Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev was born on November 23 (December 5), 1803 in the estate of Ovstug, Oryol province.
In Tyutchev's biography, primary education was received at home. He studied the poetry of ancient Rome and Latin. Then he studied at the University of Moscow in the department of literature.
After graduating from the university in 1821, he began working at the College of Foreign Affairs. As a diplomat he goes to Munich. Subsequently, the poet spends 22 years abroad. Tyutchev's great and most important love in life, Eleanor Peterson, was also met there. In marriage, they had three daughters.
The beginning of the literary path
The first period in the work of Tyutchev falls on 1810-1820. Then youthful poems were written, very archaic and similar to the poetry of the last century.
The second period of the writer's work (20s - 40s) is characterized by the use of forms of European romanticism and Russian lyrics. His poetry during this period becomes more original.
Return to Russia
The third period of his work was the 50s - early 70s. Tyutchev's poems during this period are not published, and he writes his works mainly on political topics.
The biography of Fyodor Tyutchev at the end of the 1860s was unsuccessful both in his personal life and in his creative one. Tyutchev's collection of lyrics published in 1868, in short, did not receive much popularity.
Death and legacy
Troubles broke him, his health deteriorated, and on July 15, 1873, Fedor Ivanovich died in Tsarskoye Selo. The poet was buried in St. Petersburg at the Novodevichy cemetery.
Tyutchev's poetry has a little over 400 poems. The theme of nature is one of the most common lyrics of the poet. So landscapes, dynamism, the diversity of seemingly living nature are shown in such works by Tyutchev: "Autumn", "Spring Waters", "Enchant Winter", as well as many others. The image of not only nature, but also the mobility, the power of streams, along with the beauty of water against the sky, is shown in Tyutchev's poem "Fountain".
Tyutchev's love lyrics are another of the poet's most important themes. Violence of feelings, tenderness, tension are manifested in Tyutchev's poems. Love, as a tragedy, as painful experiences, is presented by the poet in poems from a cycle called "Denisiev" (composed of poems dedicated to E. Denisiev, the poet's beloved).
Tyutchev's poems, written for children, are included in the school curriculum and are studied by students of different classes.
He was born in November 1803 in the Oryol province. Little Fedor received his first education at home, his home tutor was the famous translator and poet Semyon Raich.
From an early age, Tyutchev showed an interest in poetry and languages. He studied the lyrics of the ancient Roman people and Latin with special enthusiasm, and already at the age of twelve, he independently produced translations of the odes of the famous Horace. At the age of 15, Tyutchev enters the Moscow University at the Verbal Department.
Upon graduation, Tyutchev goes to serve in the State Collegium of Foreign Affairs. Soon, as a diplomatic officer, he was sent to Munich, where the young man met the nee Countess Eleanor Peterson. In 1826, the young lovers entered into a marriage relationship. And a few years later, a magnificent couple, one after another, had three beautiful daughters.
The union of Fyodor Ivanovich and Eleanor was strong and happy, although Fyodor Ivanovich had relations on the side. Perhaps the couple would have lived together for many more years if it were not for the tragic event that occurred on the ship during the trip of the Tyutchev family from St. Petersburg to the city of Turin. The floating craft crashed, the wife and children of Fyodor Ivanovich could die in the cold waters of the Baltic Sea. However, they were lucky. I must say that Eleanor was very organized, almost professional. Thanks to timely measures taken, she was able to save her daughters.
This disaster left a negative imprint on the health of the countess. The painful illnesses provoked by that terrible event brought the young woman to death. In 1838, Fyodor Ivanovich's wife died.
After this marriage with a sad end, the poet found his happiness in the arms of another woman. The second wife of a talented poet was Ernestine Dernberg. Over the following years, Tyutchev continued to engage in active diplomatic activities, and quite succeeded in this matter. He was awarded several times and given prizes, and his journalistic articles, published anonymously, aroused interest not only in ordinary society, but also in the great Russian ruler, Nicholas I.
The political situation in Europe was of interest to Tyutchev until the last days of his life. In 1872, the poet's health deteriorated noticeably, his eyesight began to disappear, the ability to control his hand was lost, and severe pains in his head often began to bother him. In January 1873, despite the warnings of close people, he went for a walk, during which a real disaster happened to him. Suddenly, the left side of the body became paralyzed. After this incident, the poet ceased to make independent movements, and in July of the same year, the talented Russian poet passed away ...
The work of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev
The first poems were written by Tyutchev in the period from 1810 to 1820. Then a very young poet used in his creative approach the style of poetry of the 18th century.Starting from the second half of 1820, Tyutchev's poems acquire an exquisite feature that is characteristic of all subsequent works. He seamlessly blends 18th-century odic poetry with traditional elements of European Romanticism.
More political motifs and a civil treatise appear in Tyutchev's work in 1850. This direction was used by the author until 1870.
The poetry of the famous and talented Russian author is versatile. In his poems, he wonderfully sings of Russia, its picturesque landscapes and the courage of the Russian people. All of Tyutchev's lyrical works were written in Russian. True connoisseurs of brilliant poetry were able to capture the important meaning in his poems and translated them into other languages, treating each line with special attention.
Many call Tyutchev a late romantic. Due to a long stay away from his native land, the poet often experienced alienation and some kind of loss. In the circle of Europeans, Fyodor Ivanovich often felt sad and remembered the country close to his heart, where he spent his happy childhood and the first years of his youth.
Tyutchev's lyrical works can be conditionally divided. The first poems, written at an early age, are based on an independent study of his own personality, where the author forms a worldview to find himself in this big world. The second stage of creative activity is directed to the knowledge and study of the deeper inner worlds of mankind.
Tyutchev's poems are filled with a philosophical outlook, harmoniously combined with landscape lyrics. However, these are not all the topics covered by the author during periods of creative ideas. Tyutchev studied with interest the socio-political life of his native country, as well as European states, making some kind of comparison. He brilliantly conveyed his thoughts and feelings in new poems written with special inspiration and love for Russia.
Love lyrics in the poet's work
Analyzing the creative lyrics of Tyutchev, a clear reflection of the artistic worldview is revealed. His poems are imbued with the sound of a sad tragedy and special drama. These painful sayings are connected with the personal experiences of the great poet. Poems dedicated to the theme of love were written with a sense of experience, special guilt and the characteristic suffering of Fedor Ivanovich, provoked by numerous trials in life.The most famous collection of Tyutchev's lyrical works dedicated to love is the Denisevsky Cycle. This book includes the most frank and sensual poems of the author, filled with a special meaning.
Fedor Ivanovich, already in his declining years, experienced a unique feeling of love for a beautiful woman, Elena Denisyeva. Their love affair had a long character, almost fourteen years, and, despite numerous condemnations of society, Elena and Fedor Ivanovich were inseparable.
The couple in love was separated by the sudden death of Denisyeva, caused by an incurable disease. Even after her death, the poet continued to reproach himself for all the suffering of his beloved woman, founded by human court. The couple did not have a legal relationship, so society categorically refused to accept the vulnerable feelings of these people. Evil slander and slander left bloody wounds in Elena's soul, her torment and pain were clearly reflected in the memory of Fedor Ivanovich. Having lost his beloved woman, until the end of his days he reproached himself for powerlessness and fear, which did not allow the poet to protect Elena from condemnation and human anger.
Fedor Ivanovich transferred his deep feelings into lyrics. Reading Tyutchev's poems from the famous collection "Denisevsky Cycle", one feels the original sincerity, gained through the deep thought of the author. He vividly conveys his emotions in moments of unique, but such fleeting happiness experienced during a love relationship with Elena.
Love, in the work of Tyutchev, is presented as an unusual, exciting and uncontrollable feeling sent from heaven. A vague spiritual attraction, a word soaked in fuel, a torch, suddenly ignites in a fit of passion and tenderness, in the arms of a loved one.
The death of Elena Denisyeva took away all the most daring and joyful dreams of the great poet. He lost not just a loved one, but himself. After her departure, life values ceased to arouse interest in Fedor Ivanovich. All his unbearable pain, as well as idle feelings of joy experienced in moments of passionate meetings with his beloved woman, based on memories, he conveyed in his love lyrical work.
Philosophy and natural motives in the work of Tyutchev
Tyutchev's lyrical works are clearly philosophical in nature. The author shows his double perception of the world, describes the struggle of demonic and ideal judgments taking place in his thoughts. This opinion is vividly expressed in the well-known poem of the author "Day and Night". The opposite meaning is expressed in the comparison of a day filled with joy and happiness, and a night shimmering with sadness and sadness.Tyutchev considered everything light to be the invariable beginning of the dark. The struggle between good and evil cannot end in someone's victory or defeat. This insane battle does not have a definite result, as in human life, the desire to know the truth often provokes a spiritual struggle within oneself. This is the main truth of life...
To describe the multifaceted landscapes of Russian nature, the poet uses the most beautiful epithets. He tenderly sings of her harmonious beauty and the smell of fresh foliage, showing a charming unity with her mood and changeable character.
Reading the poetic works of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev, each reader will be able to find similar features and manners characteristic of him in the seasons. And in the many-sided weather, you can guess the changeability of mood, which is inherent in all people without exception.
The poet brilliantly conveys the feelings of nature, penetratingly feeling her quivering unrest and pain. He does not try to describe her external beauty, but looks deeply into the depths, as if examining her touching soul, conveying to readers all the most lively and incredibly reasonable feelings of the surrounding nature.
Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich (1803-1873), Russian poet. Born on November 23 (December 5), 1803 in the Ovstug estate of the Bryansk district of the Oryol province. in an old noble family. Tyutchev's childhood was spent in the Ovstug estate, in Moscow and the Troitskoye estate near Moscow. A patriarchal landlord life reigned in the family. Tyutchev, who showed an early ability to learn, received a good education at home. His teacher was the poet and translator S.E. Raich (1792-1855), who introduced Tyutchev to the works of antiquity and classical Italian literature. At the age of 12, the future poet, under the guidance of his mentor, translated Horace and wrote odes in imitation of him. For an ode to the new year 1816 in 1818 he was awarded the title of an employee of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature. In the "Proceedings" of the Society in 1819, his first publication took place - a free transcription of the Epistle of Horace to the Maecenas.
In 1819 Tyutchev entered the verbal department of Moscow University. During the years of study, he became close to M. Pogodin, S. Shevyrev, V. Odoevsky. At this time, his Slavophile views began to take shape. As a student, Tyutchev also wrote poetry. In 1821 he graduated from the university and received a seat at the College of Foreign Affairs in St. Petersburg, in 1822 he was appointed supernumerary officer of the Russian diplomatic mission in Munich.
Russian history before Peter the Great is one memorial service; and after Peter - one criminal case.
Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich
In Munich, Tyutchev, as a diplomat, aristocrat and writer, found himself in the center of the cultural life of one of the largest cities in Europe. He studied romantic poetry and German philosophy, became close to F. Schelling, became friends with G. Heine. He translated into Russian poems by G. Heine (the first Russian poet), F. Schiller, J. Goethe and other German poets. Tyutchev published his own poems in the Russian magazine Galatea and the almanac Northern Lyre.
In the 1820s and 1830s, Tyutchev's masterpieces of philosophical lyrics Silentium! (1830), Not what you think, nature... (1836), What are you howling about, night wind? images of nature and thoughts about it, the philosophical and symbolic meaning of the landscape, humanization, spirituality of nature.
In 1836, in Pushkin's journal Sovremennik, on the recommendation of P. Vyazemsky and V. Zhukovsky, it was published signed by F.T. a selection of 24 poems by Tyutchev called Poems sent from Germany. This publication became a milestone in his literary life, brought him fame. Tyutchev responded to the death of Pushkin with prophetic lines: “Well, as your first love, / the heart will not forget Russia” (January 29, 1837).
In 1826, Tyutchev married E. Peterson, then experienced an affair with A. Lerkhenfeld (several poems are dedicated to her, including the famous romance “I met you - and all the past ...” (1870). The romance with E. Dernberg turned out to be so scandalous that Tyutchev was transferred from Munich to Turin. Tyutchev had a hard time with the death of his wife (1838), but soon remarried - to Dernberg, having arbitrarily left for a wedding in Switzerland. For this, he was dismissed from the diplomatic service and deprived of the title of chamberlain.
For several years Tyutchev remained in Germany, in 1844 he returned to Russia. From 1843 he published articles on the pan-Slavic trend Russia and Germany, Russia and the Revolution, the Papacy and the Roman question, and worked on the book Russia and the West. He wrote about the need for an Eastern European Union led by Russia and that it was the confrontation between Russia and the Revolution that would determine the fate of mankind. He believed that the Russian kingdom should stretch "from the Nile to the Neva, from the Elbe to China."
Tyutchev's political views were approved by Emperor Nicholas I. The title of chamberlain was returned to the author, in 1848 he received a position at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in St. Petersburg, in 1858 he was appointed chairman of the Foreign Censorship Committee. In St. Petersburg, Tyutchev immediately became a prominent figure in public life. Contemporaries noted his brilliant mind, humor, talent as an interlocutor. His epigrams, witticisms and aphorisms were on everyone's lips. The rise of Tyutchev's poetic creativity also belongs to this time. In 1850, the Sovremennik magazine reproduced a selection of Tyutchev's poems, once published by Pushkin, and published an article by N. Nekrasov, in which he ranked these poems among the brilliant phenomena of Russian poetry, put Tyutchev on a par with Pushkin and Lermontov. In 1854, 92 Tyutchev's poems were published in the supplement to Sovremennik, and then, on the initiative of I. Turgenev, his first poetry collection was published. Tyutchev's fame was confirmed by many of his contemporaries - Turgenev, A. Fet, A. Druzhinin, S. Aksakov, A. Grigoriev and others. L. Tolstoy called Tyutchev "one of those unfortunate people who are immeasurably higher than the crowd among which they live, and therefore always alone."
Spring is the only revolution in this world worthy of being taken seriously, the only one that at least always succeeds.
Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich
Tyutchev's poetry was defined by researchers as philosophical lyrics, in which, according to Turgenev, the thought "never appears naked and abstract to the reader, but always merges with the image taken from the world of the soul or nature, penetrates it, and itself penetrates it inseparably and inseparably." This feature of his lyrics was fully reflected in the poems Vision (1829), How the ocean embraces the globe of the earth ... (1830), Day and night (1839), etc.
Tyutchev, whose poems, biography and creative path will be discussed below, is an extremely interesting person. It is not for nothing that he is considered one of the best Russian classics, among which he occupies at least a place of honor. He became famous not only as a poet, but also as a diplomat in the service of Russia, and also (albeit to a lesser extent) as a publicist and corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Like many, his relationships with women were intricate, one might say, creative and did not fit into the framework of philistine morality. There were mistakes and tragic moments on the poet's life path.
F.I. Tyutchev, biography. A Brief History of Young Years
Fyodor Tyutchev saw the light in the Ovstug family estate of the Bryansk district on December 5, 1803. You could say he was a child prodigy. He knew Latin, was fond of it, and at the age of 13 he was translating the poems of Horace. At the age of fourteen he became a free student of the Verbal Department of Moscow University, and at 16 he became a member of the Student Society of Russian Literature Lovers. Having received a diploma in 1821, Tyutchev gets a good place - the work of an attaché (albeit freelance) in Bavaria, at the Russian diplomatic mission.
In Munich, he does not give details) meets Heine and Schelling, as well as Novalis. The latter subsequently had a very great influence on the poet's work. In 1826, a young Russian diplomat marries Countess Eleanor Peterson. Three daughters were born from this marriage. In 1937, the family suffers a shipwreck. To save his wife and daughters, Ivan Turgenev, who turned out to be a passenger on the same ship, helps Tyutchev. But the catastrophe fatally affected Peterson's health, and she died in 1838.
Three Muses
Although eyewitnesses say that Tyutchev turned gray overnight at the coffin of his wife, the very next year he enters into a new marriage - with the recently widowed Baroness Ernestine Pfeffel-Dernberg. There is evidence that he had a connection with her during the life of Eleanor. In addition to these two ladies, the poet dedicated many lyrical poems to a certain E. A. Denisyeva. Which of these three women Tyutchev loved the most, the biography - a brief history of his life - is silent about this.
Return to Russia
On behalf of the Russian Foreign Ministry until 1844, Tyutchev was actively engaged in promoting an active image of Russia in the West. He writes his first journalistic works: "Letter to Mr. Dr. Kolb", "Note to the Tsar", "Russia and the Revolution" and others. In Russia, he took the place of senior censor at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1858 he rose to the rank of real state councilor.
Being a tough censor and an ardent supporter of the Russian empire, Tyutchev (a brief biography of the poet is full of such oddities) nevertheless belonged to Belinsky's circle and was published in the Sovremennik magazine. In December 1872, the Privy Councilor felt a sharp deterioration in his health. Headaches began to haunt him, his left hand lost sensitivity, his eyesight weakened. On January 1, 1873, he had a stroke that half paralyzed the poet. On July 15 of the same year, Tyutchev died, and this happened in Tsarskoye Selo. The classic is buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.
Poet Tyutchev: biography and creativity
Researchers of Tyutchev's works and style believe that his path as a creator can be divided into three periods. Youthful poems (before 1820) are archaic in style. The second period (1820-40s) is odic poetry, in which the features of European romanticism are intertwined. After a 10-year break in writing poetry, the third, mature period (1850-70) begins. The "Denisiev cycle" of love lyrics is being created, political works are being written.
TYUTCHEV, FYODOR IVANOVICH(1803–1873), Russian poet. Born on November 23 (December 5), 1803 in the Ovstug estate of the Bryansk district of the Oryol province. in an old noble family. Tyutchev's childhood was spent in the Ovstug estate, in Moscow and the Troitskoye estate near Moscow. A patriarchal landlord life reigned in the family. Tyutchev, who showed an early ability to learn, received a good education at home. His teacher was the poet and translator S.E. Raich (1792–1855), who introduced Tyutchev to the works of antiquity and classical Italian literature. At the age of 12, the future poet, under the guidance of his mentor, translated Horace and wrote odes in imitation of him. For an ode For the new year 1816 in 1818 he was awarded the title of an employee of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature. In the "Proceedings" of the Society in 1819, his first publication took place - a free transcription Messages Horace to Maecenas.
In 1819 Tyutchev entered the verbal department of Moscow University. During his studies, he became close to M. Pogodin, S. Shevyrev, V. Odoevsky. At this time, his Slavophile views began to take shape. As a student, Tyutchev also wrote poetry. In 1821 he graduated from the university and received a seat at the College of Foreign Affairs in St. Petersburg, in 1822 he was appointed supernumerary officer of the Russian diplomatic mission in Munich.
In Munich, Tyutchev, as a diplomat, aristocrat and writer, found himself in the center of the cultural life of one of the largest cities in Europe. He studied romantic poetry and German philosophy, became close to F. Schelling, became friends with G. Heine. He translated into Russian poems by G. Heine (the first Russian poet), F. Schiller, J. Goethe and other German poets. Tyutchev published his own poems in the Russian magazine Galatea and the almanac Northern Lyre.
In the 1820s–1830s, Tyutchev's masterpieces of philosophical lyrics were written Silentium! (1830), Not what you think, nature ... (1836), What are you howling about, night wind?.. (1836) and others. In poems about nature, the main feature of Tyutchev's creativity on this topic was obvious: the unity of the image of nature and thoughts about it, the philosophical and symbolic meaning of the landscape, humanization, spirituality of nature.
In 1836, in Pushkin's journal Sovremennik, on the recommendation of P. Vyazemsky and V. Zhukovsky, it was published signed by F.T. a selection of 24 poems by Tyutchev called Poems sent from Germany. This publication became a milestone in his literary life, brought him fame. Tyutchev responded to the death of Pushkin with prophetic lines: “Well, as your first love, / the heart will not forget Russia” ( January 29th, 1837).
In 1826, Tyutchev married E. Peterson, then experienced an affair with A. Lerkhenfeld (several poems are dedicated to her, including the famous romance “I met you - and all the past ...” (1870). The romance with E. Dernberg turned out to be so scandalous that Tyutchev was transferred from Munich to Turin. Tyutchev had a hard time with the death of his wife (1838), but soon remarried - to Dernberg, having arbitrarily left for a wedding in Switzerland. For this, he was dismissed from the diplomatic service and deprived of the title of chamberlain.
For several years Tyutchev remained in Germany, in 1844 he returned to Russia. From 1843 he published articles in the pan-Slavic direction. Russia and Germany, Russia and Revolution, The Papacy and the Roman Question, worked on a book Russia and the West. He wrote about the need for an Eastern European Union led by Russia and that it was the confrontation between Russia and the Revolution that would determine the fate of mankind. He believed that the Russian kingdom should stretch "from the Nile to the Neva, from the Elbe to China."
Tyutchev's political views were approved by Emperor Nicholas I. The title of chamberlain was returned to the author, in 1848 he received a position at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in St. Petersburg, in 1858 he was appointed chairman of the Foreign Censorship Committee. In St. Petersburg, Tyutchev immediately became a prominent figure in public life. Contemporaries noted his brilliant mind, humor, talent as an interlocutor. His epigrams, witticisms and aphorisms were on everyone's lips. The rise of Tyutchev's poetic creativity also belongs to this time. In 1850, the Sovremennik magazine reproduced a selection of Tyutchev's poems, once published by Pushkin, and published an article by N. Nekrasov, in which he ranked these poems among the brilliant phenomena of Russian poetry, put Tyutchev on a par with Pushkin and Lermontov. In 1854, 92 Tyutchev's poems were published in the supplement to Sovremennik, and then, on the initiative of I. Turgenev, his first poetry collection was published. Tyutchev's fame was confirmed by many of his contemporaries - Turgenev, A. Fet, A. Druzhinin, S. Aksakov, A. Grigoriev and others. L. Tolstoy called Tyutchev "one of those unfortunate people who are immeasurably higher than the crowd among which they live, and therefore always alone."
Tyutchev's poetry was defined by researchers as philosophical lyrics, in which, according to Turgenev, the thought "never appears naked and abstract to the reader, but always merges with the image taken from the world of the soul or nature, penetrates it, and itself penetrates it inseparably and inseparably." This feature of his lyrics was fully reflected in the verses Vision (1829), As the ocean surrounds the globe... (1830), Day and night(1839) and others.
The Slavophil views of F. Tyutchev continued to strengthen, although after the defeat of Russia in the Crimean War, he began to see the task of the Slavs not in political, but in spiritual unification. The poet expressed the essence of his understanding of Russia in a poem You can't understand Russia with your mind...(1866). Despite these views, Tyutchev's lifestyle was exclusively European: he moved in society, reacted vividly to political events, did not like village life, and did not attach much importance to Orthodox rites.
Like all his life, in his mature years Tyutchev was full of passions. In 1850, being a married man and the father of a family, he fell in love with 24-year-old E. Denisyeva, almost the same age as his daughters. An open relationship between them, during which Tyutchev did not leave his family, lasted 14 years, they had three children. Society took this as a scandal, Denisyeva was denied by her father, she was no longer accepted in the world. All this led Denisyev to a severe nervous breakdown, and in 1864 she died of tuberculosis. The shock of the death of a beloved woman led Tyutchev to create the "Denisiev cycle" - the pinnacle of his love lyrics. It contains poems Oh, how deadly we love... (1851), I knew the eyes - oh, these eyes!.. (1852), last love (1851–1854), There is also in my suffering stagnation ... (1865), On the eve of the anniversary, August 4, 1865(1865); accessible to man - earthly happiness. In the "Denisiev cycle" love appears as a "fatal merger and fatal duel" of two hearts.
After the death of Denisyeva, in which he blamed himself, Tyutchev went to his family abroad. He spent a year in Geneva and Nice, and upon his return (1865) to Russia, he had to endure the death of two children from Denisyev, then his mother. These tragedies were followed by the death of another son, only brother, daughter. The horror of approaching death was expressed in a poem Brother, who has accompanied me for so many years...(1870). In the lines of this poem, the poet foresaw his "fatal turn".
