of the guardsmen who are able not in word, but in deed to prove their skills and loyalty to the Country.
The armed forces of Russia, in particular the guard formations, are currently undergoing qualitative changes. Particular attention is paid not only to the organizational structure, but also to changing the principles of manning, providing special types of military equipment and maximum combat training.
Particular attention, among the guards formations, of modern times, deserves 45th Special Purpose Guards Regiment. He went a long way through the First and Second Chechen wars, the Georgian-Abkhazian and Georgian-Ossetian conflicts. To this day, heroes serve in it, capable of coming to the rescue of their homeland at any time and demonstrating their exceptional skills in practice.
September 2 Russian Guard Day is not an easy date. On this day, they honor the heroes who managed to go through the warriors with unshakable fortitude, an indefatigable desire for victory and willingness to give their lives in the name of the ideals of the Motherland. Honor and praise to the heroes of past and present years!
The Day of the Russian Guard is usually celebrated on September 2. The reason for the official recognition of this holiday was the 300th anniversary of the Russian Guards. The Decree "On the Establishment of the Day of the Russian Guards" was signed by Vladimir Putin on December 22, 2000.
The Imperial Guard, consisting of the Semenovsky and Preobrazhensky regiments, appeared in Russia during the reign of Peter I. In 1918 it was disbanded and created again only during the Patriotic War. Military units, formations of the Armed Forces and ships that distinguished themselves in battles were awarded the title of "Guards".
The modern Russian guards include the Kantemirovskaya tank division, the Taman motorized rifle division, the separate Sevastopol motorized rifle brigade, the Carpathian-Berlin motorized rifle division, airborne line formations, units and ships of the Navy, units of the air force and ground forces.
You defend your homeland with dignity,
You are always moving forward.
Sometimes you are not at home for a long time,
You protect your people.
After all, somewhere your wife and children are waiting for you,
As long as you go on the attack and into battle.
For them, you are the best in the world,
You are the strongest, you are a hero.
On the day of the guard, I want to congratulate you,
May all dreams come true today
And I hasten to add to congratulations -
After all, hope for the country is you!
Happy Russian Guard Day
Congratulations to the guards
Elite of our army,
You are her honor and glory.
you dedicated yourself
Serving the Fatherland
Ready for the Motherland
You give your life.
I wish the guardsmen
I am fighting glory,
Let the country sleep in peace
Behind your back.
Under the command of your life passes,
The word "should!" - important now
Thoughts about the house wander in my head,
You think about us all the time.
We miss you son
We are waiting for calls and very much looking forward to meeting,
Every evening we remember something
Sitting next to my dad.
We congratulate you today
Happy Day of the Russian Guard, dear,
Joy, good luck to you,
And only love, earthly.
Today is the Day of the Russian Guard,
I want to wish every guardsman.
So that in this life he was happy,
I send success and joy to all of you.
Let everything be calm at home
Strong to have a family.
So that efforts are not in vain,
Fate has been good to you.
We celebrate the holiday of the Russian Guards not in vain,
You chose the path of a guardsman, my best friend, for yourself.
You are a brave warrior of the country, all tasks are on the shoulder,
Congratulations! I want to wish you a lot of happiness!
Day of the Russian Guard
Let's celebrate widely!
Parade, concert, fireworks -
We have fun and it's easy!
We wish you bright days
Kindness, smiles, happiness!
So that life is full of joy
Maneuvering past misfortunes!
In the time of Peter once
Date established in Russia.
The day of the guard has come now,
I congratulate you from the bottom of my heart.
Let what is meant to happen
Separation after trouble will rush off,
Let all sorrows become a dream
Good luck, happiness, peace in the house!
Pride for the Fatherland,
Model for the army and navy,
You always follow the oath strictly,
You have a dangerous job.
Glory to our guard for vigilant service,
For military training, for glory and honor.
Young men today need to take an example from you,
The guardsmen have an invincible spirit!
September 2 is the Day of the Russian Guards, established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 22, 2000 in order to revive and develop domestic military traditions, to increase the prestige of military service.
It is included in the list of memorable days by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 31, 2006 "On the Establishment of Professional Holidays and Memorial Days in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation."
The guard (from the Italian guardia - guard, guard) was traditionally called the selected, privileged, best trained and equipped part of the troops. It arose in the form of armed detachments, consisting directly of the monarchs, often performing the functions of his personal guards. This part of the troops was also assigned the most difficult tasks in the course of hostilities.
In the same year, Peter I established the Life Guards (from the German leib - the first part of a compound word, meaning - directly under the monarch) as the personal guard of the monarch and the honorary name of selected privileged military units. Existed until March 1917. This name was worn by almost all guards units of the Russian army.
The guard received its baptism of fire in the Battle of Narva in 1700 (Northern War of 1700-1721), where it saved the Russian army from complete annihilation. Then she participated in all the wars waged by Russia since the 18th century. With their stamina and courage, the guardsmen earned fame not only in their own country, but also the rave reviews of the allies. In peacetime, the guards carried out internal service, participated in the protection of the royal family, guards, parades, campaigns within Russia, in camps and carried out various assignments.
For a long time, the guardsmen did not have any advantages in ranks with the rest of the troops. However, after the approval of the table of ranks at the beginning of 1722, the officers of the guards regiments received the seniority of two ranks against the army.
Compared with other military units, the guard had differences in uniforms, weapons, and enjoyed significant privileges and advantages. Her support predetermined the success of all the palace coups of that time.
Guards regiments trained officers for the entire army and were initially staffed almost exclusively by noblemen. From the mid-1730s, the rank and file of the guard also began to be replenished with recruits from the tax-paying estates (peasants and philistines who paid a poll tax), and after the release of the manifesto on liberties to the nobility (1762), this method became the main one.
Soldiers were selected for the guards primarily for skillful use of weapons, for "quick mind", courage and bravery in battle.
Good physical data were also taken into account.
The number and composition of the guard constantly increased. In 1813, in addition to the Old Guard, the Young Guard was established with fewer advantages over the army (its officers received seniority of one rank). This order existed until the end of the 19th century, when Alexander III curtailed the privileges of the guard - the seniority of the officers of the Young Guard was abolished, and the Old Guard was reduced to one rank.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Russian guard consisted of 12 infantry, four rifle and 13 cavalry regiments, three artillery brigades, one engineer battalion, a naval crew and several guard ships. During the First World War of 1914-1918, she suffered heavy losses in personnel.
The Guard ceased to exist along with the Russian army after the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on March 3, 1918 by the Soviet government.
The National Guard received its second birth during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. On September 18, 1941, by decision of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense for mass heroism, courage of personnel, high military skill shown during the bloody battles of the Smolensk battle near Yelnya, four rifle divisions (100, 127, 153 and 161) received the name guards. In the future, units, ships, formations and associations that distinguished themselves in battles and battles of the Great Patriotic War received the name of the guards.
In the Navy, this honorary title on January 5, 1942 was the first to be awarded to the 71st Marine Rifle Brigade.
Units and formations that were awarded guards ranks were awarded special guards banners, and ships were awarded the guards naval flag. On May 21, 1942, the badge "Guard" was established for the military personnel of the guards units, and for the guardsmen of the fleet - a rectangular plate with an orange moire ribbon with black longitudinal stripes. At the same time, guards military ranks were introduced.
Guard formations took an active part in all the decisive battles of the Great Patriotic War and made a significant contribution to the victory. During the war years, 11 combined arms and six tank armies became guards; one horse-mechanized group; 42 rifle, seven cavalry, 12 tank, nine mechanized and 13 aviation corps; 124 rifle, 10 airborne, 17 cavalry, six artillery, 62 aviation divisions, seven rocket artillery divisions, six anti-aircraft artillery divisions; 339 rifle, 37 mechanized, 20 motorized rifle, 245 tank, 76 anti-tank, 177 rocket artillery, 101 self-propelled artillery, 65 airborne, six engineering brigades and regiments, one railway brigade; 60 cavalry, 325 artillery, 284 aviation regiments, 58 anti-aircraft artillery regiments, 86 naval formations, including 34 ships; a large number of units of various branches of the military.
In the guards units, there was an organizational and staffing structure different from others. With the end of the war, distinctions in the states of formations and units were abolished. In peacetime, the transformation of military formations into guards is not carried out. However, in order to preserve military traditions, the guards rank of units, ships, formations and associations during the reorganization was transferred to new military formations, but only if there was direct succession in terms of personnel.
In the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the name of the Guards is retained by units, ships and formations as an honorary one. Currently, more than 100 military units and formations of the army and navy have the honorary title of "Guards".
Material prepared on the basis of informationopen sources
(Additional
Banners and standards of the Russian guard (18-19 century) In the XVIII century, the guard took part in the Northern (1700-1721) and Russian-Swedish (1741-1743) wars. Separate consolidated detachments of the guard participated in the Russian-Turkish (1735-1739 and 1787-1791), Russian-Swedish (1788-1790) wars. The guards had great political influence, actively participated in the palace coups of the 18th century. Guards regiments trained officers for the entire army and were staffed almost exclusively by noblemen, for whom military service was mandatory. From the mid-1730s, the rank and file of the guard began to be replenished with recruits from taxable estates, and after the release of the manifesto on liberties to the nobility (1762), this method became the main one. (Military Encyclopedia. Chairman of the Main Editorial Commission S.B. Ivanov. Military Publishing. Moscow. In 8 volumes 2004 ISBN 5 203 01875 - 8) Banners and standards of the Russian Guard (18-19 century) Soldiers were selected for the guard in the first turn for skillful use of weapons, for "quick mind", courage and bravery in battle. Good physical data were also taken into account. As an elite part of the Russian army, the guard enjoyed great privileges. According to the Table of Ranks (1722), guard officers had seniority over army officers in 2 ranks. In 1813, in addition to the Old Guard, the Young Guard was established. This name was originally given to two grenadier and one cuirassier regiments for military distinctions in the Patriotic War of 1812. The officers of these regiments were given an advantage of one rank over the army. This order existed until the end of the 19th century, when Alexander III curtailed the privileges of the guard: the seniority of the officers of the Young Guard was abolished, and the Old Guard was reduced to 1 rank. The privilege of the guard, its difference from ordinary army units, was emphasized by the special status of service, a special uniform, and special insignia. Each guards regiment, each individual guards unit had its own uniform and its own sign, as well as stripes, pennants, standards and banners. Since the beginning of the 19th century, the St. Andrew's Star has served as a symbol of the Russian guard, on which the symbol "For Faith and Loyalty" was inscribed. In the 19th century, the guard in full force participated in all the wars that Russia waged with Napoleon. At the beginning of the 20th century, individual parts of the guard took part in the Chinese campaign of 1900 and the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905. During the First World War (1914-1918), the troops of the guard successfully operated in the Battle of Galicia, Warsaw, Ivangorod and Lodz operations, and participated in other operations. The soldiers of the guard units bore the hardships of the war along with the entire army. In the history of the Russian guard there were also examples of armed actions of its units against the ruling regime. The first of these occurred in 1825, when some units of the guard took part in the Decembrist uprising on Senate Square in St. Petersburg. However, most of the guards did not support the uprising. In the February Revolution of 1917, the soldiers of almost all the spare infantry units of the guard of the Petrograd garrison went over to the side of the rebels, which greatly contributed to its victory. In the October armed uprising of 1917 in Petrograd, soldiers of the Izmailovsky, Grenadier, Volynsky and other guards regiments took an active part. For more than two centuries of the history of the Russian Guards, its organizational structure has changed several times while maintaining a steady trend towards an increase in numbers, composition and combat capabilities. If in 1700 the guard had only 2 regiments (with a total number of 3 thousand people), then in 1812 there were 12 regiments, an artillery brigade and several other units (18 thousand people). In 1914, the guard already included 7 large formations (about 50 units, over 90 thousand people). The guard ceased to exist along with the Russian army after the Brest Peace of 1918. September 18, 1941 is considered the birthday of the Soviet Guards, when, in accordance with the decision of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command for mass heroism, the courage of personnel, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR, the 100th, 127th, 153rd and 161st rifle divisions were renamed respectively 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Guards Rifle Divisions. In the future, units, ships, formations and associations that distinguished themselves in battles and battles of the Great Patriotic War received the name of the guards.
Holidays are constant companions of people's life. Holidays for us are an opportunity to bring joy to loved ones! And of course, a holiday is not a calendar concept, it takes place where it is felt, where it is expected. Much has changed in our lives in recent years, but people's craving for holidays remains an important phenomenon for any person.
September 2 is celebrated throughout Russia as the Day of the Russian Guard. This holiday was established on December 22, 2000 by President Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin’s decree No. 2032 “On the Establishment of the Day of the Russian Guard” in connection with the tercentenary of the Russian guard in order to revive and develop domestic military traditions and increase the authority of military service.
Russian Imperial Guard: history
Day of the Russian Guards is a great occasion to look at the page of history. How it all began?
The Russian Imperial Guard was established at the beginning of the reign of Peter I from the Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky regiments in 1687. In 1918 it was dissolved. And only during the Great Patriotic War it was recreated again.
The title "Guards" was assigned to military units, ships, formations and associations of the Soviet Armed Forces that distinguished themselves in battles during the Great Patriotic War. The military formation received the guards banner, and the personnel - the guards rank and badge.
The guards were called selected, privileged, best trained and equipped part of the troops. The guard was the core of the army. Armed detachments, which were directly attached to the monarch, often served as his personal guards.
The first mention of the Russian guards units is given in the historical annals of the Russian army, in connection with the military campaigns of the Petrine troops near Azov and Narva. Based on the "Chronicle of the Russian Imperial Army", which was compiled by order of Emperor Nicholas I, it was officially established to call the Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky regiments the Life Guards from September 2 (August 22, old style) 1700. The very name "life guard" was taken from Europe. It consists of two words: the German "leib" - the body and the old German "guard" - protection. Life Guards - royal bodyguards or royal guards.
Guards regiments participated in the battles of the Northern War of 1700-1721, in the Persian campaign of 1722-1723, in the Russian-Turkish wars of 1735-1739. and 1877 - 1879, in the wars with France led by Napoleon and the First World War.
Created by Peter the Great, the Russian guard has gone through a glorious military path, becoming a reliable stronghold of the state.
In 1918, along with the disbandment of the tsarist army, the guards were also destroyed.
The guard experienced its second birth during the Great Patriotic War. In the autumn of 1941, for mass heroism, courage of personnel, high military skill, shown during the bloody battles of the Smolensk battle, by decision of the Headquarters by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR of September 18, 1941 No. 308, four rifle divisions 100th, 127th , 153rd and 161st were renamed the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Guards Divisions. By the end of the Second World War, the Soviet Guard consisted of 11 combined arms and 6 tank armies, 39 rifle, 7 cavalry, 12 tank, 9 mechanized and 13 aviation corps, 128 rifle, 17 cavalry, 47 aviation, 6 anti-aircraft artillery divisions.
Guards banners and badges of the guard: rectangular plates with an orange moire ribbon, with black longitudinal stripes - were awarded to the first guard units on June 19, 1942. Since 1943, the rectangular sign has been replaced by a flag with the inscription "Guard".
The high and honorary guards rank has been retained in the Russian army. Guardsmen of the late XX century. faithful to the laws of the guard, worked out and enshrined by their predecessors. A bright page in the recent history of the Russian guards was the feat of the 6th company of the 104th Guards Airborne Regiment near Ulus-Kert. On February 29, 2000, an event took place that can safely be called decisive for the entire post-Soviet history of our country. On this day, the 6th company of the 104th parachute regiment of the 76th (Pskov) airborne division entered into a deadly battle with a twenty-fold superior enemy at an altitude of 776.0 in the area of the Chechen village of Ulus-Kert. Almost all of them died, but did not retreat, destroying half of the militants who were going to break through.
The Russian Federation also had the experience of creating its own guard - the national one, and this event turned fifteen years old this year.
At a rally near the White House on August 20, 1991, Russian citizens spontaneously began to enroll in detachments and units of the Russian guard. Guided by paragraph 11 of Article 121-5 of the Constitution of the RSFSR, by the decisions of the Extraordinary Session of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of August 21-23, the President of the RSFSR Boris Yeltsin instructed the Vice-President of the RSFSR Alexander Rutskoi to proceed with the formation of the Russian guard to strengthen the protection of the constitutional order and democratic gains, create additional guarantees law and order in the country.
In accordance with the instructions of the President, a working group was created in the secretariat of Alexander Rutskoy to develop regulatory documents for the creation of the Russian guard, then a Commission was organized to develop the Concept of the draft law on the Russian guard. The Commission, having analyzed the situation in the country after the events of August 19-21, having studied the world and Russian practice of creating and functioning of units and units of the National Guard, determined that the state mechanism existing at that time is clearly insufficient to ensure the normal functioning of public authorities and their protection and requires significant improvement. One of the types of work in this direction would be the creation of a working group directly subordinate to the highest official and head of executive power - the President of the RSFSR.
Today, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation include the Kantemirovskaya Guards Tank Division, the Taman Guards Motorized Rifle Division, the Carpathian-Berlin Guards Motorized Rifle Division; guards separate motorized rifle Sevastopol brigade; guards formations of the airborne forces, other guards units and ships of the navy.
The high and honorary guard rank has been retained in the army of the new Russia. And today the guard is a symbol of honor, courage, valor, loyalty and heroism. The guardsmen of the late twentieth century are faithful to the laws of the guard, developed and enshrined by their predecessors.
The guards of the Russian army proudly carry honorary titles on their banners, reminding us of the glorious days of the past.
We congratulate Russia on the holiday, on the Day of the Russian Guard!
