The word "style" goes back to the Greek noun "stylus" - the so-called stick, which was used to write on a board covered with wax. Over time, style began to be called handwriting, the manner of writing, a set of techniques for using language means. The functional styles of the language got this name because they perform the most important functions, being a means of communication, communicating certain information and influencing the listener or reader.

Functional styles are understood as historically established and socially conscious systems of speech means used in a particular area of ​​communication and correlated with a particular area of ​​professional activity.

In the modern Russian literary language, book functional styles are distinguished: scientific, journalistic, official business, which appear mainly in written form of speech, and colloquial, which is mainly characterized by oral speech.

Some scholars single out artistic (fictional) as a functional style, that is, the language of fiction. However, this point of view raises fair objections. Writers in their works use the whole variety of linguistic means, so that artistic speech is not a system of homogeneous linguistic phenomena. On the contrary, artistic speech is devoid of any stylistic isolation, its specificity depends on the characteristics of individual author's styles. V.V. Vinogradov wrote: “The concept of style as applied to the language of fiction is filled with a different content than, for example, in relation to business or clerical styles, and even journalistic and scientific styles. The language of national fiction is not fully correlated with other styles, types or varieties of literary and colloquial speech. He uses them, includes them, but in peculiar combinations and in a functionally transformed form.

Each functional style is a complex system covering all language levels: pronunciation of words, lexical and phraseological composition of speech, morphological means and syntactic constructions. All these linguistic features of functional styles will be described in detail when characterizing each of them. Now we will focus only on the most obvious means of distinguishing between functional styles - on their vocabulary.

Stylistic coloring of words

The stylistic coloring of a word depends on how it is perceived by us: as assigned to a particular style or as appropriate in any speech situation, that is, commonly used.

We feel the connection of words-terms with the language of science (for example: quantum theory, experiment, monoculture); highlight publicistic vocabulary (worldwide, law and order, congress, commemorate, proclaim, election campaign); we recognize by the clerical coloring the words of the official business style (injured, residence, prohibited, prescribe).

Book words are out of place in a casual conversation: "On the green spaces the first leaves appeared"; We were walking in the forest array and sunbathing at the pond." Faced with such a mixture of styles, we hasten to replace foreign words with their commonly used synonyms (not green spaces, a trees, bushes; not Forest, a forest; not water, a lake).

Colloquial, and even more so colloquial, that is, outside the literary norm, words cannot be used in a conversation with a person with whom we are connected by official relations, or in an official setting.

Appeal to stylistically colored words should be motivated. Depending on the content of the speech, its style, on the environment in which the word is born, and even on how the speakers relate to each other (with sympathy or hostility), they use different words.

High vocabulary is necessary when talking about something important, significant. This vocabulary is used in the speeches of orators, in poetic speech, where a solemn, pathetic tone is justified. But if, for example, you are thirsty, it would not occur to you on such a trifling occasion to turn to a comrade with a tirade: “ O my unforgettable colleague and friend! Quench my thirst with life-giving moisture!»

If words that have a particular stylistic coloring are used ineptly, they give the speech a comical sound.

Even in ancient manuals on eloquence, for example, in Aristotle's Rhetoric, much attention was paid to style. According to Aristotle, it "must fit the subject of speech"; important things should be spoken seriously, choosing expressions that will give the speech an elevated sound. Trifles are not spoken solemnly; in this case, words are used joking, contemptuous, that is, reduced vocabulary. M.V. Lomonosov also pointed out the opposition of “high” and “low” words in the theory of “three calms”. Modern explanatory dictionaries give stylistic marks to words, noting their solemn, sublime sound, as well as highlighting words that are reduced, contemptuous, derogatory, dismissive, vulgar, and abusive.

Of course, when talking, we cannot look into the explanatory dictionary every time, clarifying the stylistic mark for a particular word, but we feel which word should be used in a particular situation. The choice of stylistically colored vocabulary depends on our attitude to what we are talking about. Let's take a simple example.

The two argued:

I can't take seriously what this one says blond youth,- said one.

And in vain, - objected another, - the arguments of this blond boy very convincing.

These contradictory remarks express a different attitude towards the young blond: one of the disputants chose insulting words for him, emphasizing his neglect; the other, on the contrary, tried to find words that expressed sympathy. The synonymic wealth of the Russian language provides ample opportunities for the stylistic choice of evaluative vocabulary. Some words are positive, others are negative.

As part of the evaluative vocabulary, words are emotionally and expressively colored. Words that convey the speaker's attitude to their meaning belong to the emotional vocabulary (emotional means based on feeling, caused by emotions). Emotional vocabulary expresses various feelings.

There are many words in Russian that have a bright emotional coloring. This can be easily verified by comparing words with similar meanings: blond, blond, whitish, white, white, lilac; pretty, charming, bewitching, delightful, cute; eloquent, chatty; proclaim, proclaim, blurt out etc. Comparing them, we try to choose the most expressive ones, which are stronger, more convincingly able to convey our thought. For example, you can say I do not like, but stronger words can be found: I hate, despise, abhor. In these cases, the lexical meaning of the word is complicated by a special expression.

Expression means expressiveness (from lat. expressio- expression). Expressive vocabulary includes words that enhance the expressiveness of speech. Often one neutral word has several expressive synonyms that differ in the degree of emotional stress: misfortune, grief, disaster, catastrophe; violent, unrestrained, indomitable, furious, furious. Often, synonyms with exactly the opposite coloring gravitate to the same neutral word: ask- beg, beg; cry- roar, roar.

Expressively colored words can acquire a variety of stylistic shades, as indicated by the marks in dictionaries: solemn (unforgettable, accomplishments), high (forerunner), rhetorical (sacred, aspirations) poetic (azure, invisible). From all these words, the reduced ones are sharply different, which are marked with marks: playful (faithful, newly minted), ironic (please, praised) familiar (not bad, whispering) disapproving (pedant), disparaging (daub), contemptuous (sneak) derogatory (squishy) vulgar (grabber), abusive (fool).

Evaluative vocabulary requires an attentive attitude. The inappropriate use of emotional and expressive words can give speech a comical sound. This often happens in student essays. For example: "Nozdryov was an inveterate bully." "All Gogol's landowners are fools, parasites, idlers and dystrophics."

Many words not only name concepts, but also reflect the attitude of the speaker towards them. For example, admiring the beauty of a white flower, you can call it snow-white, white, lily. These adjectives are emotionally colored: the positive assessment contained in them distinguishes them from the stylistically neutral word white. The emotional coloring of the word can also express a negative assessment of the concept called (white-haired). Therefore, emotional vocabulary is called evaluative (emotional-evaluative). However, it should be noted that the concepts of emotional words (for example, interjections) do not contain evaluation; at the same time, words in which evaluation constitutes their very lexical meaning (moreover, the evaluation is not emotional, but intellectual) do not belong to emotional vocabulary (bad, good, anger, joy, love, approve).

A feature of the emotional-evaluative vocabulary is that the emotional coloring is “superimposed” on the lexical meaning of the word, but is not reduced to it, the purely nominative function is complicated here by evaluativeness, the speaker’s attitude to the phenomenon being called.

As part of the emotional vocabulary, the following three varieties can be distinguished. 1. Words with a bright evaluative meaning, as a rule, are unambiguous; “the evaluation contained in their meaning is so clearly and definitely expressed that it does not allow the word to be used in other meanings.” These include the words “characteristics” (forerunner, herald, grouch, idler, sycophant, slob, etc.), as well as words containing an assessment of a fact, phenomenon, sign, action (purpose, destiny, business, fraud, marvelous, miraculous , irresponsible, antediluvian, dare, inspire, defame, mischief). 2. Polysemantic words, usually neutral in the main meaning, but receiving a bright emotional coloring when used metaphorically. So, they say about a person: a hat, a rag, a mattress, an oak tree, an elephant, a bear, a snake, an eagle, a crow; in a figurative sense, verbs are used: sing, hiss, saw, gnaw, dig, yawn, blink, etc. 3. Words with subjective assessment suffixes that convey various shades of feeling: containing positive emotions - son, sun, granny, neatly, close, and negative - beards, kid, bureaucracy, etc. Since the emotional coloring of these words is created by affixes, the estimated meanings in such cases are determined not by the nominative properties of the word, but by word formation.

The image of feeling in speech requires special expressive colors. Expressiveness (from Latin expressio - expression) - means expressiveness, expressive - containing a special expression. At the lexical level, this linguistic category is embodied in the "increment" to the nominative meaning of the word of special stylistic shades, special expression. For example, instead of the word good, we say beautiful, wonderful, delicious, wonderful; I can say I don't like it, but stronger words can be found: I hate, I despise, I abhor. In all these cases, the lexical meaning of the word is complicated by expression. Often one neutral word has several expressive synonyms that differ in the degree of emotional stress (cf.: misfortune - grief - disaster - catastrophe, violent - unrestrained - indomitable - frantic - furious). Vivid expression highlights the words solemn (unforgettable, herald, accomplishments), rhetorical (sacred, aspirations, announce), poetic (azure, invisible, sing, incessant). vaunted), familiar (good-natured, cute, mooing, whispering). Expressive shades delimit the words disapproving (pretentious, mannered, ambitious, pedant), scornful (painting, pettiness), contemptuous (sneak, servility, sycophancy), derogatory (skirt, squishy), vulgar (grabber, lucky), swear words (boor, fool ).

Expressive coloring in a word is superimposed on its emotional and evaluative meaning, and in some words expression prevails, in others - emotional coloring. Therefore, it is not possible to distinguish between emotional and expressive vocabulary. The situation is complicated by the fact that "the typology of expressiveness is, unfortunately, not yet available." This leads to difficulties in developing a common terminology.

Combining words close in expression into lexical groups, we can distinguish: 1) words expressing a positive assessment of the called concepts, 2) words expressing their negative assessment. The first group will include words high, affectionate, partly playful; in the second - ironic, disapproving, abusive, etc. The emotionally expressive coloring of words is clearly manifested when comparing synonyms:

The emotional and expressive coloring of a word is influenced by its meaning. We have received a sharply negative assessment of such words as fascism, separatism, corruption, hired killer, mafia. Behind the words progressive, law and order, sovereignty, glasnost, etc. positive color is fixed. Even the different meanings of the same word can differ markedly in stylistic coloring: in one case, the use of the word can be solemn (Wait, prince. Finally, I hear the speech of not a boy, but a husband. - P.), in another - the same word receives an ironic tinge (G. Polevoy proved that the venerable editor enjoys the fame of a learned man, so to speak, on my word of honor. - P.).

The development of emotional and expressive shades in the word is facilitated by its metaphorization. So, stylistically neutral words used as paths get a vivid expression: burn (at work), fall (from fatigue), suffocate (under adverse conditions), flaming (eye), blue (dream), flying (gait), etc. d. The context finally determines the expressive coloring: neutral words can be perceived as lofty and solemn; high vocabulary in other conditions acquires a mockingly ironic coloring; sometimes even a swear word can sound affectionate, and affectionate - contemptuously. The appearance of additional expressive shades in a word, depending on the context, significantly expands the visual possibilities of vocabulary.

The expressive coloring of words in works of art differs from the expression of the same words in non-figurative speech. In an artistic context, vocabulary acquires additional, secondary semantic shades that enrich its expressive coloring. Modern science attaches great importance to the expansion of the semantic volume of words in artistic speech, associating with this the appearance of a new expressive coloring in words.

The study of emotional-evaluative and expressive vocabulary directs us to distinguish different types of speech depending on the nature of the speaker's influence on listeners, the situation of their communication, their relationship to each other and a number of other factors. It is enough to imagine, - wrote A.N. Gvozdev, - that the speaker wants to make laugh or touch, to arouse the disposition of the listeners or their negative attitude towards the subject of speech, so that it is clear how different language means will be selected, mainly creating a different expressive coloring. With this approach to the selection of language means, several types of speech can be identified: solemn (rhetorical), official (cold), intimately affectionate, playful. They are opposed to neutral speech, using linguistic means, devoid of any stylistic coloring. This classification of types of speech, dating back to the "poetics" of ancient antiquity, is not rejected by modern stylists either.

The doctrine of functional styles does not exclude the possibility of using various emotional and expressive means in them at the discretion of the author of the work. In such cases, "methods for selecting speech means ... are not universal, they are of a particular nature." Solemn coloring, for example, can be received by publicistic speech; “Rhetorical, expressively rich and impressive can be one or another speech in the sphere of everyday communication (anniversary speeches, ceremonial speeches associated with the act of a particular ritual, etc.).”

At the same time, it should be noted that the expressive types of speech are not well studied, and there is no clarity in their classification. In this regard, the definition of the relationship between the functional-style emotional-expressive coloring of vocabulary also causes certain difficulties. Let's dwell on this issue.

The emotionally expressive coloring of the word, layered on the functional, complements its stylistic characteristics. Emotionally-expressive neutral words usually belong to common vocabulary (although this is not necessary: ​​terms, for example, in emotionally expressive terms, are usually neutral, but have a clear functional fixation). Emotionally expressive words are distributed between book, colloquial and vernacular vocabulary.

The book vocabulary includes lofty words that give solemnity to speech, as well as emotionally expressive words that express both positive and negative assessments of the named concepts. In book styles, vocabulary is ironic (beautifulness, words, quixotic), disapproving (pedantic, mannerisms), contemptuous (masque, corrupt).

Colloquial vocabulary includes words affectionate (daughter, dove), playful (butuz, laughter), as well as words expressing a negative assessment of the concepts called (small fry, zealous, giggle, brag).

In common speech, words are used that are outside the literary vocabulary. Among them, there may be words containing a positive assessment of the concept being called (hard worker, brainy, awesome), and words expressing the speaker’s negative attitude towards the concepts they denote (crazy, flimsy, vulgar).

Functional, emotionally expressive and other stylistic shades can intersect in a word. For example, the words satellite, epigone, apotheosis are perceived primarily as bookish. But at the same time, we associate the word satellite, used in a figurative sense, with the journalistic style, in the word epigone we note a negative assessment, and in the word apotheosis - a positive one. In addition, the use of these words in speech is influenced by their foreign origin. Such affectionately ironic words as sweetheart, motanya, zaleka, drolya combine colloquial and dialectal coloring, folk-poetic sound. The richness of stylistic shades of Russian vocabulary requires a particularly careful attitude to the word.

What is the stylistic coloring of words?

1. 
   
   
   
   
2. There are usually four main levels in a language: phonetic, morphological, lexical, syntactic. Language units of each of these levels can be either stylistically neutral or stylistically colored. In this case, only units of the lexical level are considered.
   The stylistic coloring of a language unit is understood as additional (connotative) to its main (nominative, subject-logical and grammatical) meaning emotional-evaluative, expressive and functional properties. These properties limit the use of language units to certain areas, styles, genres and conditions of communication (situation) and thus carry stylistic information. Stylistically colored units cannot be used everywhere, but only under certain conditions.
   There are two types of stylistic coloring: functional-stylistic and emotional-evaluative. Let's consider them in more detail.
   1. Functional-stylistic (style) coloring. It is due to the regular use of one or another unit of the language in a certain functional style of the language. This leads to the fact that the given unit of language itself (word, etc.) receives the coloring, the imprint of the sphere or style in which it is usually found, i.e. the word bears the coloring of business, official, scientific, journalistic etc. speech (for example: social - journalistic, synchrophasotron - scientific, debit - business).
   2. Emotional-evaluative (stylistic) coloring. If the functional-stylistic coloring colors the word itself as a linguistic unit, then with the help of words with emotional-evaluative coloring, the designated objects themselves are "colored", the attitude towards them is expressed, their evaluation is made, etc. This coloring is organically characteristic of the language unit, is inseparable from its meaning. It manifests itself in any sphere of use of this unit, in the most minimal contexts and even in isolation. So, the words have a reduced (negative) color: lip-slap - a person with large pendulous lips and incomprehensibly speaking; varmint - a loafer who loves to play pranks; smack - kiss.
   On the other hand, we find an elevated (positive) coloring in the words: banner - banner; coming - coming, future; soar - aspire to sublime thoughts, feelings.
   Words with emotional and evaluative coloring are sometimes very difficult to translate into other (even related) languages, since they often have a bright national flavor. So, almost never there are difficulties in translating the neutral verb to fall, for example, in a sentence: he stumbled and fell into the mud. But the translation in the same sentence of a number of its emotional-evaluative synonyms (slap, thump, slap, slap, etc.) causes certain difficulties and is far from always being equivalent. The same is true with the translation of two sentences very close in their meaning: All day I really wanted to call her and I was tempted to call her all day.
   The words are stylistically unequal. Some are perceived as bookish (intelligence, ratification, excessive, investment, conversion, prevail), others - as colloquial (really, blurt out, a little); some give solemnity to speech (predestinate, expression of will), others sound at ease (work, talk, old, cold). All the variety of meanings, functions and semantic nuances of the word is concentrated and combined in its stylistic characteristics, - wrote Acad. VV VinogradovVinogradov VV Russian language (Grammatical doctrine of the word). P. 22. When describing words, the stylistic characteristics of a word take into account, firstly, its belonging to one of the functional styles or the absence of functional and stylistic fixation, and secondly, the emotional coloring of the word, its expressive possibilities.
3. The words are stylistically unequal. Some are perceived as bookish (intelligence, ratification, excessive, investment, conversion, prevail), others - as colloquial (really, blurt out, a little); some give solemnity to speech (predestinate, expression of will), others sound at ease (work, talk, old, cold). All the variety of meanings, functions and semantic nuances of the word is concentrated and combined in its stylistic characteristics, - wrote Acad. VV VinogradovVinogradov VV Russian language (Grammatical doctrine of the word). P. 22. When describing words, the stylistic characteristics of a word take into account, firstly, its belonging to one of the functional styles or the absence of functional and stylistic fixation, and secondly, the emotional coloring of the word, its expressive possibilities.
4. The stylistic coloring of prepositions and conjunctions largely depends on the history of their origin. Thus, the primitive prepositions v, na, k, o and the conjunctions a, and, or, but, as a rule, are stylistically neutral and are used in any functional style. Denominative, verbal and some adverbial prepositions (relatively, according to, according to, respectively, tangentially) are characteristic of scientific, official business and journalistic speech.
   Among the prepositions that have become widespread in book styles in recent years are: in business, along the line, at the expense of, in part, in favor, in the region, in the sense, from the outside, in accompaniment, and others.
   The variety of allied forms is reflected by the variety of their stylistic meanings: but, or, what are neutral; due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that - book; for the time being, it would be nice, once - colloquial; as long as, if - vernacular.
5. There are usually four main levels in a language: phonetic, morphological, lexical, syntactic. Language units of each of these levels can be either stylistically neutral or stylistically colored. In this case, only units of the lexical level are considered.
   The stylistic coloring of a language unit is understood as additional (connotative) to its main (nominative, subject-logical and grammatical) meaning emotional-evaluative, expressive and functional properties. These properties limit the use of language units to certain areas, styles, genres and conditions of communication (situation) and thus carry stylistic information. Stylistically colored units cannot be used everywhere, but only under certain conditions.
   There are two types of stylistic coloring: functional-stylistic and emotional-evaluative. Let's consider them in more detail.
   1. Functional-stylistic (style) coloring. It is due to the regular use of one or another unit of the language in a certain functional style of the language. This leads to the fact that the given unit of language itself (word, etc.) receives the coloring, the imprint of the sphere or style in which it is usually found, i.e. the word bears the coloring of business, official, scientific, journalistic etc. speech (for example: social - journalistic, synchrophasotron - scientific, debit - business).
   2. Emotional-evaluative (stylistic) coloring. If the functional-stylistic coloring colors the word itself as a linguistic unit, then with the help of words with emotional-evaluative coloring, the designated objects themselves are "colored", the attitude towards them is expressed, their evaluation is made, etc. This coloring is organically characteristic of the language unit, is inseparable from its meaning. It manifests itself in any sphere of use of this unit, in the most minimal contexts and even in isolation. So, the words have a reduced (negative) color: lip-slap - a person with large pendulous lips and incomprehensibly speaking; varmint - a loafer who loves to play pranks; smack - kiss.
   On the other hand, we find an elevated (positive) coloring in the words: banner - banner; coming - coming, future; soar - aspire to sublime thoughts, feelings.
   Words with emotional and evaluative coloring are sometimes very difficult to translate into other (even related) languages, since they often have a bright national flavor. So, almost never there are difficulties in translating the neutral verb to fall, for example, in a sentence: he stumbled and fell into the mud. But the translation in the same sentence of a number of its emotional-evaluative synonyms (slap, thump, slap, slap, etc.) causes certain difficulties and is far from always being equivalent. The same is true with the translation of two sentences very close in their meaning: All day I really wanted to call her and I was tempted to call her all day.

They belong to the branch of science that deals with teaching the differentiated use of language in communication, as well as providing knowledge regarding the language itself and the corresponding tools necessary for its use. It is called "stylistics" and its predecessor was rhetoric (the concept of oratory), which dealt exclusively with the public style of speech. Stylistics as a science covers all systems of speech means. This is a kind of teaching regarding the most effective forms of expression of thoughts and feelings.

What are stylistically colored words?

They are used exclusively in specific styles, in particular:

1. Scientific vocabulary. It includes words that are used in the field of education, science and technology (for example, range, laser, etc.).
2. Political vocabulary. This includes words used in the public, political field (candidate, dissertation, Duma, etc.).
3. It is represented by words that are used mainly in everyday communication, orally (large, pictures, Internet, etc.). Within the framework of works of art, it is used to characterize the main characters.

Summarizing the above, we can formulate what stylistically colored words are. These are words that have an additional meaning, more precisely, they name an object and convey its corresponding assessment (neglect, approval, irony, etc.), as well as certain emotions in relation to it.

Variety of stylistic coloring

It is represented by two components:

1. Functional-target stylistic coloring (coloring of individual units of the language), which, in turn, is divided into three main types:

• colloquial;
• book;
• neutral.

The first two types can be:

Grammatical forms (for example, contracts (neutral) - contracts (colloquial);

Words (for example, place (neutral) - location (book);

Phraseological units (for example, stretch your legs (colloquial) - rest in eternal sleep (book);

Sentences (for example, due to bad weather conditions, the flight is delayed (neutral) - due to fog, I did not fly away (colloquial).

2. Expressive-evaluative stylistic coloring (not tied to a specific style, contained in the word itself) includes three types:

• reduced;
• increased;
• neutral.

Example: life (neutral) - life (reduced) - life (increased).

Neutral and stylistically colored words

Vocabulary in the literary language is usually divided into two main components: stylistically colored and neutral vocabulary.

Neutral vocabulary - words that are not tied to any of the existing styles of speech, that is, they can be used in any system of speech means, because they are not expressively and emotionally colored. However, these words have stylistic synonyms (colloquial, bookish, vernacular).

According to the theory of M. V. Lomonosov (“Three Calms”), all other words refer either to a high system of speech means (for example, rest, fatherland, etc.) or to a low one (for example, the other day, belly, etc.) .).

In this regard, there is colloquial vocabulary (grey gelding, tsyts, etc.) and book vocabulary, which, in turn, is divided into the following types:

Directions of linguistic stylistics

There are two in particular:

• language style;
• style of speech (functional style).

The first direction studies the stylistic means of vocabulary, grammar and phraseology, as well as the stylistic structure of the language.

The second is different types of speech and their conditionality by various goals of the utterance.

Linguistic stylistics should contain the principle of consistency and functionality and reflect the relationship of various types of speech with the purpose of the statement, its subject matter, communication conditions, the author's attitude and the addressee of the speech.

Styles are various combinations of the use of language in the process of communication. Each system of speech means is characterized by the originality of the language means used, as well as their unique combination with each other.

Thus, it is worth formulating a definition of what linguistic stylistics is. This is, first of all, a section of linguistics that studies various styles (language, speech, genre, etc.). Also, the subject of her research is the emotional, expressive and evaluative properties of language units both in the paradigmatic sense (within the framework of the language system) and in the syntagmatic aspect (in various areas of communication).

The structure of the considered section of linguistics

These include combinations that are sustainable (employment service, public sector workers, international, etc.). They are widely used by journalists due to the fact that it is impossible to constantly invent fundamentally new means of expression.

Stylistic coloration

Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms. Ed. 2nd. - M.: Enlightenment. Rosenthal D. E., Telenkova M. A.. 1976 .

See what "stylistic coloring" is in other dictionaries:

stylistic coloration- units In lexical stylistics: the expressive properties of a language unit, superimposed on its main, or subject-logical, meaning. * sail (neutral coloring) sail (sublime coloring); hit (neutral coloring) kick… …

functional and stylistic coloring- See the article stylistic coloring ... Educational dictionary of stylistic terms

Functional-stylistic coloring- - see Stylistic resources of vocabulary, or lexical stylistics ...

COLORING, coloring, pl. no, female 1. Action according to Ch. paint and color paint. Painting of the house and outbuildings. 2. Color, shade of color of something. A bird with a variegated coloration. 3. trans. A special tone, an expressive shade of something (bookish). ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

Stylistic connotation- (coloring, stylistic meaning) is usually defined as additional in relation to the subject-logical and grammatical meaning of a language unit, its expressive emotionally evaluative and functional properties. More broadly… … Stylistic encyclopedic dictionary of the Russian language

COLORING, and, for women. 1. See dyeing and dyeing. 2. Color 1 or combination of colors 1 on what. Protective about. in animals. Brightly colored fabrics. 3. trans. Semantic, expressive shade of something. Make the story humorous. Stylistic about. ... ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

Additional stylistic shades that are superimposed on the main, subject-logical meaning of the word and perform an emotionally expressive or evaluative function, giving the statement the character of solemnity, familiarity, ... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms

stylistic coloring- An expressive or functional property of a language unit, determined either by the properties of the unit itself (proshlyga - expressive coloring), or by the context of use (outgoing, debit - functional coloring) ... Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

AND; and. 1. to Color to color (1 sign). O. buildings. O. hair. Take furs for coloring. Butterfly with brownish yellow wings. Gentle about. foliage. 2. Color, shade of something. Autumn about. foliage. The clouds are soft blue. / About the characteristic color ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

coloring- and; and. see also painting 1) to paint 1) to paint Painting / ska buildings. Coloring / ska hair. Take furs for coloring ... Dictionary of many expressions

Books

• Dictionary of Russian phraseology. Historical and etymological reference book, A. K. Birich, V. M. Mokienko, L. I. Stepanova. The dictionary is the first attempt in Russian lexicography to give the most complete information about the history and etymology of Russian phraseological units. Revealing the original image of each sustainable…
• The stylistic aspect of Russian word-formation, Vinogradova V.N. This book discusses the functional-stylistic and emotional-expressive coloring of word-formation models characteristic of book, colloquial and artistic speech. ...