Essence and types of psychological support. Directions of psychological assistance

The main activities of the psychological service

CONSULTING is:

Identification and resolution of conflict situations

Assistance in solving personal problems

Development of interpersonal relationships

PSYCHODIAGNOSIS is:

the opportunity to obtain accurate scientifically based information about yourself, your potential and professional abilities, personal characteristics, individual characteristics, etc.

TRAINING is:

assistance in self-development and self-education, etc.

INFORMATION AND EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY is:

Organization of lectures and informative seminars aimed at improving psychological literacy, special organization of free time, trainings for a positive life attitude, social modeling.

CORRECTION AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES are:

Solving personal psychological problems

Formation of effective communication skills

Correction of personal qualities and skills

Assistance in self-development and self-education.

The concept of "psychological assistance". The main types of psychological assistance

Psychological assistance is an area of practical application of psychology, focused on improving the socio-psychological competence of people and providing psychological assistance, both to an individual and to a group, organization. This is direct work with people aimed at solving various kinds of psychological problems associated with difficulties in interpersonal relationships, as well as deep personal problems.

Types of psychological assistance

§ Psychoprophylaxis (prevention).

§ Psychological education (in counseling, in psychoprophylaxis - lectures, seminars) Adler was one of the leading experts in this field.

§ Psychodiagnostics (identification of problems and other psychological indicators).

§ Psychological counseling (psychological assistance to people who are within the psychological norm in adaptation, development and expansion of personal potential).

§ Psychotherapy (aimed at solving deep personal problems and deep personality transformation), can be clinical and non-clinical.

§ Psychiatry (a medical form of assistance, the use of medications, or humanistic psychiatry, which considers a person not as a patient, but as a person with a different worldview, uses medications to a limited extent, therefore, follows the psychotherapeutic path).

§ Psychocorrection (restoration of the norm, both from the point of view of the emotional state, and from the point of view of personality traits).

Types of psychological assistance cannot be strictly diluted. There are areas of intersection. The criterion is who provides assistance (difference in education), with whom the specialist works with a client or patient (adaptation is the norm criterion), what helps (use of drugs, psychotherapeutic, counseling techniques)

Principles of psychological assistance

As in many professions, in the activities of a psychologist, when providing them with psychological assistance, there are some principles and requirements, the implementation of which is mandatory. The existence of various ethical codes for the activities of a professional psychologist in various countries and psychological communities is due to the fact that there are no unambiguous and simple answers to the ethical and moral problems that arise in psychological practice. These principles are necessary to ensure that the provision of psychological assistance is not only more effective and meaningful, but also socially acceptable. Many works on this subject discuss various difficult situations, in particular - how should a consultant behave if during the reception he finds out that his client is plotting or committed an antisocial act, if he sees signs of beatings or other violence on the body of a child, if parents want to know something about their secretive teenage child, as well as many others. In some countries, such as the USA, non-compliance with professional principles and requirements can lead to the loss of a psychologist's diploma, the right to practice and offer his professional services, etc.

Among the most important ethical principles of psychological assistance (according to Yu. Alyoshina), the following are traditionally distinguished:

1. A benevolent and nonjudgmental attitude towards the client implies "a whole range of professional behavior aimed at making the client feel calm and comfortable." The counselor must be able to listen carefully to the client (for example, using the technique of active listening), trying to understand him without judging, as well as provide psychological support and assistance.

2. The orientation of the psychologist to the norms and values of the client, and not to socially accepted norms and rules, which can allow the client to be sincere and open. The relationship of accepting and respecting the client's values is not only an opportunity to express support for the client, but also allows you to influence these values in the future if they become seen in the counseling process as an obstacle to the normal life of a person.

3. Prohibition to give advice. A psychologist, despite his professional and life experience and knowledge, cannot give guaranteed advice to a client, in particular because the client's life and the context of its course are unique and unpredictable, and the client is the main expert in his own life, while psychologist - usually acts as an expert in other areas, in particular in ways of building relationships with a client, as well as in the theory of psychological assistance. In addition, giving advice means taking responsibility for the life of the client if he uses it, which does not contribute to the development of his personality. In addition, when giving advice, the psychologist's professional position may change, and when taking advice, the client's position may change towards greater passivity and a superficial attitude to what is happening. Often at the same time, any failures in the implementation of the advice by the client can be attributed to the psychologist as the authority who gave advice, which prevents the client from understanding his active and responsible role in the events happening to him.

4. Anonymity, which means that no information provided by the client to the psychologist can be transferred without his consent to any organizations and other persons, including relatives or friends. At the same time, there are exceptions (about which the psychologist must warn the client in advance), specially noted in the legislation of the country, in accordance with the laws of which the professional activity of the psychologist is carried out.

5. The distinction between personal and professional relationships is a principle-requirement for a consultant, associated with a number of psychological phenomena that affect the process of psychological assistance. For example, it is known that professional relationships can be strongly influenced by personal relationships, in particular, the personal needs and desires of a psychologist affect both the process of psychological assistance and the client himself, and therefore may hinder the effective implementation of psychological assistance. There are various studies of these influences (see, for example, the phenomena of transference and countertransference). At the end of the 20th century, there were discussions on this problem, various consequences of the entry of a psychologist and a client into personal relationships, including sexual relationships, were analyzed, but the main conclusion from these discussions was the position that when a psychologist carries out professional activities, personal relationships should be avoided if possible. . If such or similar relationships appear, then it is necessary to try to act in the interests of the client and interrupt the process of psychological assistance as soon as possible.

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INTRODUCTION

In psychological science, various types of psychological assistance are distinguished, which differ in goals, theoretical orientations underlying them, areas of application, as well as the degree of professionalism of the person who provides this assistance. It is important to understand that sometimes non-professional relatives and friends, clergymen and even casual acquaintances who are not indifferent to our condition at the moment can provide us with psychological help. In addition to such "spontaneous" assistance, some of its types can be purposefully used by specially trained volunteers.

The goal of any psychological intervention is to change the mental state and behavior of the individual; in the case of psychological assistance, this is the elimination of psychological problems and behavioral disorders.

Depending on the main goals of assistance, there are:

* psychological counseling;

* psychotherapy;

* psychological correction;

* crisis intervention;

* psychological rehabilitation;

* psychological training.

Psychological counseling is focused on helping the client in resolving a specific problem situation, makes it possible to expand his understanding of various aspects of his personality, as well as the social environment.

Psychotherapy is focused on improving the mental state of persons with mental and behavioral disorders, eliminating the symptoms of these disorders by methods of psychological influence.

Psychological correction is a directed psychological impact on certain mental structures in order to ensure the full development and functioning of the individual.

Crisis intervention is an emergency psychological assistance to people in crisis (victims of interethnic conflicts, natural disasters, catastrophes; people who have lost loved ones, etc.), aimed at preventing the development of mental disorders and behavioral disorders.

Psychological rehabilitation is assistance to the patient, focused on the fullest possible restoration of his abilities, improving the quality of life, improving social adaptation, integration into society, preventing the development of persistent personality disorders and negative changes in lifestyle.

Psychological training develops the client's necessary psychological and behavioral skills: coping with stress, resolving conflicts, making decisions, etc.

1. WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELING?

Today in psychology much has been written about psychological counseling. And this is not at all surprising when it comes to psychological practice. Its guise is varied, it can appear as a "Freud's couch" or "Perls's empty chair", "Adler's start button" or "Ellis's emotional control card", psychodrama or Balint groups. The kaleidoscope of these practices, developing either spontaneously or under academic conditions, is confusing and does not fit into any "periodic systems". In fact, all these delights are based on the search for a more successful joint being with oneself, with others, or with the whole world as a whole.

Historically, psychological counseling has developed from the theory and practice of psychotherapy, therefore it is conceptually based on the traditionally distinguished main theoretical approaches in psychotherapy: psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral and existential-humanistic, the main conceptual differences of which are the emphasis on certain problems (related to the relationship of a person with himself and significant objects, with the productivity of behavior or human being). In addition, non-classical areas of psychological assistance, such as psychosynthesis, transpersonal conception, psychodrama, etc., can serve as the basis for psycho-counseling.

So, psychological counseling is professional assistance to the client in finding the most optimal solution to his problem situation. It can also be defined as a specific relationship between two people, in which it becomes possible for one of them (the client), with the help of the other (the psychologist), to study his feelings, thoughts, desires and behavior in order to come to a clearer understanding of himself, and then discover and apply in life situations their strengths of the personality, relying on internal resources. Counseling helps the client manage their lives more effectively later on by making better decisions and taking purposeful actions. Clients can be mentally healthy or sick people (perceived by the consultant as capable and responsible for solving their problem), presenting problems of existential (related to the meaning of life) or age crisis, interpersonal conflicts, family troubles, professional choice, etc.

The goals and objectives of psychological counseling include:

Emotional support and attention to the experiences of the client;

Improving the psychological competence of the client;

Change of personal attitude to the problem;

Increasing stress and crisis tolerance (tolerance);

Development of realism and plurality (plurality)

worldview;

Increasing customer responsibility

2. BASICS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY

The term "psychotherapy" has a double interpretation associated with its literal translation from Greek (psyche - soul and therapeia - care, care, treatment), - "treatment of the soul" and "healing of the soul". The term was introduced in 1872 by V. Tuke and became widely used from the end of the 11th century. However, there is still no consensus on the boundaries, forms and methods of psychotherapy, the training of specialists in this field, as well as its generally accepted definition. Given that psychotherapy in domestic science and practice has traditionally been related to medicine - it was considered as one of the methods of treatment and prevention of diseases (in 1985 it was separated into an independent medical specialty), the following definition should probably be recognized as the most appropriate for its essence: psychotherapy -- Purposeful use of mental (psychological) methods for the treatment of diseases. It is customary to consider it as a complex therapeutic effect on the patient's psyche, using his emotional reactions, cognitive, intellectual, volitional capabilities, conditioned reflex connections, and as a result - hang the body in order to eliminate painful symptoms, change attitudes towards one's disease, one's personality and the environment. .

Since ancient times, cases of the influence of certain individuals on the mental state of other people have been known. At the heart of the treatment of a number of diseases by priests, the "healing effect" of conspiracies, "sacred dances" of shamans is the impact on the psyche by the mechanisms of suggestion. The expression has been preserved: “medicine rests on three pillars: a knife, grass and a word”, i.e. since ancient times, the same power has been recognized for the word as for the surgeon's knife.

The development of psychotherapy as a scientifically based method begins in the 11th century and is associated with the names of Bernheim, Baudouin, Levenfeld, Mobius, as well as Russian doctors V.A. Manassein, S.P. Botkin, G.A. Zakharyin, S.S. Korsakov, V.M. Bekhterev, who expressed an opinion about the important role and possibilities of mental influence in the treatment of various diseases.

One of the most capacious definitions of the essence of psychotherapy belongs to M.Ya. They are exhausted from the science of wisdom, more often from psychology: by their art of comforting the sad, softening the angry, calming the impatient, frightening the sharp, making the timid bold, the hidden frank, the desperate well-intentioned. This art communicates that firmness of spirit that overcomes bodily pain, melancholy, throwing.

An important contribution to the development of domestic and world psychotherapy was made by the works of I.P. Pavlov, his students and followers. By proposing a thorium of the physiological mechanisms of sleep, transitional states, and hypnosis, Pavlov laid the foundations for one of the areas of scientific interpretation of many phenomena that for centuries were considered mysterious and enigmatic. Pavlov's doctrine of signal systems, the physiological influence of words and suggestion became the basis for scientific psychotherapy. In the West, the works of Z. Freud, his students and followers played a special role in the development of psychotherapy.

Knowledge of the patient's psychology, his personal characteristics and capabilities, his understanding of the disease and attitude to it, gives the doctor the opportunity to purposefully use psychotherapeutic methods in the treatment complex, which, of course, increases the effectiveness of medical care. The doctor's word affects the patient no less, and sometimes even more, than medicines. The aphorism “That doctor is bad, after a conversation with which the patient did not feel better,” every doctor who is at the patient’s bedside should remember. Therefore, before proceeding with the examination, it is necessary to get to know the patient by talking with him, and be sure to give him hope for recovery, or at least for improvement in his condition. This is the first stage of psychotherapeutic assistance to the patient.

Psychotherapy is usually divided into general and private, or special.

General psychotherapy or psychotherapy in the broad sense of the word is understood as the whole complex of mental factors influencing a patient of any profile in order to increase his strength in the fight against the disease, to create a protective and restorative regime that excludes mental trauma. Such psychotherapy serves as an auxiliary means; it is necessary in any medical institution. In other words, each therapeutic effect should also include a psychotherapeutic component. Therefore, every doctor, regardless of his specialty, should also be a psychotherapist for his patient.

The well-known domestic psychiatrist V.V. Kovalev, who dealt with mental disorders in somatic patients, emphasized that psychotherapy carried out by the attending physician is especially effective.

The psychotherapeutic effect on the patient is exerted by the doctor's behavior, a conversation about the nature of the disease, the features of its treatment, medical prescriptions and recommendations. All this gives a psychotherapeutic effect only if the doctor's behavior is subordinated to the main goal - the formation of an adequate response to the disease in the patient and its maintenance throughout the diagnostic, treatment and rehabilitation process. This essentially constitutes the psychological and psychotherapeutic aspects of the work of the attending physician. Normalization of the understanding of the disease, the correct assessment and attitude towards it are achieved through an appeal to the personality of the patient, as well as by influencing the patient's environment. The process of correction of somatognosia provides for the maximum mobilization of the patient's reserve capabilities for successful examination and treatment, the formation of endurance and courage in the fight against the disease and its consequences in order to return to active life as soon as possible.

When conducting psychotherapy, the doctor influences the personality of the patient, seeks to change the personal reactions that contributed to the onset of the disease. The personal characteristics of the patient and the clinical manifestations of the disease determine the tasks facing the doctor conducting psychotherapy, so an individual approach is needed in each case.

The main goals of psychotherapy in general medical practice are:

Awareness by patients of their role in successful treatment and rehabilitation;

Correction of incorrect reactions to the disease (denial, withdrawal into the disease, indifference, etc.);

Stimulation of the patient's activity in overcoming the disease;

Creation of a system of psychological support for the patient and conditions for correcting an inadequate attitude towards the disease that hinders effective treatment.

Psychotherapeutic influence must be exerted on all levels of somatognosia and the components of the internal picture of the disease, while achieving the weakening of discomfort and pain, deactualization of the vital threat, its ethical, aesthetic, intimate components.

The differences between psychological counseling and psychotherapy are not always noticeable to the unprofessional eye, but they exist. The main difference is that if counseling is aimed mainly at the problems of interaction between the individual and his environment in society, then psychotherapy is focused on the intrapersonal problems of a person. At the first, sometimes the second session, the specialist diagnoses the client's problem and determines the possibility of helping him within the framework of psychological counseling, which involves a small number of consultations. In some cases, one or two are enough. However, it happens that the client's request to resolve the problem in relations with other people is practically impossible to fulfill without a psychological study of his intrapersonal characteristics. In this case, the client is invited to undergo a certain course of corrective psychotherapy. Of course, its duration is noticeably longer than that of counseling. The techniques and methods of psycho-correction used in this case are determined at the first, sometimes the second, diagnostic session. What the psychotherapist is obliged to inform the client about, as well as explain to him all the features and subtleties of their joint work.

What psychological counseling and psychotherapy have in common is that the same requirements are imposed on the personality of the consultant and psychotherapist. Both of them have the same professional skills and often use similar procedures in their work. In any case, both psychological counseling and corrective psychotherapy are shown to mentally healthy people, including people who, due to various circumstances, have all sorts of problems in society, and serve to more effectively achieve their life goals.

3. PSYCHIATRY AND ITS TYPES

Psychiatry is an ancient science, as far back as 4000 BC, the priests of Egyptian temples treated the sick from longing, and in the Hindu books - the Vedas (XV-XIV centuries BC) - it was reported that the priests in India treated the mentally ill, linking the origin diseases with possession: the priests cast out demons from them.

In the ancient Greco-Roman period, the terms "mania", "melancholy", "paranoia" are already mentioned in the works and myths. Xenophon is credited with the phrase: "A healthy mind in a healthy body." Hippocrates and Pythagoras made pleasure, joy, laughter, grief, sadness, discontent, fears, the state of delirium, madness and anxiety dependent on the changing states of the brain. In accordance with the humoral theory of Hippocrates, mental illness was explained by "dyscrasia" - a violation of the mixing of fluids in the body. In the work “On the Sacred Disease”, Hippocrates already distinguished between idiopathic and symptomatic forms of epilepsy (the term “epilepsy” was introduced later by Avicenna), described various forms of the aura, the influence of age, temperature, menstruation, season on the course of the “sacred disease”.

However, it is impossible to stop the development of science, and a decisive shift is gradually taking place in the public consciousness and attitude towards the mentally ill.

F. Pinel gained fame as a reorganizer of psychiatric care during the French Revolution. Entering in 1792 as a doctor in the Parisian insane asylum Bicêtre, he secured permission from the revolutionary convention to remove the chains from the mentally ill, thereby turning psychiatric institutions from places of imprisonment into medical institutions.

The term "psychiatry" itself was proposed in 1803 by the German physician Johann Christian Reil.

Today, psychiatry is a branch of clinical medicine that studies mental disorders through the prism of medical methodology, methods for their diagnosis, prevention and treatment. This term also refers to the totality of state and accredited non-state institutions, in some countries having the right to involuntary isolation of persons who pose a potential danger to themselves or to others.

Until now, there are no clear criteria for distinguishing some mental illnesses from extreme manifestations of the norm. According to one of the most common definitions, mental illness is a change in consciousness that goes beyond the "reaction norm".

Allocate general and private psychiatry.

General psychiatry is engaged in the study of the basic properties of mental illness, the patterns of their manifestation and development, causes, principles of classification, methods of research and treatment. In other words, general psychiatry (or general psychopathology) is concerned with the study of common features that are characteristic of most mental illnesses or disorders. In this section, for example, disturbances of mental processes are studied (disturbances of perception - illusions, hallucinations; disturbances of thinking - delirium, etc.).

Private psychiatry (private psychopathology) studies individual mental illnesses, their etiology, pathogenesis, clinic, patterns of development, methods of treatment and rehabilitation. In private psychiatry, diseases such as:

Schizophrenia;

Epilepsy;

Affective insanity;

Personality disorders (psychopathy);

It should be noted that there are many different classifications of mental disorders, but none of them is based on any general criteria. Currently, the ICD-10 classification is considered the main one, despite the many shortcomings of this system. In addition, one of the most well-known systems is DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders) - a guide to the diagnosis and statistics of mental disorders, adopted in the United States.

Various pharmacological preparations are used to treat mental illness. In addition, the use of psychotherapeutic methods, which, according to many authors, is the future of modern psychiatry, plays an important role here.

psychological counseling disorder pharmacological

CONCLUSION

In psychological counseling, the realization of the goals of the consultant depends on the needs and expectations of the client in relation to the resolution of a psychological problem. The psychological problem of the client is a set of psychological difficulties, a disharmonic state that causes suffering to a person, from which he would like to get rid of. In this sense, the client's goal is to solve this psychological problem, and the counselor's goal is to find ways to help the client psychologically. Solving a problem on the part of the client does not mean eliminating the problem according to the principle of displacement, i.e. its imaginary elimination, and such work, as a result of which a person not only overcomes current difficulties, but enriches his experience, harmonizes his own life.

In the process of counseling, the psychologist, as a rule, solves two main tasks:

Helps the client to navigate their own problems, find the direction in which to look for a way out of a difficult situation;

Actualizes the mental powers and abilities of the client, contributing to finding new opportunities for solving problems.

Psychotherapy in general includes many other methods that can be used to help various categories of patients. Most of them require the appropriate qualifications of the psychotherapist and experience in applying specific techniques. The psychotherapist must have both medical (primarily in the field of psychiatry) and psychological knowledge in order to carry out differential diagnostics of detected disorders, determine indications for the use of certain psychotherapeutic methods and implement psychotherapy in practice, avoiding side effects and complications.

If psychology studies people with normal behavior, then psychiatry studies people whose behavior is already completely inadequate, goes beyond the norm. Psychiatry belongs to the field of medicine and uses medication as opposed to psychotherapy and psychological counseling.

LIST OF USED LITERATURE

2. Lakosina N.D. Clinical psychology.: A textbook for students. honey. Universities - 2nd ed. - M., 2005.

3. Maltseva, T. V. Professional psychological counseling: textbook. manual for university students studying in the specialties "Psychology" and "Jurisprudence" / T. V. Maltseva, I. E. Reutskaya. - M.: UNITY-DANA, 2012. Access mode: EBS: http://znanium.com

4. Nelson-Jones. Theory and practice of counseling. - St. Petersburg, - 2000. - 455 p.

5. Workshop on psychiatry: Proc. allowance. Ed. prof. M. V. Korkina. 5th ed., rev. - M.: RUDN, 2009. - 306 p.

6. Sorokin V.M. Special psychology: Proc. allowance / Under scientific. ed. L.M. Shipitsyna - St. Petersburg: Speech, 2003. - 216 p.

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Types of psychological assistance

Psychoprophylaxis (warning).
Psychological education (in counseling, in psychoprophylaxis - lectures, seminars).
Psychodiagnostics (identification of problems and other psychological indicators).
Psychological counseling (psychological assistance to people who are within the psychological norm in adaptation, development and expansion of personal potential).
Psychotherapy (aimed at solving deep personal problems and deep transformation of the personality), can be clinical and non-clinical.
Psychiatry (a medical form of assistance, the use of medications, or humanistic psychiatry, which considers a person not as a patient, but as a person with a different worldview, uses medications to a limited extent, therefore, follows the psychotherapeutic path).
Psychocorrection (restoration of the norm, both in terms of emotional state and in terms of personality traits).

The specifics of the object of psychological assistance

Voluntary consent, uniqueness, variability. Requirements for a psychologist providing psychological assistance - empathy, congruence, communication.

Principles of psychological assistance (ethical)

Among the most important ethical principles of psychological assistance (according to Yu. Alyoshina), the following are traditionally distinguished:

Literature

Aleshina Yu. E. Individual and family psychological counseling. - 2nd ed. - M.: Independent firm "Class", 2000. - 208 p. - (Library of psychology and psychotherapy).
Abramova G. S. Practical psychology. Textbook for higher education. - Moscow: Academic project, 2005.

Notes

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

Psychodermatology
Psychological typologies

See what "Psychological assistance" is in other dictionaries:

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Psychological help- a system of psychological influences based on various psychological theories, focused on increasing the socio-psychological competence of people.

Principles of psychological assistance:

1) The principle of consistency

2) The principle of subject-subject relations

3) The principle of positive development in activities

4) The principle of adaptation

5) The principle of safety and reliability

Areas of analysis of mental health care:

1) the mental development of the child

2) Marriage and family

3) Human mental health

4) management consulting

Classification of types of psychological assistance.By duration: urgent, duration, emergency

Direction: direct, otoika, anticipatory

By spatial organization: contact, remote

According to the functions of a psychologist: diagnostic, dispersive, informational, advisory

By number of participants: individually, group

Through the intervention of psychologists: directive, not directive.

Actually psychological assistance is aimed at supporting the personality in the process of its development, formation and growth, carried out by special psychological methods. These methods stimulate the manifestation of the ability of each person to take care of himself, to reveal and realize his inner potentials, to solve the tasks set by life.

Psychological assistance as a professional activity includes, first of all, such types of it as psychological counseling, psychocorrection, psychotherapy and psychoprophylaxis.

Psychological counseling aimed at orienting a person in the possibilities of solving a problem that has arisen. Impact counseling can be purely informational, orientational, as well as aimed at changing the relationship of the individual to himself and to his own life situation. Psychological counseling is most often carried out in the event of existential crises, interpersonal conflicts, family or professional problems.

There is a definition psychological correction as a directed psychological impact on certain psychological structures in order to ensure the full development and functioning of the individual. At the same time, it should be noted that psychological correction can be implemented in various areas of human practice: medicine, pedagogy, social work, where preventive tasks are also solved.

PSYCHOPROPHYLAXIS It is aimed at the prevention of mental illness, the rehabilitation of the mentally ill, as well as the preservation, improvement and strengthening of mental health. In the latter aspect, the concept of "psychic hygiene" is often used. There are different points of view on the goals and objectives of psychoprophylaxis and psychohygiene. In general, the types of psychoprophylactic and psychohygienic work can include counseling, correction, and psychotherapy. Types of psychoprophylaxis: primary, secondary, tertiary.

Currently, there are differences in the understanding of psychotherapy, depending on the theoretical scientific attitudes and practical approaches. In the understanding of psychotherapy, there is also a general recognition that this is a special type of professional activity based on interpersonal interaction and the impact of psychological means in assisting in solving problems and mental difficulties and requiring special training of an appropriate specialist.

Portal for the student. Self-training

Essence and types of psychological support. Directions of psychological assistance

The main activities of the psychological service

The concept of "psychological assistance". The main types of psychological assistance

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Portal for the student. Self-training

The main activities of the psychological service

The concept of "psychological assistance". The main types of psychological assistance

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Types of psychological assistance

The specifics of the object of psychological assistance

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