In July 2015, the President of Russia signed the Federal Law on Education No. 273 as amended. The previous version was adopted on December 21, 2012.
This bill provides every citizen of Russia with the constitutionally guaranteed right to receive education in our country. Let's take a look at what changes have been made to it.
Changes:
- The deadline for issuing documentation for schools and universities was extended until 2017. In particular, these structures have one more year left to properly issue their license and undergo accreditation.
- Also, the winners of the Olympiads can use their achievements for another 4 years when entering higher educational institutions in Russia.
- The educational system has also changed. Thus, pre-school institutions are now included in the 1st level of vocational training.
Types of education in the Russian Federation under the new law
According to the new law (Article 10, 273 of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation, as amended in 2016), the types of education in our country are divided into four levels of education:
- 1. Preschool
- 2. Common primary
- 3. Basic general
- 4. General average.
The stages of professional acquisition of knowledge are as follows:
- 1. Secondary vocational
- 2. Higher - bachelor's degree
- 3. Higher - specialty, magistracy
- 4. Preparation of the highest personnel qualification.
Methodical day of the teacher according to the new law 273
According to Article 46 of the Federal Law in the new edition, persons who have undergone appropriate special training in educational institutions of a higher and professional order have the right to engage in pedagogical activity. Regularly the teaching staff should improve their qualifications.
A separate paragraph of Article 49 states that certification of educators must be carried out at least once every five years. In addition, there is the so-called intermediate certification, which is carried out almost every year.
The teacher is in charge of drawing up his work plan for the students. To do this, he is given a special methodological day, on which the teacher draws up curricula for classes and adjusts his work.
Article 273 of the Federal Law on Education in the Russian Federation
Law 273 is an important document regulating public relations in the field of the educational process. This current regulatory legal act is freely available on the official website of the Ministry of Education, the text is provided with all the latest additions. You can also read its summary, features and main provisions for free online on the Wikipedia resource. On sites on the Internet, an explanation is given for such a concept as the Federal State Educational Standard - what it is, with answers and pictures. In particular, it says that the fgos (or educational standard) is a set of requirements for training and the level of training of the teaching staff. This document is approved by the federal authority of our state.
Calendar training schedule 2016
The calendar curriculum for 2016 is developed by the teaching staff on the basis of Article 32 of the Law on Education in the Russian Federation. He distinguishes two parts of the educational system, which briefly outlines the plan for the upcoming academic year. Also, the act must indicate the date when it was adopted.
Work program requirements
Federal Law 273 On Education in the Russian Federation defines the requirements for the work program, the charter of educational institutions, the duties of teachers, parents and students.
According to the law, all children have the right to knowledge, the implementation of which is entrusted primarily to schools. The guarantor of this right is the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The program for the educational process also includes amendments regarding persons with disabilities.
The student must attend school without fail, absenting classes should not take place without a good reason. Also, the student is obliged to monitor the state of his health, personal hygiene, observance of discipline and rules of conduct in society.
Legal obligations of parents
The school year has begun, which means that a new law on education has come into force, which determines the actions of subjects in the service sector related to the education of the younger generation. There are many changes in the law on education and they have affected all areas that are in charge of the Ministry of Education. The public has stirred up: beneficiaries fear that their rights will be infringed, parents are beginning to think about ways to get loans to pay for their studies, someone believes that now the ministers will put things in order, while others have thoughts about the onset of general illiteracy.
Kindergartens become the first stage of universal education
For comments, experts turned to First Deputy Minister of Education and Science Natalia Tretyak. Here's what's new in the law on education: education - with public money, supervision and care - at the expense of parents.
Child care allowances will continue
Mrs. Tretyak explains that benefits and compensation payments have been preserved, and their amount has been farmed out to officials from the regions. In some cases, parents can be completely exempted from paying for attending a preschool institution, for the rest, the increase in costs will not exceed 5%: the federal law on education clearly indicates which expenses are prohibited from being included in the payment.
The flow of money from the treasury to the preschool educational institution is not reduced
If parents are presented with bills with serious amounts, preschool institutions will be required to justify the amount of payment in detail. The budget does not provide for a reduction in the amount of funding for kindergartens, the 2013 law on education did not affect the transfer of money from the treasury, which means that evidence of an increase in fees should be quite convincing. Actually, the law on education of 2013 is aimed at ensuring that educational institutions follow its recommendations.
Educational standard for a preschooler
This concept - the standard, which interprets the Russian law on education, is being considered in order to change the direction of education for preschoolers. The duties of the preschool educational institution do not include the task of teaching children to write and count. This will be done by elementary school teachers. It is important to unleash the potential of the child, to instill in him a desire to learn and learn new things, to socialize in a difficult school environment.
And most importantly, the new laws in education in 2013 imposed a ban on the final assessment for preschoolers. Now parents should not worry about whether a child meets the standard or not, because the standards are designed for teachers and parents, not for children.
Schools and the new education law: is the best the enemy of the good?
Lyceums, gymnasiums, schools - equals "schools"
Lyceums and gymnasiums were equalized with schools: the law on education directs the text of its articles to the fact that now there will be no division into types of educational institutions. If before the entry into force of the law, ordinary schools, unlike lyceums and gymnasiums, did not have the right to implement special programs, now they have access to the full range of educational services required by the population. So, the words "gymnasium" and "lyceum" will remain only in the name of the institution, but in fact it will be the same school.
Experts believe that this is a minus: if specialized lyceums had pedagogical staff of a certain qualification and appropriate teaching aids, classrooms and laboratories, then in such institutions children received specialized education, according to the direction of their interests. Now this responsibility will have to be taken over by schools that are not ready for the arrival of the future Perelmans. To make it clearer, it can be associated with higher education: lawyers are graduated both by a multidisciplinary educational institution, the main specialization of which is, say, metal physics, and specialized higher legal academies. Explaining whose education will be quoted higher does not make sense.
Individual training schedule
The new law on education of the Russian Federation defined the concept of an individual study schedule. Natalya Tretiak explained that this means the possibility of drawing up an individual program for attending classes for those students who are not able to go to school regularly:
- students who are seriously involved in sports and absent from school at the time of the competition;
- students of music schools who are on tour;
- children who are transferring from one school to another and have already passed the material that is yet to be studied in a new class;
- students who are unable to attend school regularly for health reasons.
That is, the law on education of 2013 interprets the text of this article as follows: you can change the schedule for visiting an educational institution if it is impossible to do otherwise.
Higher education institutions: solution of the financial problems of the state at the expense of students?
Despite the fact that representatives of the Ministry of Education and Science refute rumors that the 2013 education law of the Russian Federation will deal a financial blow to students, there is no smoke without fire, and everyone shares the alarm.
Dorm fees
According to information provided by Artem Khromov, Commissioner for Student Rights, Volgograd State University has increased the dormitory fee to ten thousand rubles per semester. Students of the Literary Institute put out 2,200 rubles a month, and in the Second Medical Institute - three and a half thousand a month. By law, higher education institutions are required to coordinate the increase in fees with student councils, but in reality such approval was considered a formality. At the same time, the law on education of the Russian Federation in no way affected the amount of funds transferred to universities from the budget for household needs.
Benefits for students to visit museums
Another problem: the law on education revealed a new nuance - it did not contain an article regulating relations between museums and students, namely, stipulating benefits when students visit cultural heritage institutions. As it turned out, there should not be such an article in the law on education - the Ministry of Culture deals with this issue, and the cultural legislation determines the rules for visiting museums, where special rates are set for students of higher educational institutions. On the one hand, no one canceled the benefits, but on the other hand, for some reason, some museums, where students could get for free, now you can go only for money.
Benefits for admission to universities for orphans
In the law on education in 2013, September also introduced such an innovation: orphans will not be given the opportunity to enter a higher educational institution without competitions and tests, as was the case before. According to Mrs. Tretiak, this is a justified move: a large percentage of orphans who entered universities on a non-competitive basis were expelled already in their first or second year due to the fact that students could not cope with a complex curriculum.
Now, free preparatory courses will be organized for orphans, in which students will receive a scholarship. For those who successfully completed school and have high results of the Unified State Examination, admission is organized based on the results of the school exam. At the same time, orphans will also have an advantage when entering a university. According to officials, this form of benefits is more acceptable for applicants.
Final conclusions
The modern law on education is interpreted in terms of "mechanism" in combination with "recommendations". By “mechanism” we mean the coordinated work of all elements of the education system, without failures and overlays, otherwise individual details may be left out. As for "recommendations", this means that educational institutions and regional authorities can independently determine the program of action. That's just such freedom of choice is relative and will be available to units out of a thousand.
Ordering a useful form from a law firm is very expensive. Because the absence of inaccuracies is skilled labor requiring qualifications. In the process, the document is a substitute for the entity of the applicant. The reader involuntarily receives emotions about the signatory, that he put in his own reasons, reading the appeal and its content. In cases where the result is revealed from an inner conviction, this happens to be archi-essential.
This indicator should not be less than that provided by the federal body;
Verkhovna Rada adopted the Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education"
On July 1, 2014, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted in the second reading the Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education" as a whole.
The main innovations of the Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education":
1. A separate collegial body will be created - the National Agency for Quality Assurance in Higher Education.
2. Anti-plagiarism norms and responsibility for them will be significantly strengthened (obligatory publication of scientific works).
3. A new mechanism for electing rectors of higher education institutions will be created (the participation of the entire teaching staff and the number of students who will participate in the voting will be increased in the appropriate proportion (no more than 15%)). It is planned that the elections will be held in one round according to the "transitional vote" system.
4. For rectors, deans and heads of departments, the restriction of tenure is prescribed - no more than two terms (5 + 5).
5. All higher educational institutions will have the right to finally award academic degrees (the issue of accreditation of special councils and consideration of appeals against their decision remains in the National Agency).
6. State universities will be able to place their own receipts from their educational, scientific and training-and-production activities on the accounts of institutions of state banks.
7. Reduced the number of teaching hours for teachers per position from 900 hours to 600 hours. The workload for students has been reduced - the number of hours in one credit has been changed from 36 to 30.
8. Starting from 2016, a new mechanism for electronic admission to universities and automatic placement of state order places will be introduced.
9. Conditions have been created to increase the mobility of students and teachers.
10. During the transitional period specified in the bill, the junior specialist level was removed from the higher education system and the junior bachelor's degree was introduced as a shortened cycle of bachelor's training. The law also abolishes the degree of candidate of sciences, but introduces such degrees of higher education: junior bachelor, bachelor, master, doctor of philosophy, doctor of science. At the same time, the degree of Doctor of Philosophy is awarded by a specialized higher council of an educational institution or scientific institution in case of successful completion of the relevant scientific program and public defense of the dissertation. You also need to defend a dissertation to obtain a Ph.D.
The Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education" will come into force after signing by the President of Ukraine.
New Law on Education 2015
Section: Civil law |
The new law "On Education" caused an unprecedented stir both among officials and among ordinary employees of the education sector. And now, the bill, on which the authors have been working for more than 4 years, has finally come into force. What new will he bring to the life of students and teachers?
Highlights of the 2015 Education Law
The task of the Federal Law "On Education" is the settlement of legal relations in the course of the educational process. This document declares an individual approach to the organization of the educational process of each student and contains many new products:
Federal Law "On Education" 2015: teachers and students
The legislators did not ignore the teachers either. Now they have the status of a pedagogical worker. This gives them the opportunity not only to improve their professional level at least once every 3 years, but also to exercise the right to an extended vacation. But teachers with experience are entitled to a long vacation for up to a year. This right is given to them once every ten years. In addition, teachers can count on an early retirement pension, and people living and teaching in rural areas are provided with compensation for housing and communal services.
The new law on education of the Russian Federation of 2015 - text and overview of changes
The school year has begun, which means that a new law on education has come into force, which determines the actions of subjects in the service sector related to the education of the younger generation. There are many changes in the law on education and they have affected all areas that are in charge of the Ministry of Education. The public has stirred up: beneficiaries fear that their rights will be infringed, parents are beginning to think about ways to get loans to pay for their studies, someone believes that now the ministers will put things in order, while others have thoughts about the onset of general illiteracy.
Be that as it may, the new law on education of 2013 is already in force, and experts will help to understand the intricacies of official wording of its articles. You can also download the latest version of the law on education.
Kindergartens become the first stage of universal education
For comments, experts turned to First Deputy Minister of Education and Science Natalia Tretyak. Here's what's new in the law on education: education - with public money, supervision and care - at the expense of parents.
Child care allowances will continue
Mrs. Tretyak explains that benefits and compensation payments have been preserved, and their amount has been farmed out to officials from the regions. In some cases, parents can be completely exempted from paying for attending a preschool institution, for the rest, the increase in costs will not exceed 5%: the federal law on education clearly indicates which expenses are prohibited from being included in the payment.
The flow of money from the treasury to the preschool educational institution is not reduced
If parents are presented with bills with serious amounts, preschool institutions will be required to justify the amount of payment in detail. The budget does not provide for a reduction in the amount of funding for kindergartens, the 2013 law on education did not affect the transfer of money from the treasury, which means that evidence of an increase in fees should be quite convincing. Actually, the law on education of 2013 is aimed at ensuring that educational institutions follow its recommendations.
Educational standard for a preschooler
This concept - the standard, which interprets the Russian law on education, is being considered in order to change the direction of education for preschoolers. The duties of the preschool educational institution do not include the task of teaching children to write and count. This will be done by elementary school teachers. It is important to unleash the potential of the child, to instill in him a desire to learn and learn new things, to socialize in a difficult school environment.
And most importantly, the new laws in education in 2013 imposed a ban on the final assessment for preschoolers. Now parents should not worry about whether a child meets the standard or not, because the standards are designed for teachers and parents, not for children.
Schools and the new education law: is the best the enemy of the good?
Lyceums, gymnasiums, schools - equals "schools"
Lyceums and gymnasiums were equalized with schools: the law on education directs the text of its articles to the fact that now there will be no division into types of educational institutions. If before the entry into force of the law, ordinary schools, unlike lyceums and gymnasiums, did not have the right to implement special programs, now they have access to the full range of educational services required by the population. So, the words "gymnasium" and "lyceum" will remain only in the name of the institution, but in fact it will be the same school.
Experts believe that this is a minus: if specialized lyceums had pedagogical staff of a certain qualification and appropriate teaching aids, classrooms and laboratories, then in such institutions children received specialized education, according to the direction of their interests. Now this responsibility will have to be taken over by schools that are not ready for the arrival of the future Perelmans. To make it clearer, it can be associated with higher education: lawyers are graduated both by a multidisciplinary educational institution, the main specialization of which is, say, metal physics, and specialized higher legal academies. Explaining whose education will be quoted higher does not make sense.
Individual training schedule
The new law on education of the Russian Federation defined the concept of an individual study schedule. Natalya Tretiak explained that this means the possibility of drawing up an individual program for attending classes for those students who are not able to go to school regularly:
That is, the law on education of 2013 interprets the text of this article as follows: you can change the schedule for visiting an educational institution if it is impossible to do otherwise.
Higher education institutions: solution of the financial problems of the state at the expense of students?
Despite the fact that representatives of the Ministry of Education and Science refute rumors that the 2013 education law of the Russian Federation will deal a financial blow to students, there is no smoke without fire, and everyone shares the alarm.
Dorm fees
According to information provided by Artem Khromov, Commissioner for Student Rights, Volgograd State University has increased the dormitory fee to ten thousand rubles per semester. Students of the Literary Institute put out 2,200 rubles a month, and in the Second Medical Institute - three and a half thousand a month. By law, higher education institutions are required to coordinate the increase in fees with student councils, but in reality such approval was considered a formality. At the same time, the law on education of the Russian Federation in no way affected the amount of funds transferred to universities from the budget for household needs.
Benefits for students to visit museums
Another problem: the law on education revealed a new nuance - it did not contain an article regulating relations between museums and students, namely, stipulating benefits when students visit cultural heritage institutions. As it turned out, there should not be such an article in the law on education - the Ministry of Culture deals with this issue, and the cultural legislation determines the rules for visiting museums, where special rates are set for students of higher educational institutions. On the one hand, no one canceled the benefits, but on the other hand, for some reason, some museums, where students could get for free, now you can go only for money.
Benefits for admission to universities for orphans
In the law on education in 2013, September also introduced such an innovation: orphans will not be given the opportunity to enter a higher educational institution without competitions and tests, as was the case before. According to Mrs. Tretiak, this is a justified move: a large percentage of orphans who entered universities on a non-competitive basis were expelled already in their first or second year due to the fact that students could not cope with a complex curriculum.
Now, free preparatory courses will be organized for orphans, in which students will receive a scholarship. For those who successfully completed school and have high results of the Unified State Examination, admission is organized based on the results of the school exam. At the same time, orphans will also have an advantage when entering a university. According to officials, this form of benefits is more acceptable for applicants.
Final conclusions
The modern law on education is interpreted in terms of "mechanism" in combination with "recommendations". By “mechanism” we mean the coordinated work of all elements of the education system, without failures and overlays, otherwise individual details may be left out. As for "recommendations", this means that educational institutions and regional authorities can independently determine the program of action. That's just such freedom of choice is relative and will be available to units out of a thousand.
