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In accordance with Part 3 of Article 333 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2002, No. 1, Art. 3; No. 30, Art. 3014, Art. 3033; 2003, No. 27, Art. 2700; 2004, No. 18 , item 1690; N 35, item 3607; 2005, N 1, item 27; N 19, item 1752; 2006, N 27, item 2878; N 52, item 5498; 2007, N 1, item 34; N 17, item 1930; N 30, item 3808; N 41, item 4844; N 43, item 5084; N 49, item 6070; 2008, N 9, item 812; N 30, 3613, item 3616; N 52, item 6235, item 6236; 2009, N 1, item 17, item 21; N 19, item 2270; N 29, item 3604; N 30, item 3732, item 3739; N 46, item 5419; N 48, item 5717; 2010, N 31, item 4196; N 52, item 7002; 2011, N 1, item 49; N 25, item 3539; N 27, item 3880; N 30, item 4586, item 4590, item 4591, item 4596; N 45, item

6333, Art. 6335; No. 48, Art. 6730, Art. 6735; No. 49, Art. 7015, Art. 7031; No. 50, Art. 7359; 2012, N 10, art. 1164; No. 14, Art. 1553; No. 18, Art. 2127; N 31, Art. 4325; No. 47, Art. 6399; No. 50, art. 6954, art. 6957, art. 6959; No. 53, Art. 7605; 2013, N 14, art. 1666, Art. 1668; No. 19, art. 2322, art. 2326, art. 2329; No. 23, Art. 2866, art. 2883; No. 27, Art. 3449, art. 3454, Art. 3477; No. 30, Art. 4037; No. 48, 6165; No. 52, Art. 6986; 2014, N 14, art. 1542, art. 1547, art. 1548) and subparagraph 5.2.71 of the Regulations on the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 3, 2013 N 466 (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2013, N 23, Art. 2923; N 33, Art. 4386 ; N 37, item 4702; 2014, N 2, item 126; N 6, item 582; N 27, item 3776), I order:

2. Approve the Procedure for determining the teaching load of teaching staff, stipulated in the employment contract (Appendix N 2).

According to paragraph 6 of Art. 55 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education", the workload of a pedagogical worker of an educational institution is stipulated in an employment contract. At the same time, the teaching load is limited by the upper limit determined by the model regulation on the educational institution of the corresponding type and type, i.e. limiting the upper limit of the teaching load is mandatory.
The working time of persons from among the teaching staff of educational institutions of higher professional education and educational institutions of additional professional education (advanced training), specialists has a specific duration - 36 hours a week.
At the same time, the working time regime of these employees also has its own characteristics, since it is determined taking into account the performance of teaching work and the implementation of research, creative and performing, experimental design, educational, methodological, organizational and methodological, educational, physical culture, sports and recreation work.
The mode of performance of teaching work is regulated by the schedule of training sessions. The volume of teaching work of each teacher is determined by the educational institution independently, depending on the qualifications of the employee and the profile of the department and cannot exceed 900 hours per academic year (in educational institutions of higher professional education) and 800 hours per academic year (in educational institutions of additional professional education (advanced training) ) specialists).
The average annual workload of teachers is established by the academic council of the university annually. The individual workload of each teacher is determined by the head of the department, agreed with the dean and approved by the Vice-Rector for Academic Affairs.
Features of the teaching load of teaching staff are determined by individual parameters. Their teaching load is made dependent on the qualifications and work profile of the department, universities set the load for professor positions at the level of 400 - 450 hours per academic year, associate professor - 700 - 720 hours, assistant - 850 - 900 hours per year.
The positions of the dean of the faculty and the head of the department are related to the teaching staff. Therefore, the conduct of the training load should be part of their job responsibilities. There is no fixed workload for these positions at this time. Higher educational institutions have the right to independently set the teaching load for the dean and the head of the department, the minimum volume of which should be determined by the main functions of the management of the faculty and the head of the department. Minimization of the teaching load is carried out by agreement of the parties to the employment contract.
In the same order, the teaching load for administrative and managerial personnel is determined: the rector, vice-rectors, directors of institutes (branches).
To calculate the teaching load of a teacher, the number of reduced astronomical hours per salary rate is used.
There is no concept of "academic hour" in the legislation, which does not allow to apply in practice the accounting of the teacher's workload in academic hours. Thus, the legislation determines the total duration of the working time of a pedagogical worker according to the general rules for recording working time.
The mode of fulfillment by the teacher of duties related to research, creative and performing, experimental design work, as well as educational, methodological, organizational, methodological, educational, physical culture, sports and recreational activities, is regulated by the internal labor regulations of the educational institution, plans of scientific and research papers, programs, graphics, etc.
When determining the duties of persons from among the teaching staff of universities and IPK, it is recommended to apply the Approximate norms of time for calculating the amount of educational work and the main types of educational, methodological and other work performed by the teaching staff of educational institutions of higher and additional professional education (letter of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated June 26, 2003 N 14-55-784in / 15).
The internal labor regulations of the educational institution, other local acts may regulate the performance of the specified work both directly in the educational institution and outside it.
The activity of a teacher combines its functional features (various types of teaching load, educational, scientific work). Therefore, the rule of Part 2 of Art. 333 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides: within the limits of the established reduced working hours, the teaching load (study work) of a teacher, stipulated in an employment contract, may be limited to an upper limit. The boundary of the volume of educational work should be reflected in the standard provision on the educational institution. In turn, the amount of working time or the norm of hours of pedagogical work for the wage rate may be less than 36 astronomical hours per week, depending on the position and (or) specialty of the teacher and taking into account the characteristics of his work.
Letter of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated June 26, 2003 N 14-55-784in / 15 "On approximate time limits for calculating the volume of educational work and the main types of educational, methodological and other work performed by the teaching staff of educational institutions of higher and additional professional education" partially regulates the establishment of relevant norms. According to paragraph 1.4 of the letter, exemplary norms have been developed for the traditional lecture and seminar technology of education and are intended for all forms of education, including external studies.

University teacher's rate

At the same time, the mode of performing teaching work is regulated by the schedule of training sessions.
Therefore, in the real activity of a university teacher, his working time is often only academic work, which, in particular, includes lecturing, conducting practical classes (seminars) and consultations, as well as monitoring the quality of the educational process (taking tests, exams, checking and reviewing various works). In addition, the composition of the educational work includes the management of educational, industrial, pre-diploma practice of students and other students, the management of the creation of coursework, qualification, certification works by students, the reception of their defense, etc.
In the said letter, the teacher's workload of 900 hours per year for the rate in astronomical units is equated to the same amount of workload in academic units. The standard of time in hours relating to classroom activities should be understood as one hour for one academic hour.
The working time regime during the working day, including the duration of the academic hour, is established by the letter of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated August 5, 2003 N 17-170in / 17-14 "On the direction of the draft exemplary rules of the internal labor schedule of the state educational institution of higher professional education (university )". According to the letter, the duration of an academic hour is 45 minutes. After the academic hour of classes, a break of 10 minutes is set. During the school day - a lunch break of at least 30 minutes. If necessary, it is allowed to combine two academic hours of classes into one lesson lasting 1 hour 20 minutes, with a break of 20 minutes.

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Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of December 22, 2014 N 1601
"On the duration of working time (norms of hours of pedagogical work for the wage rate) of pedagogical workers and on the procedure for determining the teaching load of pedagogical workers, stipulated in the employment contract"

With changes and additions from:

In accordance with Part 3 of Article 333 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2002, No. 1, Art. 3; No. 30, Art. 3014, Art. 3033; 2003, No. 27, Art. 2700; 2004, No. 18 , item 1690; N 35, item 3607; 2005, N 1, item 27; N 19, item 1752; 2006, N 27, item 2878; N 52, item 5498; 2007, N 1, item 34; N 17, item 1930; N 30, item 3808; N 41, item 4844; N 43, item 5084; N 49, item 6070; 2008, N 9, item 812; N 30, 3613, item 3616; N 52, item 6235, item 6236; 2009, N 1, item 17, item 21; N 19, item 2270; N 29, item 3604; N 30, item 3732, item 3739; N 46, item 5419; N 48, item 5717; 2010, N 31, item 4196; N 52, item 7002; 2011, N 1, item 49; N 25, item 3539; N 27, item 3880; N 30, item 4586, item 4590, item 4591, item 4596; N 45, item 6333, item 6335; N 48, item 6730, item 6735 ; N 49, item 7015, item 7031; N 50, item 7359; 2012, N 10, item 1164; N 14, item 1553; N 18, item 2127; N 31, item 4325; N 47, item 6399; N 50, item 6954, item 6957, item 6959; N 53, item 7605; 2013, N 14, item 1666, item 1668; N 19, item 2 322, Art. 2326, Art. 2329; No. 23, Art. 2866, art. 2883; No. 27, Art. 3449, Art. 3454, Art. 3477; No. 30, art. 4037; No. 48, 6165; No. 52, art. 6986; 2014, N 14, art. 1542, art. 1547, art. 1548) and subparagraph 5.2.71 of the Regulations on the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 3, 2013 N 466 (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2013, N 23, Art. 2923; N 33, Art. 4386 ; N 37, item 4702; 2014, N 2, item 126; N 6, item 582; N 27, item 3776), I order:

1. Establish the duration of working hours (norms of hours of pedagogical work for the wage rate) of pedagogical workers in accordance with Appendix No. 1 to this order.

DOES A TEACHER HAVE TO STAY AT THE UNIVERSITY 36 HOURS A WEEK?

Approve the Procedure for determining the teaching load of teaching staff, stipulated in the employment contract (Appendix N 2).

3. Recognize invalid the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated December 24, 2010 N 2075 "On the duration of working hours (norm of hours of pedagogical work for the wage rate) of pedagogical workers" (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on February 4, 2011, registration N 19709).

Is the legislation regulating the work of university teachers observed?

In the educational process of universities, the main figure is the teacher. Since the success of higher education depends on the effectiveness of the teacher's work, the requirements for his personality are significantly increased.

Meanwhile, the effectiveness of a teacher's work directly depends on the completeness of the established state guarantees of his labor rights, the creation of favorable working conditions, the level of remuneration, the degree of protection of rights and interests. And this means that the realization by a university teacher of his mission at the level of the requirements for his personality is unthinkable without an appropriate legal framework that regulates his work.

The work of the teaching staff, as well as other employees, is regulated by labor legislation.

At the same time, the leading role of the teacher in the educational process and the specifics of labor activity led to the legislative consolidation of a number of features in the regulation of his work. These features are provided for in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Labor Code of the Russian Federation), the Laws "On Education" and "On Higher and Postgraduate Vocational Education", the Model Regulation on an educational institution of higher professional education (higher educational institution), the Regulation on the procedure for filling positions of scientific and teachers and in a number of other by-laws.

A wide range of legal norms contained in these sources indicates that a reliable legal framework has been formed to regulate the work of the teaching staff. This gives reason to believe that all the necessary conditions have been created to ensure the guarantees of the labor rights of university teachers. However, in practice, the legislation regulating the work of university teachers is not always observed. The reasons for this are various - from imperfection or misinterpretation of certain norms of legislation to its direct violation.

An example of imperfection is Art. 332 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, which regulates the features of the conclusion and termination of an employment contract with scientific and pedagogical workers of universities, as already noted in the press<1>. This article was amended four years ago. However, due to the imperfection of the introduced provisions of Art. 332 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation cannot be fully applied, and therefore, in practice, they are essentially guided by this article in the old version.

<1>Reprintsev D.D. Features of the conclusion and termination of an employment contract with teachers of higher educational institutions // Labor Law. 2009. N 7. S. 73.

One of the reasons for the mistakes made in the practice of applying the legislation regulating the work of university teachers is the incorrect interpretation of its individual norms.

Thus, there is an opinion that the teacher has an irregular working day and therefore there are no restrictions on the length of his working day, and as compensation for overwork in excess of the normal working hours, the teacher is granted additional leave.

Such an opinion is erroneous. The error stems from the well-known difficulties in recording the teacher's working time due to the heterogeneity of his working day.

For faculty members as mental workers whose activities are associated with increased intellectual and nervous tension, the legislation provides for reduced working hours - no more than 36 hours per week (Article 333 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). However, due to the diversity of the teacher's responsibilities (educational, educational, methodological, research, organizational and methodological work and work on educating students) and the creative nature of a significant part of his work, almost not always and not all of the teacher's work can be entered within a certain time frame. and places of its implementation.

Firstly, part of the work is done outside the department (work in the library, participation in mass cultural events of students, curatorial work in a student hostel, etc.). Outside the department, research work is carried out, for which the university does not always provide the necessary conditions. The teacher has to work at home. It is no coincidence that the earlier housing legislation for scientific and pedagogical workers who had academic degrees and titles, as well as for other people in creative professions, established the right to additional living space.

Secondly, the current mode of work of the teacher ensures the implementation of the norm of working time (6 hours) not daily, but on average within ten working months of the academic year. At the same time, the daily duration of work may deviate from the established duration of the working day, and the overtime or shortcomings arising in connection with this are mutually balanced and repaid within the academic year.

As for additional leave, the teacher has no right to it. In accordance with Art. 334 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, teachers are provided with an annual basic extended vacation, the duration of which, in accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 01.10.2002 N 724 and clause 88 of the Model Regulation on an educational institution of higher professional education (higher educational institution) is 56 calendar days.

According to par. 3 art. 88 of the said Model Provision, the teaching load for teaching staff is set by the university independently, depending on their qualifications and the profile of the department, in the amount of up to 900 hours per academic year.

Many universities have taken this amount of workload as a mandatory norm and apply it even if there are clear funds available to set it lower. However, 900 hours is the upper limit of the teaching load per pay rate. Its specific value can be much lower, which depends on the total amount of teaching hours, the number of teachers, the wage fund of a given university.

The average estimated workload per teacher at a university may change annually. Its value must be fixed in the collective agreement (or annual supplement to it). The planned workload for a given academic year is included in the teacher's individual work plan. For work performed in excess of the norm of hours established in it, additional payment must be made. Nevertheless, the question often arises in such cases: what part of the load is subject to additional hourly payment - exceeding the upper limit (900 hours) or exceeding the amount provided for by the individual plan?

The answer to this question is unequivocal: additional payment is subject to teaching load not provided for by the teacher's individual plan. And the teacher's individual plan, as you know, is the main document specifying all types of work and their volume for a given academic year and, in essence, detailing the terms of an employment contract for this period.

The effectiveness of the legislation regulating the work of teachers is reduced if it contains norms that are doomed from the outset to failure. So, up to 2005, the Laws "On Education" (since 1992) and "On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education" (since 1996) contained a provision that the size of the average official salary of teaching staff from teaching staff is set at a level twice the average wage of industrial workers.

How to reduce the workload of university teachers?

However, as is known, this provision declared for 13 years has not been implemented.

A similar situation is observed with the norm of Art. 335 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (before the adoption of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, this was provided for by the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education" and the Model Regulations on an educational institution), which establishes the right of teachers to a long vacation of up to 1 year at least every 10 years of continuous teaching work. And although the Ministry of Education of Russia has developed a detailed Regulation on the procedure for granting such leave (BNA RF. 2001. N 11), in practice, in the conditions of budget financing, it turned out to be problematic to realize the right of teachers to a long vacation.

Article 55 of the Law "On Education" and clause 88 of the Model Regulation on an educational institution of higher professional education (higher educational institution) provide for the payment of monetary compensation to teachers for book publishing products and periodicals. In practice, persons working part-time, as a rule, such compensation is not paid. This is motivated by the fact that, according to the Letter of the Ministry of Education dated 05.11.1998 N 20-58-4046 / 20-4, such compensation is paid to part-time teachers, provided that they are not entitled to receive it at their main place of work. But this Letter is an outdated departmental document, published long before the adoption of the Labor Code, Art. 287 of which establishes the provision of persons working part-time, all guarantees and compensation in full.

The duration of the annual leave of 56 calendar days, sometimes due to any circumstances (work in the selection committee, management of practice, etc.) does not allow the teacher to use it completely during the holidays, and therefore, before the start of the new academic year, the teacher, with his consent, is recalled from holidays. Since such a withdrawal is often permanent, the only way to exercise the right to leave in this case is to replace its unused part, which exceeds 28 calendar days, with monetary compensation (Article 126 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation). However, in order to save money, the management of universities, as a rule, refrains from paying this compensation and offers to use the rest of the vacation during the coming academic year without exemption from the educational process. This means that such a vacation is provided on days free from the teacher's studies, and sometimes during the period of low employment of the teacher and with classes during the vacation.

Such an approach to granting leave is, in essence, a veiled refusal to pay compensation for the unused part of the leave, and, therefore, is a violation of the employee's right to leave.

Annual paid leave, as well as a break during the working day (shift), daily (between shifts) rest, weekends and non-working holidays, is a time of rest. And the rest time, in accordance with Art. 106 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, is the time during which the employee is free from the performance of labor duties and which he can use at his own discretion. Can a teacher associated with the educational process use the leave at his own discretion, for example, leave the place of residence?!

According to part 2 of Art. 125 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the unused part of the vacation must be provided at the choice of the employee at a time convenient for him during the current working year or attached to the vacation for the next working year. Therefore, if it is impossible to replace the unused part of the vacation with monetary compensation, the vacation must be granted in the current or next year with mandatory exemption from the educational process. And given that the duration of the academic year (10 months) is reduced by the number of vacation days, the pedagogical load provided for by the individual plan for this academic year should be reduced accordingly. And as for the periods free from studies, which the teacher is invited to use for vacation, they are formed as a result of the uneven distribution of the teaching load during the academic year. At this time, the teacher performs other types of work provided for by his individual plan (research work, methodological work, etc.), which could not be performed during periods of intense teaching load. So, it is impossible to provide leave without reducing the pedagogical load, and even more so without exemption from the educational process, otherwise it will be equivalent to the fact that for a person working in shift work, his inter-shift rest is considered vacation time.

As is known, recently there has been a decline in the number of applicants to universities, which inevitably causes a decrease in the total amount of study hours. This is facilitated, in addition, by the measures taken in universities to enlarge the study groups of students and increase the average calculated load per teacher.

Under these conditions, the university needs to carry out, if not a reduction in the number of teachers, then at best, transfer them to part-time work, i.e. on a part-time basis.

According to Art. 57 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the size of the tariff rate or official salary is a mandatory condition of the employment contract. And changing the terms of the employment contract determined by the parties is allowed only by agreement of its parties, concluded in writing (Article 72 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

Since the initiative to change the conditions of remuneration comes from the employer, it is necessary to be guided by the rules established by Art. 74 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

In accordance with this article, the employer, if there are certain reasons, has the right to change the terms of the employment contract provided for by the parties (except for changing the labor function of the employee).

The employer is obliged to notify the employee in writing of the forthcoming changes in the terms of the employment contract (in our case, the reduction in the wage rate), as well as the reasons that necessitated such changes (reduction in the study load due to a decrease in the number of students), the employer is obliged to notify the employee in writing no later than for two months. It should be noted that the legislator does not specify the procedure for such notification. It can be done in the order of a personal warning to the employee or by issuing an order from the head on the transition to new working conditions, with which the employee must be familiarized against signature no later than the specified period. If the employee does not agree to work under the new conditions, the employer is obliged in writing to offer him another available job (position). In the absence of the specified work or the refusal of the employee from the proposed work, the employment contract is terminated in accordance with paragraph 7 of part 1 of Art. 77 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

In practice, provided for in Art. 74 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the procedure for changing the terms of an employment contract determined by the parties is not always observed. Often, teachers are not warned about these changes in advance. The argument about the impossibility of foreseeing the implementation of the plan for enrolling students in the first year can be recognized as an objective reason for late notification only in relation to teachers working with first-year students.

As a rule, at the beginning of the academic year, the teacher is invited to sign an addendum to the employment contract - an agreement on changing the volume of the teaching load and the resulting reduction in wages. At the same time, the approach to persons whose employment contract continues, and to those who conclude it again in connection with re-election for a new term, is the same. Meanwhile, such changes should concern, first of all, persons whose term of the previous employment contract has expired and there is a question of concluding it for the next term. In this case, it is illogical to talk about changing the terms of an employment contract: the contract does not yet exist. Of course, such an approach is possible if the academic discipline, the teaching of which was planned for this teacher, can be painlessly transferred to another teacher (with his consent and appropriate qualifications). It is for this purpose, according to part 3 of Art. 74 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to offer this load to a person whose terms of the current contract are subject to change. And of course, a clear violation of Part 3 of Art. 74 and part 3 of Art. 81 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation is hiring against the background of a reduction in the total workload of a new employee for teaching a discipline that can be conducted by a teacher who is in an employment relationship with a university.

The imperfection of the legislation regulating the work of university teachers, errors in its application infringe on the labor rights of teachers, adversely affect the creation of the necessary and sufficient conditions to ensure their guarantees, and, consequently, the efficiency of labor.

D.D. Reprintsev

Voronezh State

forestry academy

We publish a fragment from the transcript of the meeting of the Council for Science and Education under the President of the Russian Federation, held on June 23, 2014, dedicated to the acute problem of Russian higher education - the workload of teachers.

Andrey Adrianov,

deputy Chairman of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of the Institute of Marine Biology. A.V. Zhirmunsky:

… Discussing the problem of increasing the level of professional training of university graduates and the correspondence of the acquired knowledge and skills to the needs of potential employers and the needs of the real sector of the economy, it is necessary to improve the entire structure of the educational process. One of the key issues here is, in my opinion, the creation for the teaching staff directly involved in the educational process, not only the conditions for teaching students on the most modern material and technical base, but also the opportunities for university teachers to directly engage in specialized scientific work.

A modern teacher should be engaged in science and keep abreast of the latest achievements in his field, maintain scientific contacts with the professional international community, and in the case of applied developments, interact with consumers of scientific developments. However, chronic overload with teaching hours, especially in regional universities, forces teachers with a workload of 800–900 hours, and young teachers with a workload of up to 1,000 hours sometimes become repeaters, that is, retell textbooks and actual manuals.

It is extremely difficult for them to physically fully engage in scientific research, follow the latest achievements of science, write and win grants, get involved in international scientific projects, build cooperation with industrial enterprises. With such a workload, they don't have time to really mess around with their students and graduate students outside of class, to work together in the laboratory at the modern level. There is such equipment, and it is very good, but sometimes there is not enough time and effort to conduct research under the current regulatory framework.

In order to fulfill the normative load, teachers are sometimes forced to become multi-machine operators, to take a large number of different courses, sometimes not quite specialized ones; and this is dangerous: we can get a profanity instead of a university education. The very essence of university education lies in the fact that professors and associate professors who lecture in various scientific areas do this science themselves, that is, they have the opportunity to work in laboratories together with their students and graduate students and be really recognized as specialists in this scientific direction.

In foreign universities, the average workload of professors usually does not exceed 300 hours, and the vast majority of those who teach are actively involved in science. If we really want to reach the level of the world's leading universities, it is necessary to limit the total teaching load of teachers at the level of 400-450 hours, while the lecture load of professors and associate professors is about 150 hours. This is approximately the level of workload that leading universities manage to withstand.

How to reduce the real workload on university teachers without increasing the number of positions in the departments, which universities are trying to avoid in every possible way due to limited financial resources and current regulations? There are such mechanisms, and some of them have already been announced, but now, in the context of financing both universities and research institutes in the form of targeted subsidies for the implementation of specific state tasks, such mechanisms need to be adjusted and further developed. First of all, this is the involvement of part-time teachers from scientific institutions and the sphere of high-tech production, who are really engaged in science and production, for the positions of the teaching staff. This allows you to increase the number of specialists involved in teaching and avoid retransmission and multi-station.

Here it is not enough that students can take coursework, diploma practice at work, direct contacts with such specialists are important in the format of lectures, seminars, practical classes, and summer practices, these are contacts with future employers and with future colleagues. It is from such specialists that students learn what really awaits them in production, what they should know, be able to do, and basic knowledge in the specialty will be provided to them by full-time teaching staff [professional and teaching staff].

The second is the involvement of full-time university researchers in teaching. Some universities have full-time researchers, some are now actively creating scientific laboratories. The involvement of such full-time researchers, especially for practical exercises and practices, would be extremely useful. However, sometimes there are nuances associated with funding in the form of subsidies, sometimes such full-time researchers cannot be sent to practice with students, because money is already being spent on this for the educational process.

Then there is the opportunity to involve postdocs in teaching. This institution is not yet developed in our universities, and we spoke about this at one of the meetings of the Council. Just in Western universities, postdocs are not only draft horses that make science, but postdocs from leading professors are just those who are largely responsible for the pedagogical process. And this, too, can relieve full-time teachers who are overloaded with teaching hours.

The next is the involvement of graduate students in the teaching work. In higher education institutions, it is mandatory that graduate students fulfill the academic load.

In academic institutions, this is often optional. We in the Far East, in FEFU, in the Far Eastern Department, sometimes went to such lengths that even graduate students in academic institutions had to develop some kind of standard for teaching at the Far Eastern Federal University, because a modern researcher should be able to at least to some extent convey their knowledge to students. And in this way, we were also able to significantly reduce the teaching load on teachers.

The next thing that has already been mentioned here is that it is necessary to improve the system of basic departments and joint laboratories created by universities and functioning on the basis of research organizations and industrial enterprises, linking their activities not only with the possibility of conducting industrial practices for students, but also with the possibility of regular classes there, including with the involvement of specialists from these enterprises. Moreover, the specialists are not formally connected with the university, they are not hourly workers, not part-time workers, not full-time employees. But if the basic department is located at an enterprise or some institute, then a sufficiently large number of specialists from these enterprises or institutes can be involved in working with students.

I would also like to note the initiative of the Russian Science Foundation, which this year launched a program of grants, grant support for the creation of joint laboratories and universities, scientific institutions and enterprises. What would you like to suggest specifically? Maybe, after all, try to reconsider the proportionality of the workload of university teachers to the modern requirements that we now impose on them.

It is necessary to further develop the institution of part-time jobs and attract third-party specialists, including those from the real sector of the economy and leading scientific institutions, to participate in educational activities. It is necessary to expand the practice of attracting invited specialists to educational activities at universities, including from abroad, on the basis of short-term and long-term contracts. I would like to more fully provide the regulatory framework and conditions for expanding the practice of organizing basic departments by universities, including at specialized industrial enterprises, and expanding the practice of creating joint laboratories with universities, scientific institutions, and manufacturing enterprises.

Dmitry Livanov, Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation:

Even Andrei Vladimirovich [Adrianov], apparently, like any person who does not really know how higher educational institutions work, made several suggestions.

I can say that they are all almost implemented. We currently do not have any rationing of the load on teachers. We note that it is up to the university itself to distribute the load. And it is precisely where teachers do not conduct any scientific work that universities just load them with educational work. And where teachers work and are engaged in science, their workloads do not exceed 300-400 hours a year, as in our leading universities, so it seems to me that one should not confuse cause and effect.

We asked our colleagues the following questions. Do you think the existing workload in universities is really prohibitive? What is the situation at your university? Has it changed for the better in recent years, or, conversely, worsened, or remained the same? What workload would you consider optimal for a combination of scientific and teaching work? We publish the responses.

Pavel Kudyukin,

Associate Professor, National Research University Higher School of Economics and RANEPA, Co-Chairman of the Central Council of the Trade Union "University Solidarity" (Moscow):

In Livanov's dialogue with Adrianov, the minister was simply cunning. Adrianov spoke about the main array of Russian universities, and Livanov answered about the "leading". Of course, at Moscow State University HSE and at the RANEPA, the situation with the load is not so catastrophic, although the volume is also not small.

By the way, the last two are now introducing a differentiated amount of teaching load depending on the publication activity. Here, however, there are pitfalls. First, a person with an increased workload falls into a trap from which it is not so easy to get out: in order to switch to a “research” contract, he needs to overwork for the sake of publications. Secondly, taking into account, first of all, articles and article-oriented citation and Hirsch indices discriminates against people working on the “large form” - monographs (meanwhile, specialists in scientometrics are well aware that monographs are more important in the humanities than articles) .

But even at the Russian State University for the Humanities, which is not a supernumerary university, the teaching load of many teachers is already creeping over 900 hours a year.

Livanov does not distort reality by saying that the universities themselves are responsible for regulating the workload. But this does not mean at all that the Ministry of Education and Science should remove itself from this process. Now there is only a recommendatory norm that the teaching load should not exceed 900 hours. However, in many universities this figure is perceived as MINIMUM. At the same time, there is an increase in the classroom (“throat”) load while reducing the norms of time for individual work with students.

Our trade union in May-June carried out the campaign “Reasonable load! Decent pay! No cuts! In the course of it, we put forward a requirement that the teaching load should not exceed 520 hours (one third of the teacher's annual working time fund, based on the 36-hour week established by law). At the same time, the classroom load should not exceed 180 hours. This will bring us closer to world standards and give the teacher the opportunity to properly prepare for classroom classes (that is, to implement the educational and methodological part of the load) and engage in research work.

Dmitry Trynov,

co-chairman of the central council of the University Solidarity trade union, chairman of the primary organization of workers of the Ural Federal University (Yekaterinburg):

First, I would like to report that the Minister lied about the workload. Lies are becoming a hallmark
authorities in Russia. The answer of Mr. Minister causes nothing but irritation and indignation. Now I will try to answer your questions in order. Although these are rather complex questions, I will try to be concise.

1. I don't consider 800 hours to be an extreme load. But this is the maximum load on classroom development. If an employee exceeds this limit, then things like professional burnout and a decrease in the quality of education begin to happen. At the same time, I draw your attention to the fact that we are talking about the classroom load. And this in itself is a very specific L load, it requires both intellectual and physical costs. It must be understood that in a normal mode of life, a person cannot lead more than two or three pairs a day.

Today we are talking about the fact that the employer seeks to increase this limit under various pretexts. What leaders don't do! Changing the staffing table, job titles, workload structure, etc. But the most favorite thing is reorganization! This is a real scourge of the modern education system! The example that we are now seeing in the SUM is indicative. What is going on there should be included in the textbooks on the lawlessness in Russia at the beginning of the 21st century!

The point is also that one rate (800 hours) is catastrophically little money (for an associate professor, candidate of sciences, the average salary is 20-25 thousand rubles). This creates the need to constantly earn money on the side in order to have a more or less normal level of income. And as you understand, the circle closes, because we again come to the point that quality suffers and professional burnout occurs.

2. The situation with the load is constantly deteriorating. The employer, since he wants to save money, does not find anything better than to do this by increasing the workload. This is also the main reason for the cuts. Here, as a rule, the employer drags in "presidential promises to increase the salaries of teachers to the level of the average for the region." It happens like this. Increase the load by the value of N, and the salary by the value of N - 1.

As a result, the figure is adjusted to the desired average, they report, and everyone is happy. Except the worker! In most cases, workers voluntarily agree to increase their workload! This is an amazing phenomenon of Russian reality! They are told something like: “If we don’t agree to this, our university will be deprived of funding” or “We will get a salary increase, we just need to agree to a change in the load structure.” And then, when an employee sees his new employment contract, it turns out that instead of 800 hours of “throat load”, he has all 1100-1200! This is how the employer behaves like a station thimbler!

Traditional trade unions play an important role here. Since the procedure for making such decisions requires a general meeting of the labor collective, then, of course, it must be “prepared”. And here the pocket trade union comes to the aid of the administration. This is another paradox. Trade unions, instead of protecting the interests of workers, are engaged in the protection and assistance of the administration. Therefore, new structures of civil society, such as "University Solidarity", cannot be dispensed with.

3. For me, the issue of the load is solved as follows. Its structure has the following components: classroom, methodological, scientific, extracurricular. Total 1580 hours. So, the ratio should take into account the individual characteristics of the employee. For this, an individual load plan is created annually. This is a function of planning, that is, a matter of leadership. Today, to say that planning in this area is being done poorly is to say nothing.

Irina Gordeeva,

Associate Professor of the Department of Russian History of the Middle Ages and Modern Times, Russian State University for the Humanities:

Many thanks to A.V. Adrianova for trying to draw attention to the issue of workload at such a high level. As a lecturer at the Russian State Humanitarian University, I can only confirm that he is right: in the last year, the increase in teachers' salaries was achieved in most universities due to a sharp increase in workload.

Currently, the Russian State Humanitarian University has the "Regulations on the procedure for planning individual workload", signed on September 16, 2013. According to these standards, the maximum amount of individual workload of a teacher is 1584 hours, of which up to 900 hours can be teaching workload. Within this teaching load, the classroom load is allocated, which, according to the norms, should be at least 40% of the total teaching load for a professor, 50% for an associate professor, and 60–70% for senior teachers, assistants and just teachers. Thus, at the Russian State University for the Humanities, the classroom workload (namely, it is problem No. 1) of an assistant professor at a rate is currently only according to the standards - 450 hours (50% of the total teaching load of 900 hours) in reality - much more.

Instead of the individualization of education, we got a conveyor belt, the work on which exhausts the teacher even physically. If earlier the voice disappeared and the throat began to hurt in the last month of the semester, now it is somewhere at the end of the second month.

The increase in load began even earlier, with the transition to the Bologna system. The Bologna process assumed a fundamental change in the function of the teacher from traditional, information-controlling, to organizational and consultative-coordinating. Logically, at the level of curricula, such a change in the role of the teacher should not have affected the amount of teaching hours per course, even, perhaps, should have increased them or led to an increase in the share of the extracurricular workload of the teacher compared to the classroom.

In fact, in accordance with the general Russian attitude towards “optimization” of higher education, there has been a general reduction in teaching lecture and seminar hours per course without a corresponding increase in hours for monitoring students' independent work, for extracurricular work. The result was a significant increase not only in the classroom part of the workload, but also in the number of courses taught by teachers in the academic year.

In essence, instead of the individualization of education, we got a conveyor belt, the work on which exhausts the teacher even physically. If earlier the voice disappeared and the throat began to hurt in the last month of the semester, now it is somewhere at the end of the second month. Why the transition to the Bologna system did not bring us closer, but moved us away from the realities of the workload of Western teachers is a mystery.

It is impossible to perform such a load qualitatively. It is also impossible to develop new courses and promptly update old ones under such a load. This situation forces teachers to use the following informal survival strategies: forced to reduce the quality of work, curtail their scientific plans, abandon cultural needs or engage in their professional activities at the expense of their personal lives: fulfilling their family responsibilities, communicating with their children, caring for relatives and their health .

It also surprises me and my colleagues that official authorities always talk about the scientific activity of a teacher as something that teachers strive to avoid. Scientific research is the most important thing for the vast majority of those with whom I communicate in my professional life. The basic identity of a teacher at a modern Russian university is research. On the contrary, rather, the problem is that the awareness of the significance, the importance of the teaching work itself does not come immediately and not to everyone. In the 1990s, at least in the humanities, teaching was often seen as an unfortunate necessity or, at best, one of the most convenient niches for doing science. A university teacher is a person who strives to do science with all his might, despite extremely unfavorable objective circumstances. The modern workload leaves him practically no such opportunity. For example, in this academic year, I sometimes managed to break into the archive, order files, and then there was no time to come and read and note them, it came to conflicts with archivists, because the term for using the ordered files is most often one month.

The statement of Minister Livanov that "we do not currently have any rationing of the load on teachers" is very alarming. In theory, competent rationing is simply necessary if the goal is to improve the quality of teaching, and not the notorious "optimization" and if we consider teachers as the main resource of education, and not just as workers providing educational services.

The optimal workload for combining scientific and teaching activities, in my opinion, is 200 classroom hours. But one indication of the desired amount of workload is not enough, the structure of the workload is also important, for example, whether hours are allocated for certification and retakes, as well as much and much more.

Tatyana Volkova,

Lecturer at the Russian State University for the Humanities, postgraduate student at VINITI RAS:

I consider the load of teachers in Russia completely inadequate to world standards. At my university, the load was 700 hours, now it has grown to 900. No one in the ministry can say where the figure of 900 hours came from, how it was calculated. At the same time, salaries increased slightly. Previously, I was at 0.25 rates and received 15 thousand rubles. per month. Now my rate has increased to 0.4 rates, but I began to receive less - 14 thousand rubles, and the number of classroom hours increased. It turns out that taking more pairs is simply unprofitable, and this money certainly does not pay off our efforts. The situation has clearly worsened in recent years.

I know colleagues who work full-time - this is a work of wear and tear, they do not have time to do science. In my department, almost no one works full-time, and, accordingly, no one receives those 50 thousand rubles. per month, which are due to professors (and 50 thousand rubles, I think, is not enough for a doctor of science and a professor). There is no need to talk about youth at all. Young teachers without degrees can count on a maximum of 30 thousand rubles, this is their absolute “ceiling”. Not surprisingly, my department has only two teachers under 30 years old - me and another graduate student, the age of all the rest is from 45 to 70 years. Our other graduates prefer more in-demand areas of work.

I think the optimal load is 300-400 hours, but we would be quite happy to return to the old system from 700 hours for a start. I also believe that at the moment it is necessary to include the preparation of methodological materials in the workload. Now the ministry requires universities to provide complete sets of educational and methodological complexes (TMC), while not allocating additional money for this.

Naturally, teachers lack the motivation to write high-quality methodological materials for free. And the hours spent on writing the teaching materials are, of course, not included in the workload. Just as the hours spent at the open day, for example, are not included (and this is work on weekends!). It is also necessary to allocate more hours to work with term papers and graduate students and write reviews on them.

Iskander Yasaveev,

Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Kazan Federal University:

My experience and the experience of my colleagues at Kazan Federal University confirms the fact that teachers are overloaded and the teaching load leaves very little time for scientific work. In the 2013/2014 academic year, my workload is 862 hours, of which 375 hours are lectures and practical classes. But it is possible to cope with this load and, although it is not easy, to find time for research, if it were not for the increasing volume of bureaucratic work every year to fill out all kinds of forms, reports, programs, compiling unreadable educational and methodological complexes, etc.

For example, quite recently, the teachers of our institute (as part of KFU) were sent a form for calculating the work of the “second half of the day” and were asked to plan in hours the time they would spend on preparing for lectures, developing discipline programs, writing articles, and so on (49 categories). You can get acquainted with this bureaucratic "masterpiece" in the application.

In my opinion, all these demands are the result of the creation of redundant management units in universities and the Ministry of Education and Science, which thus provide themselves with work and justify their existence. It is in this “free” and “rationally organized” space that we are expected to make scientific breakthroughs that would ensure the inclusion of Russian universities among the best universities in the world…

The discussion about the workload of university teachers will be continued in the next issue of the newspaper.

Some almost all scientific and pedagogical workers (teachers) of universities, having worked out the norm of teaching work, leave their jobs. And some rectors of some Russian universities did not teach anything epic fail the rector of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation V. Laptev, who obliged the entire faculty to sit all 36 hours a week within the walls of the university (“The rector of the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation was fired”, Kommersant, April 6, 2011). And in some universities, teachers are still required to stay all 36 hours a week. Portal Administration PhDRu will try to find out how legitimate this requirement is ...

According to Article 333 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, reduced working hours are established for teaching staff no more 36 hours a week. Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of December 24, 2010 N 2075 “On the duration of working hours (norm of hours of pedagogical work for the wage rate) of pedagogical workers” in paragraph 1 clarifies that this provision on a 36-hour working week also applies to

employees from among the teaching staff of educational institutions of higher professional education and educational institutions of additional professional education (advanced training) of specialists.

At the same time, the Note to this order states that:

Notes.
1. The duration of working hours of pedagogical workers includes teaching (educational) work, educational, as well as other pedagogical work, provided for by qualification characteristics for positions and features of the working hours and rest time of pedagogical and other employees of educational institutions, approved in the prescribed manner.

According to paragraph 88 of the "Model Regulations on an educational institution of higher professional education (higher educational institution", approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 14, 2008 N 71:

For employees of a higher educational institution engaged in pedagogical activities - pedagogical employees, a reduced working time is established - no more than 36 hours per week and an extended annual paid leave of 56 calendar days.
The teaching load for teaching staff is set by the higher educational institution independently, depending on their qualifications and the profile of the department, in the amount of up to 900 hours per academic year.

Given model provision determines the maximum limit of the study load, and the specific number of hours of study load for assistants, senior lecturers, associate professors and professors is determined by the Collective Agreement between employees and the administration of the university.

Thus, in higher educational institutions, only the maximum working time of teachers is determined - 36 hours per week and the maximum amount of teaching load (900 hours per year for universities and 800 for advanced training institutions). Within this time, teachers must perform all types of teaching load: lecturing, conducting seminars and laboratory classes, consultations and exams. At the same time, the teacher regulates only the pedagogical load, which is differentiated depending on the position held.

However, it should be noted that the working hours of a university teacher include not only the teaching load, but also educational, methodological and research activities: preparation of lectures / practical classes; articles/textbooks/monographs; participation in conferences / seminars, as well as in research projects. Thus, paragraph 7 of the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (No. 69 of March 27, 2006) “On the peculiarities of the working hours and rest time of pedagogical and other employees of educational institutions” indicates the types of extracurricular work of the teacher:

VII. Working hours
teaching staff of educational
institutions of higher professional education
and educational institutions of additional
vocational education (increase
qualifications) of specialists
7.1. The working hours of persons from among the teaching staff of educational institutions of higher professional education and educational institutions of additional professional education (advanced training) of specialists within a 36-hour working week are determined taking into account the performance of teaching work, as well as the implementation of research, creative and performing , experimental design, educational and methodological, organizational and methodological, educational, physical culture, sports and recreational work.
7.2. The mode of performance of teaching work is regulated by the schedule of training sessions. The amount of teaching work of each teacher is determined by the educational institution independently, depending on the qualifications of the employee and the profile of the department and cannot exceed 900 hours per academic year - in educational institutions of higher professional education and 800 hours per academic year - in educational institutions of additional professional education (advanced training) specialists.
7.3. The mode of fulfillment by the teacher of duties related to research, creative, executive, experimental design work, as well as educational, methodological, organizational, methodological, educational, physical culture, sports and recreational activities is regulated by the internal labor regulations of the educational institution, research plans works, programs, schedules, etc.
The internal labor regulations of the educational institution, other local acts may regulate the performance of the specified work both directly in the educational institution and outside it.

However, at the university, all of the above activities can only be carried out subject to the availability of an appropriate organizational, technical and material base. Therefore, in order not to sit at the university all 36 hours a week, at the beginning of the academic year, the teacher must include extracurricular activities in his individual curriculum. Indeed, many points of the form of an individual plan of a university teacher, which is approved by the head of the department, may provide for work outside the walls of the university ...

So, as far as "full-time teacher", then according to article 333 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, “For teaching staff, a reduced working time of no more than 36 hours per week is established”(See also the "Regulations on the peculiarities of the regime of working hours and rest time of pedagogical and other employees of educational institutions", approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of March 27, 2006 N 69). The number of hours of classroom (lecture-throat) workload for teachers is determined by a collective labor agreement developed in accordance with the model regulation of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, and is 850-900 academic hours per academic year for assistants and senior teachers and 800-850 academic hours per academic year for associate professors. The rest of the workload is extracurricular workload - the so-called "afternoon"- educational, scientific, methodological and research activities that no one fully performs in real life. For the state pretends to pay the assistant 5,500 rubles, and the assistant pretends to work. How the story ended at the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, when the rector V. Laptev ordered the entire faculty to sit all 36 hours a week within the walls of the university, is well known to everyone ...

I. General provisions

1.1. The procedure for determining the teaching load of pedagogical workers, stipulated in the employment contract (hereinafter referred to as the Procedure), determines the rules for determining the teaching load of pedagogical workers, stipulated in the employment contract, the grounds for its change, cases of establishing the upper limit of the teaching load depending on the position and (or) specialty of pedagogical employees, taking into account the characteristics of their work.

1.2. When determining the teaching load of pedagogical workers, its volume is established for the implementation of educational (teaching) work in cooperation with students by types of educational activities, the established curriculum (individual curriculum), current monitoring of progress, intermediate and final certification of students.

1.3. The volume of the teaching load of pedagogical workers performing educational (teaching) work is determined annually at the beginning of the academic year (training period, sports season) and is established by the local regulatory act of the organization carrying out educational activities.

1.4. The volume of the teaching load established for a teacher is stipulated in an employment contract concluded by a teacher with an organization carrying out educational activities.

1.5. The volume of the teaching load of teaching staff (with the exception of teaching staff replacing the positions of the teaching staff), established at the beginning of the academic year (training period, sports season), cannot be changed in the current academic year (training period, sports season) at the initiative of the employer with the exception of changes in the teaching load of teaching staff specified in subparagraph 2.8.1

1.6. The volume of the teaching load of teaching staff (with the exception of teaching staff replacing the positions of the teaching staff), established in the current academic year (training period, sports season), cannot be changed at the initiative of the employer for the next academic year (training period, sports season) with the exception of cases of a change in the teaching load of teaching staff specified in paragraph 2.8 of Appendix No. 1 to this order, in the direction of its reduction, associated with a decrease in the number of hours according to curricula, study schedules, a reduction in the number of students, students, groups, a reduction in the number of classes (classes -sets).

1.7. Temporary or permanent change (increase or decrease) in the volume of the teaching load of teaching staff in comparison with the teaching load specified in the employment contract is allowed only by agreement of the parties to the employment contract concluded in writing, with the exception of changing the volume of the teaching load of teaching staff in the direction of its reduction provided for in clauses 1.5 and 1.6 of this Procedure.

1.8. The employer is obliged to notify the teaching staff in writing about changes in the volume of the teaching load (increase or decrease), as well as the reasons that necessitated such changes, no later than two months before the proposed changes are made, unless the change in the volume of the teaching load carried out by agreement of the parties to the employment contract.

1.9. Local regulations of organizations engaged in educational activities on the issues of determining the teaching load of pedagogical workers engaged in educational (teaching) work, as well as its changes, are adopted taking into account the opinion of the elected body of the primary trade union organization or other representative body of employees (if there is such a representative body).

II. Determination of the teaching load of teachers and lecturers for whom the norm of teaching hours is 18 hours per week for the wage rate, the grounds for its change

2.1. The teaching load of teachers and lecturers is determined taking into account the number of hours according to the curricula, work programs of subjects, educational programs, staffing of the organization carrying out educational activities.

2.2. Payment of the wage rate in full, subject to additional teaching hours to the established norm, is guaranteed for the following teachers who cannot be provided with an academic load in the amount corresponding to the norm of hours of educational (teaching) work established for the wage rate per week:

1 - 4 classes when transferring the teaching of foreign language, music, fine arts and physical culture lessons to specialist teachers;

1 - 4 classes, who do not have the necessary training to conduct Russian language lessons, organizations that carry out educational activities in educational programs of primary general education with their native (non-Russian) language of instruction, located in rural areas;

the Russian language of organizations engaged in educational activities in educational programs of primary general education with a native (non-Russian) language of instruction, located in rural areas;

physical culture of organizations carrying out educational activities on general educational programs located in rural areas;

foreign language organizations engaged in educational activities for general educational programs located in the villages of logging and rafting enterprises and chemical forestry enterprises.

2.3. When determining the teaching load for the new academic year for teachers and lecturers for whom the organization carrying out educational activities is the main place of work, its volume is maintained and the continuity of teaching subjects, courses, disciplines (modules) in classes (set classes), groups is ensured , with the exception of cases provided for in paragraph 1.7 of this Procedure.

Preservation of the volume of the teaching load and the continuity of teaching subjects, courses, disciplines (modules) for teachers and teachers of the graduating classes, groups is ensured by providing them with a teaching load in classes (classes-sets), groups in which the study of those taught by these teachers and teachers begins for the first time subjects, courses, disciplines (modules).

2.4. Teachers, as well as teachers of organizations engaged in educational activities in educational programs of secondary vocational education of a pedagogical orientation, applying the norm of hours of educational (teaching) work of 18 hours per week for a wage rate, for which, for reasons beyond their control, the teaching load decreases during the academic year in comparison with the workload established at the beginning of the academic year, after the expiration of the notification period for its reduction, provided for in paragraph 1.8 of this Procedure, until the end of the academic year, as well as during the vacation period, which does not coincide with the annual main extended paid leave and the annual additional paid leave , payable:

wages for the actually remaining number of hours of study (teaching) work, if it exceeds the norm of hours of study (teaching) work per week, established for the wage rate;

wages in the amount of the monthly rate, if the volume of the teaching load before its reduction corresponded to the norm of hours of study (teaching) work per week, established for the wage rate, and if they cannot be loaded with other pedagogical work;

wages established before the reduction of the teaching load, if it was set below the norm of hours of study (teaching) work per week, established for the wage rate, and if they cannot be loaded with other pedagogical work.

2.5. When teachers of organizations implementing basic general education programs for which these organizations are the main place of work are entrusted with the responsibility of teaching children at home who, for health reasons, cannot attend such organizations, the number of hours established for teaching such children is included in the teaching load teachers.

2.6. The onset of holidays for students, including those studying at home, is not a reason to reduce teachers' teaching load and salaries, including in cases where the conclusion of a medical organization, which is the basis for organizing homeschooling, is valid only until the end of the academic year.

2.7. The teaching load, performed in order to replace teachers and teachers temporarily absent due to illness and other reasons, is paid additionally.

III. Determination of the teaching load of teachers of additional education, senior teachers of additional education and the educational (training) load of trainers-teachers, senior trainers-teachers, the grounds for its change

3.1. Determination of the workload of teachers of additional education, senior teachers of additional education and the training (training) load of trainers-teachers, senior trainers-teachers, as well as its change are carried out taking into account the specifics of the implementation of additional general education programs in the field of arts, physical culture and sports, sports training programs in accordance with clauses 2.1, 2.2, 2.4 - 2.6 of this Procedure.

IV. Determination of the teaching load of teachers of organizations engaged in educational activities in educational programs of secondary vocational education, the norm of hours of educational (teaching) work for the salary rate of which is 720 hours per year, the grounds for its change

4.1. For teachers of organizations engaged in educational activities in educational programs of secondary vocational education, the norm of hours of study (teaching) work for the salary rate of which is 720 hours per year, the volume of the annual teaching load is determined based on 10 academic months.

The study load on weekends and non-working holidays is not planned.

4.2. For teachers who are on annual main extended paid leave and (or) annual additional paid leave after the beginning of the academic year, the teaching load is determined based on its volume for the full academic year, with the subsequent application of the conditions for its reduction, provided for in clause 4.4 of this Procedure.

4.3. For teachers hired during the academic year, the volume of the annual teaching load is determined by the number of full months remaining until the end of the academic year.

4.4. In the case when the academic load in the annual volume determined at the beginning of the academic year cannot be fulfilled by the teacher due to being on the annual main extended paid leave or on the annual additional paid leave, at training camps, on a business trip, due to temporary disability, a certain for him, the volume of the annual study load is subject to reduction by 1/10 part for each full month of absence from work and based on the number of missed working days for an incomplete month.

4.5. In the case of the actual performance by the teacher of educational (teaching) work on the day the certificate of incapacity for work is issued, on the day of departure on a business trip and the day of return # from a business trip, the study load is not reduced.

4.6. The average monthly wage is paid monthly, regardless of the amount of teaching load performed by teachers in each month of the academic year, as well as during the vacation period, which does not coincide with the annual main extended paid leave and the annual additional paid leave.

4.7. Teachers of organizations that carry out educational activities in educational programs of secondary vocational education, applying the norm of hours of study (teaching) work of 720 hours per year for a salary rate, for which, for reasons beyond their control, during the academic year, the study load decreases compared to the study load, established at the beginning of the academic year, or reduced on the grounds provided for in clause 4.4 of this Procedure, until the end of the academic year, as well as during the holidays that do not coincide with the annual main extended paid leave and annual additional paid leave, wages are paid in the amount established in the beginning of the school year.

V. Peculiarities of determining the teaching load of pedagogical workers who are on parental leave until they reach the age of three years, as well as persons replacing the positions of pedagogical workers for a certain period, part-time or performing other work along with the work determined by the employment contract

5.1. Determination of the teaching load of teachers, lecturers, teachers of additional education, senior teachers of additional education, trainers-teachers, senior trainers-teachers who are on parental leave until they reach the age of three years, is carried out in accordance with chapters I - IV of this Procedure, respectively , and is distributed for the specified period among other pedagogical workers.

5.2. Determination of the teaching load of teaching staff for a certain period is carried out to fulfill the teaching load for the period of replacement of temporarily absent teaching staff, as well as for the period of temporary filling of a vacant position before hiring a permanent employee.

5.3. Determining and changing the teaching load of persons filling the positions of part-time teachers, as well as by filling such positions along with the work determined by the employment contract (including the heads of organizations engaged in educational activities, their deputies, other employees along with their main work), is carried out in accordance with chapters I - IV and of this Procedure.

5.4. Determination of the teaching load for persons replacing the positions of teaching staff along with the work determined by the employment contract is carried out by concluding an additional agreement to the employment contract, which indicates the period during which the educational (teaching) work will be performed, its content, the volume of the teaching load and the size payment.

VI. Determination of the teaching load of teaching staff classified as faculty, and the grounds for its change

6.1. To determine the teaching load of teaching staff replacing the positions of the teaching staff (hereinafter referred to as teaching staff), annually at the beginning of the academic year for the structural divisions of the organization carrying out educational activities in educational programs of higher education, additional professional programs (hereinafter in this chapter - the organization) , taking into account the areas of training provided by them, the local normative act of the organization establishes the average volume of the teaching load, as well as its upper limits, differentiated by positions of the teaching staff.

6.2. The teaching load of each pedagogical worker is determined depending on the position he occupies, the level of qualification and cannot exceed the upper limits established for the positions of the teaching staff in the manner prescribed by paragraph 6.1 of this Procedure.

6.3. The teaching load of teaching staff includes the contact work of students with a teacher in the types of educational activities established by paragraph 54 of the Procedure for organizing and implementing educational activities in educational programs of higher education - undergraduate programs, specialist's programs, master's programs, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated December 19, 2013 N 1367 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on February 24, 2014, registration N 31402) (hereinafter referred to as the Procedure approved by Order N 1367), clause 7 of the Procedure for organizing and implementing educational activities for educational programs of higher education - residency programs , approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of November 19, 2013 N 1258 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on January 28, 2014, registration N 31136) (hereinafter - the Procedure, approved th order N 1258), paragraph 9 of the Procedure for the organization and implementation of educational activities in educational programs of higher education - programs for the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel in graduate school (adjuncture), approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of November 19, 2013 N 1259 (registered Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on January 28, 2014, registration N 31137) (hereinafter referred to as the Procedure approved by order N 1259), clause 17 of the Procedure for organizing and implementing educational activities for additional professional programs, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of July 1, 2013 N 499 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on August 20, 2013, registration N 29444), as amended by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of November 15, 2013 N 1244 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on January 14 2014, registration N 31014).

6.4. The time norms for the types of educational activities provided for in paragraph 6.3 of this Procedure, included in the teaching load of teaching staff, are independently determined by the organization and approved by its local regulatory act.

Norms of time for the types of educational activities included in the teaching load of teachers in the implementation of educational programs in the field of training in the interests of defense and security of the state, ensuring law and order in federal state organizations that are under the jurisdiction of federal state bodies specified in part 1 of article 81 Federal Law of December 29, 2012 "On Education in the Russian Federation", are established by the local regulatory act of the organization in agreement with the relevant federal state body.

An academic or astronomical hour is taken as a unit of time according to the established value of the credit unit used in the implementation of educational programs, in accordance with clause 28 of the Procedure approved by order N 1367, clause 17 of the Procedure approved by order N 1258, clause 18 of the Procedure approved by order N 1259.

6.5. The ratio of the teaching load of teaching staff, established for the academic year, and other activities provided for by official duties and (or) an individual plan (scientific, creative, research, methodological, preparatory, organizational, diagnostic, medical, expert, other, including those related to improvement of one’s professional level), within the established working hours, is determined by the local regulatory act of the organization, depending on the position of the employee.

VII. Establishment of the upper limit of the teaching load of teaching staff

7.1. Depending on the position held, the teaching load of teaching staff is limited by the upper limit in the following cases:

7.1.1. In organizations engaged in educational activities in educational programs of secondary vocational education, for teachers, the norm of hours of study (teaching) work for the salary rate of which is 720 hours per year, the upper limit of the teaching load is set in the amount not exceeding 1440 hours per academic year;

7.1.2. In organizations carrying out educational activities in educational programs of higher education, the upper limit of the teaching load, determined by the positions of the teaching staff in the manner prescribed by paragraph 6.1 of this Procedure, is set in an amount not exceeding 900 hours per academic year;

7.1.3. In organizations carrying out educational activities under additional professional programs, the upper limit of the teaching load, determined by the positions of the teaching staff in the manner prescribed by paragraph 6.1 of this Procedure, is set in an amount not exceeding 800 hours per academic year.

7.2. The volume of the teaching load when working part-time with the same and (or) another employer in the positions of the teaching staff should not exceed half of the upper limit of the teaching load, determined by the positions of the teaching staff in the manner provided for in clause 6.1 of this Procedure.

_____________________________

* Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2012, N 53, Art. 7598; 2013, N 19, art. 2326; No. 23, Art. 2878; No. 27, Art. 3462; No. 30, Art. 4036; No. 48, Art. 6165; 2014, N 6, Art. 562, Art. 566; No. 19, art. 2289; No. 22, art. 2769, No. 23, art. 2933; No. 26, Art. 3388; No. 30, Art. 4263; 2015, N 1, art. 42, Art. 53.

Help to understand the situation, the employer, represented by the director of an educational institution, due to a shortage of students, is forced to make a decision to reduce the teaching load in a number of disciplines. One of the employees (teacher) was asked to sign an addendum in connection with the decrease in the workload for the 2014-2015 academic year. agreement to labor. an agreement to reduce the tariff rate to 0.5. The employee signed this agreement. In the 2015-2016 academic year, the teaching load increased. Is the employer obliged in this case, due to the increase in the teaching load, to offer the employee to conclude an additional agreement on increasing the tariff rate to 1, given that the decrease was temporary, i.e. for the 2014-2015 academic year? When answering, I ask for references to normative acts.

Answer

Answer to the question:

The volume of the teaching load of a particular teacher should be fixed in his employment contract. A temporary or permanent change in the teaching load specified in the employment contract of a pedagogical worker is permissible only by agreement of the parties. This applies to both increasing and decreasing the teaching load.

Moreover, if the decrease in the load was temporary (which was recorded in an additional agreement with the employee), then at the end of the term of this agreement, the load becomes the same automatically. No additional documents are required. That is, if in addition the agreement directly established a certain period of its validity, then at the end of this period, the employer and employee must comply with the previous terms of the agreement.

If in addition If the term was not specified in the agreement, then it is unlimited, and the employer is not obliged to offer the employee an increase in his workload and remuneration, but if necessary, he can do this. With the consent of the employee, an additional an agreement to increase the workload and wages.

An educational organization cannot, on its own initiative, change in the current academic year the volume of the teaching load that is set at the beginning of the academic year. Also, the organization cannot unilaterally change the amount of workload established in the current academic year for the next academic year. However, in some cases, such a change on the part of the employer is permissible. For example, if it is necessary to reduce the teaching load of teachers of general educational organizations in connection with a decrease in the number of hours according to curricula and schedules, a reduction in the number of students, groups or classes.

In conclusion, we would like to draw your attention to the fact that, in accordance with the rules of expert support, experts prepare answers to user questions if these questions relate to the activities (personnel records and labor law) of the user himself, and not to third parties in whose interests the question is asked. If it is revealed that the question is asked in the interests of third parties, the expert has the right to refuse to answer the question.

Details in the materials of the System Personnel:

1. Answer: How to set the working hours for a teacher

Legislative regulation of working hours

What documents regulate the working hours of teachers

So, teachers-defectologists and teachers-speech therapists are set a 20-hour work week. The norm, equal to 18 hours a week, is determined for teachers of educational organizations that implement basic general education programs, including adapted ones (Annexes 1 to). The indicated rate of hours is defined in astronomical hours and short breaks (changes) between them, as well as a dynamic pause (notes to k).

During the working hours of teaching staff, depending on the position they hold, they include:

• educational (teaching) and educational work;
• individual work with students;
• scientific, creative and research activities;
• other types of pedagogical work provided for by official duties and (or) an individual plan;
• methodical, preparatory, organizational, diagnostic, monitoring work;
• the work provided for by the plans of educational, physical culture and health, sports, creative and other events held with students.

For teaching (pedagogical) work performed with the consent of pedagogical workers more or less than the established norm of hours for the wage rate, payment is made in proportion to the actually determined volume of pedagogical or teaching work.

This is provided for in paragraphs and notes to to.

How to set a teaching load for teachers

The volume of the teaching load of teaching staff is determined annually at the beginning of the academic year and is established by a local act of the educational organization. Such local acts, as well as changes to them, are accepted from the trade union or other representative body of employees.

The volume of the teaching load of a particular teacher should be fixed in his employment contract. A temporary or permanent change in the teaching load specified in the employment contract of a pedagogical worker is permissible only by agreement of the parties. This applies to both increasing and decreasing the teaching load.

An educational organization cannot, on its own initiative, change in the current academic year the volume of the teaching load that is set at the beginning of the academic year. Also, the organization cannot unilaterally change the amount of workload established in the current academic year for the next academic year. However, in some cases, such a change on the part of the employer is permissible. For example, if it is necessary to reduce the teaching load of teachers of general educational organizations in connection with a decrease in the number of hours according to curricula and schedules, a reduction in the number of students, groups or classes.

The employer must notify the teaching staff in writing of all cases of changes in the teaching load and their reasons at least two months in advance. Such notification is not required when changing the teaching load by mutual agreement of the parties.

Features of working hours

What are the features of the working hours of pedagogical workers

The amount of study load established for a teacher determines the normalized part of his working time. As a general rule, the number of hours of training load corresponds to the number of training sessions with a duration not exceeding 45 minutes.

The duration of training sessions and breaks (changes) between them is provided for by the charter or local act of the educational organization, taking into account the relevant sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations approved in the prescribed manner (for example, approved).

The performance of teaching work is regulated directly by the schedule of training sessions (Regulations, approved).

Another part of the pedagogical work, not specified by the number of hours, is regulated by schedules and work plans, including the personal plans of the teacher.

Days of the week or other periods of time during which the educational organization carries out its activities, free for teaching staff conducting teaching work, from conducting training sessions and performing other duties that are regulated by schedules and plans, teaching staff can use for advanced training, self-education, preparation for classes as the so-called methodological days, etc.

The vacation period or the time of cancellation of training sessions for sanitary-epidemiological and other reasons is working time for teachers.

The working time regime of pedagogical workers of educational organizations is determined taking into account the mode of activity of these organizations (round-the-clock stay of students (pupils), stay for a certain time, season, shifts of training sessions, etc.).

The mode of work of pedagogical workers is established by the Labor Regulations of the educational organization, work schedules and class schedules, a collective agreement, an employment contract in accordance with current legislation (, Regulations, approved).

Attention: the employee must be familiarized under signature with the Labor Regulations, the collective agreement, the class schedule, work schedules, duty and other regulatory documents regulating the regime of his working time and rest time ().

Alexander Zavgorodny,

Associate Professor, Candidate of Yu. in Economics, Associate Professor, Department of Labor Law, Faculty of Law, St. Petersburg State University

With respect and wishes for comfortable work, Svetlana Gorshneva,

Expert Systems Personnel

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