Mood forms

1) Verbs in the indicative mood denote an action that is happening, has happened and will happen. From the very name - "indicative" - ​​it follows that the action takes place in reality, in reality.

A verb in the indicative mood can change over tenses: for example, I play, I played, I will play.

2) Verbs in the conditional mood denote an action that could occur under certain conditions.

The conditional mood is formed using the particle "would", as well as the form of the past tense: learn, read.

3) Verbs in the imperative mood denote an action that someone asks or orders to perform.

Such verbs in most cases are used in the form of the second person (sit down, stand up), as well as with the particle "-ka" (read-ka, run-ka). Imperative verbs are often accompanied by an exclamation point.

Rules: indicative mood

To determine what mood the verb is, you need to look at the sentence in which it is used, pay attention to the presence of the particle "would" or the fact of a request, an order.

Most often there are verbs of the indicative mood - this is the form that we use in everyday life.

Indicative verbs can be seen in narrative, descriptive and reasoning texts, since this form is almost universal.

Verbs in the indicative mood can be in any tense - past, present or future. This is due to the fact that the indicative mood does not carry almost any emotional coloring (unlike, for example, the imperative, which is possible only in the future tense).

Also, the verb in the indicative mood can change according to the category of the person, as well as the category of the aspect - to be perfect or imperfective.

It must be remembered that in some cases the verbs of the indicative mood can be used in the meaning of the imperative mood: “Go, go!”, “And bring me kvass” - as a rule, such a choice is made so that the appeal sounds polite, and not like an order.

An indicative verb can contain an interrogative intonation. But the reverse connection is also possible: the use of the verb of the imperative mood in the meaning of the indicative - "Someone and whisper in my ear ..." - to create the effect of description.

This choice, as a rule, is explained by the desire of the author to give his text a brighter stylistic coloring. In neutral speech, such techniques are usually not used.

Each part of speech has its own morphological features that characterize its grammatical properties. Knowledge of these distinctive features will allow not only to correctly use word forms, but also to write them correctly. Characteristics influence, for example, the choice of suffixes for participles and gerunds and personal endings for nouns. To describe the verb, the form (perfect and imperfect), reflexivity, transitivity, tense, number, person, gender and mood are used. The last characteristic helps to determine other non-permanent properties of this part of speech and makes it possible to find out whether one or another form of the verb can be formed. What is the subjunctive, imperative and indicative mood? What is their role?

Definition

First, you need to understand what inclination is. According to dictionaries, this is a grammatical category denoting the relation of action to reality. In Russian, there are three, as mentioned above, moods. Complicated wording, right? Let's try it easier.

Each of the three moods is responsible for a particular situation. For example, to describe a possibility, an unrealistic, hypothetical action, the subjunctive mood is used ("I would go", "I would read", "I would draw"), which can be recognized by the particle "would". In order to order something, there is an imperative (“tell”, “go away”, “breathe”). The indicative mood of the verb allows you to report any action that occurred in the past, present and future - this is precisely the advantageous difference between this type of mood and others.

Some more theory

Let's move on to time. As mentioned just above, the indicative mood can exist in any tense of the Russian language, only the form of the verb will change from this (“read - reads - will read”, “written down - will write down”). But there is one clarification here, which is already noticeable in the examples: for imperfective verbs, both the past, present and future tense are available, while the perfective form forms only past and future forms. Try to form the present tense for the verb "to speak". And make sure that you can do this only when its appearance changes. Thus, the form of the indicative mood allows you to understand what form a given verb has (easier to say, it answers the question “what to do?” Or “what to do?”).

Other moods

A useful clarification: not only the indicative mood allows you to talk about the tense of the verb. In the case of the subjunctive (it is also called conditional, by the way), everything is simple: exclusively the past, formed with the help of the suffix "l" ("I would read", "I would go in", "I would rest", "I would knit"). Therefore, words have only number and gender, no person. The particle "would", which serves as a kind of beacon of this type of mood, can be both before and after the verb, and, in principle, can be in any part of the sentence.

The indicative and imperative moods have person and number, but in the case of the latter one cannot speak of gender: for “orders” only the second person (“you / you”) is available in the singular and plural (“refuse / refuse”, “pour / pour” , "leave/leave"). By the way, there is one caveat here: using the particle “let” or “yes”, you can translate any verb in the third person (“he, she, it, they”) into the imperative mood (“let him come back”, “long live”).

Nuances

Sometimes it happens that the indicative mood of a verb can be used in the sense of an imperative. Some researchers note that it is possible to talk about the transition of one mood to another when an order is expressed that does not tolerate objections (“go”, “say”), or to indicate an incentive to joint action (“let's start”, “let's go” ). In the latter case, the particles "let's" / "let's" and the intonational emphasis of the verb are also used, explaining its meaning in the context. Compare: "Tomorrow we will go to the mountains" and "Let's go skiing!" It's the same word, but the shades of meaning are different.

Repetition

Now let's try to consolidate information about all types of inclination.

The subjunctive (it is also conditional) is a hypothetical action, a possible situation. It is formed by adding the particle “by” (“b”) to the past tense verb, does not have a person, changes only in numbers and gender: “would say”, “would drink”, “would quit”.

Imperative - an order or instruction. Verbs of the second person singular and plural are used, but sometimes a third person with the particle “let” is also allowed: “speak”, “refuse”, “let him sing”, “long live”.

The indicative mood is a description of an event that happened at any moment. Exists in the past, present and future tenses, in all persons, numbers and genders (for imperfective verbs, for perfect - only in the past and future tenses). Under certain conditions, it can move into other types of inclination. To repeat, we will use a table that shows all forms of the verb "read".

As you can see, everything is very simple. In fact, the mood of verbs is one of the simplest topics in the Russian language, so remembering all its nuances will not be difficult at all.

indicative mood

An inclination denoting that the action is conceived by the speaker as affirmed or denied, as quite real, really happening, happening or about to happen. The indicative mood differs from other moods in that it has the forms of time.

The indicative mood can be used in the meaning of the imperative:

a) to express an order that allows neither objections nor refusal. You go to the doctor, write out a prescription from him, and by three o'clock you will definitely return home with the medicine;

b) to encourage joint action (forms with the affix -te add a hint of a polite invitation). Come quickly with me(Krylov). Let's go, my friend!(Chekhov). The same meaning is expressed in combination with the incentive particles give (give) and let's (let's). Let's fly away(Pushkin). let's go(Chekhov).

Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms. Ed. 2nd. - M.: Enlightenment. Rosenthal D. E., Telenkova M. A.. 1976 .

See what the "indicative mood" is in other dictionaries:

indicative mood- The inclination of the verb, denoting the actually performed action in the present, future or past tense. Verbs in the indicative mood represent an action that: 1) took place in the past; 2) takes place in the present; 3) will take place in ... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

See indicative … Five-language dictionary of linguistic terms

- (lat. modus indicativus) expresses the presence or absence of an unconditioned (objective) action, within one time or another, as if in contemplation of the action; various relations of the subject to this action are not determined by him and ... ... Wikipedia

Mood- Mood is a grammatical category that expresses the relation of the action, called the verb, to reality from the point of view of the speaker. Inclination is a grammatical way of expressing modality (VV Vinogradov). The grammatical meaning of forms ... ... Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary

Morphological category of conjugated (personal) forms of the verb. Represents an event as real in one of the three tenses of the verb. The verb in the indicative mood changes by person and number, in the past tense by gender. It is expressed by a set of personal ... ... Literary Encyclopedia

See indicative mood (in the article mood) ... Dictionary of linguistic terms

Indicative- INDICATIVE. A verb form or a set of verb forms showing that the action or state denoted by the stem of the verb is conceived by the speaker as actually happening, happening or about to happen. I. N ... Dictionary of literary terms

INCLINED, inclinations, cf. 1. Action according to Ch. tilt tilt and tilt tilt. 2. The form of the verb, expressing how the action is presented as real, desired, required, etc. (gram.). Indicative. Commanding... ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

LEANING, I, cf. In grammar: a system of forms (paradigm) of a verb expressing the relation of action to reality. Indicative, imperative, subjunctive n. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

MOOD, the grammatical category of the verb (see VERB), the forms of which express differences in relation to the content of the statement to reality or in relation to the speaker to the content of the statement (indicative, subjunctive, imperative, ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Books

• Workshop on Spanish grammar. Indicative mood (+MP3), L.P. Kuznetsova. This study guide contains grammatical exercises on the use of tenses of the indicative mood (modo indicativo). The book provides keys to exercises for translation from Russian ... eBook
• Workshop on Spanish grammar. Indicative mood, Kuznetsova Larisa Petrovna. This study guide contains grammatical exercises on the use of the tenses of the indicative mood. The book provides keys to exercises for translating from Russian into Spanish.…

Russian verbs can be used in three moods: indicative, conditional and imperative. Let's consider each inclination in more detail.

Indicative

The indicative mood of the verb serves to convey the presence or absence of an action within any time (past, present or future). The main difference between verbs in the imperative mood is that they can change over time. Read more about verb tense in the article. So, if the verb is in the present, past or future tense and conveys a real action, then it is used in the indicative mood.

Example: The cup is (was, will be) on the table.

Conditional mood

Used to express an action that can only be performed under certain conditions. A distinctive feature is the addition of the particle "would" ("b"), which can be placed anywhere in the sentence. Used only in the past tense.

Example: The cup would have been on the table if he had not taken it.

Imperative mood

Serves to convey the will of the speaker (request, advice, order). Most often it is in the second person. The number in this case can be both singular and plural. Example: Put (place) a cup on the table.

If the imperative mood is used in the third person, then it will necessarily have a future tense, and the words “let” (sometimes “yes”) are added to it. Example: Let him put the cup on the table.

If such a verb is used in the first person, then it must be plural. Sometimes the word "come on" is added. Example: [Come on] Put the cup on the table. In the presence of all these signs, we can say that the verb is used in the imperative mood.

In Russian, there are subjunctive, imperative and indicative moods. The beauty for us, as native speakers of the Russian language, is that by name we intuitively understand the essence of these grammatical categories, even if we cannot explain this from the standpoint of linguistics. used when there is a certain condition for an action to take place. we use when we command or order someone to do something, and the indicative mood - when we tell something, express our thoughts. But this is a philistine approach. Let's look at the category of mood from the position of linguistics.

So, any, and not just indicative, mood expresses the relation of action to reality from the position of the one who speaks. Therefore, we can consider inclination as an intentional, that is, depending on the goal of the speaker, category. To determine the mood, the position of the subject is always determined first, since it determines whether the action is desired, possible, or intended.

Reality and the possibility of action in 3 tenses - present, past and future - expresses the indicative mood. Example:

I never thought that Beijing is such a beautiful city.

Looking through old photographs, he involuntarily recalled the past.

It seems that nothing can be returned.

Tiredly leaning on a stick, the old man hobbled along the snow-covered alley.

Next week I'll go and talk to him, and by then you'll have all the documents ready.

Signs of the indicative mood are endings that indicate the person and the indicative mood can be perfect and imperfective and have the form of gender and number.

The indicative mood in English is close to that in Russian. It performs the same functions and also shows that the action can be carried out at different times.

The imperative mood shows the expression of will to the second person, the addressee of the message. Inclination can act as an order, a request. All forms of the imperative mood are used in the 2nd person only in the active voice.

There are verbs from which it is not formed. It is "to be able", "to see", "to want". The fact is that these verbs denote an action that cannot be controlled by a person. Some linguists endure the indicative mood as a kind of imperative, or rather, its forms and combinations with the particle "let". For example:

Leave the kids alone, let them play.

Let it be as it is, no need to change anything.

As well as poetic forms with a particle "yes":

Long live the peaceful sky, happiness and the sun!

The examples described are called synthetic forms of the imperative.

The subjunctive expresses a theoretically possible action. This action
can be realized if certain conditions are met. The mood is formed by adding the particle "by" to the verb, that is, analytically:

If yes, if only mushrooms would grow in your mouth!