Introduction
Without a doubt, all our knowledge begins with experience.
(Kant Emmanuel. German philosopher g. g)
Physical experiments in an entertaining way introduce students to the various applications of the laws of physics. Experiments can be used in the classroom to draw students' attention to the phenomenon being studied, when repeating and consolidating educational material, and at physical evenings. Entertaining experiments deepen and expand students' knowledge, contribute to the development of logical thinking, instill interest in the subject.
The role of experiment in the science of physics
That physics is a young science
Can't say for sure here.
And in ancient times knowing science,
Always strive to reach it.
The purpose of teaching physics is specific,
To be able to apply all knowledge in practice.
And it is important to remember - the role of the experiment
Must be in the first place.
Know how to plan and execute experiments.
Analyze and bring to life.
Build a model, put forward a hypothesis,
Strive to reach new heights
The laws of physics are based on facts established by experience. Moreover, the interpretation of the same facts often changes in the course of the historical development of physics. Facts accumulate as a result of observations. But at the same time, they cannot be limited only to them. This is only the first step towards knowledge. Next comes the experiment, the development of concepts that allow qualitative characteristics. In order to draw general conclusions from observations, to find out the causes of phenomena, it is necessary to establish quantitative relationships between quantities. If such a dependence is obtained, then a physical law is found. If a physical law is found, then there is no need to set up an experiment in each individual case, it is enough to perform the appropriate calculations. Having studied experimentally the quantitative relationships between the quantities, it is possible to identify patterns. Based on these regularities, a general theory of phenomena is developed.
Therefore, without experiment there can be no rational teaching of physics. The study of physics involves the widespread use of the experiment, the discussion of the features of its formulation and the observed results.
Entertaining experiments in physics
The description of the experiments was carried out using the following algorithm:
Name of the experiment Necessary instruments and materials for the experiment Stages of the experiment Explanation of the experiment
Experience #1 Four floors
Devices and materials: glass, paper, scissors, water, salt, red wine, sunflower oil, colored alcohol.
Stages of the experiment
Let's try to pour four different liquids into a glass so that they do not mix and stand one above the other in five floors. However, it will be more convenient for us to take not a glass, but a narrow glass expanding towards the top.
Pour salted tinted water into the bottom of a glass. Roll out “Funtik” paper and bend its end at a right angle; cut off its tip. The hole in the Funtik should be the size of a pinhead. Pour red wine into this cone; a thin stream should flow out of it horizontally, break against the walls of the glass and flow down it into salt water.
When the layer of red wine is equal in height to the height of the layer of tinted water, stop pouring the wine. From the second cone, pour sunflower oil into a glass in the same way. Pour a layer of colored alcohol from the third horn.
https://pandia.ru/text/78/416/images/image002_161.gif" width="86 height=41" height="41">, tinted alcohol has the smallest.
Experience #2 Amazing Candlestick
Devices and materials: candle, nail, glass, matches, water.
Stages of the experiment
Isn't it an amazing candlestick - a glass of water? And this candlestick is not bad at all.
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Figure 3
Explanation of experience
The candle goes out because the bottle is “flown around” with air: the jet of air is broken by the bottle into two streams; one flows around it on the right, and the other on the left; and they meet approximately where the flame of a candle stands.
Experience number 4 Spinning snake
Devices and materials: thick paper, candle, scissors.
Stages of the experiment
Cut a spiral out of thick paper, stretch it a little and put it on the end of the bent wire. Holding this coil over the candle in an updraft of air will cause the snake to spin.
Explanation of experience
The snake rotates because the air expands under the influence of heat and the transformation of warm energy into motion.
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Figure 5
Explanation of experience
Water has a higher density than alcohol; it will gradually enter the vial, displacing the mascara from there. Red, blue or black liquid will rise in a thin stream from the bubble upwards.
Experiment No. 6 Fifteen matches on one
Devices and materials: 15 matches.
Stages of the experiment
Put one match on the table, and 14 matches across it so that their heads stick up and the ends touch the table. How to lift the first match, holding it by one end, and with it all the other matches?
Explanation of experience
To do this, you only need to put one more, fifteenth match on top of all the matches, in the hollow between them.
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Figure 7
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Figure 9
Experience No. 8 Paraffin motor
Devices and materials: candle, knitting needle, 2 glasses, 2 plates, matches.
Stages of the experiment
To make this motor, we don't need electricity or gasoline. We need only ... a candle for this.
Heat the needle and stick it with their heads into the candle. This will be the axis of our engine. Place a candle with a knitting needle on the edges of two glasses and balance. Light the candle at both ends.
Explanation of experience
A drop of paraffin will fall into one of the plates placed under the ends of the candle. The balance will be disturbed, the other end of the candle will pull and fall; at the same time, a few drops of paraffin will drain from it, and it will become lighter than the first end; it rises to the top, the first end will fall, drop a drop, it will become easier, and our motor will start to work with might and main; gradually fluctuations of the candle will increase more and more.
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Figure 11
Demonstration Experiments
1. Diffusion of liquids and gases
Diffusion (from Latin diflusio - spreading, spreading, scattering), the transfer of particles of different nature, due to the chaotic thermal motion of molecules (atoms). Distinguish between diffusion in liquids, gases and solids
Demonstration experiment "Observation of diffusion"
Devices and materials: cotton wool, ammonia, phenolphthalein, diffusion observation device.
Stages of the experiment
Take two pieces of cotton wool. We moisten one piece of cotton wool with phenolphthalein, the other with ammonia. Let's bring the branches together. There is a pink staining of the fleece due to the phenomenon of diffusion.
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Figure 13
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Figure 15
Let us prove that the phenomenon of diffusion depends on temperature. The higher the temperature, the faster diffusion proceeds.
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Figure 17
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Figure 19
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Figure 21
3. Pascal's ball
Pascal's ball is a device designed to demonstrate the uniform transfer of pressure exerted on a liquid or gas in a closed vessel, as well as the rise of a liquid behind a piston under the influence of atmospheric pressure.
To demonstrate the uniform transmission of pressure produced on a liquid in a closed vessel, it is necessary, using a piston, to draw water into the vessel and firmly fit the ball onto the nozzle. By pushing the piston into the vessel, demonstrate the outflow of liquid from the holes in the ball, paying attention to the uniform outflow of liquid in all directions.
Most people, remembering their school years, are sure that physics is a very boring subject. The course includes many tasks and formulas that will not be useful to anyone in later life. On the one hand, these statements are true, but, like any subject, physics has the other side of the coin. But not everyone discovers it for themselves.
A lot depends on the teacher.
Perhaps our education system is to blame for this, or maybe it's all about the teacher, who thinks only about the need to reprimand the material approved from above, and does not seek to interest his students. Most of the time it's his fault. However, if the children are lucky, and the lesson will be taught by a teacher who loves his subject himself, then he will be able not only to interest the students, but also help them discover something new. As a result, it will lead to the fact that children will begin to attend such classes with pleasure. Of course, formulas are an integral part of this academic subject, there is no escape from this. But there are also positive aspects. Experiments are of particular interest to students. Here we will talk about this in more detail. We will look at some fun physics experiments that you can do with your child. It should be interesting not only to him, but also to you. It is likely that with the help of such activities you will instill in your child a genuine interest in learning, and "boring" physics will become his favorite subject. it is not difficult to carry out, this will require very few attributes, the main thing is that there is a desire. And, perhaps, then you can replace your child with a school teacher.
Consider some interesting experiments in physics for the little ones, because you need to start small.
paper fish
To conduct this experiment, we need to cut out a small fish from thick paper (you can use cardboard), the length of which should be 30-50 mm. We make a round hole in the middle with a diameter of about 10-15 mm. Next, from the side of the tail, we cut a narrow channel (width 3-4 mm) to a round hole. Then we pour water into the basin and carefully place our fish there so that one plane lies on the water, and the second remains dry. Now you need to drip oil into the round hole (you can use an oiler from a sewing machine or a bicycle). The oil, trying to spill over the surface of the water, will flow through the cut channel, and the fish, under the action of the oil flowing back, will swim forward.
Elephant and Pug
Let's continue to conduct entertaining experiments in physics with your child. We suggest that you introduce your baby to the concept of a lever and how it helps to facilitate a person’s work. For example, tell us that you can easily lift a heavy wardrobe or sofa with it. And for clarity, show an elementary experiment in physics using a lever. To do this, we need a ruler, a pencil and a couple of small toys, but always of different weights (that's why we called this experiment "Elephant and Pug"). We fasten our Elephant and Pug to different ends of the ruler using plasticine, or an ordinary thread (we just tie the toys). Now, if you put the ruler with the middle part on the pencil, then, of course, the elephant will pull, because it is heavier. But if you shift the pencil towards the elephant, then Pug will easily outweigh it. This is the principle of leverage. The ruler (lever) rests on the pencil - this place is the fulcrum. Next, the child should be told that this principle is used everywhere, it is the basis for the operation of a crane, a swing, and even scissors.
Home experience in physics with inertia
We will need a jar of water and a household net. It will not be a secret for anyone that if you turn an open jar over, the water will pour out of it. Let's try? Of course, for this it is better to go outside. We put the jar in the grid and begin to smoothly swing it, gradually increasing the amplitude, and as a result we make a full turn - one, two, three, and so on. Water does not pour out. Interesting? And now let's make the water pour up. To do this, take a tin can and make a hole in the bottom. We put it in the grid, fill it with water and begin to rotate. A stream shoots out of the hole. When the jar is in the lower position, this does not surprise anyone, but when it flies up, the fountain continues to beat in the same direction, and not a drop from the neck. That's it. All this can explain the principle of inertia. When the bank rotates, it tends to fly straight, but the grid does not let it go and makes it describe circles. Water also tends to fly by inertia, and in the case when we made a hole in the bottom, nothing prevents it from breaking out and moving in a straight line.
Box with a surprise
Now consider experiments in physics with displacement. You need to put a matchbox on the edge of the table and slowly move it. The moment it passes its middle mark, a fall will occur. That is, the mass of the part extended beyond the edge of the tabletop will exceed the weight of the remaining one, and the boxes will tip over. Now let's shift the center of mass, for example, put a metal nut inside (as close to the edge as possible). It remains to place the boxes in such a way that a small part of it remains on the table, and a large one hangs in the air. The fall will not happen. The essence of this experiment is that the entire mass is above the fulcrum. This principle is also used throughout. It is thanks to him that furniture, monuments, transport, and much more are in a stable position. By the way, the children's toy Roly-Vstanka is also built on the principle of shifting the center of mass.
So, let's continue to consider interesting experiments in physics, but let's move on to the next stage - for sixth grade students.
water carousel
We need an empty tin can, a hammer, a nail, a rope. We pierce a hole in the side wall at the very bottom with a nail and a hammer. Next, without pulling the nail out of the hole, bend it to the side. It is necessary that the hole be oblique. We repeat the procedure on the second side of the can - you need to make sure that the holes are opposite each other, but the nails are bent in different directions. We punch two more holes in the upper part of the vessel, we pass the ends of a rope or a thick thread through them. We hang the container and fill it with water. Two oblique fountains will start to beat from the lower holes, and the can will begin to rotate in the opposite direction. Space rockets work on this principle - the flame from the engine nozzles hits in one direction, and the rocket flies in the other.
Experiments in physics - Grade 7
Let's do an experiment with mass density and find out how you can make an egg float. Experiments in physics with different densities are best done on the example of fresh and salt water. Take a jar filled with hot water. We put an egg in it, and it immediately sinks. Next, add salt to the water and stir. The egg begins to float, and the more salt, the higher it will rise. This is because salt water has a higher density than fresh water. So, everyone knows that in the Dead Sea (its water is the most salty) it is almost impossible to drown. As you can see, experiments in physics can significantly increase the horizons of your child.
and a plastic bottle
Schoolchildren of the seventh grade begin to study atmospheric pressure and its effect on the objects around us. To reveal this topic more deeply, it is better to conduct appropriate experiments in physics. Atmospheric pressure affects us, although it remains invisible. Let's take an example with a balloon. Each of us can inflate it. Then we will put it in a plastic bottle, put the edges on the neck and fix it. Thus, air can only enter the ball, and the bottle becomes a sealed vessel. Now let's try to inflate the balloon. We will not succeed, since the atmospheric pressure in the bottle will not allow us to do this. When we blow, the balloon begins to displace the air in the vessel. And since our bottle is airtight, it has nowhere to go, and it begins to shrink, thereby becoming much denser than the air in the ball. Accordingly, the system is leveled, and it is impossible to inflate the balloon. Now we will make a hole in the bottom and try to inflate the balloon. In this case, there is no resistance, the displaced air leaves the bottle - atmospheric pressure equalizes.
Conclusion
As you can see, experiments in physics are not at all complicated and quite interesting. Try to interest your child - and study for him will be completely different, he will begin to attend classes with pleasure, which will eventually affect his academic performance.
Spring break is approaching, and many parents are wondering: what to do with children? Home experiments in physics - for example, from the book “Experiments of Tom Tit. Amazing Mechanics is a great pastime for younger students. Especially if the result is such a useful thing as an air gun, and the laws of pneumatics become clearer.
Sarbakan - air gun
Air is widely used in various modern technical devices. Vacuum cleaners work with it, car tires are pumped with it, and they are also used in wind guns instead of gunpowder.
The blowgun, or sarbakan, is an ancient hunting weapon that was sometimes used for military purposes. It is a tube 2-2.5 meters long, from which, under the action of air exhaled by the shooter, miniature arrows are ejected. In South America, on the islands of Indonesia and in some other places, the sarbakan is still used for hunting. You can make a miniature of such a blowgun yourself.
What will be required:
- plastic, metal or glass tube;
- needles or sewing pins;
- drawing or painting brushes;
- insulating tape;
- scissors and threads;
- small feathers;
- foam rubber;
- matches.
Experience. The body for the sarbican will be a plastic, metal or glass tube 20-40 centimeters long and with an inner diameter of 10-15 millimeters. A suitable tube can be made from the third leg of a telescopic rod or ski pole. The tube can be rolled up from a sheet of thick paper, wrapped on the outside with electrical tape for strength.
Now one of the ways you need to make arrows.
First way. Take a bunch of hair, for example, from a drawing or paint brush, tie it tightly with a thread from one end. Then insert a needle or pin into the resulting knot. Secure the structure by wrapping it with electrical tape.
The second way. Instead of hair, you can use small feathers, such as those stuffed with pillows. Take a few feathers and wrap their outer ends with electrical tape directly to the needle. Using scissors, cut the edges of the feathers to the diameter of the tube.
The third way. The arrow can be made with a match shaft, and the “feathering” can be made of foam rubber. To do this, stick the end of a match in the center of a foam rubber cube measuring 15-20 millimeters. Then tie the foam rubber to the matchstick by the edge. Using scissors, shape a piece of foam rubber into a cone shape with a diameter equal to the inner diameter of the sarbican tube. Attach a needle or pin to the opposite end of the match with electrical tape.
Put the arrow into the tube with the point forward, put the tube to your closed lips, and opening your lips, blow sharply.
Result. The arrow will fly out of the tube and fly 4-5 meters. If you take a longer tube, then with a little practice and choosing the optimal size and mass of arrows, you can hit the target from a distance of 10-15 meters.
Explanation. The air blown out by you is forced to exit through the narrow channel of the tube. At the same time, the speed of its movement greatly increases. And since there is an arrow in the tube that prevents the free movement of air, it also contracts - energy accumulates in it. Compression and accelerated air movement accelerate the arrow and give it enough kinetic energy to fly some distance. However, due to friction against the air, the energy of the flying arrow is gradually consumed, and it flies.
Pneumatic lift
You've no doubt had to lie on an air mattress. The air it is filled with is compressed and easily supports your weight. Compressed air has a lot of internal energy and exerts pressure on surrounding objects. Any engineer will tell you that air is a wonderful worker. With its help, conveyors, presses, lifting and many other machines work. They are called pneumatic. This word comes from the ancient Greek "pneumotikos" - "inflated with air." You can test the power of compressed air and make the simplest pneumatic lift from simple improvised items.
What will be required:
- thick plastic bag;
- two or three heavy books.
Experience. Place two or three heavy books on the table, for example in the shape of the letter "T", as shown in the figure. Try blowing on them to make them fall or roll over. No matter how hard you try, you're unlikely to succeed. However, the power of your breath is still enough to solve this seemingly difficult task. Pneumatics should be called for help. To do this, the air of breathing must be “caught” and “locked”, that is, made compressed.
Place a bag of dense polyethylene under the books (it must be intact). Press the open end of the bag to your mouth with your hand and start blowing. Take your time, blow slowly, because the air will not go anywhere from the bag. Watch what happens.
Result. The package will gradually inflate, lift the books higher and higher, and finally knock them over.
Explanation. When air is compressed, the number of its particles (molecules) per unit volume increases. Molecules often hit the walls of the volume in which it is compressed (in this case, the package). This means that the pressure from the side of the air on the walls increases, and the more, the more the air is compressed. The pressure is expressed by the force applied to the unit area of the wall. And in this case, the force of air pressure on the walls of the bag becomes greater than the force of gravity acting on the books, and the books rise.
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Comment on the article "Entertaining physics: experiments for children. Pneumatics"
Home experiments for children. Experiments and experiments at home: entertaining physics. Experiments with children at home. Entertaining experiments with children. Popular Science.
Discussion
We had this at school, only without leaving, they invited a scientist, he showed interesting spectacular chemical and physical experiments, even high school students sat with their mouths open. some children were invited to take part in the experiment. And by the way, going to the planetarium is not an option? it's very cool and interesting
Experiments in physics: Physics in experiments and experiments [link-3] Cool experiments and revelations Igor Beletsky [link-10] Experiments for Simple Home experiments: physics and chemistry for children 6-10 years old. Experiments for children: entertaining science at home.
Discussion
Home children's "laboratory" "Young chemist" - very interesting, a booklet is attached with a detailed description of interesting experiments, chemical elements and reactions, well, the chemical elements themselves with cones and various devices.
a bunch of books with a detailed description of how to do it and explanations of the essence of the phenomena that I remember: "Useful experiments at school and at home", "The Big Book of Experiments" - the best, in my opinion, the best, "set experiments-1", "set experiments-2 "," we set experiments-3 "
Home experiments in physics - for example, from the book "Experiments by Tom Tit. From the sixth grade, my father gave me to read all sorts of books on entertaining physics. And it is interesting in it for both children and adults. So we decided to visit it. Physics experiment for kids: how to prove rotation...
Discussion
Glen Veccione. 100 most interesting independent scientific projects. ASTrel Publishing House. Various experiments, there is also a section "Electricity".
I won’t say for sure for electricity, you have to flip through. Sikoruk "Physics for kids", Galpershtein "Entertaining physics".
Home experiments: physics and chemistry for children 6-10 years old. Experiments for children: entertaining science at home. Chemistry for younger students.
Discussion
School textbooks and school curriculum - sucks! For older students, Glinka's "General Chemistry" is good, but for kids ...
From the age of 9, mine has been reading children's chemical encyclopedias (Avanta, a couple of others, L. Yu. Alikberova "Entertaining Chemistry" and her other books). There is the same Alikberova book of home experiments.
I think that you can tell children about atoms and electrons with more caution than about "where did I come from", because. this matter is much more complex :)) If the mother herself does not really understand how electrons run in atoms, it’s better not to powder the child’s brains at all. But at the level: they mixed, dissolved, a precipitate fell out, bubbles went, etc. - Mom is quite capable.
Home experiments: physics and chemistry for children 6-10 years old. Simple but impressive chemistry experiments - show the kids! Experiments for children: entertaining science at home.
Discussion
At the Kolomna Fair, I saw entire portable "laboratories" for home use in both chemistry and physics. However, I haven't bought it myself yet. But there is a tent in which I constantly buy something for the child's creativity. There is the same saleswoman in the tent all the time (in any case, I get the same one). So she advises whatever - everything is interesting. She also spoke very well about these "laboratories". So you can trust. There I also saw some kind of "laboratory" developed by Andrey Bakhmetiev. In my opinion, something in physics too.
Entertaining experiences.
Extracurricular activities for middle classes.
Extra-curricular physics event for middle grades "Entertaining experiments"
Event goals:Develop cognitive interest, interest in physics;
- develop competent monologue speech using physical terms, develop attention, observation, the ability to apply knowledge in a new situation;
- to teach children to benevolent communication.
Teacher: Today we will show you entertaining experiments. Look carefully and try to explain them. The most distinguished in the explanation will receive prizes - good and excellent marks in physics.
(Students in grade 9 show experiments, and students in grades 7-8 explain)
Experience 1 "Without getting your hands wet"
Equipment: plate or saucer, coin, glass, paper, matches.
Conduct: Put a coin on the bottom of a plate or saucer and pour some water. How to get a coin without even getting your fingertips wet?
Solution: Light the paper, put it into the glass for a while. Turn the heated glass upside down and place on a saucer next to the coin.
As the air in the glass is heated, its pressure will increase and some of the air will escape. The remaining air will cool after a while, the pressure will decrease. Under the action of atmospheric pressure, water will enter the glass, freeing the coin.
Experience 2 "Raising a dish of soap"
Equipment: a plate, a piece of laundry soap.
How to do it: Pour water into a bowl and drain immediately. The surface of the plate will be damp. Then a bar of soap, strongly pressing against the plate, turn several times and lift it up. At the same time, the plate will also rise with soap. Why?
Explanation: The rise of the dish of soap is due to the attraction of the molecules of the dish and the soap.
Experience 3 "Magic water"
Equipment: a glass of water, a sheet of thick paper.
Conduct: This experience is called "Magic Water". Fill a glass with water to the brim and cover with a sheet of paper. Let's turn the glass. Why doesn't water pour out of an overturned glass?
Explanation: Water is held by atmospheric pressure, i.e. atmospheric pressure is greater than the pressure produced by water.
Notes: Experience is better with a thick-walled vessel.
When turning the glass, a piece of paper must be held by hand.
Experience 4 "Tearable paper"
Equipment: two tripods with clutches and paws, two paper rings, rail, meter.
Conduct: We hang the paper rings on tripods at the same level. We put a rail on them. With a sharp blow with a meter or a metal rod in the middle of the rail, it breaks, and the rings remain intact. Why?
Explanation: The interaction time is very short. Therefore, the rail does not have time to transfer the received impulse to the paper rings.
Notes: The width of the rings is 3 cm. The rail is 1 meter long, 15-20 cm wide and 0.5 cm thick.
Experience 5 "Heavy Newspaper"
Equipment: rail 50-70 cm long, newspaper, meter.
Conduct: Put a rail on the table, a fully unfolded newspaper on it. If you slowly put pressure on the hanging end of the ruler, then it falls, and the opposite one rises along with the newspaper. If you sharply hit the end of the rail with a meter or hammer, then it breaks, and the opposite end with the newspaper does not even rise. How to explain it?
Explanation: Atmospheric air exerts pressure on the newspaper from above. By slowly pressing the end of the ruler, air penetrates under the newspaper and partially balances the pressure on it. With a sharp blow, due to inertia, air does not have time to instantly penetrate under the newspaper. The air pressure on the newspaper from above is greater than from below, and the rail breaks.
Notes: The rail must be laid so that its end of 10 cm hangs. The newspaper should fit snugly against the rail and the table.
Experience 6
Equipment: tripod with two clutches and legs, two demonstration dynamometers.
Conduct: We will fix two dynamometers on a tripod - a device for measuring force. Why are their readings the same? What does this mean?
Explanation: bodies act on each other with forces equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. (Newton's third law).
Experience 7
Equipment: two sheets of paper of the same size and weight (one of them is crumpled).
Implementation: Release both sheets at the same time from the same height. Why does a crumpled sheet of paper fall faster?
Explanation: A crumpled sheet of paper falls faster because there is less air resistance acting on it.
But in a vacuum, they would fall at the same time.
Experience 8 "How quickly the candle goes out"
Equipment: a glass vessel with water, a stearin candle, a nail, matches.
Conduct: Light a candle and lower it into a vessel of water. How fast will the candle go out?
Explanation: It seems that the flame will be filled with water as soon as the segment of the candle that protrudes above the water burns out and the candle goes out.
But, burning down, the candle decreases in weight and floats under the action of the Archimedean force.
Note: Attach a small weight (nail) to the bottom of the candle so that it floats in the water.
Experience 9 "Fireproof paper"
Equipment: metal rod, strip of paper, matches, candle (spirit lamp)
Conduct: Wrap the rod tightly with a strip of paper and bring it into the flame of a candle or spirit lamp. Why doesn't paper burn?
Explanation: Iron, being a good conductor of heat, removes heat from paper so it does not catch fire.
Experience 10 "Fireproof scarf"
Equipment: tripod with clutch and foot, alcohol, handkerchief, matches.
Implementation: Clamp a handkerchief (previously moistened with water and wrung out) in the foot of the tripod, douse it with alcohol and set it on fire. Despite the flame engulfing the handkerchief, it will not burn. Why?
Explanation: The heat released during the combustion of alcohol completely went to the evaporation of water, so it cannot ignite the fabric.
Experience 11 "Fireproof thread"
Equipment: a tripod with a clutch and a foot, a feather, a regular thread and a thread soaked in a saturated solution of table salt.
Conduct: We hang a feather on a thread and set it on fire. The thread burns out, and the feather falls. And now let's hang a feather on a magic thread and set it on fire. As you can see, the magic thread burns out, but the feather remains hanging. Explain the secret of the magic thread.
Explanation: The magic thread was soaked in a salt solution. When the thread is burned, the feather is held on by fused salt crystals.
Note: The thread should be soaked 3-4 times in a saturated salt solution.
Experience 12 "Water boils in a paper pot"
Equipment: a tripod with a clutch and a foot, a paper saucepan on threads, a spirit lamp, matches.
Conduct: Hang a paper pan on a tripod.
Can you boil water in this pot?
Explanation: All the heat released during combustion goes to heat the water. In addition, the temperature of the paper pot does not reach the ignition temperature.
Interesting questions.
Teacher: While the water boils, you can ask the audience questions:
What grows upside down? (icicle)
Bathed in water, but remained dry. (Goose, duck)
Why don't waterfowl get wet in the water? (The surface of their feathers is covered with a thin layer of fat, and water does not wet the oily surface.)
From the ground and the child will lift, but over the fence and the strongman will not throw. (Fluff)
During the day the window is broken, at night it is inserted. (hole)
The results of the experiments are summed up.
Grading.
2015-
BEI "Koskovskaya secondary school"
Kichmengsko-Gorodets municipal district
Vologda region
Educational project
"Physical experiment at home"
Completed:
7th grade students
Koptyaev Artem
Alekseevskaya Xenia
Alekseevskaya Tanya
Supervisor:
Korovkin I.N.
March-April-2016.
Content
Introduction
Nothing in life is better than your own experience.
Scott W.
At school and at home, we got acquainted with many physical phenomena and we wanted to make home-made devices, equipment and conduct experiments. All the experiments we conduct allow us to gain a deeper knowledge of the world around us and, in particular, of physics. We describe the process of making equipment for the experiment, the principle of operation and the physical law or phenomenon demonstrated by this device. The experiments carried out interested students from other classes.
Target: make a device from available improvised means to demonstrate a physical phenomenon and use it to tell about a physical phenomenon.
Hypothesis: made devices, demonstrations will help to know physics deeper.
Tasks:
Study the literature on conducting experiments with your own hands.
Watch video demonstration of experiments
Build experiment equipment
Hold a demo
Describe the physical phenomenon being demonstrated
Improve the material base of the physicist's office.
EXPERIENCE 1. Fountain model
Target : show the simplest model of the fountain.
Equipment : plastic bottle, dropper tubes, clip, balloon, cuvette.
Ready productThe course of the experiment:
We will make 2 holes in the cork. Insert the tubes, attach a ball to the end of one.
Fill the balloon with air and close with a clip.
Pour into a bottle of water and put it in a cuvette.
Let's watch the flow of water.
Result: We observe the formation of a fountain of water.
Analysis: compressed air in the balloon acts on the water in the bottle. The more air in the balloon, the higher the fountain will be.
EXPERIENCE 2. Carthusian diver
(Pascal's law and Archimedean force.)
Target: demonstrate Pascal's law and Archimedes' force.
Equipment: plastic bottle,
pipette (a vessel closed at one end)
Ready productThe course of the experiment:
Take a plastic bottle with a capacity of 1.5-2 liters.
Take a small vessel (pipette) and load it with copper wire.
Fill the bottle with water.
Press down on the top of the bottle with your hands.
Watch the phenomenon.
Result : we observe the dipping of the pipette and the ascent when pressing on the plastic bottle ..
Analysis : the force will compress the air over the water, the pressure is transferred to the water.
According to Pascal's law, pressure compresses the air in the pipette. As a result, the Archimedean force decreases. The body is sinking. Stop squeezing. The body floats.
EXPERIENCE 3. Pascal's law and communicating vessels.
Target: demonstrate the operation of Pascal's law in hydraulic machines.
Equipment: two syringes of different sizes and a plastic tube from a dropper.
Ready product.
The course of the experiment:
1. Take two syringes of different sizes and connect with a dropper tube.
2.Fill with incompressible liquid (water or oil)
3. Push down on the plunger of the smaller syringe. Observe the movement of the plunger of the larger syringe.
4. Push the plunger of the larger syringe. Observe the movement of the plunger of the smaller syringe.
Result : We fix the difference in the applied forces.
Analysis : According to Pascal's law, the pressure created by the pistons is the same. Therefore: how many times the piston is so many times and the force generated by it is greater.
EXPERIENCE 4. Dry from water.
Target : show the expansion of hot air and the contraction of cold air.
Equipment : a glass, a plate of water, a candle, a cork.
Ready product.
The course of the experiment:
1. pour water into a plate and place a coin on the bottom and a float on the water.
2. invite the audience to get a coin without getting their hands wet.
3. light a candle and put it in the water.
4. cover with a warm glass.
Result: Watching the movement of water in a glass.
Analysis: when air is heated, it expands. When the candle goes out. The air cools and its pressure drops. Atmospheric pressure will push the water under the glass.
EXPERIENCE 5. Inertia.
Target : show the manifestation of inertia.
Equipment : Wide-mouthed bottle, cardboard ring, coins.
Ready product.
The course of the experiment:
1. We put a paper ring on the neck of the bottle.
2. put coins on the ring.
3. with a sharp blow of the ruler we knock out the ring
Result: watch the coins fall into the bottle.
Analysis: inertia is the ability of a body to maintain its speed. When hitting the ring, the coins do not have time to change speed and fall into the bottle.
EXPERIENCE 6. Upside down.
Target : Show the behavior of a liquid in a rotating bottle.
Equipment : Wide-mouthed bottle and rope.
Ready product.
The course of the experiment:
1. We tie a rope to the neck of the bottle.
2. pour water.
3. rotate the bottle over your head.
Result: water does not spill out.
Analysis: At the top, gravity and centrifugal force act on the water. If the centrifugal force is greater than gravity, then the water will not pour out.
EXPERIENCE 7. Non-Newtonian fluid.
Target : Show the behavior of a non-Newtonian fluid.
Equipment : bowl.starch. water.
Ready product.
The course of the experiment:
1. In a bowl, dilute starch and water in equal proportions.
2. demonstrate the unusual properties of the liquid
Result: a substance has the properties of a solid and a liquid.
Analysis: with a sharp impact, the properties of a solid body are manifested, and with a slow impact, the properties of a liquid.
Conclusion
As a result of our work, we:
conducted experiments proving the existence of atmospheric pressure;
created home-made devices that demonstrate the dependence of liquid pressure on the height of the liquid column, Pascal's law.
We liked to study pressure, make home-made devices, conduct experiments. But there are many interesting things in the world that you can still learn, so in the future:
We will continue to study this interesting science
We hope that our classmates will be interested in this problem, and we will try to help them.
In the future, we will conduct new experiments.
Conclusion
It is interesting to watch the experience conducted by the teacher. Conducting it yourself is doubly interesting.
And to conduct an experiment with a device made and designed by one's own hands is of great interest to the whole class. In such experiments, it is easy to establish a relationship and draw a conclusion about how a given installation works.
Conducting these experiments is not difficult and interesting. They are safe, simple and useful. New research ahead!
Literature
Evenings in physics in high school / Comp. EM. Braverman. Moscow: Education, 1969.
Extracurricular work in physics / Ed. O.F. Kabardin. M.: Enlightenment, 1983.
Galperstein L. Entertaining physics. M.: ROSMEN, 2000.
GeagleL.A. Entertaining experiments in physics. Moscow: Enlightenment, 1985.
Goryachkin E.N. Methodology and technique of physical experiment. M.: Enlightenment. 1984
Mayorov A.N. Physics for the curious, or what you don't learn in class. Yaroslavl: Academy of Development, Academy and K, 1999.
Makeeva G.P., Tsedrik M.S. Physical paradoxes and entertaining questions. Minsk: Narodnaya Asveta, 1981.
Nikitin Yu.Z. Fun hour. M .: Young Guard, 1980.
Experiments in a home laboratory // Kvant. 1980. No. 4.
Perelman Ya.I. Entertaining mechanics. Do you know physics? M.: VAP, 1994.
Peryshkin A.V., Rodina N.A. Physics textbook for grade 7. M.: Enlightenment. 2012
Peryshkin A.V. Physics. - M .: Bustard, 2012
