The indefinite pronouns some and any in English are used when we are talking about a small number of objects or substances.

Some(local someone, some, a certain amount, a little) and any(loc. any, anyone, anyone, anything) are combined with all nouns, both in the singular and in the plural. As a rule, they play the role of an attribute to a noun. The article is not used in this case.

Most often, some is used in affirmative sentences, and any is used in negative and interrogative sentences.

Let's take a closer look at the use cases of some and any in the table below:

SOME	ANY
In affirmative sentences: He asked me some questions. He asked me several questions. Some of the students have already passed the exam. Some students have already passed the exam.	In affirmative sentences meaning "any": You can get this book at any shop. You can buy this book in any store.
In general questions, when we are sure of the answer "yes": You are crying. Have you got something in your eye? You cry. Did you get something in your eye? In general questions, when is it more of a request or suggestion: Will you have some tea? Will you have (some) tea? Can I have some coffee? Can I have (some) coffee?	For general questions: Have you bought any sugar? Did you buy (any) sugar?
For special questions: Where can I buy some flowers? Where can I buy flowers?
	In conditional sentences: If there are any British magazines in the shop, tell me at once. If there are any British magazines in the shop, let me know right away.
In the meaning of "approximately" before numerals: There were some 30 people in the room. There were about 30 people in the room.
In negative (as well as in conditional negative) sentences in the meaning of "some", "not all": I haven't found some books for the seminar. I need them badly. I didn't find some books for the seminar. I really need them. If I don't find some magazines she will get angry with me. If I don't find some magazines, she'll be mad at me.	In negative sentences with the words "not" and "never": I haven't any books on art. I don't have art books. I have never seen anything of this kind. Never seen anything like it.
In negative sentences, neither some nor any are placed after "no": I have no books of this kind at home. I don't have these books at home. To express negation without the “not” particle, the words “nobody” and “nothing” are used: Nobody is here. Nobody's here.

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The meaning of indefinite pronouns and their translation into Russian depends on the sentence in which they are used: in the affirmative, interrogative or negative.

1. a) Some a few, some used in affirmative sentences, for example:

b) When the pronoun-adjective some (meaning some amount) stands before an uncountable noun, replacing the article, it is not translated into Russian.

Some before the numeral matters approximately, approx.

Some is sometimes used before countable nouns in the singular with the meaning of some.

c) The noun pronoun some translates some of, followed by a definition introduced by the preposition of.

2. Any is used:

a) In affirmative sentences with the meaning of any, any before countable nouns in the singular. For example:

b) In conditional sentences with the meaning of some. For example:

c) In negative sentences with the meaning of none. For example:

d) With uncountable nouns or when you need to replace them. In this case, the word any is usually not translated into Russian. For example:

Any of translates any of. For example:

With a noun, only the pronoun no (and not not any) is used as the subject, which is translated into Russian none, none.

None is used instead of the already mentioned noun.

None as a noun pronoun with the definition introduced by the preposition of, translates none of:

Derived words from the indefinite pronouns some, any and the negative pronoun no

The pronouns some, any, no, as well as the pronoun avery each occur with the words thing thing, body person, one someone, were where, where.
With negative pronouns and adverbs, there can be two options for constructing an English sentence. For example:

In negative sentences, if available no, nothing, nobody, no one, none, nowhere the verb is put in the affirmative form, since there should not be two negatives in the sentence. For example:

Table of derivative words from some, any, no, every

Pronouns	+thing	+ body +one	+where	Used
Some some some some some any any any	something something anything anything	somebody someone someone anyone anyone anyone everyone, everything	somewhere somewhere somewhere somewhere somewhere anywhere everywhere everywhere	in an affirmative sentence
not any = no	not … anything = nothing nothing nothing	not … anybody = nobody no one none	not … anywhere = nowhere nowhere nowhere	in a negative sentence
any? any?	anything? something? anything?	anybody? someone? anyone?	anywhere? somewhere? somewhere? somewhere? somewhere?	in an interrogative sentence
every everyone any	every = thing	everybody everyone	everywhere everywhere everywhere	in all three types of offers

Notes: 1. In negative sentences, only nobody, no one, and nothing are used as the subject.

2. After the pronouns nobody, nothing, anybody (in the affirmative sentence), anything, no one, somebody, something, everything, everybody the verb is put in the 3rd person singular.

Everything is ready.	Everything is ready.
Anybody knows this.	Everyone knows this.

3. The English word every as an adjective in English-Russian dictionaries is translated by the Russian word every. The derived words everybody, everyone are also given in the meanings everyone, everyone (person).
In order to comply with the stylistic norms of Russian speech, it is not uncommon to combine the word every with a noun (every effort, every action) can be translated into the Russian word all (all efforts).
In this case, the predicate of the English sentence, expressed in the personal form of the verb in the singular, is transmitted by the Russian verb in the plural form:

Every action was aimed at…	All actions were directed on the…
His work was useful for everybody.	His work was useful to everyone.

Indefinite pronouns indicate an indefinite subject, object or person, as well as a small amount. In English, this group includes some, any with their derivatives. Despite the same translation - “some, some, a little, a few, some, some”, they have differences in the rules of use.

Some

Used mainly in affirmative sentences, special questions, and requests and suggestions. In general questions, the same thing can be used when it is necessary to emphasize a small amount of something especially strongly.

Any

It is used, as a rule, in negative phrases, general questions. In questions requiring a yes/no answer, in conditional sentences. It is also used in affirmative sentences, but in the sense of "any, no matter what."

Comparative use of the pronouns some and any

The main difference lies in the types of statements in which these pronouns are used.

No homework. Without teeth. Without textbooks

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Any used

• For general questions.
  • Will there be any people in the room? Will there be any people in the room?
• For negations (together with particle not)
  • There were not any dogs in the garden. — There were no dogs in the garden.
• In affirmative sentences, it can be used when it is important to emphasize that "it does not matter which, any"
  • You could find these flowers in any forest. You can find these flowers in any forest.
  • Parents may return at any time. — Parents can return at any time.
  • What kind of tea do you drink? Any will be ok. — What tea do you drink? Anyone will do.
• Since any is used in negative constructs, it will also be used after having a negative , such as:
  • Hardly, scarcely(hardly, hardly)
  • Never(never)
  • Without(- without, and when it is followed by the fourth / ing form of the verb, then “without doing something”)
  • Seldom, rarely(rarely, infrequently, occasionally)
  • (little, little)

Both of these pronouns can be translated into Russian, or their meaning is conveyed descriptively with the preservation of meaning.

For example, it usually remains without translation when it is used with uncountable nouns, but the meaning means “a little, a certain amount, some”.

you give me some tea, please?

Could you pour me some tea, please.

Important Notes

Used with uncountable nouns, some means only a certain amount, a part, and not the whole.

For comparison:

• Lend me some money for shopping. — Lend me some money for shopping.
• Give me the money, or I`ll shoot! — Give me money (everything you have), otherwise I'll shoot!

It is also worth considering that when using indefinite pronouns with countable nouns, it is no longer necessary to put.

• Where are the textbooks? – Some are on the table.- Where are the textbooks? - They (some) are on the table.
• I need some food. Please give me some. — I need some food. Please give me food.

If the pronoun some is used in relation to a certain set of persons or objects in the meaning, then the preposition of is placed after it, and the definite article the, or a possessive / demonstrative pronoun, is required before the subsequent noun. Derivatives from indefinite pronouns are not used in this construction.

Some of our guests late. Some of our guests were late.
Some of the apples were already eaten. Some apples have already been eaten.

Derivatives of some and any

some and any form derivatives with the suffixes "thing, body, one, where, when".

• something, anything- “something, anything, anything”, when it comes to inanimate objects and objects
• somebody, someone; anyone, anyone"someone, anyone, anyone, anyone, someone" are used with respect to animate nouns, i.e. people
• somewhere, anywhere- “somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, everywhere, nowhere”, i.e. relative to the location

In the use of derivatives, one should be guided by the same rules as for the original pronouns.

Pronouns in any language are used to refer to things so as not to name them every time. Agree, it is impossible to point to something, constantly mentioning the name of an object or a proper name. Pronouns come to our aid. In English, they are divided into personal, possessive, reflexive and indefinite.

What are indefinite pronouns?

These in English include some, any, no and their derivatives. Depending on their meaning and place in the sentence, forms formed using the words body, thing, one, where can be used. For example, somebody, anything, none, somewhere. The rule for using pronouns in English is very simple, and after a little practice, as a rule, it does not cause any problems for language learners. The pronouns some, any no, despite the fact that at first glance they only mean “some”, “any” (and in Russian there is no particular difference between these words). In English, there is a clear definition of when one or another pronoun should be used.

Rule for the use of pronouns

The basic rule for using some, any, no depends on the type of sentences: some will only occur in affirmative sentences; any - in questions and negations; no - in negative if there is no direct negation. It may not be clear yet, but in reality the rule is easy to remember. If we consider examples of use, it becomes extremely clear how to correctly insert pronouns into sentences.

Consider how to use some, any, no correctly. The rule is better understood if practiced simultaneously with examples.

Some or any?

Some in statements:

1. With plural countable nouns: There are some pictures in the book. - The book has several pictures.. There are some kinder gardens in this district. - There are several kindergartens in the area. I can see some girls in the garden I can see some girls in the garden.
2. With uncountable nouns: I bought some milk. - I bought some milk. I'd like some water, please. - I would like some water please. After dinner he drank some juice. - After dinner he drank some juice.

In these cases, the pronoun is translated as a few, a little, some.

Any should be used in interrogative sentences and negatives: I didn't buy any eggs. - I didn't buy eggs. We haven't got any milk. - We don't have milk. Are there any pictures in this store? - Are there any pictures in this magazine?

If you want to politely offer something to someone, use some. For example: Would you like some coffee? - Would you like some coffee?

Of the pronouns some, any, no, according to the rule, only any can be used in questions, but here there is an exception: the pronoun some can take place in a question if this question is special and contains some kind of request: Can Paul bring some coffee? - Could Paul bring some coffee?

Each rule has some caveats. So when using some, any, no, there is an exception to the rule:

• The pronoun any should be used if we are talking about some person or object (in this case, it doesn’t matter which one specifically) from an indefinite number of the same objects: I haven’t got any paper. - I don't have paper. This example does not refer to any particular paper.
• In sentences with barely, except, hardly, little, never, no longer, no sooner, rarely, scarcely, seldom, unfortunately, without, avoid, deny, fail, forbid, object, prevent, prohibit, refuse, reject, the pronoun some is used instead of any.
• Indefinite pronouns beginning with any are used in sentences beginning with if and are not used as a subject in negative sentences: If anybody would like to attend the presentation, it can be arranged.

Pronoun no. Negative with affirmative verbs

You can use the pronoun no only in negative sentences, if there is no direct negation: There is no flowers in our garden - There are no flowers in our garden. In this sentence, the verb is in the affirmative form, while the sentence itself has a negative meaning.

The pronouns some, any, no usually have a clear definition when used. But we must remember that the pronouns any and no are interchangeable. "How?" - you ask. One thought in English can be expressed in both affirmative and negative form. Let's look at an example:

I haven't any book in my room

I have no book in my room.

Both sentences are translated and have the same meaning - There are no books in my room.

Both sentences sound grammatically correct. And they are translated into Russian in the same way.

Translation of pronouns into Russian

If the countable noun is in the plural, then the pronoun is translated by the words some, several, some. If the noun is in the singular, then you can use the words some, some. Uncountable nouns can be translated into Russian with words a little and some.

One of the translation options depends on the presence of the preposition of after the pronoun, which in this case translates into Russian “any of”, “any one from”:

Some of you have to go to the shop - one of you should go to the store.

Did you taste any of these cakes? - have you tried any of these cakes?

In the following case, the pronoun some can be translated as "part of something":

Some of the milk was used in baking - part of the milk was used in baking.

Derivatives from indefinite pronouns

Indefinite pronouns have their derivatives, which, depending on the combination with other nouns, can be used in a very wide variety of sentences.

Derivatives can be applied to animate and inanimate objects, places. The pronoun some can be applied to animate objects in two word forms: somebody - translates as anyone, and someone - can be translated as someone.

Despite the fact that derivatives of indefinite pronouns are used with singular verbs, the pronouns that replace them are plural: they, them, their or themselves. Someone has forgotten their umbrella, haven't they?

Examples of the use of derivatives from pronouns:

• in affirmative sentences. I'd like something to drink. - I'd like a drink. She asked somebody to help her. - She asked someone to help her.

If the countable noun is in the plural, then the pronoun is translated by the words some, a few, some. If the noun is singular, you can use the words some, some. Uncountable nouns can be translated into Russian with words Little and some.

One of the translation options depends on the presence of the preposition of after the pronoun, which in this case is translated into Russian any of, any of:

Some of you have to go to the shop. - One of you should go to the store.

Did you taste any of these cakes? - Have you tried any of these pastries?

The use of some, any, no in English is very diverse; it is also translated into Russian in different combinations.

In the case below, the pronoun some can be translated as part of something: Some of the milk was used in baking. - Some of the milk was used in baking.

• in negative sentences. The question was so difficult that no one could answer. - The question was so difficult that no one knew the answer. She asked nobody to help her. - She didn't ask anyone to help her.
• In questions. Is there anything to eat in the house? - Houses there is what- someday eat? Did you go anywhere on the weekend? - Did you go somewhere for the weekend?

If you want to speak like a true Englishman, you need to constantly practice your skills and theoretical knowledge. The rules for the pronouns some, any, no with the help of exercises are improved and remembered much more efficiently.

To do this, you can test yourself and make some examples. In this exercise, you need to correctly use indefinite pronouns in the correct form:

There are … buses today and I can’t go shopping. Please don't offer her … chips. Are there …newspapers on the table? Do you like some apples? My sister doesn't like … carrots. Do you want … milk in your tea? There is … ham on the table. There is … tea in the cup: the cup is empty.

If you are sure that you are using pronouns correctly, you can proceed to the task of using derived pronouns:

I know there is … wrong with my computer (something). I could hear …: it was quite noisy (nothing). Give me … to drink (something). Is there …that you want to tell me (anything)? What do you want to eat? - I'm not hungry. Don't tell … about it (anyone). Is there ..in the office (anybody)? I saw … in the bus today who looked like me (somebody). Has … in this group got a dictionary (anybody)?

Pronouns and their derivatives are very often used both in written and in oral colloquial form. Therefore, if you have done the above exercises for using some, any, no correctly, you can safely show off your knowledge of indefinite pronouns.