Fairy tales have a strict and harmonious composition. It mainly rests on the unity of the idea that permeates the entire story. At the same time, the plot can become very complex, include many side moves, but all the actions in the fairy tale are based on the protagonist's striving for the goal. Very often, when the hero is close to the goal, the story suddenly takes a turn for failure, a new cycle of adventure and search begins. The fairy tale is invariably resolved with a favorable outcome for the positive hero.
The best fairy tales are characterized by the traditional formulas of saying, beginning, narration and ending. Sometimes a fairy tale begins with a saying that is not connected with the plot of the fairy tale. The purpose of the saying is to show the skill of the storyteller, to prepare the audience for listening to the tale. A saying is an optional part of a fairy tale, it can be short: “It was on the sea, on an okiya, on Buyan Island, in the middle of the water where trees grew,” or expanded: “The fairy tale begins from Sivka, from Burka, from the things of the kaurka. On the sea, on the ocean, on the island of Buyan, there is a baked goby, crushed onion near it; three young men walked, went in and had breakfast, and then they go - they boast, they amuse themselves. This is a saying, a fairy tale will be ahead!
The saying is followed by a fabulous beginning, which, with its uncertainty, removes the question of the reliability of events. Zachin indicates a fantastic place (“In a certain kingdom, in a certain state”), a fantastic time (“Under Tsar Peas”) and names the heroes (“Once upon a time there was a king and he had three sons”). After the beginning, the main narrative part of the tale follows. The narration is conducted with the help of numerous artistic techniques, one of them is fairy tale formulas or commonplaces: “soon the fairy tale is told, but the deed is not done soon”, “the morning is wiser than the evening”, “such beauty that it is impossible to say in a fairy tale, not to describe with a pen” etc. The structure of the tale is subordinated to the creation of dramatic tense situations, which emphasizes the repetition of events. Most often, the event is repeated three times - the trinity of the action, perhaps a three-fold repetition of the episode with an increase in the effect, this technique gives the tale a characteristic epic, slowness in the development of the action. There are many repetitions in the story.
Fairy tales are sometimes very large in volume, which is facilitated by the use of the “piling up of homogeneous actions” technique. In the fairy tale "Marya Morevna" this technique is used repeatedly, as if several plots are connected in it. The ideological orientation of the fairy tale also determined the contrasting depiction of the hero's virtues and the vices of his enemies, therefore contrast is one of the main artistic devices in the fairy tale. Psychological characteristics are elementary, some are always positive, others are negative. There are few actors, only those who take an active part in the action. The characters of the heroes do not change, they are manifested not in reasoning, but in action, in deeds. The fairy tale does not stop at the direct idealization of the hero and heroine.
The fairy tale plot is characterized by the technique of "reflected action", based on the fact that if the hero at the beginning of the fairy tale generously helps someone, then later he is paid in kind ("The Magic Ring", "By the Pike's Command"). In fairy tales, there is also the technique of “stepwise narrowing of the image” (for example, a description of the place where Koshchei’s death is hidden - from the description of the island where the oak grows ... to the tip of the needle). In dramatically tense places, the tale resorts to the repetition of description, to rhymed parallelism (“the horse runs, the earth trembles”, “drives it with a pestle, sweeps it with a broom”). The tale makes extensive use of retardation, a slowdown in the development of the action, which is facilitated by the use of repetitions, the trinity of the action, as well as a dramatic and lively dialogue that is repeated without changes throughout the narrative.
The fairy tale usually ends with an ending, which, like a saying, is often playful, rhythmic, rhyming: “I was there too, drinking honey-wine, flowing down my lips, it didn’t get into my mouth”, “here is a fairy tale, but I have a bunch of bagels”. The purpose of the ending is to return the listener from the fairy-tale world to the real one. Sayings, beginnings and endings have a fairly stable text and are a kind of formula.
The language of a fairy tale is close to colloquial speech, it uses, as in all folklore works, constant epithets (the blue sea, the dense forest), tautological combinations (wonderful, wonderful, miraculous), fused synonyms (path-path, sadness- yearning). The text of the tale is full of proverbs, sayings, riddles.
Beyond distant lands, in a distant state, there lived a king with a queen; they had no children. The king went to foreign lands, to distant lands, he did not go home for a long time; at that time the queen bore him a son, Ivan Tsarevich, but the king does not know about it.
He began to keep his way to his state, began to drive up to his land, and the day was hot, hot, the sun was hot! And a great thirst fell upon him: whatever to give, if only to drink water! He looked around and saw - not far away a large lake; rode up to the lake, got off the horse, lay down on the ground and let's swallow the icy water. Drinks and does not smell trouble; and the king of the sea seized him by the beard.
- Let go! the king asks.
“I won’t let you in, don’t you dare drink without my knowledge!”
- Whatever you want, take a ransom - just let it go!
- Let's do something you don't know at home.
The king thought and thought ... What does he not know at home? It seems that he knows everything, everything is known to him, - and he agreed. I tried - no one keeps a beard; got up from the ground, got on his horse and rode home.
Here he comes home, the queen meets him with the prince, so joyful; and as soon as he found out about his dear offspring, he burst into bitter tears. He told the queen how and what had happened to him, they cried together, but there was nothing to do, tears couldn’t improve things.
They began to live in the old way; and the prince grows and grows for himself, like dough on a dough - not by the day, but by the hour, - and he grew big.
“No matter how much you keep with you,” the tsar thinks, “but you have to give it back: it’s inevitable!” He took Ivan Tsarevich by the hand and led him straight to the lake.
“Look here,” he says, “my ring; I accidentally dropped it yesterday.
He left one prince, and he turned home.
The prince began to look for a ring, he was walking along the shore, and an old woman came across him.
Where are you going, Ivan Tsarevich?
“Get off, don’t bother, old witch!” And it's boring without you.
- Well, stay with God!
And the old woman went to the side.
And Ivan Tsarevich thought about it: “Why did I scold the old woman? Let me turn her back; old people are cunning and quick-witted! Perhaps he will say something good. ” And he began to turn the old woman:
- Come back, grandmother, forgive my stupid word! After all, I said out of annoyance: my father made me look for a ring, I go and look, but there is no ring!
- You are not here for a ring: your father gave you to the sea king; the sea king will come out and take you with him to the underwater kingdom.
The prince wept bitterly.
- Do not grieve, Ivan Tsarevich! There will be a holiday on your street; just listen to me, old woman. Hide behind that currant bush and hide quietly. Twelve doves will fly here - all red maidens, and after them the thirteenth; will bathe in the lake; meanwhile, take away the shirt from the last one and still don’t give it back until she gives you her little ring. If you fail to do this, you are lost forever; near the sea king, all around the palace, there is a high palisade, for as much as ten versts, and on each spoke a head is stuck; only one empty, do not please get on it!
Ivan Tsarevich thanked the old woman, hid behind a currant bush and waited for the time.
Suddenly twelve pigeons fly in; hit the damp earth and turned into red maidens, all to a single beauty indescribable: neither think, nor guess, nor write with a pen! They threw off their dresses and set off into the lake: they play, splash, laugh, sing songs.
They were followed by the thirteenth dove; hit the damp ground, turned into a beautiful girl, threw off her white shirt and went to bathe; and she was prettier than all, prettier than all!
For a long time Ivan Tsarevich could not take his eyes away, he looked at her for a long time and remembered what the old woman had told him, crept quietly and took away the shirt.
A red-haired girl came out of the water, missed - there was no shirt, someone took it away; Everyone rushed to look: they searched, searched - not to be seen anywhere.
- Do not look, dear sisters! Fly home; I myself am to blame - I overlooked it, I myself will answer.
The sisters-red maidens hit the damp ground, became doves, flapped their wings and flew away. Only one girl remained, looked around and said:
“Whoever it is, who has my shirt, come out here; if you are an old man, you will be my dear father, if you are middle-aged, you will be my beloved brother, if you are equal to me, you will be a dear friend!
As soon as she had said the last word, Ivan Tsarevich appeared. She gave him a golden ring and said:
“Ah, Ivan Tsarevich! Why haven't you come for a long time? The sea king is angry with you. Here is the road that leads to the underwater kingdom; step on it boldly! There you will find me; because I am the daughter of the sea king, Vasilisa the Wise.
Vasilisa the Wise turned into a dove and flew away from the prince.
And Ivan Tsarevich went to the underwater kingdom; sees - and there the light is the same as ours; and there are fields and meadows, and green groves, and the sun is warm.
He comes to the sea king. The sea king shouted at him:
- Why haven't you been here for so long? For your guilt, here is your service: I have a wasteland thirty miles long and across - only ditches, gullies and sharp stones! So that by tomorrow it would be smooth as a palm there, and the rye would be sown, and by early morning it would grow so high that a jackdaw could be buried in it. If you don't, your head is off your shoulders!
Ivan Tsarevich comes from the sea king, he is shedding tears. Vasilisa the Wise saw him through the window from her towering tower and asked:
- Hello, Ivan Tsarevich! Why are you shedding tears?
How can I not cry? the prince answers. - The king of the sea made me level ditches, gullies and sharp stones in one night and sow rye, so that by morning it would grow and a jackdaw could hide in it.
- It's not a problem, the trouble is ahead. Go to sleep with God; the morning is wiser than the evening, everything will be ready!
Ivan Tsarevich went to bed, and Vasilisa the Wise went out onto the porch and shouted in a loud voice:
- Hey you, my faithful servants! Level deep ditches, demolish sharp stones, sow spiked rye, so that it will ripen by morning.
Ivan Tsarevich woke up at dawn, looked - everything is ready: there are no ditches, no gullies, there is a field as smooth as a palm, and rye flaunts on it - so high that a jackdaw will be buried.
I went to the sea king with a report.
“Thank you,” says the sea king, “that you managed to serve. Here's another job for you: I have three hundred stacks, in each stack there are three hundred kopecks - all white wheat; thresh for me by tomorrow all the wheat, clean and clean, to a single grain, but do not break the stacks and do not break the sheaves. If you don't, your head is off your shoulders!
“Listen, Your Majesty! - said Ivan Tsarevich; again she walks around the yard and sheds tears.
- What are you crying about? Vasilisa the Wise asks him.
How can I not cry? The king of the sea ordered me to thresh all the stacks in one night, not to drop the grains, but not to break the stacks and not to break the sheaves.
- It's not a problem, the trouble is ahead! Go to bed with God; The morning is wiser than the evening.
The prince went to bed, and Vasilisa the Wise went out onto the porch and shouted in a loud voice:
- Hey you, creeping ants! No matter how many of you there are in the whole wide world - all crawl here and pick the grain from the father's stacks clean and clean.
In the morning, the sea king calls Ivan Tsarevich:
Did he serve?
“Served, your majesty!”
- Let's go see.
They came to the threshing floor - all the stacks are untouched, they came to the granary - all the bins are full of grain.
- Thank you, brother! the sea king said. “Make me another church of pure wax so that it will be ready by dawn: this will be your last service.”
Again Tsarevich Ivan walks around the yard and washes himself with tears.
- What are you crying about? Vasilisa the Wise asks him from the high tower.
- How can I not cry, good fellow? The sea king ordered to make a church out of pure wax in one night.
- Well, it's not a problem yet, the trouble is ahead. Go to sleep; The morning is wiser than the evening.
The prince went to bed, and Vasilisa the Wise went out onto the porch and shouted in a loud voice:
- Hey you, hard-working bees! No matter how many of you there are in the world, all fly here and mold the church of God from pure wax, so that it will be ready by morning.
In the morning, Ivan Tsarevich got up, looked - there was a church made of pure wax, and went to the sea king with a report.
Thank you, Ivan Tsarevich! What servants I did not have, no one managed to please like you. Be then my heir, saver of the whole kingdom; choose any of my thirteen daughters for your wife.
Ivan Tsarevich chose Vasilisa the Wise; they were immediately married and feasted with joy for three whole days.
Neither more nor less time passed, Ivan Tsarevich yearned for his parents, he wanted to go to Holy Russia.
“Why are you so sad, Ivan Tsarevich?
- Ah, Vasilisa the Wise, I felt sad for my father, for my mother, I wanted to go to Holy Russia.
- Here comes the trouble! If we leave, there will be a great chase after us; the sea king will be angry and put us to death. Gotta be smart!
Vasilisa the Wise spat in three corners, locked the doors in her chamber and ran with Ivan Tsarevich to Holy Russia.
On the next day, early sent from the sea king come - to raise the young, to call to the palace to the king. Knocking on the door:
- Wake up, wake up! Your father is calling you.
“It’s still early, we didn’t get enough sleep: come after!” one saliva answers.
So the messengers left, waited an hour or two, and knocked again:
"It's not time to sleep, it's time to get up!"
"Wait a little, let's get up and get dressed!" replies another saliva.
The third time the messengers come:
“The Tsar-de-Marine is angry why they are taking so long to cool off.
- Let's go now! - answers the third saliva.
The messengers waited and waited, and let's knock again: no response, no response! They broke down the door, but the tower is empty.
They reported to the king that the young had run away; he became angry and sent a great chase after them.
And Vasilisa the Wise and Ivan Tsarevich are already far, far away! They ride greyhound horses without stopping, without rest.
- Well, Ivan Tsarevich, lie down on the damp earth and listen, is there a chase from the sea king?
Ivan Tsarevich jumped off his horse, put his ear to the damp earth and said:
- They're after us! - said Vasilisa the Wise, and immediately turned the horses into a green meadow, Ivan Tsarevich into an old shepherd, and she herself became a meek sheep.
The chase is on:
- Hey, old man! Didn't you see, didn't a good fellow with a red maiden gallop here?
"No, good people, I haven't seen it," replies Ivan Tsarevich. - For forty years, as I graze in this place, - not a single bird flew past, not a single beast roamed past!
The chase is back:
"Your Royal Majesty!" They did not catch up with anyone on the way, they only saw: a shepherd grazes a sheep.
- What did you miss? After all, they were! - shouted the sea king and sent a new pursuit.
And Ivan Tsarevich and Vasilisa the Wise have been riding greyhound horses for a long time.
- Well, Ivan Tsarevich, lie down on the damp earth and listen, is there a chase from the sea king?
Ivan Tsarevich got off his horse, put his ear to the damp earth and said:
- I hear people's talk and a horse top!
- They're after us! - said Vasilisa the Wise; she herself became a church, she turned Ivan Tsarevich into an old priest, and the horses into trees.
The chase is on:
— Hey, father! Did you not see if a shepherd with a sheep passed by here?
- No, good people, I haven’t seen it; I have been working in this church for forty years - not a single bird has flown by, not a single animal has roamed past.
Turned the chase back:
"Your Royal Majesty!" Nowhere did they find a shepherd with a sheep; only on the way and saw that the church and the priest-old man.
- Why didn't you break the church, didn't capture the priest? After all, they were the ones! - shouted the king of the sea and he himself galloped in pursuit of Ivan Tsarevich and Vasilisa the Wise.
And they have gone far.
Vasilisa the Wise again says:
- Ivan Tsarevich! Lie down on the damp earth - do not hear the chase!
Ivan Tsarevich got down from his horse, put his ear to the damp earth and said:
- I hear people's talk and a horse top more than ever!
- It's the king himself jumping!
Vasilisa the Wise turned the horses into a lake, Ivan Tsarevich into a drake, and she herself became a duck.
The king of the sea galloped to the lake, immediately guessed who the duck and drake were; hit the ground and turned into an eagle. The eagle wants to kill them to death, but it didn’t happen: whatever doesn’t fly from above ... the drake is about to hit, and the drake dives into the water; the duck is about to hit, and the duck will dive into the water! He fought and fought and couldn't do anything. The king of the sea galloped to his underwater kingdom, and Vasilisa the Wise and Ivan Tsarevich waited a good time and went to holy Russia.
How long, how short, they arrived in the thirtieth kingdom.
“Wait for me in this forest,” Ivan Tsarevich says to Vasilisa the Wise, “I will go and report to my father and mother in advance.
- You will forget me, Ivan Tsarevich!
- No, I won't forget.
- No, Ivan Tsarevich, don't say, you'll forget! Remember me even when two doves start beating at the windows!
Ivan Tsarevich came to the palace; his parents saw him, threw themselves on his neck and began to kiss and pardon him; in joy, Ivan Tsarevich forgot about Vasilisa the Wise.
He lives a day and another with his father, with his mother, and on the third he decided to marry some princess.
Vasilisa the Wise went to the city and hired herself as a worker for a prosvirna. They began to cook prosvira; she took two pieces of dough, molded a pair of doves and put them in the oven.
“Guess, mistress, what will become of these doves?”
— And what will happen? Let's eat them - that's all!
Goals:
Equipment
During the classes
I. Organizational moment.
storyteller
What's this?
(First suggestion.)
Work in pairs.
| Features of a fairy tale |
|||
| Heroes | magical assistants | magical numbers |
|
| positive | negative |
||
| sea king | |||
(Children's answers.)
(Reading episodes of a fairy tale.)
(Building a church.)
? ? (3 ? 3), 3 ?
(Children's answers.)
Physical education minute
V. Summary of the lesson.
(Children's answers.)
Homework:
Goals: consider the characteristic features of a fairy tale, restore in the memory of children the knowledge that an ancient person imagined the world as a coexistence of opposites: one's own - someone else's, on the basis of which to highlight the features of a fairy tale.
Equipment : illustrations of students, an exhibition of books, the image of a storyteller.
During the classes
I. Organizational moment.
An owl flew - a cheerful head; here she flew, flew, and sat down, turned her head, looked around, took off and flew again; she flew, flew, and sat down, turned her head, looked around, and her eyes, like bowls, did not see a crumb!
This is not a fairy tale, this is a saying, but a fairy tale ahead!
II. Updating of basic knowledge.
storyteller . “Over the forests, over the mountains, over the wide seas...”, “Once upon a time there was an old man and an old woman...”, “In a certain kingdom, in a certain state...”, “There was an old man, and he had three sons ”, “Once upon a time, when giants walked on earth, people understood animal and bird language ...”
What's this? (This is the beginning, this is how fairy tales begin.)
Read the beginning of the fairy tale "The Sea King and Vasilisa the Wise." (First suggestion.)
Work in pairs.
And then miracles happen. Now you are “going” to the creative laboratory for creating a fairy tale.
Each pair receives a part of the scheme ("mind map") "Features of a Fairy Tale". The result of the work is a collectively filled table.
| Features of a fairy tale |
|||
| Heroes | magical assistants | magical numbers |
|
| positive | negative |
||
| Ivan Tsarevich, Vasilisa the Wise |
sea king | The old woman, Vasilisa the Wise herself, "servants" - ants and bees |
13 daughters of the Sea Tsar, 3 tasks for Ivan Tsarevich, the wedding feasted for 3 days |
Where does the story take place? (Children's answers.)
III. Announcement of the topic and purpose of the lesson.
Our creative laboratory receives a task - to find the features of an alien world and the historical facts of a specific time in our world.
IV. Learning new material.
1. Selective reading and conversation on textbook questions.
Read the description of the "alien" underwater world. (Reading episodes of a fairy tale.)
The hero of the fairy tale enters the magical world and immediately receives difficult tasks that cannot be handled by human forces. Read what tasks Ivan Tsarevich had to complete.
Which of the three tasks could not have appeared when people worshiped only Nature and her spirits? (Building a church.)
Analyze the magic of numbers. ( The magic of the magical world is supported by magical numbers. The Sea King has 13 daughters (for the earthly dimension, the number 12 (3 ? four); where 3 is the designation of the magical world, and 4 is the earthly one; thus, their work would denote the complete harmony of the earthly and magical worlds. Since the main number of the magical world is the number 3 (therefore, 3 tasks were offered to Ivan, therefore they feasted at the wedding for 3 days), then all its derivatives are magical numbers. So, the wasteland - at the Sea Tsar "for 30 miles", he has "300 stacks", "300 kopecks". This is a magic number in the designation of the kingdom from which Ivan Tsarevich himself comes from: this is “a faraway kingdom, a faraway state” 3 ? (3 ? 3), 3 ? 10 - there was an increase in magical power.
Which world is characterized by the motives of the road and subsequent trials of the hero, as well as the motive of transformations? (The motive of turning a person into an animal or a bird is the motive of a fairy tale, here the daughters of the Sea King turn into doves and again into people. The motive of the transformation of heroes: into a shepherd and a sheep, into a duck and a drake; the transformation of the Sea King into a hawk; prosvirok into living birds - bears traces of ancient origin, when a person believed in his organic connection with the animal world, considered himself descended from totems, considered it possible to return to his former animal, bird or plant quality.In ancient times, man considered many animals and birds, as well as some trees and plants with their totems, i.e. progenitors.)
On the one hand, the tasks of the Sea King are real magical tasks: as always, there are exactly three of them, and not a single person is able to complete them. But, on the other hand, the very content of these tasks reveals their connection with reality. The first two tasks are related to specific agricultural work. Third, build a church.)
In what images are good, and in what - evil forces embodied? (Children's answers.)
2. Ancient ideas of people about the world.
Read and explain the episode with talking saliva in terms of ancient ideas about the world. (The oldest idea of the indistinguishability of the part and the whole found expression in a fragment about saliva. The saliva (part) represents Vasilisa the Wise (the whole) herself. Each saliva can once speak for Vasilisa (because it lived before that in the mouth, next to her voice). Remember the superstition associated with spitting three times over the left shoulder “so as not to jinx it”): this is a sacrifice hastily brought to magical powers in the form of saliva, that is, pieces of oneself - it is brought precisely from the left side, because the magical world is on the left, they spit 3 times, since this is the number of the magical world; they knock on wood in order for the victim to be accepted - after all, the knock spreads along the trunk to the Upper and Lower magical worlds.)
Physical education minute
What do you think is the most important event in this story? Explain.
3. Dividing a fairy tale into parts. Heading.
What semantic parts can you highlight in this text? Title them. (The following semantic parts can be distinguished: the meeting of the earthly king with the Sea King; the acquaintance and conversation of Ivan Tsarevich with the old woman; the acquaintance and conversation of Ivan Tsarevich with Vasilisa the Wise; the fulfillment by Ivan Tsarevich with the help of Vasilisa the Wise of the difficult tasks of the Sea Tsar. in different ways, for example: 1. The treachery of the Sea King 2. The old woman is a magical assistant 3. The beautiful Vasilisa the Wise 4. Vasilisa performs difficult tasks.)
Which part of the text will be easiest to retell and why? (It is easiest to retell the fourth, largest part of the text, because it is very clearly built, its composition is based on a threefold repetition: Ivan Tsarevich is given a task impossible for human strength, he cries, complains to Vasilisa, she comforts him, the task is completed during the night, the next morning The sea king thanks Ivan Tsarevich and gives him the next task - and so on three times in a row.)
V. Summary of the lesson.
What keeps order in a fairy tale? (The order of a fairy tale is based on repetitions. There are no indications of the time of events in a fairy tale, time for the ancients is nature, it is seasonal repetition. These views are reflected in a fairy tale: the order of a genre is based on a system of repetitions.)
Now explain the composition of this episode as characteristic of a fairy tale. (The composition of this episode contains a threefold repetition, which is typical for a fairy tale.)
On the material of the text of the fairy tale "The Sea King and Vasilisa the Wise" note the features of a fairy tale. (Two worlds: the world where the king and queen live is “one’s own” world and the magical underwater one is “alien”.)
Name magic numbers and repetitions. (Children's answers.)
Name traces of totemic representations. (The transformation of girls into doves, prosvirok - into living birds.)
Read the episode, which reflects the ancient ideas about the indistinguishability of the part and the whole. (An episode with talking saliva.)
Homework: reread the fairy tale "The Sea King and Vasilisa the Wise", prepare for a retelling of the part you like; note the signs of history in the text of the tale.
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- Russian folk tales Russian folk tales The world of fairy tales is amazing. Is it possible to imagine our life without fairy tales? A fairy tale is not just entertainment. She tells us about the extremely important things in life, teaches us to be kind and fair, to protect the weak, to resist evil, to despise the cunning and flatterers. The fairy tale teaches to be faithful, honest, makes fun of our vices: boasting, greed, hypocrisy, laziness. For centuries, fairy tales have been passed down orally. One person came up with a fairy tale, told another, that person added something from himself, retold it to a third, and so on. Each time the story got better and better. It turns out that the fairy tale was invented not by one person, but by many different people, the people, which is why they began to call it - “folk”. Fairy tales originated in ancient times. They were the stories of hunters, trappers and fishermen. In fairy tales - animals, trees and herbs talk like people. And in a fairy tale, everything is possible. If you want to become young, eat rejuvenating apples. It is necessary to revive the princess - sprinkle her first with dead, and then with living water ... The fairy tale teaches us to distinguish good from bad, good from evil, ingenuity from stupidity. The fairy tale teaches not to despair in difficult times and always overcome difficulties. The tale teaches how important it is for every person to have friends. And the fact that if you do not leave a friend in trouble, then he will help you ...
- Tales of Aksakov Sergei Timofeevich Tales of Aksakov S.T. Sergei Aksakov wrote very few fairy tales, but it was this author who wrote the wonderful fairy tale "The Scarlet Flower" and we immediately understand what talent this person had. Aksakov himself told how in childhood he fell ill and the housekeeper Pelageya was invited to him, who composed various stories and fairy tales. The boy liked the story about the Scarlet Flower so much that when he grew up, he wrote down the story of the housekeeper from memory, and as soon as it was published, the tale became a favorite among many boys and girls. This tale was first published in 1858, and then many cartoons were made based on this tale.
- Tales of the Brothers Grimm Tales of the Brothers Grimm Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm are the greatest German storytellers. The brothers published their first collection of fairy tales in 1812 in German. This collection includes 49 fairy tales. The Grimm brothers began recording fairy tales regularly in 1807. Fairy tales immediately gained immense popularity among the population. The wonderful fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm, obviously, have been read by each of us. Their interesting and informative stories awaken the imagination, and the simple language of the story is clear even to kids. The stories are intended for readers of all ages. In the collection of the Brothers Grimm there are stories that are understandable for kids, but there are also for older people. The Grimm brothers were fond of collecting and studying folk tales in their student years. The glory of the great storytellers brought them three collections of "Children's and family tales" (1812, 1815, 1822). Among them are "The Bremen Town Musicians", "The Pot of Porridge", "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs", "Hansel and Gretel", "Bob, Straw and Coal", "Mrs. Snowstorm" - about 200 fairy tales in total.
- Tales of Valentin Kataev Fairy tales by Valentin Kataev Writer Valentin Kataev lived a great and beautiful life. He left books, by reading which we can learn to live with taste, without missing the interesting that surrounds us every day and every hour. There was a period in Kataev's life, about 10 years, when he wrote wonderful fairy tales for children. The main characters of fairy tales are the family. They show love, friendship, belief in magic, miracles, relationships between parents and children, relationships between children and people they meet on their way, which help them grow up and learn something new. After all, Valentin Petrovich himself was left without a mother very early. Valentin Kataev is the author of fairy tales: “A pipe and a jug” (1940), “A flower - a seven-flower” (1940), “Pearl” (1945), “Stump” (1945), “Dove” (1949).
- Tales of Wilhelm Hauff Tales of Wilhelm Hauff Wilhelm Hauf (11/29/1802 - 11/18/1827) was a German writer, best known as the author of fairy tales for children. It is considered a representative of the Biedermeier artistic literary style. Wilhelm Gauf is not so famous and popular world storyteller, but the tales of Gauf must be read to children. In his works, the author, with the subtlety and unobtrusiveness of a real psychologist, put a deep meaning that prompts reflection. Hauff wrote his Märchen - fairy tales for the children of Baron Hegel, they were first published in the Almanac of Tales of January 1826 for the sons and daughters of noble estates. There were such works by Gauf as "Kalif-Stork", "Little Muk", some others, which immediately gained popularity in German-speaking countries. Focusing at first on Eastern folklore, later he begins to use European legends in fairy tales.
- Tales of Vladimir Odoevsky Tales of Vladimir Odoevsky Vladimir Odoevsky entered the history of Russian culture as a literary and musical critic, prose writer, museum and library worker. He did a lot for Russian children's literature. During his lifetime, he published several books for children's reading: "The Town in a Snuffbox" (1834-1847), "Fairy Tales and Stories for Children of Grandpa Iriney" (1838-1840), "The Collection of Children's Songs of Grandpa Iriney" (1847), "Children's Book for Sundays" (1849). Creating fairy tales for children, VF Odoevsky often turned to folklore plots. And not only to the Russians. The most popular are two fairy tales by V. F. Odoevsky - “Moroz Ivanovich” and “The Town in a Snuffbox”.
- Tales of Vsevolod Garshin Tales of Vsevolod Garshin Garshin V.M. - Russian writer, poet, critic. Fame gained after the publication of his first work "4 days". The number of fairy tales written by Garshin is not at all large - only five. And almost all of them are included in the school curriculum. Fairy tales “The Traveling Frog”, “The Tale of the Toad and the Rose”, “That which was not” are known to every child. All Garshin's fairy tales are imbued with deep meaning, designation of facts without unnecessary metaphors and all-consuming sadness that passes through each of his tales, each story.
- Tales of Hans Christian Andersen Tales of Hans Christian Andersen Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875) - Danish writer, storyteller, poet, playwright, essayist, author of world famous fairy tales for children and adults. Reading Andersen's fairy tales is fascinating at any age, and they give children and adults the freedom to fly dreams and fantasies. In every fairy tale of Hans Christian there are deep thoughts about the meaning of life, human morality, sin and virtues, often not noticeable at first glance. Andersen's most popular fairy tales: The Little Mermaid, Thumbelina, Nightingale, Swineherd, Chamomile, Flint, Wild Swans, Tin Soldier, Princess and the Pea, Ugly Duckling.
- Tales of Mikhail Plyatskovsky Tales of Mikhail Plyatskovsky Mikhail Spartakovich Plyatskovsky - Soviet songwriter, playwright. Even in his student years, he began to compose songs - both poems and melodies. The first professional song "March of Cosmonauts" was written in 1961 with S. Zaslavsky. There is hardly a person who has never heard such lines: "it's better to sing in unison", "friendship begins with a smile." A baby raccoon from a Soviet cartoon and Leopold the cat sing songs based on the verses of the popular songwriter Mikhail Spartakovich Plyatskovsky. Plyatskovsky's fairy tales teach children the rules and norms of behavior, simulate familiar situations and introduce them to the world. Some stories not only teach kindness, but also make fun of the bad character traits inherent in children.
- Tales of Samuil Marshak Tales of Samuil Marshak Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak (1887 - 1964) - Russian Soviet poet, translator, playwright, literary critic. Known as the author of fairy tales for children, satirical works, as well as "adult", serious lyrics. Among Marshak's dramatic works, fairy tale plays "Twelve Months", "Smart Things", "Cat's House" are especially popular. Marshak's poems and fairy tales begin to be read from the very first days in kindergartens, then they are put on matinees, in the lower grades they are taught by heart.
- Tales of Gennady Mikhailovich Tsyferov Tales of Gennady Mikhailovich Tsyferov Gennady Mikhailovich Tsyferov - Soviet storyteller, screenwriter, playwright. The greatest success of Gennady Mikhailovich brought animation. During the cooperation with the Soyuzmultfilm studio, in collaboration with Genrikh Sapgir, more than twenty-five cartoons were released, including "The Train from Romashkov", "My Green Crocodile", "Like a Frog Looking for Dad", "Losharik", "How to become big" . Cute and kind stories of Tsyferov are familiar to each of us. The heroes who live in the books of this wonderful children's writer will always come to the aid of each other. His famous fairy tales: “There was an elephant in the world”, “About a chicken, the sun and a bear cub”, “About an eccentric frog”, “About a steamboat”, “A story about a pig”, etc. Collections of fairy tales: “How a frog was looking for a dad”, “ Multi-colored giraffe”, “Engine from Romashkovo”, “How to become big and other stories”, “Bear cub diary”.
- Tales of Sergei Mikhalkov Tales of Sergei Mikhalkov Mikhalkov Sergei Vladimirovich (1913 - 2009) - writer, writer, poet, fabulist, playwright, war correspondent during the Great Patriotic War, author of the text of two hymns of the Soviet Union and the anthem of the Russian Federation. They begin to read Mikhalkov's poems in the kindergarten, choosing "Uncle Styopa" or the equally famous rhyme "What do you have?". The author takes us back to the Soviet past, but over the years his works do not become obsolete, but only acquire charm. Mikhalkov's children's poems have long become classics.
- Tales of Suteev Vladimir Grigorievich Tales of Suteev Vladimir Grigorievich Suteev - Russian Soviet children's writer, illustrator and director-animator. One of the pioneers of Soviet animation. Born in the family of a doctor. The father was a gifted person, his passion for art was passed on to his son. From his youth, Vladimir Suteev, as an illustrator, periodically published in the magazines Pioneer, Murzilka, Friendly Guys, Iskorka, and in the Pionerskaya Pravda newspaper. Studied at MVTU im. Bauman. Since 1923 - an illustrator of books for children. Suteev illustrated books by K. Chukovsky, S. Marshak, S. Mikhalkov, A. Barto, D. Rodari, as well as his own works. The tales that V. G. Suteev composed himself are written laconically. Yes, he does not need verbosity: everything that is not said will be drawn. The artist works as a multiplier, capturing every movement of the character to get a solid, logically clear action and a vivid, memorable image.
- Tales of Tolstoy Alexei Nikolaevich Tales of Tolstoy Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy A.N. - a Russian writer, an extremely versatile and prolific writer who wrote in all genres and genres (two collections of poems, more than forty plays, scripts, adaptations of fairy tales, journalistic and other articles, etc.), primarily a prose writer, a master of fascinating narration. Genres in creativity: prose, short story, story, play, libretto, satire, essay, journalism, historical novel, science fiction, fairy tale, poem. A popular fairy tale by A. N. Tolstoy: “The Golden Key, or the Adventures of Pinocchio”, which is a successful reworking of a fairy tale by an Italian writer of the 19th century. Collodi "Pinocchio", entered the golden fund of world children's literature.
- Tales of Leo Tolstoy Tales of Tolstoy Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy Lev Nikolayevich (1828 - 1910) - one of the greatest Russian writers and thinkers. Thanks to him, not only works that are part of the treasury of world literature appeared, but also a whole religious and moral trend - Tolstoyism. Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy wrote many instructive, lively and interesting tales, fables, poems and stories. He also wrote many small but wonderful fairy tales for children: Three Bears, How Uncle Semyon told about what happened to him in the forest, The Lion and the Dog, The Tale of Ivan the Fool and His Two Brothers, Two Brothers, Worker Emelyan and empty drum and many others. Tolstoy was very serious about writing little fairy tales for children, he worked hard on them. Tales and stories of Lev Nikolaevich are still in books for reading in elementary school.
- Tales of Charles Perrault The Tales of Charles Perrault Charles Perrault (1628-1703) was a French storyteller, critic and poet, and was a member of the French Academy. It is probably impossible to find a person who would not know the tale about Little Red Riding Hood and the gray wolf, about a boy from a finger or other equally memorable characters, colorful and so close not only to a child, but also to an adult. But all of them owe their appearance to the wonderful writer Charles Perrault. Each of his fairy tales is a folk epic, its writer processed and developed the plot, having received such delightful works that are still read with great admiration today.
- Ukrainian folk tales Ukrainian folk tales Ukrainian folk tales have much in common in their style and content with Russian folk tales. In the Ukrainian fairy tale, much attention is paid to everyday realities. Ukrainian folklore is very vividly described by a folk tale. All traditions, holidays and customs can be seen in the plots of folk tales. How Ukrainians lived, what they had and what they didn’t have, what they dreamed about and how they went towards their goals are also clearly embedded in the meaning of fairy tales. The most popular Ukrainian folk tales: Mitten, Goat Dereza, Pokatigoroshka, Serko, the tale about Ivasik, Kolosok and others.
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- Riddles about food with answers Delicious riddles for children with answers. In order for children to eat this or that food, many parents come up with all kinds of games. We offer you funny riddles about food that will help your child treat nutrition on a positive side. Here you will find riddles about vegetables and fruits, about mushrooms and berries, about sweets.
- Riddles about the world with answers Riddles about the world with answers In this category of riddles, there is almost everything that concerns a person and the world around him. Riddles about professions are very useful for children, because at a young age the first abilities and talents of a child appear. And he will first think about who he wants to become. This category also includes funny riddles about clothes, about transport and cars, about a wide variety of objects that surround us.
- Riddles for kids with answers Riddles for the little ones with answers. In this section, your kids will get acquainted with each letter. With the help of such riddles, children will quickly memorize the alphabet, learn how to correctly add syllables and read words. Also in this section there are riddles about the family, about notes and music, about numbers and school. Funny riddles will distract the baby from a bad mood. Riddles for the little ones are simple, humorous. Children are happy to solve them, remember and develop in the process of playing.
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- Riddles for children with answers Riddles for children with answers. A large selection of riddles with answers for fun and intellectual activities with children. A riddle is just a quatrain or one sentence containing a question. In riddles, wisdom and the desire to know more, to recognize, to strive for something new are mixed. Therefore, we often encounter them in fairy tales and legends. Riddles can be solved on the way to school, kindergarten, used in various competitions and quizzes. Riddles help the development of your child.
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Tale of the Sea King and Vasilisa the Wise
Russian folktale
The tale "The Sea King and Vasilisa the Wise" summary:
The tale "The Sea King and Vasilisa the Wise" is about how the Tsar married the queen and went on a campaign. While the Tsar travels to foreign lands, his son Ivan Tsarevich is born at home. Returning, the king wanted to drink from the lake, but the Sea King grabbed him by the beard and threatened to kill him if the king did not give him what he did not know about in his house. The king agrees. Only upon arrival home does he realize his mistake.
Ivan Tsarevich quickly grew up, and the king sends him to the shore of the lake to look for a ring, but in fact the king of the sea.
Ivan Tsarevich is looking for a ring and meets an old woman, whom he first scolded, but then confessed, and she taught him what to do.
12 doves flew to the lake, turned into girls and began to swim. Then the thirteenth flew in and became the most beautiful girl of all. Then they fly away, only the youngest remains, from whom the prince steals the shirt. This is Vasilisa the Wise. She gives the prince a ring and shows the way to the sea kingdom, and she flies away.
Ivan came to the Sea Tsar, and he, as a punishment for a long absence, ordered him to do three jobs - to level the field, sow rye and so that the rye ripens by morning, sort out the stacks of wheat, thresh the wheat and not destroy the stacks, and build a church of pure wax.
Ivan sobbed every time, not knowing how to complete the task, but Vasilisa did everything herself.
Ivan Tsarevich marries Vasilisa the Wise. After some time, he confesses to his wife that he wants to go to Holy Russia. Vasilisa spits in three corners, locks up her tower and runs away with her husband to Russia.
For some time, saliva was responsible for Vasilisa and the servants did not know about the escape, but, in the end, the messengers break the door, and the tower is empty. And the Sea King sent his servants in pursuit. Twice Vasilisa deceived the servants, first turning into a sheep and a shepherd, then into a church and a priest. Finally, the Sea King himself rushed in pursuit.
Vasilisa turns horses into a lake, her husband into a drake, and she herself turns into a duck. The sea king recognizes them, becomes an eagle, but it is not possible to kill a drake and a duck, because they dived, and that was how they escaped.
The Sea King returned to himself with nothing.
Ivan came home. Vasilisa warns that the prince will forget her. But she punished him that as soon as he saw two doves, he would remember her.
And sure enough, Ivan Tsarevich forgot Vasilisa, and even took it into his head to marry another.
Vasilisa baked two doves here, waved her hand, and they flew out the window, and let's knock on the royal tower. The prince, seeing them, remembers Vasilisa, finds her, brings her to her father-mother, and everyone lives together.
This fairy tale teaches courage, honesty, kindness, develops a sense of beauty.
Tale of the Sea King and Vasilisa the Wise read:
Beyond distant lands, in a distant state, there lived a king with a queen; they had no children. The king went to foreign lands, to distant lands, he did not go home for a long time; at that time the queen bore him a son, Ivan Tsarevich, but the king does not know about it.
He began to keep his way to his state, began to drive up to his land, and the day was hot, hot, the sun was so hot! And a great thirst fell upon him; whatever to give, just to drink water! He looked around and saw a large lake not far off; rode up to the lake, dismounted from the horse, lay down on the ground and let's swallow the icy water. Drinks and does not smell trouble; and the king of the sea seized him by the beard.
- Let go! the king asks.
“I won’t let you in, don’t you dare drink without my knowledge!”
- Whatever you want, take a ransom - just let it go!
- Let's do something you don't know at home.
The king thought and thought ... What does he not know at home? It seems that he knows everything, everything is known to him, - and he agreed. I tried - no one keeps a beard; got up from the ground, got on his horse and rode home.
Here he comes home, the queen meets him with the prince, so joyful; and as soon as he learned about his dear offspring, he burst into bitter tears. He told the princess how and what had happened to him, we cried together, but there’s nothing to do, you can’t fix things with tears.
They began to live in the old way; and the prince grows for himself and grows like dough on dough - not by the day, but by the hour - and he has grown big.
“No matter how much you keep with you,” the tsar thinks, but you have to give it back: it’s inevitable!” He took Ivan Tsarevich by the hand and led him straight to the lake.
“Look here,” he says, “my ring; I accidentally dropped it yesterday.
He left one prince, and he turned home.
The prince began to look for a ring, he was walking along the shore, and an old woman came across to meet him.
Where are you going, Ivan Tsarevich?
“Get off, don’t bother, old witch!” And it's boring without you.
- Well, stay with God!
And the old woman went to the side.
And Ivan Tsarevich thought about it: “Why did I scold the old woman?” Let me turn her back; old people are cunning and quick-witted! Perhaps he will say something good.” And he began to turn the old woman:
- Come back, grandmother, forgive my stupid word! After all, I said out of annoyance: my father made me look for a ring, I go and look, but there is no ring!
- You are not here for a ring: your father gave you to the sea king; the sea king will come out and take you with him to the underwater kingdom.
The prince wept bitterly.
- Do not grieve, Ivan Tsarevich! There will be a holiday on your street; just listen to me, old woman. Hide behind that currant bush and hide quietly. Twelve doves will fly here - all red maidens, and after them the thirteenth; will bathe in the lake; meanwhile, take away the shirt from the last one and still don’t give it back until she gives you her little ring. If you fail to do this, you are lost forever; near the sea king, all around the palace, there is a high palisade, for as much as ten versts, and on each spoke a head is stuck; only one empty, do not please get on it!
Ivan Tsarevich thanked the old woman, hid behind a currant bush and waited for the time.
Suddenly twelve pigeons fly in; hit the damp earth and turned into red maidens, all to a single beauty indescribable: neither think, nor guess, nor write with a pen! They threw off their dresses and set off into the lake: they play, splash, laugh, sing songs.
They were followed by the thirteenth dove; hit the damp ground, turned into a beautiful girl, threw off her white shirt and went to bathe; and she was prettier than all, prettier than all!
For a long time Ivan Tsarevich could not take his eyes away, he looked at her for a long time and remembered what the old woman had told him, crept quietly and took away the shirt.
A red-haired girl came out of the water, missed her - there was no shirt, someone took it away; Everyone rushed to look: they searched, searched - not to be seen anywhere.
- Do not look, dear sisters! Fly home; I myself am to blame - I overlooked it, I myself will answer.
Sisters - red maidens hit the damp ground, became doves, flapped their wings and flew away. Only one girl remained, looked around and said:
“Whoever it is, who has my shirt, come out here; if you are an old man, you will be my dear father, if you are middle-aged, you will be my beloved brother, if you are equal to me, you will be a dear friend!
As soon as she said the last word, Ivan Tsarevich appeared. She gave him a golden ring and said:
“Ah, Ivan Tsarevich! Why haven't you come for a long time? The sea king is angry with you. Here is the road that leads to the underwater kingdom; step on it boldly! You will find me there too; because I am the daughter of the sea king, Vasilisa the Wise.
Vasilisa the Wise turned into a dove and flew away from the prince.
And Ivan Tsarevich went to the underwater kingdom; sees - and there the light is the same as ours; and there are fields, and meadows, and green groves, and the sun is warm.
He comes to the sea king. The sea king shouted at him:
- Why haven't you been here for so long? For your guilt, here is your service: I have a wasteland thirty miles long and across - only ditches, gullies and sharp stones! So that by tomorrow it would be smooth as a palm there, and the rye would be sown, and by early morning it would grow so high that a jackdaw could be buried in it. If you don't, your head is off your shoulders!
Ivan Tsarevich comes from the sea king, he is shedding tears. Vasilisa the Wise saw him through the window from her towering tower and asked:
- Hello, Ivan Tsarevich! Why are you shedding tears?
How can I not cry? the prince answers. - The king of the sea made me level the ditches, gullies and sharp stones in one night and sow rye, so that by the morning of sleep it would grow and a jackdaw could hide in it.
- It's not a problem, the trouble is ahead. Go to sleep with God; the morning is wiser than the evening, everything will be ready!
Ivan Tsarevich went to bed, and Vasilisa the Wise went out onto the porch and shouted in a loud voice:
- Hey you, my faithful servants! Level deep ditches, demolish sharp stones, sow spiked rye, so that it will ripen by morning.
Ivan Tsarevich woke up at dawn, looked - everything is ready: there are no ditches, no gullies, there is a field as smooth as a palm, and rye flaunts on it - so high that a jackdaw will be buried.
I went to the sea king with a report.
“Thank you,” says the sea king, “that you managed to serve. Here's another job for you: I have three hundred stacks, in each stack there are three hundred kopecks - all white wheat; thresh for me by tomorrow all the wheat, clean and clean, to a single grain, but do not break the stacks and do not break the sheaves. If you don't, your head is off your shoulders!
“Listen, Your Majesty! - said Ivan Tsarevich; again he walks around the yard and sheds tears.
- What are you crying about? Vasilisa the Wise asks him.
How can I not cry? The king of the sea ordered me to thresh all the stacks in one night, not to drop the grain, but not to break the stacks and not to break the sheaves.
- It's not a problem, the trouble is ahead! Go to bed with God; The morning is wiser than the evening.
The prince went to bed, and Vasilisa the Wise went out onto the porch and shouted in a loud voice:
- Hey you, creeping ants! No matter how many of you there are in the whole wide world - all crawl here and pick the grain from the father's stacks clean and clean.
In the morning, the sea king calls Ivan Tsarevich:
Did he serve?
“Served, your majesty!”
- Let's go see.
They came to the threshing floor - all the stacks are untouched, they came to the granary - all the bins are full of grain.
- Thank you, brother! the sea king said. “Make me another church of pure wax, ready by dawn; that will be your last service.”
Again Tsarevich Ivan walks through the yard and washes himself with tears.
- What are you crying about? Vasilisa the Wise asks him from the high tower.
- How can I not cry, good fellow? The sea king ordered to make a church out of pure wax in one night.
- Well, it's not a problem yet, the trouble is ahead. Go to sleep; The morning is wiser than the evening.
The prince went to bed, and Vasilisa the Wise went out onto the porch and shouted in a loud voice:
- Hey you, hard-working bees! No matter how many of you there are in the world, all fly here and mold the church of God from pure wax, so that by morning it will be ready.
In the morning, Ivan Tsarevich got up, looked - there was a church made of pure wax, and went to the sea king with a chill.
Thank you, Ivan Tsarevich! What servants I did not have, no one managed to please like you. Be then my heir, the guardian of the whole kingdom; choose any of my thirteen daughters for your wife.
Ivan Tsarevich chose Vasilisa the Wise; they were immediately married and feasted with joy for three whole days.
Neither more nor less time passed, Ivan Tsarevich yearned for his parents, he wanted to go to Holy Russia.
“Why are you so sad, Ivan Tsarevich?
- Ah, Vasilisa the Wise, I felt sad for my father, for my mother, I wanted to go to Holy Russia.
- Here comes the trouble! If we leave, there will be a great chase after us; the sea king will be angry and put us to death. Gotta be smart!
Vasilisa the Wise spat in three corners, locked the doors in her chamber and ran with Ivan Tsarevich to Holy Russia.
On the next day, early sent from the sea king come - to raise the young, to call to the palace to the king. Knocking on the door:
- Wake up, wake up! Father is calling you.
“It’s still early, we didn’t get enough sleep: come after!” one saliva answers.
So the messengers left, waited an hour or two, and knocked again:
"It's not time to sleep, it's time to get up!"
"Wait a little, let's get up and get dressed!" replies another saliva.
The third time the messengers come:
“The Tsar-de-Marine is angry why they are taking so long to cool off.
- Let's go now! - answers the third saliva.
The messengers waited and waited, and let's knock again: no response, no response! They broke down the door, but the tower is empty.
They reported to the king that the young had run away; he became angry and sent a great chase after them.
And Vasilisa the Wise and Ivan Tsarevich are already far, far away! They ride greyhound horses without stopping, without rest.
- Well, Ivan Tsarevich, lie down on the damp earth and listen, is there a chase from the sea king?
Ivan Tsarevich jumped off his horse, put his ear to the damp earth and said:
- I hear people's talk and a horse top!
- They're after us! - said Vasilisa the Wise, and immediately turned the horses into a green meadow, Ivan Tsarevich into an old shepherd, and she herself became a meek sheep.
The chase is on:
- Hey, old man! Didn't you see - didn't a good fellow ride here with a red maiden?
“No, good people, I haven’t seen it,” Ivan Tsarevich answers, “I’ve been grazing in this place for forty years, not a single bird has flown past, not a single beast has roamed past!
The chase is back:
"Your Royal Majesty!" They didn’t run into anyone on the way, they only saw: the shepherd is grazing a sheep.
- What did you miss? After all, they were! - shouted the sea king and sent a new pursuit.
And Ivan Tsarevich and Vasilisa the Wise have been riding greyhound horses for a long time.
- Well, Ivan Tsarevich, lie down on the damp earth and listen, is there a chase from the sea king?
Ivan Tsarevich got off his horse, put his ear to the damp earth and said:
- I hear people's talk and a horse top.
- They're after us! - said Vasilisa the Wise; she herself became a church, she turned Ivan Tsarevich into an old priest, and the horses into trees.
The chase is on:
— Hey, father! Did you not see if a shepherd with a sheep passed by here?
- No, good people, I haven’t seen it; I have been working in this church for forty years - not a single bird has flown by, not a single animal has roamed past.
Turned the chase back:
"Your Royal Majesty!" Nowhere did they find a shepherd with a sheep; only on the way and saw that the church and the priest-old man.
- Why didn't you break the church, didn't capture the priest? After all, they were the ones! - shouted the sea king and he himself galloped in pursuit of Ivan Tsarevich and Vasilisa the Wise.
And they have gone far.
Vasilisa the Wise again says:
- Ivan Tsarevich! Lie down on the damp earth - do not hear the chase!
Ivan Tsarevich got down from his horse, put his ear to the damp earth and said:
- I hear people's talk and a horse top more than ever.
- It's the king himself riding.
Vasilisa the Wise turned the horses into a lake, Ivan Tsarevich into a drake, and she herself became a duck.
The king of the sea galloped to the lake, immediately guessed who the duck and drake were; hit the ground and turned into an eagle. The eagle wants to kill them to death, but it wasn’t there: what doesn’t fly from above ... the drake is about to hit, and the drake dives into the water; the duck is about to hit, and the duck will dive into the water! He fought and fought and couldn't do anything. The king of the sea galloped to his underwater kingdom, and Vasilisa the Wise and Ivan Tsarevich waited a good time and went to holy Russia.
How long, how short, they arrived in the thirtieth kingdom.
“Wait for me in this forest,” Ivan Tsarevich says to Vasilisa the Wise, “I will go and report to my father and mother in advance.
- You will forget me, Ivan Tsarevich!
- No, I won't forget.
- No, Ivan Tsarevich, don't say, you'll forget! Remember me even when two doves start beating at the windows!
Ivan Tsarevich came to the palace; his parents saw him, threw themselves on his neck and began to kiss and pardon him; in joy, Ivan Tsarevich forgot about Vasilisa the Wise.
He lives a day and another with his father, with his mother, and on the third he decided to marry some princess.
Vasilisa the Wise went to the city and hired herself as a worker for a prosvirna. They began to cook prosvira; she took two pieces of dough, molded a pair of doves and put them in the oven.
“Guess, mistress, what will become of these doves?”
— And what will happen? Let's eat them - that's all!
— No, I didn't guess!
Vasilisa the Wise opened the stove, opened the window - and at that very moment the doves started up, flew straight into the palace and began to beat at the windows; no matter how hard the royal servants tried, they could not drive them away.
It was only then that Ivan Tsarevich remembered Vasilisa the Wise, sent messengers in all directions to question and search for her, and found her at the mallow; took the white hands, kissed the sugar lips, brought him to his father, to his mother, and they all began to live together and live and make good.
People get to know them from childhood. The main function of fairy tales is educational, because they teach kindness, disinterestedness, altruism.
The history of Russian folklore has a large number of fairy tales. Many of them come in multiple versions.
Fairy tale and its genre varieties
The stories may be different. The main classification divides them as follows:
1. A fairy tale about animals. The main characters and actors are animals. In Russian literature, each animal is an allegory of some kind. For example, a fox personifies cunning, a hare - cowardice, etc.
2. Has a rather complex composition. The beginning of such a tale, as a rule, is the beginning. In a fairy tale, this is which expresses morality, the main thought and idea.
3. Novelistic fairy tale. A hero is a person who does amazing things. Only if magical objects or unusual animals help in magical ones, then in short stories the character uses only his mind.
4. Household fairy tale. It tells about the life of a person in the ordinary world without magic.
Each story begins in its own way. The beginnings of Russian fairy tales deserve great attention, however, before considering them, it is necessary to get acquainted with the structural elements of a traditional fairy tale.
Fairy tale structure
The story begins with a beginning. After that, the main events begin. The hero finds himself in an unusual situation. Then in the tale there are ups and downs - actions. The characters intersect with each other. The most crucial moment is coming - the climax. After the climax, there is a decline in events, and subsequently - a denouement.
This is the structure of ordinary history.
A little about the beginning
The beginning of a fairy tale is the beginning of a fairy tale. It can be short (consisting of one sentence), or it can be a whole paragraph long. Zachin introduces the reader to a fairy tale story. He gives initial information about the characters, for example, "there once was a peasant."
The beginning in a fairy tale is a small digression that sets the tone for the story. The main goals of the beginning:
1. Grab the audience's attention. The beginnings of Russian folk tales can be a proverb or saying. The reader or listener becomes interested in how this tale is connected with the sentence indicated in the opening.
2. Set the tone for the story. The beginning often determines the genre of the work. Russian classics used a similar technique, for example, Saltykov-Shchedrin begins the tale "The Wise Minnow" with the words: "Once upon a time there was a minnow."
Thus, the beginning is the main structural unit of a fairy tale, which sets the reader up to read the work and determines the genre originality.
Beginnings in Russian fairy tales
It is difficult to find a person who could not remember at least one beginning. In a fairy tale, this is the main part, so it is difficult to do without it.
Most fairy tales begin with the words "once upon a time...", "once upon a time...". The peculiarity of such a beginning is the repeated repetition of single-root words.
No less famous are the beginnings of Russian folk tales, beginning with the words "in a certain kingdom, in a certain state ...". A similar beginning - "in a distant kingdom, in a distant state ...". Such introductions are characteristic of fairy tales.
Sometimes fairy tales are opened with sayings with the word "beginning", for example, "beginning makes things beautiful" or "every business has a beginning, every tale is a beginning." After such an introduction, the story itself begins immediately.
Thus, we can draw the following conclusion: the beginning is a special beginning of a fairy tale, characteristic of the works of Russian folklore. It can act either as fairy tales, or carry a certain semantic load.
