The moral of the story is the horse's name. Chekhov, analysis of the work horse surname

One of the earliest works is considered to be a short story by A.P. Chekhov "Horse Name". The reader is given a solution to the problem, how to cure an inflamed tooth for an important landowner?

The story is real, simple situation. The main character is a senior military official, and the clerk is trying to help him.

In the background is the general's wife, servants, children. An unfortunate incident happened. The main member of the family, the general, felt pain from an inflamed tooth. Going through various ways of fulfilling the intended problem, they come to the point that they need at first nicknamed "a charlatan", and now a very necessary person - Yakov Vasilyevich. The author also involved children in guessing the name of the "magic" doctor.

Compose a description of the Major General. Since he was brought up in a wealthy family, he behaves accordingly. He shouts at the servants, at the end of the work he showed two “figs” to the clerk.
The author constructed the work in such a way that the situation looks comical. Causes laughter when listing the names associated with the horse. Although, the "true" surname Ovsov has little to do with the "horse".

The beginning of the story involves the reader in unraveling a mysterious surname in order to cure an important person - a retired general who is worried about a sore tooth. Otherwise, the picture would have looked if the pain bothered any of the servants, and then everyone began to sort through all the possible options for “quackery”, even by “telegraph”.

This work ridicules "illiteracy" in relation to the treatment of "higher strata", primitiveness in awareness of "quackery" and influence at a great distance. Social inequality, ignorance, rude attitude towards servants, abuse of one's position in society.

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov tries with his short stories to show all the absurdity and stupidity in the behavior of people who are above standing, who are ready to listen even to "absurd" ideas and carry them out. The end of the plot is as follows: “The clerk remembers the surname, but late the general made the right decision and agreed to let the doctor pull out the tooth. As a result, pain immediately disappears.

This work with satirical content did not exist if our protagonist immediately let the sick molar be pulled out. Everyone is ready to get through the "earth" in order to find a cure for an important gentleman and do not spare their health and strength to achieve their goal.

The unique perspicacious mind of the writer finds and reflects on paper various small situations in life that are relevant to this day, only the landowners reincarnated as the highest ranks in military service and bosses at work. Unfortunately, to this day there is a social inequality between people's attitudes and "doctors - charlatans" who do not benefit health, but take large sums of money.

However, in this work of A.P. Chekhov, “common sense” wins and the end of the work is positive, when the object of pain was pulled out, the jaw immediately stopped hurting. How often, we do not take the easy way, but create huge problems for ourselves. And the solution can be much easier and very close.

In my opinion, Chekhov, in his story “Horse Family”, revealed several problems, even rather, several striking properties of people. I will try to isolate them from the story, which undoubtedly causes humor and a smile even among the saddest people.

Firstly, the situation itself is happening with a person who wears the rank of general, a very high rank. Teeth hurt even in people who are above the rest in society, by this the author shows that any person is mortal, and both the poor and the rich will lie in the coffin.

Secondly, just look at the noise and uproar the heroes made just because the general had a toothache. If an ordinary private had a toothache, then none of these scenes could have happened, because the attitude towards a subordinate is much worse than towards a general, and the pain of a subordinate is just another news for the conditional residents of the house, while the general’s illness is universal tragedy.

Thirdly, the author ridicules our human despair. After all, Buldeev initially refuses to pull out a tooth, as the doctor advises, he also refuses the advice of the clerk to write to the conspirator of teeth. And what happens then? It takes some time to survive the pain in the teeth, it is worth vilifying the thoughts of a possible, albeit illusory, salvation in your head, and you are already ready to believe in a miracle, to believe in a conspirator. And all this is not happening to some village boy who believes in superstition and magic, this is happening to a general who has managed to live his life.

This is how the author conveys to the reader that pain can change a person’s mood, can break a person to such an extent that he falls into despair, in which he believes in what he has denied all his life. As for the main events, we see how the whole house: children, wife, servants are put on the ears, and everyone helps to remember the name of the stupid clerk. When a whole day passes in pain and torment, then only the main character Buldeev decides to call a doctor and pull out a tooth, which again indicates that pain can break people, whether it be physical or psychological pain.

I also think that the author is ridiculing a trait that is allegedly characteristic of the Russian people, let me put it in a proverb: "The Rusak is smart, but in hindsight." This proverb means that a Russian person thinks of something important already when it is too late, when it is no longer necessary. This is vividly presented in a situation where the clerk runs to the general to tell the good news that he remembered his last name, but it’s too late - “on-mow!”.

Analysis 2

One of the earliest works is considered to be a short story by A.P. Chekhov "Horse Name". The reader is given a solution to the problem, how to cure an inflamed tooth for an important landowner?

The story is real, simple situation. The main character is a senior military official, and the clerk is trying to help him. In the background is the general's wife, servants, children. An unfortunate incident happened. The main member of the family, the general, felt pain from an inflamed tooth. Going through various ways of fulfilling the intended problem, they come to the point that they need at first nicknamed "a charlatan", and now a very necessary person - Yakov Vasilyevich. The author also involved children in guessing the name of the "magic" doctor.

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Chekhov managed to create a story whose title has become a catch phrase. The phenomenon, when the word is spinning on the tongue, but cannot be remembered, is called the “horse name”. This indicates the national significance of the work of this writer, part of which has become the object of our analysis.

As you know, A.P. Chekhov had abilities not only in literature, but also in medicine. Doubts about the choice of the main activity made the author hesitate, perhaps that is why he signed his early stories with the pseudonym Antosh Chekhonte. The story "Horse Family" refers to just such a period of creativity. The work was published on July 7, 1885 in the Petersburg newspaper.

The reason for writing was an anecdote heard by the writer, where they recalled the bird's surname. It turned out that this is Verbin, and the associative series was explained by the fact that the bird sits on a willow.

Genre and direction

The direction of Chekhov's first prose is the natural school. In his early work, the author continues Gogol's traditions, but in a special authorial manner. This is manifested even at the level of searching for material for a work - an everyday situation, an anecdote. Another common feature is the ridicule of stereotypes of the behavior of people of certain positions and positions: officials, clerks, etc.

Genre - humorous story. In addition, Chekhov's interest in the European short story is reflected in the story "Horse Family", as evidenced by the parallel development of the everyday line (a toothache) and a paradoxical fact (the medicine man's surname).

The writer makes his story humorous and absurd, mostly a play on words. For example, a healer “feeds with his teeth”, “talks with his teeth”.

The story is not without folklore overtones: it is no coincidence that the clerk's name is Ivan, and his advice - to turn to a healer - can hardly be called wise.

The meaning of the name

The author competently builds his game with the reader. At the beginning, the sad situation of the retired Major General Buldeev is presented, then all possible and impossible methods of treatment are listed. And only in the second half of the story does a motif appear that goes back to the name - a horse surname.

Enumeration of guesses of heroes is one of the compositional bases. But the essence of the title lies not only in this.

In fact, the surname refers to the animal only indirectly. The characters mistakenly choose the goal, lose the right path - and this is the meaning of the story's title. Just as the forgotten name was not a horse, so the help was needed not from the healer, but traditional.

Main characters and their characteristics

The central character of the story Buldeev, major general retired. Chekhov, creating his characters, also uses the vaudeville tradition, naming them with speaking names. The consonance of the name of a person of such a high rank with a bulldozer works for a ridiculous decrease in his position. Buldeev is naive, trusting, he is driven to despair by incessant pain. An unpleasant situation reveals another property that discredits the name of the general - cowardice. If he had decided to immediately pull out a tooth, there would not have been this whole story around the healer.
clerk simple-minded, he sincerely wants to help. Selflessness can be singled out as a positive quality, but Ivan Evseich is stupid, and this is again a ridiculing component in the portrait of the hero.
In the medicine man, the traditional set of qualities of an official is humorously presented. He has a taste for vodka Ovsov contains a mistress. And the very transformation of an excise official into a healer speaks eloquently of many things.
Only doctor presented as an exceptionally positive hero, rationally thinking, honestly doing his job. Perhaps such an author's sympathy for the doctor is not accidental, because this profession is not alien to Chekhov himself.

Topics and issues

Professionalism. The situation described by Chekhov is absurd. The clerk is stupid, the general is cowardly, and the official becomes a healer. If in Buldeev his fear of pulling out a bad tooth is ridiculed, then in Ovsov it is the inaction of managers and business executives. Officials often promise only in words - they speak their teeth to their petitioners. In the same place, the healer literally does it, but is this what an excise official should do?
Superstition. The story contrasts the doctor and the healer. This conflict is not central, but Chekhov shows in The Horse Family all the pointlessness of postponing the necessary medical procedure. The author ridicules how a major general, seemingly a reasonable person, succumbs to the provocations of a clerk who believes in conspiracies.
Cowardice. Being afraid of an ordinary medical procedure, a person looks ridiculous and behaves stupidly. How can such a general defend the country if necessary? This problem is a cross-cutting one in Chekhov's work, his heroes are often afraid of trifles, but they do not see really terrible things.

Meaning

The idea of the story is self-discipline, the ability to pull yourself together in a difficult situation. Otherwise, you will have to suffer in vain and make others suffer. So, the clerk does absolutely unnecessary work - he remembers the name of the healer, and all family members try in vain to help him with this. The main problem of the heroes of the story is that they cannot concentrate on the main thing, as a result of which everyone is doing something wrong. This applies both directly to the events of the narrative, as well as to what they do in life.

The main idea of the story is obvious: each person must responsibly engage in his own business, only in this way will order be established. But as long as generals are afraid of doctors, healers talk their teeth as officials, and clerks chat in the workplace, everything will happen topsy-turvy, as the author shows. The way to get rid of all this vulgar senselessness lies through honest work.

What does it teach?

The story teaches us not to retreat from the inevitable. A person should overcome his fears and temptations in favor of correct, reasonable actions. Chekhov calls not to cheat, not to resort to charlatanism, but to do their job conscientiously.

In addition, a person must be in his place: brave - in generals, reasonable - in clerks, commitment - in officials. If personal qualities do not correspond to the profession, then such a ridiculous and awkward situation is obtained, as in the “Horse Family”. What would happen if the doctor did not cope with his duties? Perhaps this story contains personal searches and doubts of Chekhov himself, who has not yet decided which activity, medical or writing, to choose as the main one.

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What does Chekhov's story "The Horse Name" teach? wrote this story to ridicule cowardice and indecision.

What does the story "Horse Name" teach?

The story "Horse Name" by Chekhov teaches that one should not be cowardly, like a general. Such a strong man should not be afraid that a tooth will be pulled out and it will hurt him.

The author describes an incident that happened in a small town. Once a retired Major General Buldeev had a toothache. He tried to treat them in different ways, but they all either did not help him, or they caused nausea. The doctor prescribed quinine for him, but it did not help him either. He answered negatively to the proposed option to pull out a tooth. Everyone around offered their own solution to the problem, and his clerk Ivan Evseevich advised him to undergo treatment with a conspiracy. At first, Buldeev did not particularly like this idea. But he soon agreed to try. Nevertheless, a little trouble arose - the healer lived in Saratov, and it was necessary to send a telegram there. When the general began to write, Ivan Evseevich could not remember the name of the healer. And I just remembered that the surname was a horse. The whole house began to offer options "... Equestrian, Horse ..."
The major general even promised to give five rubles to the one who guessed the name ... On the third day, Buldeev ordered to call the doctor. When the doctor arrived and pulled out his tooth, he asked the clerk for oats. The clerk smiled and ran to the general. And he shouted: “Ovsov, Ovsov! Remembered! “The general set up two figs and said: “I don’t need your horse surname now.

The main idea of the story "Horse surname" is that any assistance must be timely. The clerk managed to remember the "horse" surname, but it was too late - the doctor removed the general's bad tooth. The story "Horse's surname" teaches you to consult a doctor in a timely manner in case of severe malaise. And it is unlikely that the general would have been helped by dental treatment with the help of a conspiracy, and even through a dispatch sent to another city.

A.P. Chekhov said that a person will become better if he is shown what he really is. They say that the writer has always experienced heartache for humanity. He expressed it in the depiction of social and moral situations, using comic and satirical techniques. Chekhov's early humorous stories about this. He often portrayed a way of life that was presented as something ridiculous, and therefore funny. In these small-scale works, there is an external comedy (the comic of the situation), which resembles an anecdote.

An example of such prose is the story "Horse surname". His analysis clearly characterizes the author's early prose. The storyline is extremely simple: General Buldeev has a toothache. He tried all folk remedies to no avail. The clerk Ivan Evseevich offers to turn to a person who heals with conspiracies, even “by telegraph”. Since this “doctor” lives in another city, it is required to send him a telegram. But the clerk forgot the name of the addressee. He claimed that the surname is “horse”. All household members began to offer their options, Ivan Evseevich painfully recalled. In the end, the doctor removed the tooth, and the clerk, under random circumstances, remembered the last name - Ovsov.

The genre of the text can be defined as an anecdote story (a work of topical content containing a playful coloring). In this story, as in a joke, an unexpected ending. It is she who emphasizes his humorous nature.

The composition of the work is characterized by an impetuous beginning (a feature of Chekhov's style), the absence of reasoning and descriptions. The key is the role of dialogues. This is the link to the action. The denouement is two figs, which the general expressively demonstrates to the clerk.

The heroes of the story are ordinary, unremarkable people: a retired major general, a general's wife, their children, a clerk, and servants. The general is tormented by a tooth, but he does not cause pity. The writer makes you laugh at the current situation, at his comical position.

Comic are the ways in which they offer to get rid of pain. Coming up with options for a “horse name” also looks comical: Kobylkin, Loshadkin, Zherebchikov, Konyavsky, Uzdechkin, etc. Here the author makes extensive use of associativity, but at the same time respects a sense of proportion.

In general, the comic is the main artistic device of the story. The author uses the discrepancy between external manifestations and the inner essence. So, the clerk many times recalls the name of the so-called "doctor", more and more distorting the different options. And the real name Ovsov can only conditionally be considered a “horse”. Or, for example, this: major general, but afraid; despises conspiracies, and is going to treat a tooth by phone; to the excise "force is given." and was fired from office. The story also uses such methods of the comic: hyperbole (the commotion in the house is exaggerated), surprise (a situation in which a surname is remembered).

Of particular importance are anecdotal words, speech errors: “with teeth and feeds”. “if which”, “uses at home”. "use". "cursor". “smiled wildly”, etc. Lively speech complements the characters of the characters.

The retired major general himself created, and then he himself overcame (called the doctor) an anecdotal situation, demonstrating two figs to the clerk. The author shows us a capricious, ignorant general (and this is the title of the highest command staff). Buldeev uses swear words, treats the servants with disdain. And involuntarily the question arises: who are the judges? This makes me sad. So there are two concepts side by side in Chekhov - comic and tragic. They make you think about life, about its moral and social issues.

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