REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

UDC 332.146.2

problems of improving the quality of economic space in resource-oriented regions of the Russian Federation

n. t. avramchikova,

Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Department of Finance and Credit E-mail: [email protected]

m. n. Chuvashova,

postgraduate student of the Department of Finance and Credit E-mail: [email protected] en Siberian State Aerospace University

The article defines the role and significance of the quality of economic space for regional development, identifies the specifics of the economic space of resource-oriented regions, and reveals the problems of forming economic space in regions of this type. The main conceptual provisions for the formation of economic space in resource-oriented regions have been developed, which ensure the implementation of regional economic policy in accordance with the typification of economic spaces of regions and the identification of specific features of resource-oriented regions. In the course of the study, the main directions for improving the quality of the economic space of resource-oriented regions were identified, which involve qualitative transformations of the territorial structure in regions of this type and contribute to increasing their competitiveness, which is an urgent need in the context of economic globalization.

Key words: economic space, resource-oriented region, economic space typification, territorial structure, economic growth.

The specifics of the economic space of resource-oriented regions and the problems of its formation

The economic space develops the initial ideas about the territory and is defined as a saturated territory containing many objects and connections between them: settlements, industrial enterprises, economically developed and recreational areas, transport and engineering networks, etc. Each region has its own internal space and connections with outside space.

It is well known that the main wealth of any country is its territory and population, they are also the main attributes of the state. The success of the economic development of the region and the country as a whole largely depends on the order of organization and placement of industrial production facilities on its territory.

The analysis of domestic and foreign developments in the field of regional studies allowed

Table 1 Gross domestic product per capita in resource-oriented regions in the Russian Federation in comparison with the developed countries of the world, thousand dollars

the authors conclude that the necessary conditions for the effectiveness of the development of the economic space at the regional level are its rational territorial structure and the outstripping development of economic enclaves, the innovative activity of which contributes to the spread of innovations in their zones of influence and ensures smoothing of disproportions in the level of socio-economic development of the region as a whole , providing economic growth .

In Russia, the economy of resource-oriented regions has a focal type of development, and innovation processes in it, respectively, are of a pronounced local nature. The main problems of the socio-economic development of a resource-oriented region, due to its specifics, are:

The vastness of the territory and low population density, which prevents the uniform distribution of productive forces in the economic space of the region;

Concentration of natural resource potential in underdeveloped and hard-to-reach areas of the region;

Limited number of economically active population;

Focal type of development of the industrial complex, the presence of sharp disproportions in the level of socio-economic development of the territories;

The conditionality of economic growth, as a rule, due to the development of primary industries;

Limited investment and financial resources and the need to purposefully link them to growth points in the region's economy;

High differentiation in the level of income and quality of life of the population of the region.

From the point of view of relations with the federal center, the main problems remain:

The dirigiste policy of equalizing the level of socio-economic development of the regions, which does not adequately provide the regions with economic freedom;

Insufficient decentralization in management methods that provide for the transfer of certain subjects of jurisdiction of the Russian Federation to the regional level;

The low efficiency of the ongoing state regional economic policy, which does not give rise to incentives for the subjects of the Federation to invest in science and technological developments.

Analysis of the state of socio-economic development of resource-oriented regions, located mainly in Siberia, in comparison with macro- and mesoeconomic indicators in the world economy is given in Table. one.

Based on the data presented in table. 1, it follows that the intensity of development of the economy of the regions of Siberia, which are mainly (with a few exceptions) resource-oriented, in terms of the level of production of gross regional product (GRP) per capita, lags significantly behind world indicators. Thus, in 2011, in the regions of Siberia, GRP per capita amounted to 7.9 thousand dollars, which is 77.8% less than in high-income countries of the world, and 6% less than in the world on average ( this lag is 34.2% from the average Russian indicators.

Based on the data presented in table. 2, it follows that the largest share in the total number of subjects of the Russian Federation (almost 52%) is occupied by subjects systematized according to the indicator under study in the group “up to 100 thousand rubles. GRP per capita” (43 subjects of the Russian Federation, where more than 45% of the population of the country live), have this level of intensity of production of material goods. Thus, studies show that the largest number of Russian regions in terms of GRP per capita are lower than the world average.

Territory 2005 2010 2011

High income countries 29.0 35.2 35.5

World average 5.4 7.5 8.4

Russia 11.8 11.7 12.0

Siberia 2.1 7.1 7.9

table 2

Grouping regions of the Russian Federation by the size of the gross regional product

per capita in 2011

Groups of regions of the Russian Federation Regions Share of groups, °%

in terms of GRP per capita, thousand rubles Number In % of total Population GRP

Up to 100 9 10.8 5.4 4.2

101-200 43 51,8 45,1 34,9

201-300 21 25,3 31,3 28,5

301-400 5 6,1 6,6 10,3

401 and above 5 6.0 11.6 22.1

Total... 83 100 100 100

Table 3

The main indicators of the development of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in comparison with the Siberian Federal District and average country indicators in 2011 at current prices

Object of study and GRP indicator Volume of shipped goods of own production, performed works and services Retail trade turnover

Russian Federation, GDP, total, billion rubles (including per capita, thousand rubles) 54,586.0 (381.8) 35,052.6 (245.1) 19,082.6 (133.5)

Siberian Federal District, total, billion rubles (including per capita, thousand rubles) 4,795.6 (252.4) 3,121.9 (161.8) 2,064.1 (107.2)

Krasnoyarsk Territory, total, billion rubles (including per capita, thousand rubles) 1,188.8 (419.5) 990.2 (353.6) 361.6 (127.6)

in the resource-oriented region (Krasnoyarsk Territory) compared with similar data for the Siberian Federal District and Russia as a whole. These studies are presented in table. 3.

Based on the results of the analysis, we can conclude that the Krasnoyarsk Territory has per capita indicators higher than the average for Russia: in terms of GRP (GDP) - 1.1 times, in terms of the volume of shipped goods of own production, work performed and services - 1 ,4 times. Compared to similar indicators in the Siberian Federal District, the excess is 1.7 and 2.2 times, respectively, which indicates the presence in this resource-oriented region of unused reserves to improve the quality of the economic space and the efficiency of its development.

The main provisions of the conceptual approach to the formation of the economic space of resource-oriented regions

The main provisions of the conceptual approach to the formation of the economic space of resource-oriented regions are based on the interaction of management theories and regional economics with an assessment of the effectiveness of the result obtained and are as follows:

In the implementation of regional economic policy in accordance with the typification of the economic spaces of the regions and the allocation of specific features of resource-oriented regions;

In improving the quality of the economic space of resource-oriented regions by changing the territorial structure that ensures the location of production and transport communications in accordance with the specifics of the regions and taking into account natural and climatic conditions;

In developing criteria for assessing the quality of the economic space of resource-oriented regions;

In substantiating the impact of economic growth in resource-oriented regions as a determining factor in the formation of economic potential to improve the quality of economic space.

Within the framework of this conceptual approach, as well as on the basis of the results of studies conducted to identify factors and problems that affect the improvement of the quality of the economic space of resource-oriented regions, the main principles that ensure the improvement of the quality of management decisions are summarized and systematized:

The principle of scientific validity - the development and improvement of criteria for assessing the quality of the economic space, taking into account the achievements of the theory of regional economics, testing new tools for assessing the data obtained, using the capabilities of modern information technologies;

The principle of ensuring the qualitative state of the economic space of the region;

The principle of innovative activity is the susceptibility of the region to innovations, the presence in developing industries of the growth pole of science-intensive and high technologies and the spread of innovation impulses to the zones of its influence;

The principle of subsidiarity of territorial administration is the delegation of part of the powers of the executive authorities of the federal center to the regional level in order to fulfill them more effectively.

The formation of the provisions of the conceptual approach to the formation of the economic space of resource-oriented regions ensures the development of methodological guidelines for improving its quality and contributes to the effectiveness of managerial decision-making.

main directions for improving the quality of the economic space

resource-oriented regions

Conducting a regional economic policy in accordance with the typification of the economic spaces of the regions and the allocation of specific features of resource-oriented regions. Given the presence of territorial differentiation of the socio-economic situation in the development of the regions of the Russian Federation, it is advisable to pursue a regional policy that should take into account the rather pronounced specifics of their development. In the course of the study, the authors determined the typification of economic spaces of resource-oriented regions on the example of the regions of the Siberian Federal District using an integral assessment of the socio-economic development of regions in terms of industrial production, the level of employment, the standard of living and the budgetary and financial situation. The typification of the economic space of the regions of the Russian Federation by the level of their development can be represented as follows:

1) regions with developed economic space - this group includes regions with a high degree of agglomeration and a high level of industrial development, scientific and technological progress and intensification of production. They have a large contingent of qualified specialists and workers, large and expensive industrial and production assets, and a significant research and development base (especially in the military-industrial complex). A sufficient level of combination of market relations with their state regulation allows these regions to have their own financial resources to activate "points of growth" and perform "donor" functions for loss-making subjects of the Federation. This group of regions is called upon to act as "generators" of economic and organizational progress, with their help it is possible to ensure the strategic competitiveness of Russia in the world economy

This group includes a subgroup of high-tech regions with leading industries - high-tech engineering and chemical industry. These regions have a high level of industrial production and, as a rule, a positive balance of budgetary flows between the regions and the federal center. Of the resource-oriented regions of the Siberian Federal District, this subgroup includes the Omsk, Tomsk and Novosibirsk regions. The subgroup of raw material regions includes regions specializing in the extraction and production of high-quality types of primary raw materials and structural materials, in the basic industries - fuel and energy and metallurgical. In the Siberian Federal District such regions are the Kemerovo and Irkutsk regions and the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

The state regional policy in regions of this type should be aimed at ensuring the greatest freedom and competition of commodity producers, enhancing economic activity, taking into account the existing favorable prerequisites. This implies a massive attraction of capital into the manufacturing sector, in the manufacturing industry with high technology. Developed regions are called upon to be leaders of active structural transformations on the principles of a neo-industrial type of economy, the formation of knowledge-intensive, highly productive

ny and resource-saving, as well as export and import-substituting industries, service types of services;

2) regions with underdeveloped economic space - underdeveloped (economically backward) are regions with extremely low intensity and low parameters of economic activity, with a one-sided (non-diversified) structure of the economy, with a sharp lag behind the main regions in the development of the production base, social sphere and market infrastructure, with high unemployment and low living standards, with the highest subsidization of territorial budgets among the subjects of the Federation. This subgroup of resource-oriented regions of the Siberian Federal District includes the republics of Tyva and Khakassia. An active regional policy in relation to regions of this type should provide for their accelerated economic growth and social upsurge. It consists in the implementation of a set of measures for state support, aimed primarily at the implementation of non-capital-intensive (quickly payback projects and programs), at reducing budget subsidies and reducing the gap in the levels of economic and social development with the average for the country.

For economically backward regions, the tasks of preventing a decline in the standard of living of the population and minimizing negative consequences, counteracting the trend of deterioration in the demographic situation and manifestations of population depopulation are relevant. The main ways to solve these problems are the implementation of centralized investments from federal sources in new construction, mainly in industry, infrastructure (industrial and social), as well as the stimulation of private investment in certain sectors of the economy (including the agro-industrial complex) through soft loans and taxes, etc. e. (i.e., these regions require strengthening the mechanisms of state regulation of the economy, including the activation of territorial integration);

3) regions with an economic space in the stage of depression - regions of this type are characterized by:

Relatively high level of economic potential;

A significant share of industry and in many cases its leading industries in the structure of the economy;

Improved skills of local labor resources.

However, as a result of the low competitiveness of core industries, unstable supply chains, or a reorientation of the strategic course (for example, the development of the military-industrial complex), these regions have recently been characterized by a deep and persistent economic recession, high unemployment, low investment activity, low levels of financial and budgetary security and real incomes. population, its sharp social stratification. In the Siberian Federal District, Altai Krai is such a region.

One of the main guidelines of the regional policy is the strengthening of financial stability on the basis of budgetary federalism, the settlement of financial relations with the federal center. The main instruments of state support for depressed regions are:

Preferential loans from centralized sources or compensation of part of the interest rate on loans from commercial banks in the implementation of effective projects and programs;

Introduction of incentive payments to enterprises for the creation of new jobs;

The use of higher depreciation rates for the active part of fixed assets, etc.

It is also relevant to encourage the growth of private investment in the economy with their involvement in predominantly the most competitive projects - the basic links of structural reforms;

4) regions with a crisis economic space - this type of state of the economic space includes regions that have been devastated by natural or man-made disasters, regions of widespread socio-political conflicts and deep economic shocks, etc. Currently, there are no regions of this type in the Siberian Federal District.

Summing up the presented typification, we can conclude that for developed regions, the emphasis is on the activation of private entrepreneurship, for underdeveloped and crisis regions - on state support, while for

in depressed regions, the combination of both directions and management mechanisms is optimal.

Changing the territorial structure of a resource-oriented region, which ensures the location of production and transport communications in accordance with its specifics and taking into account natural and climatic conditions. In the process of development and economic use of the territory, the territorial structure of the economic space is formed, which includes the following types of organization: focal and scattered; evenly-nodal and agglomeration-nodal. The most important components of the single economic space are the national (all-Russian) markets for goods and services, labor and capital. Most countries of the world have a heterogeneous economic space, within the boundaries of which special parts are distinguished: enclaves and exclaves, while the enclave is understood as a separate area, which, in relation to the surrounding territory, differs in specific conditions (free and offshore zones), and the exclave - as separated from main area part. The structure of the spatial theories of the regional economy consists of theories of the development of the region, theories of interregional economic relations, and classical theories of location.

The territorial structure of the economic space is a series of economic systems, divided into regions of various ranks. The spatial division of labor loses the features of geography and is transformed from territorial to technological or functional. The condition of the territorial division of labor and its prerequisite is the refusal of the territory from self-sufficiency with everything necessary and specialization in the production of a product for exchange.

The territorial organization of production and the territorial distribution of productive forces are carried out and improved as human society develops. The spatial aspect of development is especially important for Russia, which has a large extent and significant regional and settlement features. The Krasnoyarsk Territory occupies 1/6 of Russia, more than ten nationalities live on its territory, in connection with which the spatial

development aspect is very important for him. In market conditions, the distribution of productive forces has its own patterns and characteristics.

The territorial division of labor determines the specialization of regions in sectors of the economy, the concentration and development of which are especially effective there. This is due to the use of cheaper (compared to other regions) natural, labor and other resources, the benefit of the location, local socio-economic conditions and factors. The objective prerequisites for the territorial division of labor are the differentiation of geographical conditions and the level of development of productive forces achieved in various regions of the country.

The territorial division of labor leads to the development of interregional ties between regions for the exchange of products and services. Along with the regional division of labor, there is a process of intra-regional specialization, which is a reflection of the intra-district division of labor. This process is accompanied by the concentration of production and population in certain parts of the territory. As a result, industrial centers, centers, nodes and territorial clusters appear at the intra-regional level.

It should be noted that the economic concepts of zoning and distribution of productive forces have been developed abroad on the basis of the allocation of gravity zones and market zones.

The idea of ​​economic zoning abroad was reflected in the concepts of "growth poles", "central places", "gravity zones" and in practical implementation in industrial parks, technology parks, technopolises. This idea is initiated by the governments of foreign countries for the implementation of territorial shifts in the distribution of productive forces and for the implementation of a selective regional policy, especially for depressed and economically backward areas. This experience of regional development and the introduction of the territorial factor into the process of making federal and state decisions are a timely and urgent task for Russia.

The development of market relations has made adjustments to the theoretical foundations of the territorial organization of production in Russia. The policy of equalizing the development of regions has lost its effectiveness. The old tools for managing regional development do not work, and often

their use leads to negative results. Under market conditions, the gap in economic growth rates between individual subjects of the Russian Federation is an objective trend. The constant increase in this gap, despite interbudgetary transfers, is becoming the main social contradiction that gives rise to political conflicts, i.e., the limit of the policy of leveling the territories has not yet been reached. The time has come to fundamentally change the attitude towards the concept of managing regional development and, following the requirements of the market, move to a policy of polarized development (development focused on priorities).

The polarized development of regions suggests that it is possible to "catch" the natural process of polarization of economic development and give it a balanced and manageable character. At the same time, it is necessary to form regions - locomotives of growth (supporting regions) that have an innovative and investment impact on the rest of the territory. With this approach, the following results will be achieved: the territorial integrity of the country and its individual regions will be preserved; there will be a reduction in the areas of crisis territories; a global region will be formed, comparable to the world's global regions.

The development of the territorial structure is carried out on the basis of the country's urbanization and transport mainline. Both of these processes determined the growth of territorial concentration in its various forms: point (large cities), areal (urban agglomerations) and linear (chains of cities, megalopolises).

1. Urbanization. In the XX century. An urban revolution has taken place in Russia. Over the century, the number of cities has increased by 2.2 times, but the main thing is the development and multiplication of the number of large cities. The category of large cities acquires new properties in all subsystems: in the economic base, in the population, in the planning organization. Thus, a fundamental change in the territorial structure of the country and the distribution of the population is carried out. The growth of big cities is a worldwide trend. They have the potential that makes them the locomotives for the development of their regions and the country as a whole. The authors emphasize that big cities are not just leaders of socio-economic development,

gatekeepers of progress, creators of the new in all spheres of life (territorial organization is also increasingly centered around cities, that is, they are the focus of territorial development).

Around large cities, satellite cities arise, giving rise to agglomerations - "constellations" of cities, which have become a key form of modern settlement. Agglomeration is a means of increasing the share of economical short connections, which is very important for the vast and underdeveloped territories of Siberia. About 30% of the total number of new cities that emerged in Russia during the 20th century were the immediate surroundings of large centers, multiplying their potential. A new type of city has emerged - science cities, which are also predominantly satellite cities of large regional centers. Critics of the recent past, when they write that a large number of new cities were created in vain, while it was necessary to develop the old ones, forget that the large centers of old Russia (except St. Petersburg) did not have cities in their immediate surroundings. Consequently, the creation of new satellite cities was a necessity, because it ensured a natural transition to the agglomeration (post-city) stage of settlement development. In the form of large multifunctional centers, the potential of which was strengthened by satellite cities, active points of growth were created. It was thanks to them that success was achieved in the development of education, culture and art, science and technology, nuclear power, lasers, jet aircraft, etc. were created.

2. Trunking. As you know, trunk-ization is an increase in the speed of movement and carrying capacity of all types of transport. In Russia (due to its vast expanses and distances), this tool for changing the territorial structure is very relevant. It was in Russia that powerful and high-speed modes of transport were created for the development of space and the longest railways in the world were built. Further development of the mainline will make it possible for Russia to use its intercontinental position effectively and with great economic benefit. The Institute of Economics and Organization of Industrial Production of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, summarizing the results of the developments of its own and other organizations, proposed a concept for the development of transport corridors on the territory of Russia, which implies

creation and development of three latitudinal and four meridional corridors, the use of which will significantly increase the competitiveness of the eastern regions of the country.

Agglomeration and mainline provide economic compression of space. Not compression by "culling out" territories, but economic compression based on a rational territorial organization. At the same time, points of growth arise not only in “privileged” areas, but everywhere, providing an increase in the quality of life of the population. As a result of using these tools for the development of the territorial structure, a supporting frame is formed, which is formed by a combination of leading centers and highways connecting them - this is a dispersed concentration. The supporting frame combines two multidirectional development trends: towards territorial concentration and towards dispersal. Our country has always been characterized by the development of urbanization predetermined by geographical and historical conditions both "in breadth" and "in depth". The fulfillment of central functions by cities forces them to disperse, to strive for a more or less uniform coverage of the territory. The benefit from the economic contraction of space, on the contrary, makes them gather in territorial groups, form agglomeration clusters (it should be noted that the economic contraction of space occurs quite actively in the conditions of growth, development, and not recession and crisis).

The completion of the creation and overhaul of the territorial structure is one of the conditions for the revival of Russia, and the rationalization of the territorial structure is an important reserve for its development. Much depends on what model of economic development Russia will be able to implement: with an emphasis on raw materials industries or, conversely, on high-tech industries. Russia has great opportunities for each of the two directions, and for their combination. Under all circumstances, especially taking into account the current situation, the primary industries now and in the foreseeable future will form the basis of the Russian economy. They provide the main products for export and foreign exchange earnings. Therefore, the use of the richest resources of the North will continue. This predetermines the need for close attention to the North in general, the definition

effective northern policy, which determines the relevance of the development of resource-oriented regions of the country in general and the Siberian Federal District in particular.

As noted by authoritative Russian scientists, the construction of transcontinental transport routes, in which the world community is also interested, will make significant changes to the territorial structure of Russia. The connectivity and improvement of the quality of the economic space of the resource-oriented regions of Siberia, i.e. its agglomeration and mainline development, will ensure major shifts in the territorial structure.

Substantiation of the influence of the economic growth of a resource-oriented region on improving the quality of its economic space. Solving the problem of improving the quality of the economic space is directly related to overcoming autarkic tendencies, with the development of interregional ties for the rational use of the competitive advantages of territories in the interests of both regional communities and the state as a whole, contributing to the economic growth of the region at any hierarchical level.

Within the framework of neoclassical theory, the mechanism of self-organization of the economic space is realized through the flow of labor and financial resources. It is believed that regions in the maturity stage are sources of capital, since their savings exceed investment opportunities. This situation is due to the following circumstances:

First, savings are growing faster than incomes;

Secondly, at the stage of maturity, there is a stabilization or even a decrease in the supply of labor due to the completion of the urbanization stage. Capital from developed regions is directed to less developed regions, since there are opportunities to obtain a higher rate of return due to the low cost of labor and other production factors. In addition, regions lagging behind in development have the opportunity to increase the supply of labor due to the migration of the rural population to cities.

Thus, in accordance with the ideas of neoclassical economic theory, the most important component of the mechanism of self-organization of the economic space is

capital migration, which allows accelerating the process of regional development and works towards smoothing out regional inequalities.

Along with the migration of capital, the heterogeneity of the economic space, expressed as a significant differentiation in the level of income, also determines the migration of labor. At the same time, the direction of migration flows, as a rule, is opposite in relation to capital flows. Thus, the movement of the labor force is directed from poor regions to rich ones, which contributes to the growth of regional differentiation.

The integral effect of labor and capital migration depends on their relative mobility. If capital is highly mobile and the labor force is low, then the main influence on the change in the economic space will be provided by capital flows, and, consequently, lagging regions will show higher growth rates compared to developed ones. However, if capital is immobile and labor is mobile, then regions with high incomes and labor shortages will have high levels of population growth and gross regional product.

The main tasks of economic development in the regions are:

Increasing expanded reproduction in industries;

Increasing the competitiveness of Russian industrial products in domestic and foreign markets;

Diversification of industrial production;

Rapid development of industries that produce products with a higher share of value added;

Priority development of high-tech and knowledge-intensive industries, a significant increase in the share of innovative products in the total volume of industrial production and a number of other tasks.

It should be borne in mind that industrial policy at the present stage of development is not sectoral, but regional in nature. Economic growth in the region is based on the formation of regional and local markets, effective regional economic complexes and “growth points”, the outstripping development of which is ensured

determines the effectiveness of the development of a resource-oriented region.

However, it should be noted that the implementation of this policy requires a certain degree of financial freedom of the regions, allowing them to quickly manage the economy of the region and form a development strategy for the future.

Let us consider the state of the economy of a resource-oriented region in dynamics using the example of the Krasnoyarsk Territory (Table 4).

Based on the data presented in table. 4, it follows that in the region under study there is a dynamic development of the economic space: a steady growth rate of GRP, an increase in the total volume of production of goods and services, including innovative goods. Investments in fixed assets and average monthly accrued wages also tend to grow. However, the region lacks the financial resources necessary to increase innovation receptivity, as evidenced by the decline in 2011 by 39 billion rubles. net financial result compared to the previous year.

Conclusions from the results of the study

As a result of the research, it can be concluded that at present, in the regional economic policy pursued by the federal center, there is a certain combination of interests of the center and regions, which allows, to a certain extent, to ensure the growth rate of the regional economy in a number of subjects of the Federation.

At the same time, in order to improve the quality of the economic space of resource-oriented regions, to enhance their innovative development in the implementation of regional economic policy by the federal center, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the development of the economy of these regions and qualitative transformations of the territorial structure in regions of this type, which is an urgent need in the context of economic globalization. .

In addition, it must be taken into account that one of the conditions for the development of a country with a federal state structure is the existence of financial independence of all subjects of the Federation, in the absence of which the subsidized subject of the Federation is subject to bankruptcy and

connection to the most economically strong regions. It is this formulation of the question that corresponds to the status of the Federation, which preserves and develops the market and each constituent entity.

Bibliography

1. Avramchikova N. T. Theoretical aspects of assessing the quality of economic space // Regional economy: theory and practice. 2012. No. 35 (266). pp. 2-13.

2. Avramchikova N. T. Prospects for the development of a region with a sparse economic space in the context of globalization // Regional Economics: Theory and Practice. 2010. No. 5 (140). pp. 16-19.

3. Kistanov VV Association of regions of Russia M.: Economics. 2007. 139 p.

4. Lappo G. M. Cities of Russia. Geographer's view. Moscow: New chronograph. 2012. 504 p.

5. URL: http://report. en/stat.

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