1. Double and written in the roots of the words reins, yeast, burning, buzzing, juniper and cognates with them. Wed: to kindle (cart + burn) - you will kindle (cart + burn), also kindled.

Note 1. In the presence of sound alternation zg-zzh, s-zz not written double and, A zzh, for example: squeal (squeal), arrive (arrival). Compare: to squeal, to grumble, to rattle, cerebellum, etc.

Note 2. In the words mesentery, mesentery, only one thing is written and.

2. Double With at the root it is written in the words quarrel, loan and those of the same root.

3. Double consonants are written in compound words if one part ends and the other begins with the same consonant, for example: chief physician, public sector, council, maternity hospital.

Note. In the first part of compound words, which is a stem that ends with a double consonant, only one consonant is written, for example: gramophone record, grouporg, cavalryman.

4. In words formed from stems ending in two identical consonants, double consonants before the suffix are preserved, for example: score - five-point, Gaul - Gallic, Hun - Hunnic, compromise - compromise, group - group, diagram - diagram, program - program , telegram - telegram. The same - in proper names, for example: the University of Canberra, the Cannes Film Festival, the Lausanne Conference, the Bonn government, Tallinn ancient monuments, etc.

Exceptions. In some words, in the case under consideration, one consonant is written, for example: crystal - crystal, Finn - Finnish, column - column, ton - five-ton, Finn - Finn (usually double n is contracted into one n before the suffix -k-a), operetta - operetta; in names of persons with a suffix -To, for example: Alla - Alka, Anna - Anka, Kirill - Kirilka, Rimma - Rimka, Savva - Savka, Philip - Filipka, Emma - Emka.

5. Double consonants are written at the junction of the prefix and the root, if the prefix ends and the root begins with the same consonant, for example: selfless - heartlessness, appeal - rebellion, fake, provoke - story, cheresedelnik; the same applies to prefixes of foreign origin, for example: dissimilation, counter-revolutionary, trans-Siberian.

Note. It is necessary to distinguish between the spelling of words like submit (prefix By-) and give in (prefix under-). Wed: The door gave way under the blows (no longer remained in its original position). - The door succumbed to the blows of the crowbar (could not hold back the pressure).

6. The spelling of double consonants in words of foreign language origin is determined by a spelling dictionary, for example: abbreviation, abscissa, acclimatization, accommodation, letter of credit, accessory, allergy, alliteration, ammonia, ammonite, appeal, appendicitis, applique, appreture, approximation, assessor, assembler, atoll, attentat, attic, attraction, babbitt, ballast, balloon, run, barrel, fiction, bisector, boss, buffon, vendetta, gibbon, hippopotamus, gum arabic, gutta-percha, depressant, jobber, dilemma, distill, differential, idyll, illumination, indifferent, irrational, irrigation, calligraphy, cassation, terminal, collegiate, colossus, coral, corrosion, corruption, coefficient, crystal, mantissa, monsoon, opposition, parallelepiped, parallelogram, trade wind, apron, pessimism, spring, summit, setter, settlement, syllabic, symmetry, spaghetti, rack, streptococcus, tennis, terrace, waste heap, territory, trolleybus, hippie, chlorophyll, hobby, cellulose, cirrhosis, cheddar, chassis, chinchilla, kurtosis, ellipse, essence.

Note 1. The following words are written with one consonant: unit, aluminum, attribute, bachelor, balustrade, barcarolle, broker, vernissage, volleyball, gallery, landing, dessert, decibel, dealer, amateur, impresario, caricature, Qatar, corridor, midget, level, office, pilgrim, polites, privilege, producer, pudding, resource, wolverine, Russianism, sidewalk, unison, etc.

Note 2. In the suffix -ess-a spelled two With(poetess, flight attendant, clown), in the suffix -is-a one thing is written With(abbess, actress, headmistress).

In the suffix -etta spelled two T, for example: arietta, operetta, symphonietta.

The word generalissimo contains two With.

The roots of Russian words use only double consonants ss And LJ . There are few such words.

Letters ss written in a word argument and related words derived from it, for example: By ss yell at ss yell; and also in words Ro ss and I(from obsolete Ross), ro ss Iisky, Belor ss and I(But Rus', Belarusian).

Letters LJ are written in words in LJ and, dro LJ and, zhu LJ ah, mo LJ evelnik and related words formed from them, for example: zhu LJ aniye, mo LJ evel. Letters LJ are also written in words and forms derived from the verb burn (tourniquet), For example: LJ meaning, connection LJ tion, LJ eat, LJ yes, with LJ no.

Double consonants at the junction of prefix and root

Double consonants in Russian words are written at the junction of a prefix and a root, if the prefix ends and the root begins with the same consonant, for example: be ss porno, in ss tanning, in zz thinking, according to dd hold on, oh tt imagine.

Notes:

1. With letters ss words formed from the root are written -counts- using the attachment races -, For example: ra ss read, ra ss read. Words with the same prefix and root -even- are written with one With , For example: calculation, prudent(But countless, from no account).

2. Double consonants can occur in suffixes and at the junction of a root and a suffix, for example: traditional nn oh, unity nn oh, sailor ss cue. We will consider these cases later.

Double consonants in foreign words

Most double consonants are found in foreign words, for example: appeal, intellectual, occupant. These words, like words with unverifiable spellings, need to be memorized. Below is a list of the most common words with double consonants.

Words with double consonants

• aggressor
• apparatus
• association
• allegory
• appetite
• attache
• annotation
• artillery
• certificate
• cancel
• assistant
• attraction
• appeal

• ballad
• barricade
• fiction
• vote
• pool
• newsletter

• group

• discussion
• thesis
• differentiation

• illusion
• illuminations
• illustration

• classic
• a comment
• concession
• team
• communism
• correspondent
• colloquium
• communique
• crystal
• column, colonnade
• compromise
• crystalline, but crystalline
• colossus
• congress
• cross
• commission

• weight
• metal
• mission

• an occupation
• opposition
• opponent

• parallel
• pessimism
• progress
• passive
• press
• profession
• platform
• program

• director
• spring
• repression

• symmetry
• surrogate

• telegram
• territory
• track
• tennis
• terror
• troupe
• terrace
• a ton, but five ton
• tunnel and tunnel

• hockey

• celluloid
• cellulose

• chassis
• highway

• expression
• Effect

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It came unexpectedly, silver streams ran along the sloppy paths. Winged wanderers have returned from distant lands, these feathered workers tirelessly build their nests.”

The spring picture conveyed by this text makes us remember the rules for writing double consonants.

in borrowed words

If the spelling of double consonants in a word cannot be checked in any way, then they are called double. These words must be memorized. As this rule requires, we remember the words with double consonants given below.

1. Some Alla, Anna, Vassa, Inessa, Ella, Rimma, Kirill, Savva.

2. terrace, ton, effect, tennis, repression, program, column, correspondent, assembly, alley, ball, etc.

3. Some original Russian words: Russia, burns, buzzes, yeast, quarrel.

4. In all words that are the same root as the above.

Differences between words with different numbers of consonants

When some words have one consonant and others have double consonants, the rules are as follows:

1. If it differs in the number of consonants, then these are most likely different words with different lexical meanings:

• ton - a measure of weight, tone - the case form of the word tone - a shade of sound or color;
• cash register - a device for storing money, touch - connection at any point;
• point is a unit of assessment, ball is an evening of relaxation with dancing.

Example sentences:

• A ton of coal has already been loaded onto the ship.
• Igor had never heard such a pure tone before.
• The cash register is closed today.
• The touch was weak.
• I got a high score in the exam.
• Natalya was invited to the ball.

2. There are cases when the number of identical letters does not affect the lexical meaning of words: Alla - Alka, crystal - crystal, art - skillful, correspondent - junkor, column - column, Finn - Finnish, ton - five-tonka.

There are no double consonants

If we take, for example, the word “aluminum”, then it contains one letter “l”. Remember words that do not have double consonants. Example words:

• apartments;
• balustrade;
• gallery;
• humanist, humanistic;
• decibel;
• dealer, dealer;
• amateur, amateurish;
• drama, dramatic, dramatic;
• imitation, imitate;
• corridor, corridor;
• midget;
• producer, producer

with double consonants

Usually words are transferred into syllables: ma-shi-na. doubled consonants are:

• Part of the word with one consonant remains on one line, and part of the word with the second consonant is transferred to another: column-na, tone-na, Al-la, Russia.
• If possible, transfer words with doubled consonants in a place where there is no doubled consonant: art, terrace, correspondent.

Unfortunately, even adults sometimes make mistakes, or don’t know how to correctly pronounce such words. To prevent confusion from happening to you, let's discuss in what cases hyphenation of words with double consonants is unacceptable. Examples:

• alley;
• terrace;
• art.

In addition, the rules for transferring double consonants prohibit transferring words with one vowel sound: class, score, burns.

At the junction of morphemes

When the end of a prefix and the beginning of a root, the end of a root and the beginning of a suffix, or a suffix are the same letter, double consonants appear. The rules dictate the following spelling:

• permanent;
• fearless;
• selfless;
• toothless;
• lawless;
• to provoke;
• razzyava;
• story;
• become angry;
• pickle;
• dissect;
• dry up;
• be pinched with cold;
• vestibule;
• give in;
• pry;
• thaw;
• outflow;
• beat down;
• enter,
• up;
• entrusted;
• art;
• Russian;
• sailor;
• Novocherkassk;
• picture;
• old;
• true;
• cardboard;
• cup holder;
• windowsill;
• supporter;
• wanderer;
• chosen one;
• pickpocket;
• raspberry;
• aspen tree

Doubled consonants appear when adding abbreviated stems:

• head physician;
• maternity hospital

In adjective suffixes

In the Russian language, one of the most complex spelling patterns is one and two letters N in suffixes, which are found in words of different parts of speech. Let's consider spelling -n- And -nn- in adjectives. And the table will help us with this.

There are several exceptions to this rule: windy (windless), glass, tin, wood.

Particularly worth mentioning are words that are formed without a suffix:

• pork;
• mutton;
• young;
• scarlet;
• blue;
• green.

In participle suffixes

To apply the rule correctly, words with doubled participle consonants must be distinguished from adjectives. They are formed from verbs:

• proceed - walked;
• paint - painted;
• write - written;
• expel - expelled;
• desire - desired;
• buy - purchased;
• uproot - uprooted;
• elect - chosen;
• heat up - red-hot;
• fry - toasted;
• wake up - awakened;
• delimit - delimited;
• print - printed;
• draw - drawn;
• interrogate - interviewed;
• grab - grabbed.

Spelling double consonants. Rule for participles with one letter N
In short participles	All tasks have been completed.
In imperfect participles without dependent words and prefixes	The bench is painted.
Spelling doubled consonants with two letters N
There are consoles	Tables arranged.
There are dependent words	A bench painted yesterday.

Words to remember: unprecedented, unexpected, unexpected, unexpected, unread.

In adverb suffixes

The same amount is written in adverb words N, how much is in the generating word. This is the simplest rule. Words with double consonants with this spelling exist in the Russian language along with those written with one letter:

• sincere - sincerely;
• accidental - accidentally;
• beautiful - wonderful;
• interesting - interesting.

Test

Now that the topic “Double Consonants” has been studied, the rules are familiar and understandable, you can check how high the level of assimilation of the educational material is.

A. Point. B. Group. B. Class. G. Alley. D. Gallery.

A. You need to leave both letters on the line.

B. Both letters need to be moved to the next line.

A. Definitely need to check.

B. No, you need to remember.

A. Saturday. B. Telegram. B. Story. G. Hockey.

5. In what word are LJ written? Write it _____________________

• bubbling...chewing liquid;
• the iron began to rattle;
• drive across the bridge;
• annoying and...burning;
• release the trap;
• ra..complain to mom;
• you...married land;
• a well-dressed horse;
• see...screaming child.

beech a(l/ll)ya, television(n/nn)aya ante(n/nn)a, dra(m/mm)atic co(l/ll)izia, friendly co(l/ll)ective, interesting piece (s/ss)a, seizing (n/nn) that (r/rr)history, (s/ss)fighting with friends, old dro(f/lj)s, showing gu(m/mm)anism, krista (l/ll) honesty, submit a(p/pp)e(l/ll)ation, a(l/ll)yuminium alloy, inventive art(s/ss)tvo, a(k/kk)urately decompose, talk intelligently, go to the opera(t/tt)u, Ma(s/ss)onskaya lodge, am fond of be(l/ll)ethristics, a(p/pp)etite pie, art(n/ nn)aya ga(l/ll)ery.

Assignments in GIA format

• The snow has already melted.
• The banks are...heated in the spring.
• The sun mercilessly eats up the snow drifts.
• The rays... pitilessly burn the yellowed fields.
• The streams... dried up.
• The travelers walked along the road…holding each other.
• Everyone sat around the fire.

• It’s a pleasure to walk with a filled bucket along a barely visible path to the hut.
• He liked everything here and delighted him: how large drops splashed, falling from the leaves of the trees, how peacefully the fire crackled and the breathtaking smell of the forest soil.
• My grandmother collected herbs: St. John's wort, plantain, fern, and always told me about their healing, mysterious properties.
• His tanned face was furrowed with deep wrinkles.
• The owner spoke unusually tenderly when talking to the pigeons.
• We approach the house and see that the gate is open: it is flapping from the wind, and the latch is torn off... ah.
• The next day the gate was more painted...and its hinges were greased.
• In the park, right at the entrance, there is a wooden bench.
• Near the bench there were new pillars dug in..s.
• The waves lazily crawled onto the sand and slowly crawled away, leaving behind an edge of snow-white foam.
• The dog stood and looked into the distance of the sea, numb, with its tail drooping.
• Grandmother was sitting at the table, silent and slowly chewing bread.
• The dog was huge, with a big head and lion paws.
• He was wearing faded, incredibly wide canvas pants.
• Posters were posted all over the city.
• Everyone left, and only the sleek faces of the lackeys flashed in the corridors.
• In the center of the room there was a table covered with a gold-woven tablecloth.

3. Select the sentences in which the numbers are correctly indicated, in the place of which NNs are missing.

• On the table there are (1) a lot of vases with flowers and a pile of (2) branches, so that the dishes stand as if in a sacrament (3) more often. (3)
• At the end of the nineteenth century, the variable-fill thermometer was invented. Behind such a wise (2) name was hidden a device designed (3) to measure temperature in a small range. (13)
• On a hot day, I sat by a wooden (1) pier and ate ice cream (2) with crushed (3) nuts. (1)
• The peaches (1) laid out on the table, prepared (2) for the compote, are not yet clean. (2)
• The glass (1) doors were loose (2), and their constant (3) ringing merged with the ringing of the chandelier. (13)
• At the end of the long (1) corridor there was a fenced off (2) closet that served as a guest (3). (1)

Answers

1. Which word is spelled incorrectly?

D. Gallery.

2. What is the answer to the question: “How to transfer a word?” will it be true?

B. Leave one letter on the line and move the other.

3. Answer: is it possible to check double consonants?

B. No, you need to remember.

4. Which word has a double consonant rather than a double one?

B. Story.

5. In what word are LJ written? Write it: scorched.

6. One or two letters are missing in brackets:

Beech alley, television antenna, dramatic collision, art gallery, friendly team, interesting play, captured territory, quarrel with friends, old yeast, show humanism, crystal honesty, appeal, aluminum alloy, inventive art, neatly laid out, intelligently talk, go for an operetta, a Masonic lodge, I am fond of fiction, a delicious pie.

Assignments in GIA format

1. Which sentences contain words that are written with double consonants?

• The streams have dried up.
• The travelers walked along the road, supporting each other.
• Everyone sat around the fire.

2. Which sentences contain words with two letters N?

• It’s a pleasure to walk with a filled bucket along a barely visible path to the hut.
• He liked everything here and delighted him: how large drops splashed, falling from the leaves of the trees, how the fire crackled peacefully and the breathtaking smell of the forest soil.
• My grandmother collected herbs: St. John's wort, plantain, fern, and always told me about their mysterious healing properties.
• The owner spoke unusually tenderly when talking to the pigeons.
• There is a wooden bench in the park right at the entrance.
• The waves lazily crawled onto the sand and slowly crawled away, leaving behind an edge of snow-white foam.
• The dog stood and looked into the distance of the sea, numb, with its tail drooping.
• Grandmother was sitting at the table, silent and slowly chewing bread.

The answers to the third task are given in the text itself, in brackets.

The spelling of double consonants in the roots of borrowed (foreign) words is determined in dictionary order , eg: abbreviation, acclimatization, accompaniment, accreditation, neat, alley, antenna, appeal, apparatus, association, attraction, Foreign words with single consonants : aluminum, gallery, dessert, dealer, amateur, impresario, corridor, office, official, offshore, report, race, soffit, bullfighter, sidewalk, plug, emigration and many others.

Double consonants are also written in some proper names, for example: Haggai, Apollo, Vissarion, Gennady, Hippolytus, Cyril, Philip, Alla, Anna, Apollinaria, Bella, Henrietta, Inna, Rimma; Akkerman, Bessarabia, Bonn, Holland, Essentuki, Odessa .

In options diamond - diamond and derivative words ( brilliant - brilliant, brilliant - brilliant, brilliantine - brilliant) the second members of these pairs are written with the same letter l before b . The same applies to options like million - million, millionth - million, billion - billion(the second members of such pairs, limited in use, are found more often in poetry).

In words formed from stems ending in two identical consonants, double consonants before suffixes are preserved, for example: group - group, group, group; program - program, software, program; point – five-point, Gauls – Gallic, metal – metallic, metallurgist; class - class, cool, classmate; compromise - compromise, kilowatt - kilowatt, libretto - librettist, Normans - Norman, antenna - antenna man, bath - bathtub, Dardanelles - Dardanelles, Calcutta - Calcutta, Cannes(And Cannes) – Cannes, Ravenna – Equals

However, instead of a double consonant, a single consonant is written in the following cases:

1) in diminutive and familiar forms of personal names with a suffix -To (A), e.g.: Alla - Alka, Stella - Stelka, Emma - Emka, Zhanna - Zhanka, Inna - Inka, Rimma - Rimka, Vassa - Vaska, Mirra - Mirka, Marietta - Marietka, Savva - Savka, Kirill - Kirilka, Philip - Filipka(Also: Filipok, genus. P. Filipka? And Filipchik);

2) single letter n – in any words with a suffix -To (A), e.g.: Finnish(cf. Finn), five-ton, three-ton (ton), column (Column), antenna (antenna);

3) in the following words: crystal (crystal), Finnish (Finn), operetta (operetta).

When abbreviating words containing a double consonant, only one consonant is retained in compound abbreviated words, for example: record (gramophone recording), office (correspondent office), terrorist attack (terrorist attack), groupcom, grouporg, special correspondent.

In the first part of compound words written with a hyphen, double consonants are preserved, for example: mass indicator, mass culture, mold, press center, express analysis, watt-second; same in word wattmeter.

FOR LESSON 3.

After sibilants, vowels are written:

· and, a, y in all words ( thicket, cleaning).

Exceptions: jury, brochure, parachute;

· And after ts written in all words ( circus, revolution), except:

o endings ( skiers);

o suffix -eun- (Kuritsyn);

o five exception words: gypsy, chick, tiptoe, tut, chick;

· e written in unstressed position: plush, awkward, gully;

· oh, oh written with emphasis:

o in the roots of words the letter O need to remember: seam, rustle, hood; letter e you can check: whisper - whispers;

o in suffixes and endings of all words formed not from verbs, only O: hook, canvas, with baby, large;

o in verbs and in words formed from verbs, only e: flowing, stew - stewed - stew+ words to -yor: conductor.

FOR LESSON 4

The most important spelling rules.

Letters b and b.

4. Letter b written to indicate the softness of consonants, except sibilants, at the end of a word, for example con b , Sol b , those b .

Note. At the end of a word after a sibilant letter b put to indicate
word forms, for example: wilderness b (see paragraph 20), stretch b (see paragraph 66), cut off b (see paragraph 67).

5. Letter b written to indicate the softness of a consonant sound preceding a hard consonant, for example: WHO b mu, hammer b ba, nyan b ka, sun b my.

6. Between soft consonants a letter b is written if, when the word is changed, the second consonant becomes hard, and the first retains its softness, for example: WHO b mi - WHO b mu, hammer b be - hammer b ba, nyan b ki - nyan b ka, sun b mi - sun b my, (compare words in which no letter is written between soft consonants b ; branches(because branch), worms(because worm-hole), death(because mortal).

Note 1: In some cases the letter b placed between consonants to indicate grammatical form: 1) in imperative verbs ( ready b those, sit down b those, acquaintance b hang on); 2) in the indefinite form of the verb ( will cook b Xia, sits down b Xia, will introduce b Xia); 3) with the declension of some nouns and numerals ( children b mi, people b mi, horses b mi, four b me).

Note 2. After the sibilants the letter b used either to indicate the form of a word, or as a separate sign: 1) eat b those, director b those(imperative form); 2) you wash your face b Xia(second person singular form); 3) Ostrich b Xia(infinitive); 4) face b Yu(as a separator).

7. Letter b used after soft l , stands before any consonant (both hard and soft), for example: in l ny, meh l face down, se l yeah, vsko l s.

Note. Between two soft ones l letter b is not written, for example: gu ll willow, uh ll in(Greek).

8. Letter ъ used only as a separator before letters her) , Yu , I in the following cases:

a) between a consonant prefix and a root starting with letters her) , Yu , I , For example: under ъ rides, about ъ eat, above ъ natural, voleiiz ъ phenomenon, between ъ tiered;

b) in compound words after numerals two-, three-, four-, For example: two ъ tiered, three ъ lingual;

c) in foreign words after foreign prefixes, for example: hell ъ Utahn, in ъ lecture, con ъ juncture, counter ъ tier, about ъ ect, sub ъ ect, trance ъ European and so on.

Spelling of prefixes

Console, prefix (from lat. praefixus"attached in front") - part of the word before the root. In Russian words, there can be from 1 to 3 prefixes before the root: tremble, join, open. Most Russian prefixes coincide in form and partly in meaning with prepositions (bezdorozhny - without a road, verbal - from the verb, from below, from under the forehead - from under the forehead), particles (not appearing - not to appear). Among the prefixes of the Russian language there are a number of borrowed ones: A in the meaning of “not”, anti - “against”, archi - “very”, counter - “against”, pan - “all”, sub - “under”, trans - “through” and etc.

2.1. Spelling of immutable prefixes
Most prefixes in Russian are unchangeable, i.e. Regardless of the sound in one position or another, they are written uniformly. The spelling of such prefixes should be remembered. For a list of unchangeable prefixes, see the table:

ABOUT-	called out, stop, sediment, go numb
BEFORE-	get there, get there, guess
BY-	belief, courtyard, cut, rely
PRO-	boil, gap, trick, grow
PRA-	In a special meaning: (meaning of kinship) great-grandmother, proto-language
ON THE-	attack, cover, overtake
BEHIND-	wonder, prisoner, pick up, hammer
OVER- (NADO-)	bite, crack, inscribe, tear
UNDER- (UNDER-)	melt, sharpen, suggest, wait
OT- (OTO-)	give away, rest, move aside, open
OB-(OBO-)	trim, grind, wipe, go around
V- (VO-)	to your heart's content, to sew in, to cling to, to involve
PRE-	chairman, predecessor, predetermine
RE-	humus, overflow, distortion
C- (CO-)	move get lost save give up make friends do bend over	There is no prefix in the words: here, local, building, health, no way and cognates.

2.2. Spelling of prefixes in ...z - ...s
In the Russian language there are prefixes in which letters alternate Z And WITH :
WITHOUT- / BES- , RAZ- / RAS-, WHO- / VOS- (VZ- / VS-), IZ- / IS-, NIZ- / NIS-, THROUGH- / THROUGH- (THROUGH- / THRASS-)

Doubled consonants appear at the junction of morphemes (atzz come on, rass to mat); in dictionary words of foreign language origin (andkk urate, coll lecture); in suffixes of individual parts of speech (we will talk about this in the corresponding section of the workshop).

Double consonants in foreign words should be memorized.

There are words that have a double consonant before the ending (programmm ah, grupp A). Before a diminutive suffix-To- , as well as suffixes-n- , -sk- double consonants are preserved (programmm ka, grupp ka). There are a few exceptions:

- in proper names (All a – Al ka, Ann a – An ka, Kirill – Kiril ka, Filipp – Filipp ka);

- in common nouns (cristall – Kristal ny,But Kristall ichical, Kristall IR; colonn a – colon ka, but colonn hell; normnn s is the normn sky, operatt a - operaT ka, finn – fin skiy, fin ka, thennn a – threeton ok, but thennn as much).

Words with a double consonant lose one of them if they become part of a compound word: gramm background record - gram plate.

Something to remember : ss ora,LJ young, droLJ and, inLJ and, moLJ evelnik, zhuLJ at, uhm game (exit), andmm immigration (entry)

Exercise 9. Write it down, inserting a letter where necessary. Give an interpretation of words with a lexical meaning unknown to you.

Inka...sator, a...symmetry, de...sant, emi...sia, cassation court, and...lusia, qualification, a...sociation, collection...collective, collective, gallery...congress..., o... ponent, s...uda, crystal..., crystal...lic, uh...migrant, and...migrant, colossal, a...null, dealer...ler, mo...zhelnik, a...credit, per...ron, bri...liant, you ...married, trembling, problem...ma, dile...ma, corridor, balloon, a...traction, ap...ok...al...ipsis, a...rtamenty, tank.. .laurel, Belarusian...sy, pass...ovat, passivity, o...official, group...pka, billionaire, producer...ser, racism, colo ...greasy, opera...tka, calculating, program...mka, fi...ny, Finnish...skiy, fi...nka (type of knife), crystal...al, clothing ...sits, pres...-center, bru...to, not...to, gu...tapercha, li...liput, co...rida, stressful, emi... siya, ko...mixes, ko...legal, broker...ker, dealer...ler, ke...ler, ha...ker, ma...sonstvo, pa...sazhir di...sonance, and...sku ...art, art...skilled, compromise..., gallery...gallery, co...respondent, appeal...and...illusions, di...fer...ence, a...luminium, com...munique, commerce, and...immunity, bri... liant, su...realism, a...notation, di...ser, e...fect, quantity, resources, te...racoty, a...literation, communicative.

3. Spelling of prefixes

3.1. Spelling of prefixes pre- and pre-

The vowels in the prefixes PRE- and PRI- are written depending on the meaning:

attachment PRE- It hastwo values: highest quality (pre wise) and in the meaning “through” (pre hail);

prefix PRI- It hasfive values: spatial proximity (at station), approaching, joining (at fasten), incomplete action (at sit down), bring the action to completion (at think) and accompanying action (at bragat whistle).

It is necessary to distinguish : pre to happen – “to be” andat to happen - “to come”;pre give - “commit betrayal” andat give – “to give something extra”;pre affairs - “border” andat del – “extension”;pre sneer - “to treat with contempt, disrespect” andat mature - “to give shelter and food”;pre step - “disturb” andat step - “start”;pre create – “realize” andat create – “cover up”;pre reduce - “many times” andat reduce - “a little”;pre walking – “short-lived, temporary” andat walking - “somewhere”.

Something to remember writing prefixes in foreign words that begin with combinations of pre- and pre-, which are not prefixes:pre zidium,pre resident,pre mier,pre people,pre ambulatory,pre sumption,pre zent,pre tension,pre tendent,at mitive,pre fekt,at priority, etc.

Exercise 10. Copy by inserting the missing letters.

To... be on time, to... close in front of someone, in the coastal greenery, to... be present when the scenery changes, an un...acceptable option, the old way. ..given, pr...multiply the state, stumbling block, honorary pr...sidium, enduring truth, interrupted discussion, not pr...cr...cha... ...recriminations, pr...open the veil of secrecy, impenetrable...prospects, pr...attend at the presentation of the book without...interrupting the conversation, pr...form on the edge of the bench, without (h, s) straight...s...sweat, to...overcome super...natural obstacles, to...exceed all expectations, to...stop and... .howling in surprise, neglect of duty, primitive answer, pro...mathematician, important pr...education, pr...demands, pr...pones ts...nzurs, continuous...river...my authority, pr...validate above everyone, wrong opinion; be(z,s)pr...ce...dental incident, slightly (slightly) pr...reduce, too (s,s) too pr...increase, pr...saturation, without (h, s)... to obey unconditionally, to... stay in the mountains, to... endure the heat, to... endure hardships, to... the creator, to... overlook lies, etc. ...to give meaning, claims are unfounded, to...buy a bicycle, continuity of generations, to...stop traffic, to...be in the dark, etc... matters of patience, an indispensable condition, pr...the rise of power, pr...give a lesson, a stumbling block, overlook threats, priority directions, pr...be on schedule, pr ...the imaged city, the...strange...miracle, the indispensable...condition, the...fastidious passenger, the valuable...acquisition, the...notorious......tse... dent, pr...decorate reality pr...see an orphan, pr...flatter, pr...applicant for a position, unpretentious...wanting in everything, without pr...beauty, pr...tolerate, pr...close, pr...see off, pr...come.

Exercise 11. Make up and write down word combinations with these pairs of words:

Pretend - pretend; acceptable - successor; to arrive - to remain; coming - transitory; bow down - bow down; endure - endure; despise - despise; give - betray; aisle - limit; fall - teach; perverted - gatekeeper; to transgress - to begin;