When checking the spelling of a consonant at the root, it is necessary to change the word or choose a related one so that after the checked consonant there is a vowel. For example: "" (mow), "request" (ask), "carving" (cut). At the same time, one must carefully consider the context of the sentence in order to avoid mistakes as a result of an incorrect definition of the semantic load: “frost” (), “drizzle” (drizzle); “mok” (wet), “could” (can).

Exception words: “wedding” (matchmaking), “hole” (open), “ladder” (climb).

Please note that sometimes in single-root words there is an alternation of consonants: the deaf always alternate with the deaf, voiced with voiced. For example: alternations “k” - “h” (“face” - “face”), “g” - “g” - “z” (“girlfriend” - “friend” - “friends”), “s” - “ w "(forest" - "goblin"), "x" - "sh" ("plow" - "plows").

It is impossible to check words of foreign origin in this way: “corruption” (corrupt), “transcription” (transcribe).

There is a verification option in which the word is changed so that after the dubious consonant there are “l”, “m”, “p”, “n” (“forest” - “”, “chord” - “chord”).

Words, the spelling of consonants in the root of which must be remembered: "", "building", "here", "ham", "cosmonaut", "coccyx", "boots", "", "controller".

Spelling of unpronounceable consonants in the root

When checking the unpronounceable consonant at the root of the word, you need to choose a related word in which it will appear after the vowel or the letters “l”, “m”, “r”, “n”. For example: "" (crossroads), "sun" (sunny), "pasture" (graze), "clear" (clear).

The word "ladder" is better to remember, since the spelling of related words varies, which can lead to confusion: "climb", "climb" and others. The word "coeval" comes from the obsolete "rovo" (temporary measure), so without the "t".

Spelling of double consonants in the root

Two consonants are written:
- in the roots of Russian words: “reins”, “yeast”, “Russia”, “eleven”, “juniper”, “quarrel”, “art” and their derivatives;
- in foreign words: "", "group", "certificate", "cancel", "appeal" and others;
- in complex abbreviated words, if one part ends and the other begins with the same letter: "Mossovet", "head physician";
- if the stem ends in a double consonant: "compromise" - "compromise".

Exceptions: "Finn" but "Finnish"; "", but "five-ton"; “crystal”, but “crystal”, “”, but “column”. And also with one consonant, diminutive forms of the names "Emma", "Alla" ("Emka", "Alka") and others are written.

Related videos

Sources:

• Spelling of consonants

Tip 4: When to take birth control pills

Contraceptive pills are usually selected by a gynecologist, but for most of them the same indications and contraindications apply. In any case, when taking them, you must definitely check your health with a mammologist and gynecologist.

In the primary grades, the basis of a person's spelling literacy is formed.

Everyone knows that the difficulty of the Russian language is largely due to the discrepancy between spelling and pronunciation. Often this is associated with paired consonants.

What is a double consonant?

All consonants are with each other in one or another opposition according to their characteristic features. One of them is the opposition of sounds by deafness-voicedness.

Some consonants, with the coincidence of all other features, such as the place of formation and the method of pronunciation, differ only in the participation of the voice in the process of sounding. They are called couples. The remaining consonants do not have a pair of deafness-voicedness: l, m, x, c, h, u, d.

Paired consonants		examples of words with paired consonants
		table [b] s - table [n]
		draw [c] a - draw [f]
		expensive [g] a - expensive [k]
		boro[d]a - boro[t]ka
		blah[w]it - blah[w]
		frosty [s] ny - frosty [s]

Here are paired consonants. The table also contains examples that illustrate the spelling "Checked consonants at the root of the word."

Spelling rule for paired consonants

In the process of pronunciation, paired sounds can be interchanged. But this process is not reflected in the letter. That is, the letters do not change, no matter what sounds we hear in their place. So in the Russian language the principle of uniformity of morphemes is realized. The spelling of paired consonants is completely subject to this law.

The rule may be stated in the following paragraphs:

• the root of the word is always written the same way, since semantics depends on it;
• spelling must be checked by selecting or changing word forms;
• it is necessary to choose as a test one that, after a dubious consonant, has either a vowel sound or a sonorant sound (r, l, m, n, d).

This can be seen in the examples from the table: spelling consonants are either at the end of words, or before other paired sounds. In test words, they are in front of vowels or in front of unpaired phonemes.

Application of the rule

The spelling of paired consonants needs to be worked out. You need to start with the formation of the ability to see the studied spelling. This will be the end of a word or a confluence of consonants, at which sounds begin to influence the sound of each other - the next one changes the quality of the pronunciation of the previous one.

When we know what a paired consonant is, it will not be difficult to conclude which option to choose:

• bo [p] - beans - bean;
• bro [t] - ford - ford;
• bro [f "] - eyebrows - eyebrow;
• nail [t "] - nails - nail;
• garden [t] - vegetable gardens - vegetable garden;
• dro [sh] - trembling - trembling;
• polo [s] ka - strip - strip;
• ko [z "] ba - mow - mowing;
• re [z "] ba - cut - carving;
• city ​​[d "] ba - fence - city;
• cro [in "] - blood - blood;
• stra [w] - guard - guard.

Paired consonants. Word Discrimination Examples

Deafness and sonority are able to distinguish words by meaning. For example:

• (soup) dense - (above the river) bush;
• (telegraph) pole - (Alexandrian) pillar;
• bark (oak) - (high) mountain;
• (unbearable) heat - (surface) of the ball;
• (bouquet) of roses - (boy) grew up;
• (new) house - (thick) vol.

In weak positions, at the end of words, for example, as in the example of "roses" and "rose", a check is necessary to avoid semantic confusion. Paired consonants in Russian require an attentive attitude.

Test on the topic studied

grass[..]ka, rye[..]ka, zu[..]ki, arbu[..], lo[..]ka, short[..]ka, ko[..]ti.

Fabulous - a fairy tale, head - head, pie - pies, ditch - groove, birch - birch, eyes - eyes, stripe - stripes, notebook - notebook, spikelet - spikelets, jump - jumping

6. W or W?

Sapo ... ki, doro ... ki, boom ... ki, kro ... ki, ro ... ki, poro ..ki, bara ... ki, lo ... ki, game ... ki, cha ... ki, lie down ... ki.

• gu ... ki (__________);
• flasks (__________);
• gri… (__________);
• ch… (__________);
• jump ... ki (____________);
• lo ... ka (____________);
• horse ... b (______________);
• zu .. (_______).

Sha (p / b) ka, provo (d / t), kru (g / c), povia (s / s) ka, me (d / t), su (d / t), sla (d / t) cue, oshi (b / n) ka, doba (v / f) ka, uka (s / s) ka.

9. Insert letters in text:

Lebe ... b - the king of all waterfowl. He, like a dream ..., is white, graceful, he has shiny eyes ... ki, black lac ... ki and a long, booming neck. How beautifully he floats on the smooth water of the pond!

10. Fix bugs:

• I love reading fairy tales.
• How fragrant strawberries!
• Carrots are sown on the beds.
• Gimp birch flutters petals in the wind.
• The tray floated on the lake.
• Berek is gradually approaching.
• Storosh does not sleep.
• A mongrel barks loudly in the yard.
• Yosh rustles in the bushes.

Answers

1. What is a double consonant? A consonant that has a pair of deafness or sonority.

2. Complete the sentence:

To check paired consonants, you need pick up a test word.

3. Highlight the words that need to be checked:

dip..ka, underwater .. ny, cue, dressed up .. ny, horse..ka, careful..ny, cook..it, du..ki, l oh...ki, other..ny.

4. Write sounds in square brackets:

grass [V] ka, lo [D] ka, zu [B] ki, arbu [Z], lo [D] ka, short [B] ka, ko [G] ti.

5. Underline the test word:

Fabulous - a fairy tale, head - head, pie - pies, ditch - groove, birch - birch, eyes - eyes, stripe - stripes, notebook - notebook, spikelet - spikelets, bounce- jumping

6. W or W?

Boots, tracks, pieces of paper, crumbs, horns, powders, lambs, spoons, toys, cups, frogs.

7. Write down the test words and insert letters instead of dots:

• beeps (beep);
• checkboxes (checkbox);
• mushroom (mushrooms);
• eye (eyes);
• jumping (jump);
• boat (boat);
• horse (horses);
• tooth teeth).

8. Choose the correct option:

hat, wire, circle, bandage, honey, court, sweet, mistake, additive, pointer.

9. Insert letters in text:

The swan is the king of all waterfowl. He is like snow, white, graceful, he has sparkling eyes, black paws and a long, flexible neck. How beautifully he floats on the smooth water of the pond!

10. Fix bugs:

• I love reading fairy tales.
• How fragrant strawberries are!
• Carrots are sown on the beds.
• A flexible birch flutters its petals in the wind.
• The boat was sailing on the lake.
• The coast is gradually approaching.
• The watchman does not sleep.
• A mongrel yapps loudly in the yard.
• Hedgehog rustles in the bushes.

What sounds are called consonants?
What is a consonant made of?
What are consonant sounds?
How many consonant letters and consonant sounds are there in the Russian alphabet?
Which consonants are always hard and which are always soft?
What letters indicate the softness of a consonant sound?

Sounds, during the pronunciation of which air meets an obstacle in the mouth, are called consonants. A consonant sound consists of noise and voice, or only noise.

The consonants are divided into voiced and deaf. Voiced sounds are made up of noise and voice, deaf sounds are made up of noise only.

Sounds consist only of noise: [k], [p], [s], [t], [f], [x], [c], [h], [w], [u]. These are voiceless consonants.

Many consonants form couples by voice-deafness: [b] — [p], [c] — [f], [g] — [k], [d] — [t], [s] — [s], [f] — [sh].

To memorize voiced consonants, you can learn the phrase: " LION AND TOAD HAVE MANY FRIENDS».
See all phrases for memorizing voiced and voiceless consonants.

Deaf consonants are easy to remember by the phrase: " STEPKA, WANT A CHICK?— Ugh!».

Consonant sounds are indicated by letters:

B,AT,G,D,AND,Z,Y,To,L,M,H,P,R,FROM,T,F,X,C,H,W,SCH.

In total, the Russian language has 21 consonants.

Consonants are also hard and soft.

Hard and soft sounds differ in the position of the tongue during pronunciation. When pronouncing soft consonants, the middle back of the tongue is raised to the hard palate.

Most consonants form pairs of hardness-softness:

The following hard and soft consonants do not form pairs in hardness-softness:

Solid	[and]	[w]	[c]
Soft	[h❜]	[n❜]	[th❜]

Table "Consonants: paired and unpaired, voiced and deaf, hard and soft" (Grades 1-4)

Note: in elementary school, hard consonants are marked in blue, soft consonants in green, and vowels in red.

Hardness consonants are indicated in writing by vowels BUT , O , At , S , E .

Softness consonant sound is indicated in writing by vowels E , Yo , I , Yu , I, as well as the letter b(soft sign).

Compare: nose[nose] - carried[n❜os], corner[corner] - coal[ugal❜].

Unpaired voiced sounds [d❜], [l], [l❜], [m], [m❜] [n], [n❜] [r], [r❜] are called sonorous, which means "sonorous" in Latin.

Sounds [g], [w], [h❜], [u❜] are called hissing. They got this name because their pronunciation is like a hiss.

Sounds [w], [w] are unpaired solid hissing sounds.
The sounds [h❜] and [u❜] are unpaired soft hissing sounds.

The sounds [c], [s❜], [z], [z❜], [c] are called whistling.

Consonant can not be percussive or unpercussed.

In Russian, there are more consonant sounds (36) than consonant letters (21), since one letter can denote paired hard and soft sounds: for example, the letter L (el) denotes the sounds [l] and [l❜].

Attention! A consonant can form a syllable only with

1. Grammar tale.

Paired and unpaired

Once the King Alphabet and the Queen ABC arranged a fabulous ball, to which all the letters were invited. There they split into pairs and began to dance. Vowels danced with vowels, and consonants danced with consonants. The letters A - Z, U - Yu, Y - I, E - E, O - E danced a waltz. They had fun!

The consonants also danced in pairs, but their sluggishness hindered them a little, and they puffed, hissed, and whistled with zeal. These were the pairs: B - P, V - F, G - K, D - T, F - W, Z - S.

Moreover, the letters B, C, D, D, F, Z were loudly beaten with their feet to the beat of the music. Those were too loud letters.

But P, ​​F, K, T, W, S were deaf to music. The voiced letters shouted their names merrily to the beat of the music, while the unvoiced letters timidly whispered, like an echo, the names of their girlfriends. What an odd couple they were.

But there were also lonely letters at the ball. They did not want to dance at all and preferred solitude. These are L, M, H, R, Y, X, C, W, b, b.

They didn't have a couple. These are unpaired letters. Since then, this has been the case. On holidays, paired letters dance in tandem with their partner. And unpaired letters just sit quietly and look at the dancers.

2. Consonants, as you know, are deaf and voiced. Some of them are so similar to each other - real "twins"; they walk, look, dress the same. But when some speak, they are heard, while others are very difficult to hear, no matter how hard they try. These are paired in sonority - deafness. Each of this pair has its own costume to adequately represent the sound in the alphabet.

Isn't this overkill?

No, by no means, because, among other things, they also help to distinguish words by meaning: ball - heat, stake - goal, dust - true story, fishing rod - duck, etc.

These twin letters need to be learned well, as there will still be a lot of trouble with them. In the alphabet, they occupied two whole floors.

And the trouble lies in the fact that the voiced ones at the end are deafened and you need to guess (using the test word) which letter should be written. You need to change the word so that the consonant is heard clearly:

oak - oaks, eyebrow - eyebrows, eye - eyes, etc.

3. Words for spelling and commented writing.

Fur coat, hat, snowdrift, fungi, pillar, hawk, mushroom, timid, oak, fish, strong, sheepskin coat, balls, club, bug, oaks, sponge, soup, hazel grouse, chills, slushy, chilly, tooth, fragile, shell, mistake, paw, scratches, turnip, sickle, bread, teeth, ice-hole, sliver, smile, forehead, sticky, molding, club, coat of arms, creak, dove, armful, dove, cork.

V - F

Button, weed, cream, cow, pin, dexterous, healthy, watering, cheat, telegraph, floats, shop, a lot of firewood, closet, ready, giraffe, carrot, love, jacket, head, groove, beak, shoes, sleeve, prunes , tree, handsome, polite.

G - K

Snow, lungs, meadow, bow, soft, claws, ravine, enemy, circle, shore, pie, boot, accommodation, flag, cottage cheese, tongue, surgeon, friend, plow, cook, side, sound, god, around, tank, cold, haystack, pillar, south, fist, squeal, iron, Thursday, fisherman, far, wide, deep, high, kitten, wolf cub, gal cub, countryman, worm, bruise, spruce forest, glacier, sailor, oak tree, trifle, messenger, traveler, companion, worker, joker.

D - T

Beds, exercise, notebook, patch, forget-me-not, sweet, breast, labor, year, brother, boat, hike, tent, wool, camel, children, winches, leftovers, steamboat, entrance, riddle, old age, gait, hedge, smooth, horse, city, playground, kindergarten, remnants, ford, west, hail, light, expanse, view, rare, rain, mole, side by side, bed, crossbill, thrush, newsboy, pilot, cat, code, scarves, plant, oil , entrance, bridge, detachment, people, bed, duck, exit, bookmark, vegetable garden, portrait, in order, medical committee, branch, seine, wiring, short. hide-and-seek, shaky, bear, ears, saucer, planting, bookmark, Medvedko, package, threads, sensitive, threshing, walking, machine gunner, find, cleaning, coin, dilapidated, berry, liquid, beard, towns.

W - W

Legs, spoons, cups, mugs, hedgehog, path, cart, rye, friends, plush, guardian, landscape, pillow, porridge, pies, good, handsome, snowballs, wilderness, brooch, trembling, palm, roots, insects, already, jumping, bags, flags, lily of the valley, earrings, russula, bear, drawing, mouse, mitten, girlfriend, reportage, birdie, stick, okroshka, walrus, boots, cockerel, nuts, birdie, bump, frog, snowballs, baskets, siskin , shirt, crew, book, horns, beach, luggage, chamomile, accordion, shavings, ears, scallop, gingerbread, pencil, garage, ruff, quiet, shower, reeds, midge, playpen, quiet, pig, edge, jog, potatoes , piece of paper, pita bread, toys, ladle, little brother, crown, hut, kids, hare, coward, feathers, blotter, gossip, grains, grandmother, old woman, wings, feeder, parsley, poor thing, pole, little fish, mother, freckles, kids , volushka, baby, muzzle, zimushka, baby, cake.

Z - S

Sharp, low, Mongrel, frost, elm, locomotive, haymaking, birch, tears, wagon, narrow, taste, watermelon, cargo, sail, froze, drizzle, frost, prankster, horror, fairy tale, Denis, knight, connection, lynx, gnaw, interest, eye, hung, down, cut, bandage, blouse, close, hint, collective farm, pointer, putty, flattery, climb, ointment, clipping, pole, ear, crucian carp, inscription, shepherd, Russia, request, painting, nose, slippery, pasture, radish, carry, crawl, sled, carving, lead, denouement, canopy, tray, nipple, pussy, bowl, disappeared, slices, voice, loader, copyist, viscous.

4. Find paired consonants in proverbs.

There is honey - climb into the hive.

Pick a berry, pick a box.

To eat a fish, you need to float into the water.

The tail of the head is not a pointer.

Bread is the head of everything.

Bread is a father, water is a mother.

Small spool but precious.

According to Senka and a hat.

One with a bipod, and seven with a spoon.

Honey on the tongue, and ice on the heart.

An old friend is better than two new ones.

The snow is deep - the year is good.

Grandma with porridge, and grandfather with a spoon.

Sweeter than all fruits is the fruit of honest labor.

Your eye is a diamond.

More expensive than a diamond are your two eyes.

Not a fur coat warms, but bread.

5. For these nouns, select nouns with the suffix -points-.

La ... ka - _________, blue ... ka - ______,

tetra ... ka - ___________, faith ... ka - ____________,

pro ... ka - ____________, re ... ka - ______________.

6. Choose antonyms for these adjectives.

Thick - ________________, high - __________________,

Distant ________________, bitter - ___________________.

7. Select nouns with voiced and deaf consonants in the middle of the word that are suitable for the sentences.

The blizzard sweeps __________________________________________.

The students of the class made _____________________________ for the books.

8. Insert the missing consonant into the word, write down the test word.

Oshi ... ka, _________________ - var ... ka,

Boom ... ka, __________________ - no ... ka,

Bese ... ka, ___________________ - violin ... ka,

Ska ... ka, ___________________ - village ... ka,

About ... ba, ___________________ - I'll lie down ... ka.

9. Make a sentence with the words of each line.

Mouse, cat, eyes, paws.

Friendship, books and notebooks,

Coat, hat and boots,

And birch, and earrings.

10. Insert missing letters.

Snow ... ki, jump ... ki, flags ... ki, caps ... ki, nuts ... ki.

11. Choose the right words.

What is the name of the hut where the watchman lives?

Ear decoration.

Solid fastening at the waist.

Part of a table or chair.

12. The transformation of words.

Change one letter in words. Choose a test for each and write it down.

Forest - (lion), god - (dog), fairy tale - (pointer), spoon - (boat), turnip - (sliver), circle - (friend), bread - (shed), nibble - (beak), boat - (hat).

13. A chain of words.

Each new word must begin with the letter

ends with the previous one, and ends with a double voiced or deaf

consonant.

Cold - ... (grandfather - dog - gas - tooth - ford - ...).

Bus - (track - friend - year - thrush - debt - hail - ...)

Frost - (tooth - luggage - beetle - cube - ...)

14. Underline the consonant in the words, the pronunciation of which diverges from

spelling.

Flag, detachment, house, cold, ruler, ice, chalk, hike, frost, table, flower,

soup, book, glass.

15. Underline paired voiced and deaf consonants in words.

The hammer is young, the sickle is a coat of arms, the ascendant is a nose, a pond is a rod, a mouth is a rod, a raft is a fruit,

frost - rose, tooth-soup.

16. Add consonants.

Sugro ..., plant ..., this ..., moro ..., hand ....

17. Underline voiced and deaf consonants in words, add to them

test words.

Notebook - notebooks, book-book,

iron-_________, fungus-_________,

pie-________, oak trees-__________,

watchman-_______, narrow-__________.

18. Underline voiced consonants in words.

Car, oak trees, berry, leg, banner, subway, axe, sea, Saturday,

summer, molding.

19. For these words from the first column, select the words from

second column. Make suggestions with them.

the wind is soft ... kaya

bunny at ... kai

ice re ... cue

the road is hard ... cue

pillow ro ... cue

20. Underline the deaf consonants in the words.

Lilac, axe, furniture, bread, bug, peas, circus, people, book, watch, ruler, sheep.

21. Insert the missing words with paired consonants.

The student made three ____________ in the dictation.

Golden _____________ live in an aquarium.

A narrow ___________ led to the forest.

The caretaker lives in ____________.

There was a dilapidated _________ by the river bank.

In the lair hall… brown _____________.

22. Underline in words paired voiceless and voiced consonants in the middle

Cat - spoon, toy track,

stroller-bandage, snowballs-chuckles,

fur coat-hat, mowing-carving.

23. Write the verbs in the past tense.

Get off - ___________, get cold - ______________,

freeze - ________, disappear - _____________,

crawl -_______, bite off -______________.

24. From a poetic passage, first write out all voiced consonants, and

then deaf.

The autumn wind rises in the forests,

More and more noisy.

Dead leaves pluck and fun

In a frenzied dance carries. (I. Bunin)

25. Mistakes.

What words Andrew confuses? Will the sentences be clear in his writing?

In class, they write from dictation:

"I brought a mushroom from the forest."

Only Andrew deftly deduces:

"I brought the flu from the forest."

Well, tell me why?

Players own the bass

And the singer with an enviable pass,

Fruits float on the river

And rafts grow in the garden.

Explain why

Is he unlucky at school?

26. Find all spellings and explain their spelling.

Behind the village is a meadow,

And in the garden - onions.

And along the river - a raft,

And on a pear - a fruit.

27. Read a poem by F.I. Tyutchev.

The view of the earth is still sad, Nature has not yet woken up,

And in the spring the air breathes, But through thinning sleep

And the stalk sways dead in the field, she heard Spring

And the oil stirs the branches. And she smiled involuntarily.

1) Count how many deaf consonants are in each line.

2) Find the most "deaf" line (that is, the one with the most voiceless consonants) and the most "sonorous" (where the most voiced consonants). Read them aloud again.

3) Think about how the content of these lines is related to the number of deaf consonants?

28. Imagine that you are in your kitchen. Wow, how many different

items! I show you an object and you name it and

choose a test word for the named word.

These words are: cup, spoon, mug, spatula, frying pan, mitten -

potholder, napkin.

29. Raise the desired card (V-F, Z-S, D-T).

The stork makes a dawn ... ku - Pelican dives lo ... ko.

Then skipping, then crouching ... ku, That's what it means to train ... ka!

Octopus ... put on gloves ... ki, Rak hall ... on a scooter,

And the seal fled from the square ... ki. Everything is forward ... and he is back ....

30. Write the words: de ..., pru ..., glue ..., ry ... ka, er .... Compose text according to

these key words. Try calling the controller for help -

vowel and determine the correct spelling. What words did you test

by changing the word, and to which one did they choose a related word?

Silent consonants

Sometimes consonants

They play hide and seek with us.

They don't pronounce

But they write in a notebook.

Sometimes in words there are

Terrible consonants.

They don't pronounce

And what to write is not clear to you ...

To know how to write, not wonderful, not wonderful,

It is necessary to change the word, But it is terrible and dangerous

And behind the sound incomprehensible Letter T to write in vain.

Look for a vowel quickly. Everyone knows how lovely

The letter T is appropriate.

1. A conversation about unpronounceable consonants.

Not all consonants in words are pronounced; some of them disappear, hide. If a word with an unpronounceable consonant cannot be checked, you should remember its spelling.

Why do the sounds disappear anyway?

The fact is that three consonants in a row can be very difficult to pronounce, so we simplify their pronunciation in this way. And writing them can not be simplified. Not just because there are unpronounceable consonants. They also have their own history. For example, why do we write the letter t in the word ladder? In the Old Russian language there was a word lystvitsa. So it turned into a staircase under the influence of such words as a sugar bowl, an inkwell. As for the word flattery itself, it is formed from the verb to climb, to climb, with the help of the suffix -tv (a).

This means that the unpronounceable t in the noun ladder is the remainder of the suffix -tv(a).

2. Words for spelling and commented letters.

In some words, the letters D, T, V, L are not pronounced, but are written.

To check an unpronounceable consonant, you need to pick up

one-root word so that this consonant is well heard.

Some words cannot be verified. Remember: feeling, stairs.

D - starry, late, holiday, heart.

T - valiant, sad, bone, oral, stairs, neighborhood, area, whistled, famous, charming, furious, honest, happy, messenger, reed, cabbage, rainy, joyful, private,

Giant, regional, imperious, serf.

B - feeling, hello.

L is the sun.

The combination of sn - zn.

SN - wonderful, beautiful, terrible, dangerous, in vain, tasty, interesting, cramped, insipid, heavenly, sailing, consonant, mute, wordless.

ZN - ugly, amiable, iron, collective farm, serious, diamond.

3. Find and write down words with unpronounceable consonants. Beside

write down the test words.

a) Valiant, ladder, leaf, kind, whistled, reed, briefcase,

cloud, messenger, window, hello.

b) Health, sun, leaf, heart, star, book, friend, famous,

joyful, neighborhood, column, furious, honest, holiday,

lovely.

4. Write down the words denoting the signs of objects. Paste

missing letters. Next, write down the words denoting objects.

Known ... ny (who?) .... Festive… festive (what?)… .

Sad ... ny (what?) ... . Starry ... noe (what?) ... .

Kapus ... ny (what?) ... . Honest ... ny (who?) ... .

5. Write off the text by inserting the missing letters

St ... it m ... different p ... years. Hoarfrost pushed birches in the forest, ... blues,

old ol…hu. The l ... snaya p ... Liana came to life. Applied ... bullfinches, titmouse. Under the spruce, the hare burrowed in a dream ....

Suddenly zash ... sang through the forest, a drifting snow ran. It became in l ... su t ... many. Nal… tel wind. D ... revya swayed ... fled. Paul ... drifted snowdrifts from spruce la ... . Sleep ... sprinkled. Started in ... the south.

With ... nce sanctified ... the surroundings ... ness. A crunch ... a dry branch in a dream spilled ... the body of a beautiful ... bird. The shepherd drives the flock to the pasture...bishche.

Sleep ... fell out late ... but. Sad ... st ... yat days. Everyone is waiting for a joyful holiday ... nickname.

6. Form adjectives from nouns.

Joy - ____________________,

bad weather - ___________________,

happiness - ____________________,

star - ______________________,

whistle - ______________________,

charm - ___________________.

7. Make sentences from these words and write them down. Paste

missing letters.

It is difficult to find out ours, in winter, the area ....

Covered, carpeted, snowy, everything.

Nana ... naya, the weather is worth it.

Blowing, furious ... ny, wind, cold.

Look, at, trees, sad ... but, naked.

8. Identify by ear words with unpronounceable and dubious

consonants and choose test words for them.

Frost and sun, wonderful day!

You are still dozing, my lovely friend.

Easily and joyfully plays in the heart of blood,

Desires boil - I'm happy again, young!

Three maidens by the window

Dropped in late at night...

“Hello, my beautiful prince!

Why are you quiet, like a rainy day? .. "

9. Read the poem expressively, explain all spellings, and

then try to write from memory any four that you remember

The sun looks down from the sky, but the sun will shine

Millions of years. And walks away.

The sun is pouring on the ground And a living heart

And warmth and light. Warm day and night.

So the heart is better

the sun itself,

no clouds

Don't overshadow him!

10. Riddles. Write answers with test words

The carpet is spread, Day and night it knocks,

Scattered peas: As if wound up.

Do not lift the carpet, It will be bad if suddenly

No peas to collect. This knock will stop.

(Starry sky) (Heart)

Well, which one of you will answer

Not fire, but it burns painfully.

Not a lantern, but it shines brightly,

And not a baker, but bakes? (Sun)

11. From the words given in brackets, form adjectives received

write phrases.

Day (holiday); evening (late); morning (bad weather); smile (joy);

deed (honor); labor (valor); life (happiness); view (sadness).

12. Complete the proverbs with words with unpronounceable consonants.

Hands work - soul ... .

Not in force ... but in truth.

In the big ... and the distant is close.

… labor is our wealth.

… they don't watch the clock.

Reference words: happy, honest, heart, holiday, honesty.

13. Write off, replacing the highlighted words with synonyms with unpronounceable

consonants.

Similar information.

In this lesson, we will learn that the paired consonant in the root of the word (in the middle and at the end of the word) needs to be checked. Let's learn how to check paired consonants in the root with a vowel. Let's do a lot of fun things.

Stunning paired consonants at the end and in the middle of a word

We already know that Russian has paired consonants:

B-P, D-T, G-K, Z-S, V-F, F-Sh.

Rice. 1. Paired consonants ()

Let's observe what happens to paired consonants at the end and in the middle of a word.

Let's name the items. Let's highlight the last sounds.

Train d

Ta h . We hear the sound C - we write the letter Z.

Let's check how a paired consonant sounds in the middle of a word before deaf consonants.

Lo d ka. We hear the sound T - we write the letter D.

Lo and ka. We hear the sound Sh - we write the letter Zh.

We conclude: voiced pairs at the end of a word and in the middle before deaf consonants are stunned, which means that the spelling of paired consonants must be checked.

Three ways to check paired consonants

This spelling occurs at the root of the word, therefore it was called "Spelling of paired consonants at the root of the word." And what words will be test?

Consider examples.

The first way to check the spelling of paired consonants is to change the form of the word so that a vowel appears after the paired consonant.

For example: cargo - cargo, snowdrift - snowdrifts, fruit - fruits.

The second way: mentally substitute the word "no".

For example: flag - no flag, frost - no frost, beak - no beak.

The third way: choose a single-root word so that a vowel comes after the double consonant.

For example: leg - leg, foot - sweetheart, grass - grass.

Rice. 6. Words with double consonants ()

The most dangerous.

Double in the word check

Substitute a vowel next to it.

And also, in order to check a paired consonant, you need to change the word so that after the checked consonant sound, a voiced consonant sound H is heard.

For example: fish - fish, book - book.

Consolidation of knowledge in practice

And now we will consolidate the acquired knowledge by completing the tasks.

Insert the missing letters, name the test word.

Skirt, pipe, blouse, cold, exhibition, eyes, snowballs, dirt, cow, mug, bell, walrus.

Let's check what happened: skirt - skirt, pipe - pipe, blouse - blouse, cold - cold, exhibition - expose, eyes - eyes, snowballs - snowy, mud - dirty, cow - cow, mug - mug, bell - calls, walrus - walruses.

Select the root in related words, insert a double consonant.

Tra…ka - tra…a, tra…ear, tra…inka.

Doo ... ki - doo ... ok, doo ... points, doo ... new.

Moro ... - frost ... s, frosty ... ny, frost ... it.

Herb ka - herb a, herb abalone, herb inca - root of herbs. Inserted the letter B.

Oak ki - oak ok, oak glasses, oak ovy - oak root. Put in the letter B.

Frost - frosts, frosty, frost - frost root. Insert the letter Z.

Let's name the items. In what words does the spelling differ from the pronunciation? Choose test words for them. Let's highlight the roots.

Bread, nail, hat, cake, dove.

Let's check. The pronunciation differs from the spelling of the words:

Bread, nail, dove.

Test words:

Bread - bread a, bread of ears, bread. Root bread.

Nail - nail and, carnation ik. The root of the nail.

Dove b - blue and, blue ok, blue other. Pigeon root.

We write words that are suitable in meaning with a double consonant at the end. All words start with the letter C.

…… blooms in spring.

Mom made ...... from cucumbers.

Winter is coming....

…… swept during a blizzard.

After the fight under the eye……

…… hay was removed from the field.

Let's check what happened (one of the options).

Garden blooms in spring.

Mom made a cucumber salad.

There is snow in the winter .

Snowdrift swept during a blizzard.

After a fight, a bruise under the eye.

Stack hay was removed in the field.

In the next lesson, we will learn the rules for writing words with a separating soft sign and consolidate this knowledge in practice by completing many interesting tasks.

1. Klimanova L.F., Babushkina T.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Enlightenment, 2012 (http://www.twirpx.com/file/1153023/)
2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Balass.
3. Ramzaeva T.G. Russian language. 2. - M.: Bustard.

1. Kuznetzova.siteedit.ru ().
2. School.xvatit.com().
3. Festival of pedagogical ideas "Open Lesson" ().

• Klimanova L.F., Babushkina T.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Enlightenment, 2012. Do exercise. 165 p. 109, ex. 167, 168 p. 111.
• Insert the necessary consonant at the place of the gap in the words.

Rice. 7. Task for spelling paired consonants at the root of the word ()

• * Using the knowledge gained in the lesson, solve the puzzles, explain the spelling of the answer words.