The administrative center of the Nenets Autonomous Region is. Hunting and fishing - Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The territory of the Nenets Okrug is unique, here is the only standard of flat tundra in Europe, where you can see untouched landscapes and natural complexes. The wealth of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is not only the minerals found on its territory, but also the unique northern nature and the ancient people of reindeer herders with thousands of years of tradition.

The Nenets Autonomous Okrug, located in the north of the East European Plain, is part of the Northwestern Federal District and borders on the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Mezensky District of the Arkhangelsk Region and the Komi Republic. The population of the district is 42,789 people (as of 2013). The area of ​​the district is 175.81 thousand square meters. km. The Nenets Okrug occupies the Kanin Peninsula, two large islands - Vaigach and Kolguev and small islands - Peskov, Dolgiy, Bolshoi Zelenets, Maly Zelenets, Sengeevsky, Gulyavskie Koshki and others. Almost all the lands of the district, except for the southwestern part, are located beyond the Arctic Circle and are washed by the seas of the Arctic Ocean - the Barents, White and Kara.

In 1929, the Nenets Okrug became the first national okrug in the Far North, and in 1977 it was renamed the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Two-thirds of the Okrug's population are Russians, one-third are the small peoples of the North, Komi and Nenets.

The administrative center is the city of Naryan-Mar (translated from Nenets as “Red City”), located 1500 km from Moscow. There is no time difference with Moscow. You can get to the city by plane, and during the shipping season from mid-June to October - by sea. The city was founded in the 30s of the twentieth century as a seaport and river pier. Now Naryan-Mar is one of the main transshipment bases for oil tankers.

The Nenets Okrug is located in the Arctic climate zone, where the influence of Atlantic cyclones is strong, which is why the weather here is constantly changing. The subarctic climate is harsh - winters are cold here, lasting up to 5 months in the western part of the district, and up to 6.5 months in the eastern. The average temperature in winter is 11-20 C, in summer - + 6-13 C. In winter, there are thaws, and in summer there are frosts. In autumn, the sea slightly softens the climate on the coast, and in spring and summer it makes it cooler. From August to September, the maximum amount of precipitation usually falls. Fogs and blizzards often occur in the area.

In most of the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, permafrost occurs, which is interrupted on the coast and in the southern part. Most of the lands of the Nenets Okrug are tundra - arctic mountain, northern, southern, a quarter falls on the forest tundra and a small part, about 8% of the entire territory - on the northern taiga.

The Nenets Okrug is of great interest for extreme, geological, ethnographic and ecological tourism. For nature lovers and scientists, this place is simply expanse.

On the territory of the district there is the Nenets State Nature Reserve with an area of ​​almost 314 hectares, of which 182 hectares are in the sea area. The reserve occupies the northeast of the Malozemelnaya tundra, the Pechora delta and all the islands of the Pechora Bay. The reserve preserves both unique endemic plants and rare species of birds and animals - lesser swan, white-tailed eagle, white-billed loon, lesser white-billed bird, Atlantic walrus, gray seal, bearded seal (beared seal), ringed seal, there is a rare amphibian - Siberian salamander . Rare cetaceans enter the bays - northern fin whales and high-browed bottlenose.

In the Pechora Delta, valuable species of fish spawn - navaga and salmon, salmon, omul, grayling are found in lakes, smelt and polar cod walk in coastal waters.

Be sure to visit one of the most memorable places in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, which is the unique area of ​​the Belaya River on the Northern Timan. Geographically, the Northern Timan is a gently sloping upland, consisting of four ridges, elongated from the southeast to the northwest.

In its upper reaches, the Belaya River winds its way into high rocky banks composed of whitish quartz sandstone. Thanks to frosty weathering and rain streams that wash away the destroyed material from the slopes, the shores are decorated with bizarre remnant figures that give free rein to fantasy and imagination. The soft rock of sedimentary origin is so worn out by severe temperature and water weathering that strong winds blow amazing statues, monuments, pillars, arches out of shapeless cobblestones. Here you can see vases, dinosaurs, figures of people and animals, chess pieces and dilapidated buildings. A real stone city! Everywhere there are whole placers of white, shimmering like snow, sand, such as you will not find in the most fashionable resorts. The tundra is also surprising here - instead of the standard wet swamp covered with moss, dwarf birch and willow, there is a pleasant dry surface covered with reindeer moss, pebbles and sand. It has a rugged terrain with excellent drainage and very strong winds.

Downstream, the Belaya flows in relatively low, bushy banks, and then again rushes into a narrow, deep canyon. Here Belaya cuts through the Chaitsyn Stone ridge, and in its high banks majestic and beautiful, and at the same time gloomy rocks of sandstones and basalts are exposed. This is a unique natural monument - the Big Gate Canyon.

Along the entire course of the river, there are beautiful outcrops of rocks, in some places sheerly breaking into the water. On the shallows there are magnificent agates. In the basalts of the "Big Gate" canyon, there are often secretions made of chalcedony, a beautiful bluish agate with transparent crystals of rock crystal in the form of bubbles inside, lilac amethyst and other minerals.

The river is full of rapids and requires attention and special care from the traveler. There are places completely littered with huge boulders with several waterfalls up to one and a half meters high, under which there is the main danger - foam boilers. Water, with a roar, merging through a narrow gap, falling, forms not even foamy water, but water foam with an extremely low density.

The water in the river is so transparent that, even climbing a rock, you can see all the inhabitants of the river - grayling, trout, salmon. The abundance of fish in the river is simply amazing. Often the number of spinning throws coincides with the number of fish caught. On its banks you can find thickets of Karelian birch, reminiscent of orchards, in some areas along the banks grow mountain ash, currant, aspen, spruce. There is something to eat: there are a lot of cloudberries on the swamps, blueberries and blueberries on the slopes.

The Belaya River can be interesting both for water tourism and for hiking: its banks are passable along its entire length.

Those who like to eat berries will not be able to pass by huge fields of cranberries, cloudberries, blueberries and lingonberries, mushroom pickers will also be able to "hunt" - there are a lot of edible mushrooms in the tundra.

On the territory of the district, sites of ancient people were found, which belong to the Paleolithic era (8th millennium BC), and settlements of people of the Bronze Age. On the island of Vaygach, the sacred island of the Nenets, 200 monuments of ancient Nenets culture were discovered - sanctuaries and cemeteries, parking lots, idols, altars.

On the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, in the lower reaches of the Pechora River, 26 kilometers from Naryan-Mar, there is one of the memorable places of the Russian North - the place where the ancient capital of the entire Pechora Territory - Pustozersk was located.

The territory of the ancient settlement of Pustozersk is located on the shore of Lake Gorodetskoye. It was founded in 1499 during the expedition of the Moscow squad to the Yugra land by the governors of Ivan Sh: princes P. Ushaty, S. Kurbsky and V. Brazhnik. During the 16th - 19th centuries it was the economic and cultural center of the Pechora Territory, played an important role in the development of the Far North and the development of Arctic navigation. It was a place of exile for state criminals.

In 1644, a prison for thieves and disgraced people was set up in Pustozersk - the most terrible and farthest in the north of the state. Here, for about 15 years, the ideologue of the Old Believers and the outstanding Russian writer of the 17th century, Archpriest Avvakum, languished in prison. For several years, the famous diplomat and cultural figure of the 17th century boyar Artamon Matveev stayed. Among the prisoners were princes Semyon Shcherbaty, Ivan Dolgoruky, participants in the uprisings of K. Bulavin, S. Razin, the Solovetsky “sitting” and others.

The monument includes an ancient settlement (fortress) and a township part. The cultural layer from the side of Lake Gorodetskoye (southern and eastern part of Pustozersk) is almost 4 meters high and contains the entire suite of cultural strata for 500 years. Archaeological work has been carried out since 1987 by the AAE under the leadership of O.V. Ovsyannikov.

Monument to Pustozersk (obelisk), opened on August 2, 1964. Located on the site of the former Pustozersk. Erected on the initiative of V.I. Malyshev, Doctor of Philology, Director of the Ancient Storage of the Pushkin House (St. Petersburg), according to the project of the chief architect of Arkhangelsk V. M. Kibirev. It was built at the expense of the Arkhangelsk Regional Executive Committee by the Leningrad master builder S. T. Ustinov, with the participation of students from the Naryan-Mar Construction School.

The monument is a tetrahedral obelisk made of the stone of the former foundation of the Church of the Transfiguration (height 3.7 m, width 1.4 m) on the north side - a marble slab with the following content: “The city of Pustozersk, founded in 1499, was located on this site , the economic and cultural center of the Pechora Territory, which played an important role in the development of the Far North and in the development of Arctic navigation. From here industrialists came out to develop Novaya Zemlya, Svalbard and the Siberian rivers.

In the last century, Pustozersk became the object of versatile study by specialists. The city existed until the middle of the twentieth century. Now only monuments and grave crosses of the old Pustozero cemeteries remind of its former glory. But interest in the history of Pustozersk does not weaken. This is evidenced by the Avvakumov Readings held in Naryan-Mar, the constant desire of residents and guests of the Nenets Okrug to visit this unique place. In 1991, the territory of the former Pustozersk was declared a museum zone.

The city of Naryan-Mar is located beyond the Arctic Circle in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The hallmark and main architectural asset of the city is the building of the main post office of the district.

Naryan-Mar is a small town that you can get around in one day. There are no special attractions here, the weather is harsh. But despite this, tourists coming here will be able to have a great time. The houses in the city are painted orange and yellow, so they look quite interesting in the sun. The nature of Naryan-Mar impresses with its pristine beauty and severity. But the main feature and attraction of the city is the building of the main post office. This ancient building is a true architectural masterpiece, reminiscent of a church. In the good old days, the telegraph office of the Arctic Circle was located here, now it is a branch of the Russian Post and the city administration. Previously, there was a beautiful and large clock on the highest tower of the building, then they were removed and replaced with a spire. In 2000, the building of the main post office of the city of Naryan-Mar was carefully restored.

The town has high food prices, poor cellular communication and the Internet, a trip here is only suitable for people with a strong spirit who prefer to live away from civilization. The reward will be beautiful nature and local attractions, even if there are not so many of them.

For local residents, the main post office is not only a cultural and architectural monument of history - it is a kind of visiting card of the city and its main asset.

Your trip to Pym-Va-Shor will not be forgotten. The state natural monument Pym-Va-Shor, which in translation from the Komi means “hot water stream”. The only mineral-thermal springs in the Far North, first described by Archimandrite Veniamin in 1849, are located between the streams Pym-Va-Shor and Dyr-Shor - tributaries of the Adzva. This is a group of 8 sources with a total debit of 25-30 l/s. The water temperature in the springs in winter and summer is from 18 to 28 °C (previously it reached 40 °C). Some sources are located above the water level in the stream, others - under water. The spring water contains a large set of microelements - titanium, chromium, iron, zinc, nickel, copper, bromine, etc. The gas dissolved in the spring water contains carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, and radon. Among the Nenets and Komi, the water of the Pym-Va-Shor springs has been considered healing since ancient times, curing stomach, lung and skin diseases. The swimming pool was built by the geologists of the Polar-Ural expedition (now partially destroyed). The springs are located in a very picturesque place. Streams cut through the limestone of the Carboniferous age, forming canyons. The limestone ridges are covered with red moss. One of them contains a cave.

The main dwelling of the Nenets Chum, which was built from 30-50 poles, was covered with two layers of deer skins with trimmed wool. The inner layer of the skins was laid with wool inside, and the top layer was laid out. In the summer it was covered with tires sewn from boiled birch bark.

The Nenets have been living in tents since ancient times. For the Nenets, this is the center of the entire life of the family, which is perceived as the whole world. The plague has a hole at the top, it corresponds to the location of the sun during the day, and the moon at night. Inclined poles covered with skins correspond to the airy sphere that envelops the Earth. The richer the family was, the larger the chum was. The poor have a pointed chum, while the blunt one, on the contrary, is among the Nenets with a good income. Chum is built from poles. This requires 40 poles.

Then the poles are covered with reindeer skins, which the Nenets call nyuks. Deer skins are sewn together into continuous panels, and then the poles are covered. It takes 65 to 75 reindeer to cover the plague in winter. From June to September there is a transition from winter to summer nukes. The diameter of the plague reaches up to 8 meters, it can contain up to 20 people.

Inside the plague, every object and every place has its own purpose since antiquity. The central axis of the plague is a pole, which the Nenets consider sacred and call simzy. 7 heads of family and tribal spirits are placed on it. A shaman in a chum always had a simza decorated with the image of the sacred minle bird. Along the simza, the smoke from the hearth rises to the upper opening of the plague. According to the legends, heroes used the sacred pole to fly to battles and military exploits.

Behind the sims is a sacred place - "si". Only older men are allowed to step on it. For children and women, this is a forbidden place. At this place is a sacred chest. It stores the spirits of the patrons of the hearth, family and clan. All family savings and relics, weapons and a chest with tools are also stored there. These things are available only to the head of the house, and are inviolable for other members. The “not” place is for a woman, it is located opposite the si, at the entrance. Here she does all the household chores. In the middle, between not and si, is a sleeping place. A belt with amulets and a knife is placed at the head. Going to bed, the man takes cover with a female egg. In summer, the sleeping place is fenced off with a calico canopy. The canopy is used only at night, during the day it is carefully rolled up and secured with pillows. The children lie next to their parents. Further from the Simza, the unmarried eldest sons lay down, then the old people and other family members, including guests. It is very smoky in the chum, but in summer the smoke is a good escape from mosquitoes.

Chum often moved with its owners from place to place. Therefore, there are no beds or wardrobes in the tents. Of the furniture, there is only a small table - roofing felt and a chest. Before the advent of mobile power plants, lamps were used to illuminate the plague. They were made from bowls and filled with fish oil, in which the wick was immersed. Later, kerosene lamps appeared. For shaking snow from shoes and the hem of outerwear, there is a mallet at the entrance to the chum.

There is a cradle for small children in the chum. Previously, the baby was placed in the cradle immediately after birth, and taken out only when he began to walk. At the bottom of the cradle, wood shavings and dry moss were poured. The skins of deer and polar fox served as diapers. The child was attached to the cradle with special straps. When breastfeeding, the mother took the child along with the cradle. Such cradles are still used today.

In the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, 320 amateur art groups have been created, which preserve the ancient cultural traditions of the small peoples of the North, constantly participate in All-Russian and international festivals and holidays.

At festivals and exhibitions held in the region, you can buy unique products made of leather and fur, wood, bone and deer antler, made by craftsmen according to ancient traditions, and even be present at their creation.

You will enjoy many things while traveling in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug! These will be both man-made monuments created by the ancient and modern inhabitants of these places, the original culture of the peoples who today inhabit this region, and unique natural attractions.

The Nenets Autonomous Okrug belongs to the regions of the Far North. The climate is subarctic everywhere, turning into arctic in the far north: the average January temperature is from -3 ° C in the far north to -22 ° C in the southeast, the average July temperature is from +6 ° C in the north to +16 ° C in the south; rainfall - about 350 mm per year; permafrost. The Nenets Okrug is subject to the systematic invasion of the Atlantic and Arctic air masses. The frequent change of air masses is the reason for the constant variability of the weather. In winter and autumn, winds with a southern component prevail, and in summer - northern and northeastern ones, due to the intrusion of cold Arctic air onto a heated continent, where atmospheric pressure is lowered at this time. The air temperature in summer is determined by the amount of solar radiation and therefore naturally rises from north to south. The average July temperature in Naryan-Mar is +12°C. In the cold half of the year, the main factor in the temperature regime is the transfer of heat from the Atlantic, so the temperature drops from west to east. The average January temperature in Naryan-Mar is -18°C, winter lasts an average of 220-240 days. The entire territory of the district is located in the zone of excessive moisture. The annual amount of precipitation ranges from 400 mm (on the coasts of the seas and on the Arctic islands) to 700 mm. The minimum precipitation is observed in February, the maximum - in August - September. At least 30% of precipitation falls as snow, permafrost is present.

Nenets Autonomous Okrug formed July 15, 1929 Decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the basis of the will of the Nenets people.

The area of ​​the district is 176.7 thousand sq. km. Within the current borders, the district borders on the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Komi Republic and the Mezensky District of the Arkhangelsk Region, from the north the border runs along the coast of the White, Barents and Kara Seas, including adjacent islands that are not assigned to the jurisdiction of the Arkhangelsk Region. The administrative center of the district is the city of Naryan-Mar.

Economy of the region

Gross regional product production

The economy of the region is of a single-industry nature, and the main increase in the gross regional product is provided by oil production.

In 2013-2014, compared to 2012, a slight increase in the physical volume of the gross regional product of 4.5% is predicted, which is due to the stabilization of oil prices, the growth of the dollar, as well as a slight increase in oil production in the district associated with the predicted commissioning of fields named after . R. Trebs and them. A. Titov and reaching the industrial level of production at the field of the Central Khoreyver uplift (blocks No. 1, 2, 3, 4).

industrial production

According to the data of the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (hereinafter referred to as the territorial body of statistics), in 2012 the industrial production index is an aggregate index of production by types of economic activity "mining", "manufacturing", "production and distribution of electricity, gas and water” amounted to 89.4% of the 2011 level. The decline in the production index is due to the decline in oil production. Since 2013, there has been a slight increase in this indicator by 10.1%, due to the start of the implementation of investment projects related to oil production.

Mining:

In 2012, oil production amounted to 13.5 thousand tons, in 2013 there is a slight decrease by 1.5% compared to the previous year, which is associated with a drop in production from one of the largest companies operating in the region. In 2014-2016, the volume of oil production in the region will increase to 15% due to the commissioning of new fields, namely, as part of the trial operation, it is planned to start oil production at the Yuzhno-Toraveyskoye oil field (OOO NGK Razvitie Regionov). Also, within the framework of trial operation in 2014, it is planned to start production at new fields of Rusvietpetro IC LLC - Severo-Sikhoreysky, Syurkharatinsky, Urernyrdsky.

In 2015, it is planned to start oil production at the field named after. A. Titova.

The natural resource potential of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a reliable basis for the sustainable long-term large-scale development of the Okrug's productive forces and is distinguished by significant hydrocarbon reserves (oil, natural gas, gas condensate).

On the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the State Balance of Reserves includes 89 hydrocarbon deposits: 77 oil fields, 6 oil and gas condensate fields, 1 gas oil field, and 4 gas condensate fields.

As of October 01, 2013, 101 licenses are valid for the right to use subsoil for the purpose of geological study, exploration and production of hydrocarbons in the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, including 21 licenses for the purpose of geological study (NP).

In total, as of October 01, 2013, 27 subsoil users are license holders in the Okrug, of which 3 subsoil users are licensed only for the right to geological study of subsoil.

The main oil producing enterprises operating in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug are: OJSC Rosneft, LLC LUKOIL-Komi, LLC Polar Lights Company, JSC Total Exploration Development Russia, LLC Naryanmarneftegaz.

Manufacturing industry:

Four enterprises are engaged in industrial processing of agricultural products in the district. Reindeer meat and cattle meat are processed by Myasoprodukty OJSC, milk - by Vita OJSC, Nenets Agro-Industrial Company OJSC, fish - by Argus LLC.

The main goal of JSC Myasoprodukty is to ensure the primary processing of raw materials produced by agricultural producers of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the production of sausages and semi-finished meat products to provide the population of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug with them. The company employs over 180 people.

The financial and economic condition of the enterprise is characterized as stable.

The company is actively working to expand the range and improve the quality of products, the volume of sales, which increases from year to year. Despite the fact that commercial organizations and entrepreneurs import meat products from other manufacturers into the Okrug, Myasoprodukty OJSC does not experience significant difficulties in selling its products due to its high quality and biological value. Numerous awards received by the enterprise at interregional and all-Russian competitions testify to the recognition of the products of JSC "Myasoprodukty".

The existing capacities of JSC "Myasoprodukty" can process venison meat within the limits of 700 tons in slaughter weight. Based on the growing number of deer from year to year, and the forecast for the development of reindeer breeding until 2020, in the future it is planned to expand, re-equip and modernize the enterprise.

The processing of dairy products is carried out both by agricultural producers independently, and by OAO Nenets Agro-Industrial Company, OAO Vita. The range of manufactured products is more than 20 items.

The processing and sale of fish in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is handled by Argus LLC. The assortment of LLC "Argus" is 39 types.

In order to develop and achieve positive results in the fishing industry, the authorities have taken measures to include in the list of priority projects of the Northwestern Federal District the investment project “Construction of a fish hatchery for the reproduction and replenishment of whitefish stocks in the Nenets Autonomous District. The implementation of this project will make it possible to build a new modern fish processing complex, provide the district with high-quality and wide range of fish products, and create about 100 new jobs. As a result of the construction of fish receiving points and a plant for the production of fishmeal, the number of fish caught will increase, and up to 160 people will be employed in fishing in rural areas.

Production and distribution of electricity, gas and water:

The main enterprises generating electricity for the needs of the region are: State Unitary Enterprise NAO "Naryan-Mar Power Plant", the municipal enterprise of the Zapolyarny district "Severzhilkomservis", power plants of agricultural producers; thermal energy generating enterprises are: Naryan-Mar Municipal Unitary Enterprise of United Boiler Houses and Heat Networks, Poszhilkomservis Exploration Municipal Unitary Enterprise, Severzhilkomservis, Zapolyarny District Enterprise.

Oil producing enterprises generate electricity and heat for their own needs.

In 2012, the population consumed 40.4 million kW of electricity. h, which is lower than in 2011 by 1.0%, other consumers 68.6 million kWh, which is 0.6% higher than in 2011. In 2013-2014, there is an increase in consumption by an average of 3.0%.

Construction

On the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, a long-term target program of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug "Housing" for 2011-2022 is being implemented, within which the following indicators will be achieved:

Resettlement of 1.5 thousand families was provided and 116.1 thousand square meters were demolished. meters of housing unsuitable for habitation, including at the first stage: 752 families (2022 people) were resettled and 69.5 thousand square meters were demolished. meters, at the second stage: 762 families (2051 people) were resettled and 46.6 thousand square meters were demolished. meters;

The total area of ​​residential premises built (acquired) within the framework of the subprogram "Resettlement of citizens of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug from housing stock recognized as unsuitable for habitation and / or with a high level of deterioration" is 83.0 thousand square meters;

The number of families that improved their living conditions within the framework of the subprogram "Construction (acquisition) of residential premises in order to provide citizens under social rental contracts and specialized residential premises rental agreements" is 3.57 thousand families;

The increase in the total area of ​​residential premises is 185 thousand square meters or 118.7% of the total area of ​​​​housing at the beginning of the implementation of the subprogram "Construction (acquisition) of residential premises in order to provide citizens under social tenancy agreements and specialized residential premises rental contracts";

The level of provision with a total area of ​​housing per 1 person is 27 square meters, or 118% of the indicator at the beginning of the subprogram "Construction (acquisition) of residential premises in order to provide citizens under social rental contracts and specialized residential premises rental agreements."

International trade

Export of goods in 2013 compared to the same period last year increased by 2.0% and amounted to 4.8 billion US dollars, by 2016 it will increase to 5.4 billion US dollars. At the same time, almost all exports are carried out to non-CIS countries. The growth of exports is directly related to the expansion of oil production in the district. The bulk of exports from the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is crude oil, the rest is fish. The vast majority of imports are machinery and equipment purchased by oil companies for field development.

Consumer market

Retail trade turnover in 2013 compared to the same period last year increased by 4.3% and amounted to 6,727.7 million rubles, in 2014-2016 this figure will increase annually in comparable prices by 4-5 percent. This is due to the growth of incomes of the population, and with the increase in the range and quality of goods offered by trading organizations. The volume of public catering turnover in 2013-2016 is expected to be at the level of 2012.

The structure of paid services to the population is dominated by utilities and passenger transport services, however, in the forecast period, the share of housing and communal services is increasing. The volume of paid services of cultural and physical culture and sports institutions has significantly increased, which is associated with the commissioning of new facilities, in particular, a new ice palace has been built, a new cultural and leisure center is being used at full capacity.

ODS in the region

Officially, the regulatory impact assessment in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug started on January 1, 2014. At the end of 2013, RIA of two draft regulatory legal acts was carried out in order to identify difficulties related to the implementation of the RIA procedure. All documents are posted on the official portal of the authorized body at http://dfei.adm-nao.ru/orv.

In accordance with Federal Law No. 176-FZ of 02.07.2013 “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On the General Principles of Organization of Legislative (Representative) and Executive Bodies of State Power of the Subjects of the Russian Federation” and Articles 7 and 46 of the Federal Law “On General Principles of Organization local self-government in the Russian Federation" on the assessment of the regulatory impact of draft regulatory legal acts and the examination of regulatory legal acts" by the law of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug dated 07.10.2013 No. 98-oz "On Amendments to the Law of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug "On Regulatory Legal Acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug » Article 23.1 was introduced, establishing from January 1, 2014 the procedure and procedures for interaction between the executive authorities of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the preparation of draft regulatory legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug as part of the assessment of the regulatory impact of draft regulatory legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug nomnogo okrug (hereinafter referred to as RIA) and examination of normative legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (hereinafter referred to as NLA examination).

Decree of the Administration of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug dated October 30, 2013 No. 382-p "On the implementation of procedures for assessing the regulatory impact of draft regulatory legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the examination of legal acts of the existing regulatory legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug" The Economic Development Department of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug was determined by the executive authority of the Nenets Autonomous district authorized to implement the RIA procedure (hereinafter referred to as the authorized body) and approved the Regulationon the procedure for assessing the regulatory impact of draft regulatory legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the examination of existing regulatory legal acts of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

RIA is carried out in order to identify provisions that introduce excessive obligations, prohibitions and restrictions for business and investment entities or facilitate their introduction, as well as provisions that contribute to the emergence of unreasonable expenses of business and investment entities and the district budget of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

RIA is a set of procedures that allows the developer of regulatory decisions in the process of preparing draft regulatory legal acts to consider the widest possible range of possible regulatory measures, assess the costs and benefits of both the addressees of regulation (entrepreneurs, investors, citizens) and budgets at all levels, eliminate administrative barriers, propose the most effective solution, as well as evaluate its possible consequences.

As part of the implementation of the RIA procedure, the authorized body carries out:

control over the execution of the procedure for conducting the RIA procedure by the bodies - developers of the draft regulatory legal act of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug;

legal, information and methodological support of the RIA procedure;

quality control of the execution of procedures and preparation of opinions on RIA by the bodies developing the draft regulatory legal act of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, including quality control of public consultations;

assessing the actual impact of existing government regulation;

involvement of the business community in the discussion of draft regulatory legal acts as part of the RIA;

conclusion of Agreements on interaction during the RIA between the authorized body and regional associations of entrepreneurs;

preparation of periodic information on the development and results of the RIA procedure in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug;

posting on the official website of the Department of Economic Development of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug on the page "Regulatory Impact Assessment" information on the RIA.

  42 437 ()

0.24 people/km²

Total, at current prices
- Per capita

145.8 billion rubles ()

RUB 3,419 thousand

Northwestern Northern Russian, Nenets Fedorov, Igor Gennadievich 83 RU-NEN MSK (UTC+4)

Nenets Autonomous Okrug(Nen. Nenecie Autonomous Okrug) - a subject of the Russian Federation (as part of the Arkhangelsk region), is part of the North-Western Federal District.

The administrative center of the district is the city of Naryan-Mar (22,375 people). The district was formed on July 15, 1929. It borders Arkhangelsk Oblast to the west, Komi to the south, and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug to the east.

Geographical position

The Nenets Autonomous Okrug is located in the north of the East European Plain, most of it is located above the Arctic Circle. Includes Kolguev and Vaygach islands, Kanin and Yugorsky peninsulas. It is washed by the White, Barents, Pechora and Kara Seas of the Arctic Ocean.

natural conditions

Hydrography

The territory of the district is washed in the west by the waters of the White, in the north of the Barents and Pechora, in the north-east of the Kara Sea, forming numerous bays - bays: Mezenskaya, Cheshskaya, Kolokolkovskaya, Pechora, Khaipudyrskaya and others.

Characterized by a dense river network (an average of 0.53 km per 1 km² of area), an abundance of lakes. The rivers belong to the basins of the seas of the Arctic Ocean, they are mostly flat in nature, and on the ridges they are rapids. It is fed mainly by melted snow waters (up to 75% of runoff). Rain waters are of subordinate importance (15-20% of the runoff), the share of groundwater is 5-10% or practically absent. The distribution of runoff has a pronounced seasonality with summer and winter low water, large spring and insignificant autumn floods. The duration of freeze-up is 7-8 months. The ice thickness reaches 0.7-1.2 m by the end of winter, and small tundra rivers freeze to the bottom.

Among the lakes stand out Golodnaya Guba (186 km²), lake systems: Vashutkinsky, Urdyugsky, Indigsky, etc. Most of the lakes are small with a water surface area of ​​​​up to 3 km² and average depths of 0.5-3 m, less often 4-5 m. The basins of the lakes are mainly of residual glacial and thermokarst origin, in the river valleys there are relict oxbow lakes. Marshes occupy 5-6%, on the coast up to 10-20% of the territory. Their depth is from 0.5 to 2 m. The main types of bogs are: hilly (flat and large-hilly) and upland sphagnum ridge-hollow atmospheric feeding, floodplain lowland ground feeding and transitional sphagnum. The thickness of peat deposits of hilly bogs reaches 3-5 m. Groundwater, with the exception of the area of ​​​​the city of Naryan-Mar, has not been studied enough.

Land resources

As of January 1, the land fund of the district amounted to 17,681,048 hectares. It is divided into the following categories: agricultural land - 16,799.3 thousand hectares (95.01%); lands of settlements - 12.4 thousand hectares (0.07%); lands of enterprises of industry, transport and other non-agricultural purposes - 39.8 thousand hectares (0.23%); land for nature protection - 2.0 thousand hectares (0.01%); reserve land - 827.5 thousand hectares (4.68%). The area of ​​agricultural land (hayfields, pastures, arable land) is 25.9 thousand hectares, or less than 0.15% in the structure of the district's land fund. 847.8 thousand hectares (4.8%) are occupied by forests, 1089.3 thousand hectares (6.2%) are occupied by swamps, 1000.4 thousand hectares (5.66%) are under water. Reindeer pastures account for 13,202.2 thousand hectares (74.67%).

Soils

Depending on the bioclimatic conditions, relief, the nature of parent rocks, the depth of surface waters, the following main types of tundra soils are distinguished: arctic-tundra gleyic, tundra primitive, tundra surface-gley, peat-bog, sod. Tundra podzolized illuvial-humus soils are formed on sandy and sandy soil-forming rocks under conditions of good drainage. Arcto-tundra gleys are found on the island of Vaigach and the coast of the Kara Sea, primitive tundras are found in the upper part of the slopes of Pai-Khoi, tundra surface-gleys, as well as peat-bogs, are widespread throughout the entire district. In the south-west of the district, in the northern taiga subzone, gley-podzolic soils and illuvial-ferruginous-humus podzols are formed.

The soil-forming process is due to low temperatures, short summers, widespread permafrost, waterlogging and develops according to the gley-bog type. Chemical weathering proceeds poorly, while the released bases are washed out of the soil, and it is depleted in calcium, sodium, potassium, but enriched in iron and aluminum. Lack of oxygen and excess moisture make it difficult for plant residues to decompose, which slowly accumulate as peat.

Vegetation

The territory is located in the zones of tundra (76.6%), forest-tundra (15.4%), the southwestern part - in the northern taiga subzone (8%). In the tundra zone, subzones of arctic (4.9%), mountain (3.5%), northern (10.3%), southern (57.9%) tundras are distinguished.

In the Arctic tundra subzone (the coast of the Kara Sea and Vaigach Island), vegetation does not form a continuous cover. Frozen soil, exposed on dry soils from snow by strong winds, cracks, and the surface of the tundra is divided into separate polygons (polygons). The vegetation consists largely of mosses and lichens, herbs: small sedges, grasses, cotton grass, as well as slaty forms of shrubs.

In the subzone of mountain tundra, the main background is created by sedge-lichen associations and creeping shrubs of willow and dwarf birch.

The northern tundra covers the north of the Malozemelskaya tundra, in the Bolshezemelskaya tundra they are confined to large uplands, the southern slopes of the Pai-Khoi ridge. Here, the moss and lichen cover are closed, thickets of dwarf birches and low-growing willows appear. Significant areas are occupied by grass-sedge swamps, in the valleys of rivers and streams there are willows and tundra meadows with abundant multi-species forbs and cereals.

In the subzone of the southern tundra, large areas are covered with thickets of dwarf birch (dwarf birch), as well as various types of willows, wild rosemary, and juniper. Moss and lichen cover is developed, shrubs, forbs, marsh plant complexes are widely represented. In the forest-tundra zone, sparse forest vegetation appears on the watersheds, and in the river valleys and on the southern slopes of the hills, woody vegetation appears in islands: undersized spruce and birch, less often larch, alternating with areas of tundra and swamps.

The northern taiga subzone is characterized by the presence of significant tracts of dense woody vegetation with a predominance of spruce and spruce-birch forests; pine grows along the sandy terraces of rivers and swamps. In the floodplains, areas with impenetrable thickets of various species of willow and alder alternate with sedge bogs and meadows. On tundra meadows and lays, cereals (reed grass, bluegrass, foxtail, red fescue) grow with an admixture of forbs.

More than 600 species of flowering plants, several hundred species of mosses and lichens are found on the territory of the district. In coastal sea waters, macrophytes, which are represented here by algae (about 80 species), are dominated by brown algae, in rivers and flowing lakes - sedge, horsetail and arctophila. Diatoms and blue-green algae dominate in river phytoplankton, while green and diatom algae dominate in lakes.

In the flora, species of the northern groups are widespread, taiga (boreal) species are quite widespread. Among the flowering plants, cereals, cruciferous, sedge, and willows predominate. Under anthropogenic impacts on the vegetation cover of the tundra, shrubs, mosses, and lichens are replaced by grasses that form the secondary vegetation cover. The largest areas with secondary vegetation are found in the Bolshezemelskaya tundra, in the areas of geological exploration and oil and gas production.

There are more than 100 species of cap mushrooms in the district. Their species composition increases in the direction from north to south. In the northern tundra, russula, mossiness mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, dry mushrooms grow from edible ones, aspen mushrooms appear to the south, in the forest tundra and taiga - milk mushrooms, mushrooms, volnushki, white and others.

Animal world

Represented by the inhabitants of the tundra, taiga, arctic deserts. Aquatic invertebrates are numerous: ciliates, phytomonads, oligochaetes, nematodes, rotifers, lower crustaceans, molluscs, etc. The species composition of insects is diverse, a huge number of blood-sucking ones: mosquitoes, midges, gadflies. Of the cyclostomes, lamprey is found. More than 30 species of fish are found in rivers and lakes. From the passage - salmon, omul and others; from semi-anadromous - nelma, whitefish, vendace; from non-water (local) - pike, ide, roach, perch, burbot, peled, grayling and others. In the coastal seas - herring, saffron cod, flounder, polar cod, smelt and others (about 50 species of marine fish).

From amphibians there are grass frog, Siberian salamander, common toad, from reptiles - viviparous lizard. The species composition of birds is diverse - about 160 species, including 110 species of birds nesting in the area. Winters about 20 species. In terms of species richness and abundance, passerines and shorebirds (waders) are most represented - more than 40 species each, and waterfowl - about 30 species. Geese, ducks, as well as ptarmigan, one of the background species of the tundra and forest tundra, are of commercial importance.

There are 31 species of land mammals. The most numerous rodents are lemmings (Siberian and ungulates) and voles (water, housekeeper, Middendorff, narrow-skulled), squirrel is found in the taiga. Of the other groups of mammals, the arctic shrew and mountain hare are common; predators include arctic fox, wolf, fox, wolverine, brown and polar bear, marten, otter, ermine, weasel; of artiodactyls - wild reindeer and elk.

In the coastal seas, marine mammals are found: white whale, North Atlantic porpoise, narwhal, ringed seal, sea hare, gray seal, Atlantic walrus. Among terrestrial mammals, the main fish species are arctic fox, fox, brown bear, marten, otter and elk. Of the marine mammals, only ringed seals and bearded seals continue to be hunted. A number of species are acclimatized in the region. Of the rodents, this is the muskrat, which has spread widely throughout the territory and has been an object of fishing; from fish - sterlet, but its population remained very small. Single specimens of pink salmon acclimatized in the Barents Sea basin come to spawn.

Minerals

The Okrug has large oil and gas reserves, as it is located in the northern part of the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province, which ranks 4th in Russia in terms of oil reserves. 83 hydrocarbon deposits were discovered: 71 oil, 6 oil and gas condensate, 1 gas and oil, 4 gas condensate and 1 gas. Moreover, the depth of hydrocarbons is relatively small, and the physico-chemical properties are high, as a result, the high profitability of most deposits.

There are also deposits of coal, manganese, nickel, copper, molybdenum, gold, diamonds, however, most of the deposits have not been fully explored. Lead-zinc and copper ores have been found on Vaygach Island.

Story

The first human settlements on the territory of the district date back to the 8th millennium BC. e. (paleolithic). There are numerous sites of the Bronze Age (- millennium BC). In the 13th century A.D. e. tribes of unidentified ethnicity lived here, which the Russians knew under the name "Pechera", and the Nenets called "sirtya". This culture includes the Orta settlement, the sanctuaries on the Gnilka River and on the island of Vaygach.

The Lower Pechora and the coast of the Barents Sea were mastered, in addition to Russians (Pomors) and Nenets, also Komi-Zyryans, Komi-Permyaks and Komi-Izhma. In the 18th century, Pomors began to settle on the Kaninsky Peninsula.

By the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of March 2, 1932, the administrative center Nenets National District, Northern Territory, was transferred from the village of Telvisochnoye to the working settlement of Naryan-Mar.

Attractions

  • Administration building of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug in Naryan-Mar.

Protected areas

Settlements

Main article: Settlements of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug

In the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, there is 1 city (Naryan-Mar), 1 urban-type settlement (Iskateley), 42 rural settlements.

Power

Governors and heads of administration

  • Fedorov, Igor Gennadievich since February 24, 2009 .
  • Potapenko, Valery Nikolaevich from June 2, 2008 to February 16, 2009.
  • Barinov, Alexey Viktorovich from February 6, 2005 to July 21, 2006.
  • Butov, Vladimir Yakovlevich from December 13, 1996 to February 17, 2005.
  • Khabarov, Vladimir Viktorovich from March 21, 1996 to December 25, 1996.
  • Komarovsky, Yuri Vladimirovich from November 30, 1991 to February 1996.

Representatives in the State Duma

  • Koshin Igor Viktorovich - powers recognized on February 9, 2012, expire in March 2014
  • Panteleev Alexey Borisovich - powers recognized on July 18, 2009, terminated ahead of schedule from February 9, 2012
  • Akhmedov Farhad Teymurovich - powers recognized on June 6, 2007, terminated on July 18, 2009
  • Konovalova Tatyana Ivanovna - powers were recognized on May 23, 2001, terminated ahead of schedule on July 12, 2005 due to a sudden death.
  • Vyucheisky Vyacheslav Alekseevich, Chairman of the Assembly of Deputies of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug - powers recognized on January 23, 1996, confirmed on December 25, 1996, terminated on May 23, 2001

From the administration of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug - the executive body of state power:

  • Biryukov Yury Stanislavovich - powers recognized on December 22, 2006, confirmed on April 22, 2009, expire in February 2014.
  • Sabadash Alexander Vitalievich - authorities were recognized on June 25, 2003, terminated ahead of schedule on May 26, 2006, remained in office until June 27, 2006.
  • Volkov Yury Nikolaevich - authorities were recognized on January 31, 2002, terminated ahead of schedule from September 26, 2002
  • Butov Vladimir Yakovlevich, head of administration of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug - powers recognized on December 25, 1996, terminated on January 1, 2002
  • Khabarov Vladimir Viktorovich, head of administration of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug - powers recognized on April 10, 1996, terminated on December 25, 1996
  • Komarovsky Yury Vladimirovich, head of administration of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug - powers recognized on January 23, 1996, terminated on March 19, 1996

Mass media

Newspapers

  • Choice of NAO

Television and radio broadcasting

  • GTRK Zapolyarye
  • TV channel Sever

Broadcasting

  • GTRK Zapolyarye
  • Naryan-Mar FM

News agencies

Notes

Links

  • Official website of the administration of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug
  • Nenets National Okrug - Great Soviet Encyclopedia
  • "Law of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug "On the Status, Administrative Centers and Borders of Municipalities of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug""
  • Administrative-territorial division of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug
  • Coats of arms of settlements in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Most of the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is located beyond the Arctic Circle. It includes the islands of Kolguev and Vaigach.

Story

The first scientist to study these lands in 1837 was the Russian botanist Alexander Shrenk. He passed the Pechora, reached the Yugorsky Shar, reached the island, crossed the Pai-Khoi, and from there returned to St. Petersburg through Pustozersk. How difficult it was to do this can be seen from the fact that even a hundred years later, in 1930, the detachment of the geologist Nikolai Iordansky only spent more than two months on the road from Moscow to the mouth of the Vorkuta River, which flows into the Usa.

Pomeranian industrialists often became the organizers of expeditions: for example, Mikhail Sidorov in the middle of the 19th century, who sent his own expedition to Pechora, who discovered that “the coast of the Pechora River is replete with layers of coal lying on the ground in lumps.”

The researchers of the region were not only selfless people, but often disinterested. In 1913, an expedition to the Verkhneusinsk Territory, which included local political exiles, refused to pay their labor for the sake of science. Local guides and workers in Russian expeditions at the beginning of the 20th century. they also did not take payment for work in money, preferring ... salt: there are fish places here, but there is no salt. And today, salt is delivered to Naryan-Mar along the Northern Sea Route.

The area goes to the three seas of the Arctic Ocean. Dunes and coastal ridges stretch along the sea coast, there are ersei: the local name for the hollows of blowing.

Over 3/4 of the territory is occupied by swampy tundra: Bolshezemelskaya, Pechorye and Malozemelskaya (Timanskaya). It grows mainly dwarf birch and moss, in the river valleys - dense thickets of willow, on peat mounds - dwarf birches, a lot of cloudberries and blueberries, mushrooms. But for all that - the dominance of midges, from which both people and animals suffer. The first explorers of the local tundra complained: “You can’t bring a spoon to your mouth, how the soup moves from mosquitoes in it.”

There is an abundance of fish in rivers and lakes, including grayling. There are many birds: tundra and white partridge, various kinds of geese and ducks, swan, snowy owl. Mammals are dominated by reindeer, arctic fox and lemming.

In the extreme northeast there is the Pai-Khoi ridge with mountains over 400 m. The southern regions are occupied by forest-tundra, which is characterized by spruce and larch 3-4 m high with a crown twisted by the north wind. In the far south-west is the taiga, where elk, brown bear, and lynx live. Of the birds, the boreal owl, the three-toed woodpecker, and the hawk owl are characteristic.

There are many small rivers and small thermokarst and glacial lakes in the region.

The main river and main waterway in the tundra, the river is navigable during the summer season. On it to the city of Naryan-Mar - the administrative center of the district - ships rise from the Barents Sea. To protect the rare Arctic flora and fauna in the Pechora Delta, the Nenetsky Nature Reserve has been created.

The Nenets National Okrug itself was formed in 1929.

The development of the region accelerated significantly in the 1970s-1980s, when large deposits of oil and natural gas were discovered, including on the sea shelf.

The population of the district lives mainly near Pechora.

The Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a very rich region, but difficult to access. Everywhere - the tundra, through which cars will pass only in winter, but it was possible to lay a pipeline through it. In the north - the seas of the Arctic Ocean, through which only everything necessary for the life and work of the city can be delivered to Naryan-Mar.

“Naryan-Mar, my Naryan-Mar, the town is not big and not small, near Pechora by the river ...” is sung in a famous song. However, for the Nenets Autonomous Okrug it is almost a metropolis, its significance in the life of the Okrug is enormous.

The settlement of the lands of the current Nenets Autonomous Okrug began no later than 9 thousand years BC. e.: this period includes archaeological finds in the area of ​​the Pymvashor River and the village of Kharuta.

The Nenets belong to the tundra group of this people with migrations to the forest-tundra only in winter and speak the tundra dialect of the Nenets language. The name of the Nenets is a modified self-name "nenets" (person).

The Nenets are one of the Samoyedic peoples: hence the previously common name "Samoyeds". At the beginning of the first millennium, the Samoyeds occupied the forest-steppe regions from the eastern spurs of the Urals to the Sayan Highlands. In II-IV centuries. under the onslaught of nomads - the Huns and Turks - they were forced out into the tundra. The Pechora tribes already lived here, long before the Samoyeds mastered the European North and laid the foundations of the tundra paleoculture. The Samoyeds displaced them or partially assimilated with them.

The process of assimilation was long. To our time, legends about the “siirta” (small tundra natives living underground) have survived, in which they appear as real people, with whom the ancestors of the Nenets fought and started families. Traditions describe them as living in the tundra before the arrival of the Nenets. Most likely, this was the disappeared Pechora tribe, although ufologist enthusiasts consider them as descendants of aliens.

These legends occupy an important place in Nenets mythology. In their view, the earth is motionless, but the sky moves. The universe is divided into three worlds - Upper, Middle and Lower. In the Upper, in the sky, the supreme god Num lives. The middle one is the earth, it is alive, every hill, river and lake has a master - a spirit. The lower one is under the seven layers of permafrost, it is dominated by Na - the spirit of illness and death, the souls of the dead move into it.

At the turn of the XII-XIII centuries. Russian coast-dwellers learned about the Nenets, mastering the European North on kochs - wooden single-masted boats with a straight sail and several pairs of oars.

Then the Novgorod Republic in the period of its highest prosperity included these lands, its extreme eastern borders passed along the Northern Urals.

In 1478, the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III subjugated and included the republic in the Muscovite state. In order to consolidate positions on the extreme northern borders, Ivan III in 1499 ordered the founding of Pustozersk, which became the first Russian city beyond the Arctic Circle (27 km southwest of modern Naryan-Mar). Until 1780, Pustozersk was the administrative, commercial, cultural and religious center of the Pechora region. And also a place of reference. The most famous exile was Archpriest Avvakum, the most prominent leader of the Old Believers. From here, for 14 years, he sent letters to his supporters, cursing the kings and the patriarch, for which he was burned in the hut. In 1620, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich closed the sea route to Siberia for foreign merchants, in the 17th-18th centuries. the devastating raids of the "Kharyuchi" - the Trans-Ural Nenets - became more frequent, the Gorodetsky Shar channel became shallow, which made it difficult to approach the city by water. Since the 18th century Pustozersk gradually lost its importance, in 1924 it lost its city status and was finally abandoned in 1962. In Naryan-Mar and Telvisk, streets were named after Pustozersk.

Naryan-Mar stands in the lower reaches of the Pechora, about 100 km from the Barents Sea. This is the capital and the only city of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, almost 70% of the population lives in it. Naryan-Mar is one of the few cities in the world beyond the Arctic Circle. Winter lasts 240 days a year, the last snow melts at the end of July. For two months a year, in December and January, it plunges into a long polar night. In winter, frosts are up to -45 ° C, in December, the polar lights shimmer over the city with all colors. Translated from the Nenets language, Naryan-Mar means “red city”. The post office building built in 1950 and crowned with a turret in the form of a Nenets plague became the symbol of the polar city.

Naryan-Mar today is an important transport hub of the region, an airport, a trading port on the Northern Sea Route.

general information

Location : north-west of the European part of the Russian Federation, coast of the Arctic Ocean.
Administrative affiliation : Northwestern Federal District.

Administrative division : the city of district subordination of Naryan-Mar, the Zapolyarny district and the urban-type settlement of Iskateley.
Administrative center : Naryan-Mar - 24,535 people (2016).

Educated: 1929
Languages: Russian, Nenets.
Ethnic composition : Russians - 63.31%, Nenets - 17.83%, Komi - 8.61%, Ukrainians - 2.34% (2010).
Religions: orthodoxy, shamanism.
Currency unit : Russian ruble.
Rivers: Pechora, Vizhas, Oma, Sheaf, Pyosha, Wolonga, Indiga, Black, Sea-Yu.
lakes: Vashutkins, Golodnaya Guba, Gorodetskoe, Varsh, Nes.
The airport: federal significance Naryan-Mar.
Neighboring subjects of the Russian Federation and water areas : in the north - the White, Barents and Kara Seas, including the adjacent islands that are not assigned to the jurisdiction of the Arkhangelsk region; in the east - the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, in the south - the Republic of Komi, in the west - the Arkhangelsk region.

Numbers

Square: 176 810 km2.
Length: from north to south - about 315 km and from west to east - more than 900 km.
Population: 43 838 people (2016).
Population density : 0.25 people / km 2.
Urban population : 72.4% (2016).
The length of the sea coastline : about 3000 km.
highest point : 423 m, Mount Moreiz (Wesey-Pe, Pai-Khoi ridge).

Remoteness (Naryan-Mar) : 660 km east of Arkhangelsk, 1501 km northeast of Moscow.

Climate and weather

Subarctic, in the extreme northeast - arctic.
Cool summers, long cold winters.
January average temperature : -12°C in the south, -22°C in the northeast.
July average temperature : +13°С in the south, +6°С in the northeast.
Average annual rainfall : from north to south 370-500 mm.
Average annual relative humidity : from south to north 75-85%.

Economy

GRP: 183.7 billion rubles (2014), per capita - 4,252,400 rubles. (2016).
Minerals : oil, natural gas, coal, fluorite, iron, manganese, titanium, diamonds, peat, building materials, mineral springs.
Industry: oil refining, timber (lumber), food (fish processing, butter, meat processing plant).

Seaport of Naryan-Mar.
Agriculture : animal husbandry (reindeer breeding, fur cage fur farming), plant growing (potatoes, vegetables, turnips).
Sea fishing and sea fur hunting.
Traditional crafts : tailoring of cloaks, production of souvenirs.
Services sector: tourist, transport (including shipping on the Pechora), trade.

Attractions

Natural

    Kolguev and Vaygach Islands

    Kara meteorite crater

    Lake Golodnaya Guba

Nenets Autonomous Okrug

This area of ​​European Russia is the northeastern end of the NWFD. NAO is a subject of this district, but is also part of. On the western border, it borders on the rest of it, on the south - with, on the east - with. In the north, the NAO is surrounded by islands, also belonging to the Arkhangelsk region.

This patch is called "the most sparsely populated place in Russia."

One of the northernmost corners of our Motherland began to be settled by people as early as the 8th millennium BC. An unknown people inhabited this territory until the 10th century BC. In the Iron Age, the first reindeer herders came here. Their ethnicity has also not been established. Only in the 5th century AD, the Sirtya people appeared on the scene. This was the name of the clans of the Nenets, who migrated here in the 8th century. The Russians called Sirtya the word "pechera" - in honor of the river of the same name.

Pechera in the 9th century already paid tribute to Russia. This was during the time of her cohabitation with the Nenets. About the mysterious disappeared nation, only what the Nenets themselves told us in their legends is known. It was as if the Sirts had dissolved in the Samoyed invaders, who densely populated the regions of polar Europe adjacent to Asia ... The Nenets themselves also came from Siberia - they are a kindred people for the same Samoyeds (they speak the same language with them, have a common folklore). The Nenets and Samoyeds occupy the largest (after the Finno-Ugric) territory in the world - from the Gulf of Ob (and north of it to the Yenisei) in the east to the Onega River in the west. In relation to the south-north, this language group occupies the zone of the subpolar taiga and the tundra located to the north of it.

The Nenets and Samoyeds entered Russian history under the name Samoyeds. The Nenets and Samoyeds themselves called themselves "neneynits" - "a real man." Therefore, already in Soviet times, the population of the present NAO was called "Nenets". It was only in the 13th-15th centuries that the Novgorod Republic succeeded in finally conquering the non-neinits. After Novgorod went to Moscow (in 1478), the Nenets became part of the Muscovite state.

At the very beginning of the 16th century, Prince Semyon Kurbsky (voivode, who began his service under Ivan III) organized a paramilitary expedition to Pechora and laid the administrative center here - Pustozersk (now it does not exist). After 200 years, Pomors appeared here (specifically, on the Kaninsky Peninsula) - the descendants of the "Arctic" colonists from the Novgorod Land. The further history of the region is a joint biography of these disappearing peoples.

Since the 19th century, their land has been part of the Mezen and Pechersk districts of the Arkhangelsk province. In Soviet times, permanent settlements appeared here. One of them is the former settlement of Beloshchelsky, the center of the Northern Shipping Company. Later it became the village of Telvisochny, and in 1932 it turned into the working settlement of Naryan-Mar. Here the heads of the so-called tundra councils gathered - electoral districts of the land that was not built up with villages, now called the Zapolyarny municipal district. On the contrary, Naryan-Mar developed as a city (now it is an urban district that has subjugated hundreds of kilometers of the south). Not a single war came here. In this city and its environs, wood has been sawn for more than a century - a sawmill at the mouth of the Pechora was built in 1892 (and the idea itself arose even after the Kruzenshtern expedition - in the 1860s).

Today, this part of European Russia is a land controlled by various bodies of the government of the Arkhangelsk region. It consists of the 1st urban district and the 1st municipal district.

Relief and climate Nenets Autonomous Okrug

This section of the Arkhangelsk region is its eastern half. It is located on the coast of the White Sea, occupying the territory from the Cheshskaya Bay to the Baydaratskaya Bay.

The relief and climate of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is typical for the entire polar north of our country. The weather here is subarctic, turning on the coast into temperate maritime. The relief is predominantly flat - only the Pai Khaoi Ridge and the Timan Ridge protrude. Bolshezemelskaya and Malozemelskaya tundra are swampy.

The relief and climate of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug explain the specifics of the local natural conditions. In January, the average temperature ranges from minus 3 degrees on the shores of the White Sea to minus 22 degrees in the southeast. The maximum temperature can be minus 31 degrees. In July, the normative indicator is 8 degrees of heat on the coast and 16 degrees in the southeast. Precipitation is only 350 mm. in year. For these places, polar day and night, as well as permafrost, are considered normal.

The special relief and climate of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug explain the birth of three vegetation zones. Only 8% of the southwest lies on the territory of continuous forest (taiga). 15.5% of this corner of Russia is forest-tundra (where rare pines and dwarf birches turn into shrubs in the north). 76.5% of the region is solid tundra (frozen soil where only grass, moss and lichen grow). In its southern subzone, one can still find dwarf birch, wild rosemary and northern juniper. But in the Malozemelskaya and Bolshezemelskaya parts, only grass grows. Only at the extremity of small (facing to the sea) mountains there are thickets of shrubs, and to the south - dwarf birch.

As a result, the urban district of Naryan-Mar, surrounded by taiga forest, is better populated.

Roads - Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The region communicates with the Vaigach and Bolshaya Zemlya islands of the rest of the NWFD (by water).

The roads of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug are two road directions. The first connects Ukhta and Usinsk (cities of the Komi Republic) with the Nenets river Kharayakha. The second highway is of local importance - from the center of Naryan-Mar it leads the traveler to the Shapkina River. It is called the Laya-Vozhskaya road and passes through all the settlements to the southeast of Naryan-Mar - from the Village of Seekers to the distant camp of geologists (near the Shapkin River).

The remaining roads of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug are the so-called winter roads (strips of snow compacted and plundered by graders). They are preserved only at sub-zero temperatures.

Tundra Nenets (Khasova) are able to move along animal paths on reindeer teams (they breed huge herds of deer here).

The winter roads of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug connect all corners of the Okrug inhabited by the settled population with Naryan-Mar. They can also be used to get to the more southern lands - the regions of the Komi Republic. But Naryanmar residents fly to the tundra and to the east, for the most part, on small planes or helicopters.

Naryan-Mar is a river port. From here, along the Pechora River, you can go to the White Sea (only in rare navigable months). Frozen crossings serve as bridges across reservoirs for residents of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. These are artificially "poured" strips of additional ice.

The capital has an airport designed for small aircraft. From the Naryan-Mar terminal you can fly to Ukhta or Arkhangelsk (sometimes even to St. Petersburg, Murmansk and Moscow). And in good weather it is possible to get to any place in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug by local planes and helicopters.

Leisure - Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The spheres of tourism inherent in this region are extreme and local history. On the territory of the district, a person learns his countless abilities related to survival in the conditions of the Far North, and also gets acquainted with the culture of the original local population.

Rest in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is, first of all, a dynamically developing extreme direction called Arctic tourism. Its development is the merit of recognized Russian schools of survival. Snowmobile and dog sled tours are just one of the offerings.

Local history recreation in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is organized by a certain number of tour operators that directly cooperate with local governments. The direction is associated with a visit to 10 protected protected areas, where the ancient economic structure of the Nenets has been preserved, as well as the cultural institutions of Naryan-Mar. This list includes 16 museums (2 state ones), as well as dozens of traveling exhibitions that immerse guests of the Russian north into the world of Nenets crafts. Among the listed establishments, three are the most popular with group tourists - the district museum of local lore, the Ethnocultural Center of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, and an exposition dedicated to the life of the Pomeranian population.

It remains to be added that recreation in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is also summer rafting on numerous rivers (16 port points on various reservoirs of the Okrug are at the service of watermen), fishing for a variety of local fish, as well as hunting for northern animals that have long disappeared in more southern regions of our country.

In the future, the Committee for Tourism of the Arkhangelsk Region is to continue organizing seasonal car races "Naryan-Mar - Ukhta" on difficult winter roads.

Outdoor recreation in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Leisure in various recreations of this administrative unit, located more than 1500 km. from Moscow, can be anyone. Outdoor recreation in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is associated with organized tours to reindeer herders' nomad camps (an expensive pleasure regarding helicopter travel), and even independent trips to the reserves of a distant Russian province.

4 specially protected natural zones (Vaigach Island, Nizhne-Pechorsky, Shoinsky and Pustozersky reserves) can only be accessed with the help of special vehicles. The reserves "More Yu", "Canyon Big Gate", "Stone City", "Pym-Va-Shor" work by prior arrangement with guides who gather groups.

As mentioned, outdoor recreation in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug can be arranged on your own. The Nenets National Park is the most accessible for the ordinary tourist. In fact, the conversation is about 2 autonomous protected areas - natural and zoological reserves. This is a characteristic section of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra, located in the middle reaches of the river with the mysterious name More-Yu. The "business card" of the location is a relic spruce woodland and rare inhabitants of the northern tundra. In the height of summer, you can camp here with tents - it is quite picturesque on the Seashore. Do not just forget about the terrible insects and the peculiarities of temperature fluctuations.

Thinking about outdoor recreation in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, you should know that in summer it is more convenient to travel here by small water transport (rivers and bays are freed from ice), and in winter - by car with winter tires (driving on winter roads). The Ministry of Emergency Situations does not recommend citizens to go along the winter road in conditions of poor visibility - it is quite easy to lose its edge and drive into the wilds.

Tourism - Nenets Autonomous Okrug

As you know, tourism in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is primarily organized tours of water ("summer") and winter ("Arctic") extreme sports.

Rafting expeditions begin at the end of June, when the water on the rivers has already warmed up enough to not catch a cold if you fall into it. Kayakers use such water "highways" as the Pechora, its 3 channels, Kuya and Gorodetskaya (the latter is convenient because it crosses the urban district itself). After all, they all pass near Naryan-Mar and the local "road of life" - the Naryan-Mar highway - the Shapkina River. The Shapkina River itself is navigable for boats and rafts, but to swim far along it means dangerously alienating yourself from civilization and at risk of being in the middle of unexplored swamps.

"Arctic" tourism in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is attractive for fans of snowmobiles, as well as dog and reindeer teams. As for the last two modes of transport, tour operators, together with the local population, make traveling on them a completely affordable tourist product. On different segments of the mini-winter roads, participants in the races (sometimes they have the form of competitions) are waiting for wintering huts. However, between these travelers, the Arctic wanderer can only rely on himself. In his backpack, he should have only the most necessary - that which can save his life in an emergency.

Tourism in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug can be limited for cautious people to a trip only around the urban district of Naryan-Mar. However, here you can find interesting places for yourself - to see ancient architecture, climb caves, take a walk for mushrooms between the swampy lakes Solovyovskoe, Bezymyannoye and Molodezhnoye. In bad weather, a traveler can always hide here in the southern outlying villages.

Hunting and fishing - Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Fishing in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Good fishing in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is possible everywhere. The most attractive for anglers are the wide mouths of large rivers and their large tributaries - Pechora (lower reaches 220 kilometers long, has several channels), Vizhas, Oma, Sheaf, Pesha, Volonga, Indiga, Chernaya and More-Yu. Reservoirs passing through the ridges are sometimes rapids. The duration of freeze-up is from 7 to 8 months. The ice has the greatest thickness of 1.2 meters. In these rivers, fans of northern travels can catch grayling, salmon, and whitefish. It will not do, of course, without pike and perch.

Fishing in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is associated with numerous lakes, always connected by deep eriks. The most significant of these reservoirs are Golodnaya Guba, Gorodetskoe, Varsh and Nes. Some lakes are systems. These include Vashutkinskoye, Urdyugskoye, Indigskoye and many others. Here the fishermen go to hunt for omul and nelma.

It should be borne in mind that fishing in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is also an exit to the mouth of the Pechora - to the nearest bay of the White Sea. And here you can already catch just giant representatives of the ichthyofauna - whitefish, navaga, huge cod. There are also herring, salmon and catfish.

It makes no sense to limit fishing activities here - there are almost no people in the area. Tourists are also rare guests. In general, nature still dominates in this patch of the East European Plain. Only a small part of it is protected from a person. However, several fish are still listed in the local Red Book. This list includes nelma, river eel, whitefish, common sculpin, as well as all types of whales and minke whales.

Hunting in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Hunting in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is an exciting activity that can be done all year round (it is worth remembering who and when you can hunt, as well as studying local rules).

Commercial hunting in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is limited to 7 hunting bases. As for hunting farms, there are also less than 10 of them in the district.

In the east of the Nenets Okrug there is a place called by scientists "an earthly paradise for birds." Birds come here every spring from all nearby regions. All flying wanderers are drawn to the river Yabtoyakha, familiar from adolescence (in Nenets, this expression means “goose river”). Everyone who came here is still shocked by the quantity and variety of waterfowl on its hospitable shores. The “king” of local birds is the wild goose, which is respected by hunters. The nearby village - Karatayka - can shelter hunters for several days.

Hunting in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug prohibits the hunting of several species of terrestrial mammals and birds listed in the local Red Book. These are brown ear bat, Brandt's night bat, flying squirrel and polar bear, as well as large bittern, white gull, all representatives of hawks and ducks, gray shrike, peregrine falcon, falcon, hobby falcon, gyrfalcon and all breeds of owls and hoards. Of the loons, only the white-billed loon is a rare animal.

Wild reindeer is allowed to be shot only from October 1 to the end of February. Other ungulates can be hunted from 20 August to the end of January. They go out to bear only after receiving a huntsman's briefing - from mid-August to the end of February. Various furs are available here from July to February (hare - from September 25 to the end of February). Production is strictly limited. Forest game is a rarity, and tundra - swamp-meadow - can be shot from August to November.

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