School uniform before the revolution. The history of school uniforms (26 photos)

By school uniform we mean the dress code for students during their stay at school. Now, as before, there are many arguments for and against wearing a school uniform . Let's take a look at how school uniforms have developed in Russia.

You can even name the exact date of the introduction of school uniforms in Russia. This happened in 1834. It was in this year that a law was adopted that approved a separate type of civilian uniforms. These included gymnasium and student uniforms. The costumes that were intended for the boys of that time were a kind of combination of military and civilian men's dress. The boys wore these costumes not only during classes, but also after them. Throughout the time, the style of the gymnasium and student uniforms changed only slightly.

At the same time, women's education began to develop. Therefore, a student uniform was also required for girls. In 1986, the first outfit for students appeared. It was a very strict and modest outfit. It looked something like this: a brown woolen dress below the knee. This modest dress was adorned with white collars and cuffs. From accessories - a black apron. Almost an exact copy of the school dress of the Soviet era.
Before the revolution, only children from wealthy families could receive education. And the school uniform was a kind of indicator of wealth and belonging to a respected estate.

With the coming to power of the Communists in 1918, the school uniform was abolished. It was considered bourgeois excess.

The school uniform becomes mandatory again only after the Great Patriotic War, a single school uniform is introduced in the USSR. From now on, boys were required to wear military tunics with a stand-up collar, and girls - brown woolen dresses with a black apron. It is worth noting that, in general, the school uniform for girls of the Stalin era was similar to the school uniform of Tsarist Russia.

It was then that white "holiday" aprons and sewn-on collars and cuffs appeared - over time, only the style changed somewhat, but not the general essence of the girls' uniform. On ordinary days, it was supposed to wear black or brown bows, with a white apron - white (even in such cases, white tights were welcome).

The boys were dressed in gray military tunics with a stand-up collar, five buttons, two welt pockets with flaps on the chest. An element of the school uniform was also a belt with a buckle and a cap with a leather visor, which the guys wore on the street. At the same time, symbolism became an attribute of young students: the pioneers had a red tie, the Komsomol members and the Octobrists had a badge on their chests.

1962 gymnasts were changed to gray wool suits with four buttons. Important accessories were a cap with a cockade and a belt with a badge. Hairstyles were strictly regulated - under the typewriter, as in the army. And the form of girls remained old.

In 1973 There was a new reform of the school uniform. There was a new uniform for boys: it was a blue wool blend suit, decorated with an emblem and five aluminum buttons, cuffs and the same two pockets with flaps on the chest.

For girls, nothing has changed again, and then mother needlewomen sewed black aprons from fine wool for their beauties, and white aprons from silk and cambric, decorating with lace.

Early 1980s uniform for high school students was introduced. (This uniform began to be worn from the eighth grade). Girls from first to seventh grade wore a brown dress, as in the previous period. Only it became slightly above the knees.
For boys, trousers and a jacket were replaced with a trouser suit. The fabric color was still blue. Also blue was the emblem on the sleeve. For girls, a blue three-piece suit was introduced in 1984, consisting of an A-line skirt with pleats at the front, a jacket with patch pockets and a vest. The skirt could be worn either with a jacket, or with a vest, or the whole suit at once. A mandatory addition to the school uniform, depending on the age of the student, was the October badge (in the elementary grades), pioneer (in the middle grades) or Komsomol (in the senior grades) badges. Pioneers were also required to wear a pioneer tie

And what about school uniforms abroad? School uniform in other countries differs from ours: somewhere it is more conservative, and somewhere it is very fashionable and unusual. For example, in Japan, schoolgirls flaunt in sailor suits, called "sailor fuku" there. Their form is the standard of teenage fashion for the whole world. Even outside the walls of the school, Japanese women wear what reminds them of their usual school uniform.

School uniforms are most common in England and its former colonies. This form is a reflection of the classic business style. Each reputable educational institution in England has its own logo. And this logo is applied to the school uniform. In its form, badges and emblems are made. It is applied to ties and hats.

In France, school uniforms were in use from 1927 to 1968.

In Poland, it was abolished in 1988.

But in Germany there was never a school uniform. Even during the reign of the Third Reich. Only members of the Hitler Youth wore special uniforms. Some German schools have introduced elements of a school uniform, but it is the children themselves who choose what uniform to wear.

IN THE USA each school decides for itself what kind of things students are allowed to wear. As a rule, tops that open the stomach, as well as low-sitting trousers, are prohibited in schools. Jeans, wide trousers with many pockets, t-shirts with graphics - that's what students in American schools prefer.

In most European countries also do not have a single form, everything is limited to a fairly strict style. In many countries of the world, the question of school uniform, like ours, remains open.

There is no consensus on the benefits or harms of compulsory uniform school clothes. The history of the creation of the school uniform and its development is contradictory, and does not answer the question: is it needed. But one thing is for sure, school clothes should remain only school clothes.

based on materials from the site http://www.svk-klassiki.ru

One of the signs of the decline of the Soviet era was the spontaneous refusal of students to wear school uniforms. In 1988, our class teacher refused to pose for a general graduation photo, because almost all the students came to shoot in loose clothes. A year ago, this would have been unthinkable!

Original taken from dubikvit in On the waves of our memory! Soviet school uniform

Today, September 1, let's remember our old school uniform, in which we went to school for a long time, and some not so much...

The Soviet school uniform, in fact, is an analogue of the gymnasium uniform of Tsarist Russia. She also consisted of a dress and an apron, white on holidays, and black on weekdays. For elementary school, the color of the dress was brown, for middle school students it was blue, and green for high school students. At the balls, older girls appeared in white dresses.
In 1920, it was customary for all high school girls to wear a brown dress and apron. Only rich people could afford such a uniform, so wearing this uniform was considered a bourgeois relic. There was even a contemptuous nickname "high school student".

A unified Soviet school uniform in our country was introduced in the era of Stalin. The USSR school uniform for boys was gray and consisted of trousers and a shirt, like a soldier's tunic. This was complemented by a wide belt with a massive buckle and a cap with a cockade.

The USSR school uniform for girls still consisted of a brown dress and an apron. The dress was brown, perhaps because this color matches the business environment, helps to concentrate, does not distract attention from study.

In the era of Stalin, strict morals reigned in our country. This also applies to school life. Even small experiments with the style or length of the dress were severely punished by the school administration. In addition, it was obligatory for girls to wear braids with bows. No haircuts were allowed.

In the 1960s, the Soviet school uniform for boys changed.

On September 1, 1962, first grade boys went to school in a gray wool blend suit - trousers and a single-breasted jacket with three black plastic buttons.

And in the seventies there were changes again

Now, for elementary school students, it began to consist of a jacket and trousers in dark blue. The trousers became narrower, and the jacket resembled a modern denim jacket in its style. Buttons were metal, white. They were made from aluminium. On the sleeve of the jacket was an emblem made of soft plastic with a drawn textbook and a rising sun.

In the early 1980s, a uniform for high school students was introduced. (This uniform began to be worn from the eighth grade). Girls from first to seventh grade wore a brown dress, as in the previous period. Only it became slightly above the knees.
For boys, trousers and a jacket were replaced with a trouser suit. The fabric color was still blue. Also blue was the emblem on the sleeve.

Very often the emblem was cut off, as it did not look very aesthetically pleasing, especially after some time - the paint on the plastic began to wear off.

The Soviet school uniform for high school students was of fairly good quality, but it was inexpensive. Men willingly bought it as clothes for work. Therefore, the USSR school uniform for high school students fell, in those days, into the category of shortage.

For girls, a blue three-piece suit was introduced in 1984, consisting of an A-line skirt with pleats at the front, a jacket with patch pockets and a vest. The skirt could be worn either with a jacket, or with a vest, or the whole suit at once. In 1988, Leningrad, regions of Siberia and the Far North were allowed to wear blue trousers in winter. Also, girls could wear a pioneer uniform, which consisted of a dark blue skirt, a white blouse with short or long sleeves and a pioneer tie.

A mandatory addition to the school uniform, depending on the age of the student, was the October badge (in the elementary grades), pioneer (in the middle grades) or Komsomol (in the senior grades) badges. Pioneers were also required to wear a pioneer tie.

In addition to the regular pioneer badge, there was a special variant for pioneers active in community service. It was slightly larger than usual and had the inscription "For active work" on it. And the badge of the senior pioneer, which was a regular pioneer badge against the background of a red banner.

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The history of school uniforms in Russia

There is a lot of talk about school uniforms these days. Somewhere they enter a mandatory form. Some people agree with this, some don't. Some believe that the standard form for all kills the emerging individuality; someone - that the form helps to "smooth out" the manifestation of class inequality. How many people, so many opinions. But in order to finally understand this issue, we advise you to read the history of school uniforms.

The history of school uniforms in Russia dates back to 1834, it was then that a law was passed that approved the general system of all civil uniforms of the empire. This system included gymnasium and student uniforms.

In 1896, a regulation on the gymnasium uniform for girls was introduced.

Girls studying at the gymnasium were required to wear dark formal dresses with pleated knee-length skirts.

A high school student's costume distinguished a teenager from those children who did not study, or could not afford to study. The uniform of the gymnasium students was a class sign, because only the children of the nobility, the intelligentsia and large industrialists studied in the gymnasiums. The uniform was worn not only in the gymnasium, but also on the street, at home, during celebrations and holidays. She was a point of pride.

Everything changed with the advent of Bolshevik power: a single school appeared, lyceums and real schools disappeared, and with them the form of students. In 1918, the Decree "On a unified school ..." abolished the uniform of students, recognizing it as a legacy of the tsarist-police regime.

But this rejection of the form had another, more understandable, background - poverty. Pupils went to school in what their parents could provide them, and the state at that moment actively fought against devastation, class enemies and remnants of the past.

Now “loose clothing” has become associated with bourgeois unbridledness, and it was decided to declare all the daring experimenters of the 1920s “pests” and “enemies of the people.”

The boys were dressed in gray paramilitary tunics, and the girls were dressed in dark brown woolen dresses with a black apron (white on holidays). An element of the school uniform was also a belt with a buckle and a cap with a visor, which the children wore on the street. At the same time, symbolism became an attribute of young students: the pioneers had a red tie, the Komsomol members and the Octobrists had a badge on their chests.
In 1962, the boys were dressed in gray wool suits with four buttons, while the girls' uniform remained the same.
In 1973, a new school uniform reform took place. There was a new uniform for boys: it was a blue wool blend suit, decorated with an emblem and five aluminum buttons, cuffs and the same two pockets with flaps on the chest.

The "warming" of the regime did not immediately affect the democratization of school uniforms, however, it did happen.
The cut of the uniform became more similar to the fashion trends that took place in the 1960s. True, only the boys were lucky. Since the mid-1970s, their gray woolen trousers and jackets have been replaced with blue wool blend uniforms. The cut of the jackets resembled classic denim jackets (the so-called “denim fashion” was gaining momentum in the world).
On the side of the sleeve was an emblem made of soft plastic with a drawn open textbook and a rising sun.

1980s: Perestroika in action

Very often the emblem was cut off, as it did not look very aesthetically pleasing, especially after some time - the paint on the plastic began to wear off.
For girls, a blue three-piece suit was introduced in 1984, consisting of an A-line skirt with pleats at the front, a jacket with patch pockets and a vest. The skirt could be worn either with a jacket, or with a vest, or the whole suit at once. In 1988, Leningrad, regions of Siberia and the Far North were allowed to wear blue trousers in winter.

In some union republics, the style of the school uniform was slightly different, as well as the color. So, in Ukraine, the school uniform was brown, although blue was not forbidden.
It was this uniform for girls that contributed to the fact that they began to realize their attractiveness early. A pleated skirt, a vest and, most importantly, blouses with which one could experiment, turned almost any schoolgirl into a “young lady”.

In 1985-1987, high school girls could change their dress and apron for a blue skirt, shirt, vest, and jacket. But already in 1988, some schools, as an experiment, were allowed to abandon the mandatory wearing of school uniforms. In 1992, the school uniform was abolished in the schools of the Russian Federation as a sign that democracy had completely won in the country. The ban has been lifted, you can walk in anything, as long as the clothes are clean and tidy.

However, it turned out that this approach also has its drawbacks. Adolescents spend most of their time within the walls of the school, and they do not care what they wear in front of their classmates. Parents have a new headache, the demands of children to buy a new outfit have increased, and not just any, but in accordance with fashion trends. Again, going to school all week in the same outfit has become indecent. So the financial costs of the school have increased rather than decreased. When dressing up for school, children are not always guided by a sense of proportion, they dress “in whatever they like”, which sometimes, to put it mildly, does not look very aesthetically pleasing.
And since 1999, the opposite trend has been established: the school uniform is being introduced again, only today this concept means the business style of clothing for students - elegant, comfortable, practical.

Today, the issue of wearing a school uniform is decided at the level of educational institutions, leaders and parents. There are no official documents, orders, instructions regarding the obligatory nature of the school uniform.

However, more and more educational institutions are turning to past experience and introducing school uniforms as a mandatory attribute of school life.

This trend is especially strong among schools with better or more advanced curricula, lyceums and gymnasiums. And this is understandable, because it is no secret that the school uniform disciplines children, helps to erase the difference in the financial situation of parents, and thus avoid the harmful influence of the consumer way of thinking on teenagers.

How many disputes and different opinions now we have. Some believe that a school uniform is necessary. Others are of the opinion that it harms the harmonious development of the individual. There are people who believe that the school uniform is an invention of the Soviet leadership.

School uniforms in Russia have a rich history. Until 1917, only the children of wealthy parents, who could afford their children to attend gymnasiums, wore uniforms. It was an exclusively class sign. The boys had a military style uniform, and the girls wore dark strict dresses. Gymnasium students were supposed to wear uniforms not only within the walls of the educational institution, but also on the street, at home, during various celebrations.

The exact date of the introduction of school uniforms in Russia is 1834. It was in this year that a law was adopted that approved a separate type of civilian uniforms. These included gymnasium and student uniforms.

The introduction of uniforms for students of educational institutions of Tsarist Russia is primarily due to the fact that these institutions were state-owned. In those days, all civil servants had to wear uniforms corresponding to their rank and rank, according to the Table of Ranks. So, all teachers in state educational institutions (gymnasiums) wore uniform frock coats. Proceeding from this, the introduction of uniforms for students was also natural.

The caps were usually light blue with three white edgings, and with a black visor, and a crumpled cap with a broken visor was considered a special chic among the boys. In summer, a kolomyanka cover was put on the top of the cap. In winter, in the cold, they put on headphones made of black felt on a brown bike inside. In addition, in cold weather they wore a natural camel hair hood, trimmed with gray braid.

Usually, students wore a blue cloth tunic with silver bulging buttons, belted with a black lacquered belt with a silver buckle and black trousers without piping. There was also an exit uniform: a dark blue or dark gray single-breasted uniform with a collar trimmed with silver galloon. A schoolbag was an invariable attribute of high school students.

Senior students usually went not in tunics, but in jackets with a standing collar, like a sea tunic. In some gymnasiums, tunics and jackets were adopted not blue, but gray, while trousers were always black.

Gymnasium students also had an exit uniform - a uniform, dark blue or dark gray, single-breasted, with a collar trimmed with silver galloon. This uniform was worn both with a belt and without a belt (outside of school). A starched collar was worn to the uniform. The overcoat was of the officer type, light gray, double-breasted, with silver buttons, blue buttonholes, in the color of the cap, with white piping and buttons. The overcoats were cold and wadded, with a quilted gray lining. Instead of a scarf, they wore a black cloth bib, like sailors. Pupils of elementary grades were allowed a black astrakhan collar in winter.

According to unwritten rules, a high school student on the street was supposed to hide the number of the gymnasium where he studied, so that a high school student who committed a misdemeanor could remain unidentified. The number had to be broken off the cap, and the schoolboy who did not do this was severely persecuted by his comrades. For the same purpose, it turned over, the belt badge was hidden.

Until 1917, the style of the uniform changed several times (1855, 1868, 1896 and 1913) - according to fashion trends. But all this time, the uniform of the boys fluctuated on the verge of a civilian-military suit.

The regulation on the gymnasium uniform for girls was approved in 1896. To attend the gymnasium, they had three types of clothing provided by the charter. First, the "mandatory uniform for daily attendance", which consisted of a brown woolen dress and a black woolen apron. The charter required "to keep the dress clean, tidy, not wear it at home, smooth it daily and monitor the cleanliness of the white collar." The dress uniform consisted of the same dress, a white apron and an elegant lace collar.

In dress uniform, gymnasium students attended the theater, the Yeleninskaya Church on holidays, they went to Christmas and New Year's evenings in it. Also, "no one was forbidden to have a separate dress of any model and cut, if the parents' means allowed such a luxury."

Pupils of the Smolny Institute had to wear dresses, colors that corresponded to a certain age. Girls from 6 to 9 wore brown dresses, from 9 to 12 blue, from 12 to 15 gray and from 15 to 18 - white.
The dresses were closed ("deaf"), one-color, of the simplest cut.

After the October Revolution, the uniform was abolished, as well as the gymnasium. The children of peasants, workers, employees studied in the newly organized educational institutions, and since there was famine and devastation in the country where the civil war was going on, the main thing was to feed the children and teach them to read and write. Therefore, no attention was paid to the school uniform and the children walked in everyday clothes.

From the memoirs of a 1909 graduate of gymnasium No. 36, Valentina Savitskaya: “The old uniform was considered a symbol of belonging to the upper classes (there was even a contemptuous nickname for a sentimental girl - “gymnasium student”). There was another, more understandable reason for this rejection of the uniform - poverty. Pupils went to school in what their parents could provide them.

However, over time, when the era of experiments gave way to other realities, it was decided to return to the former image - to brown strict dresses, aprons, student jackets and turn-down collars. It happened in 1948, during the period of general “uniforms”, when department after department dressed in uniform. The school uniform of the 1948 model actually copied the style of the uniform of classical gymnasiums - both in color, and in cut, and in accessories.

Even the hairstyle had to meet the requirements of puritan morality - "model haircuts" were strictly prohibited until the end of the 1950s, not to mention hair coloring. Girls always wore braids with bows. The school uniform of the era of I.V. Stalin can be seen in the films “First Grader”, “Alyosha Ptitsyn develops character”, and “Vasek Trubachev and his comrades”.

This form survived until the end of the 1962 school year. On September 1, 1962, first grade boys went to school in a new uniform - without caps with a cockade, without waist belts with a massive buckle, without tunics. The uniform for girls has not changed much.

In 1973, a new school uniform reform took place. There was a new uniform for boys: it was a blue wool blend suit, decorated with an emblem and five aluminum buttons, cuffs and the same two pockets with flaps on the chest.

For girls, nothing has changed again, and then mother needlewomen sewed black aprons from fine wool for their beauties, and white aprons from silk and cambric, decorating with lace.

In the 1980s, when school uniform control became less strict, some schoolchildren replaced the standard emblems with army sleeve patches.

For girls, a blue three-piece suit was introduced in 1984, consisting of an A-line skirt with pleats at the front, a jacket with patch pockets (without a sleeve emblem) and a vest. The skirt could be worn either with a jacket, or with a vest, or the whole suit at once. In 1988, Leningrad, regions of Siberia and the Far North were allowed to wear blue trousers in winter.

Long gone are the days when schoolgirls ran around in black dresses with white cuffs, white or black aprons, and the boys wore school uniforms in the popular navy blue.

Many people ask the question: “Who invented this school uniform?” And it was Peter the Great. And at the Institute for Noble Maidens, which was created by Catherine II, their own form was adopted: on everyday days, green dresses with a white cape and an apron, and on holidays - white dresses with crimson belts and an apron.

The school uniform appeared in 1834. Then a law was adopted, approving the general system of all civilian uniforms in the Russian Empire. But then the form was introduced only for boys. 1896 - the regulation on the gymnasium uniform for girls was approved. Since then, it has been repeatedly changed, canceled and reintroduced.

Until 1917, the school uniform (the uniform of gymnasium students) was a class sign, because. only children of wealthy parents studied at the gymnasium. The uniform was worn not only in the gymnasium, but also on the street, at home, during celebrations and holidays. She was a point of pride. Boys then were supposed to wear military-style uniforms, and girls were supposed to wear darker formal dresses with pleated knee-length skirts.

In 1918, the Decree "On a Unified School ..." abolished school clothes for students, recognizing it as a legacy of the tsarist-police regime. In 1949, a unified school uniform was introduced in the USSR. The boys were dressed in military tunics with a stand-up collar, the girls in brown woolen dresses with a black apron. In 1962 the boys were dressed in gray wool suits with black buttons. In 1973, a new uniform for boys appeared. It was a blue wool blend suit, embellished with an emblem and aluminum buttons. In 1976, clothes for school and for girls were updated - skirts and a jacket made of blue wool blend fabric. Already in 1988, some schools were allowed to experiment with the obligatory wearing of school uniforms.

1992 was the year of the abolition of the form in the schools of the Russian Federation. Since 1999, individual subjects of the Russian Federation have been adopting local regulations on the introduction of compulsory school uniforms.

Many parents believe that the traditional form disciplines children, teaches them to order. And children, on the contrary, believe that everyone in the class is similar to each other like twins and have a negative attitude towards school uniforms.

The widespread introduction of school uniforms for students in Russian schools was proposed by Vladimir Putin on March 29, 2013 at a conference of the All-Russian Popular Front. At the same time, State Duma deputy Andrei Bocharov proposed to sew school uniforms exclusively at Russian enterprises and from Russian fabrics in order to support the domestic manufacturer.

At SkyLake, the best designers and fashion designers work on the creation of school uniforms, who strive to take into account all the features and nuances of school life, the habits and restless nature of the majority of students. We create school clothes for boys and girls, such as school vests for girls, which are perfect for children in terms of age and lifestyle.

For school uniforms, suits, blouses for girls and shirts, only high quality natural fabrics are selected - tweed, cotton, gabardine. Thanks to this, children's clothing from SkyLake is not only pleasant and comfortable, but also looks modern and beautiful, should not restrict movement, and easily fit any other clothing. But, at the same time, it should be stylish and meet all modern trends.

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