non-verbal semiotics. Non-verbal semiotics and its significance in business and intercultural communication

Connection

125267, Russia, Moscow, st. Chayanova 15, Russian State University for the Humanities (RGGU), Institute of Linguistics (until 1999 - Faculty of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics), Department of the Russian Language; tel. 7 (495) 259 - 6560 (dean's office), 7 (495) 250 - 6446 (department of the Russian language).

Field of activity

General linguistics, general semiotics, non-verbal semiotics, theory of the Russian language, logical analysis of natural language, teaching the Russian language, methods of teaching linguistics and mathematics at school and university.

Education

Ranks

teacher-methodologist (the highest teaching title in Russia) since 1991 (14 - the highest - pedagogical category);
candidate of philological sciences (since 1980),
Doctor of Philology since 2000,
professor (since 2000).

teaching

Lectures and seminars

Kyiv University, Ukraine, 1990, 2004; summer schools at the Russian State University, Russia, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1999 - 2005 (lectures and seminars); lectures and seminars at the (spring) school: linguistics and related disciplines, Pazardzhik, Bulgaria, 1990; University of Rochester, USA, State of New York, Russian language teaching and lectures in linguistics and related sciences, winter semester 1991-1992; Ann Arbor (Michigan, USA) - 1996 and 1997, Klagenfurt (Austria) -2003, lectures at the Technical University of Berlin (Germany) (1998), lectures in France (1999) , 2002), lectures in Germany (Frankfurt am Main, Jena, Tübingen, etc. - 2000), in Finland (Helsinki, Tampere - 2004, 2005, 2006), lectures for teachers and students in Moscow and the Moscow region (from 1989 to the present).

Teaching experience: 27 years.
Total work experience: 42 years (including 5 years of study at Moscow State University).

Reading courses

university

high school

introduction to linguistics and semiotics; mathematics, language and mathematics in their interaction; semiotics of culture, Russian language.

Membership

International Sign Society, International Pragmatic Association, International Association of Slavic Cognitivists, Russian Semiotic Society, Moscow Linguistic Society, Expert Council of the Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation (RGHF), Expert Council of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), Academic Council of the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian State University for the Humanities (RGGU), Doctoral Dissertation Council at the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian State Humanitarian University.

Work

Researcher at the Semiotics Department of the Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of the USSR Academy of Sciences (VINITI) (1969 - 1981). Teacher of a secondary school, gymnasium and lyceum (from 1982 to the present). Senior Lecturer, then Associate Professor of the Russian State University for the Humanities (RGGU) - from 1982 to the present). Professor of the Department of the Russian Language at the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian State University for the Humanities - from 2002 to the present.

Sphere of scientific activity

Some scientific and scientific-methodical publications for 2002–2007

Eye gestures and visual communicative behavior // Works on cultural anthropology: In memory of Grigory Alexandrovich Tkachenko. M.: publishing house "Eastern Literature" and "Ant". 2002, 236 - 251, 0.7 p.s.
Female and male non-verbal interactive behavior (intercultural aspect) (article) // Gender-Forschung In Der Slawistik. Beitrage der Konferenz Gender - Sprache - Kommmunikation - Kultur. 28 Aspril bis 1 May 2001. Institut für Slawistik. Friedrich Schiller-Universität Jena. Wiener Slawistischer Almanach. Sonderband 55. 2002, 55 – 68, 0.6 p.s.
Dictionary of Russian sign language in its comparison with other sign dictionaries (article). Semiosis Lexicographica, X, Warszawa, 2002, 27–45, 1.2 pp.
Non-verbal behavior of people in business communication (article) // "Computer Linguistics and Intelligent Technologies". Proceedings of the International Seminar Dialogue "2002 (Protvino, June 6 - 11, 2002). In two volumes (edited by A.S. Narignani). V.1. Theoretical problems. M .: "Nauka", 2002, 227 - 240, 0.6 p.l.
Ethics and etiquette in nonverbal signs ("Ethics and etiquette in nonverbal signs" (article)) // Linguistic lawlessness. Sat. articles on the 70th anniversary of the birth of A.I. Kuznetsova (compiled by T.B. Agranat, O.A. Kazakevich; under the general editorship of A.E. Kibrik). M.: Publishing House of Moscow State University, 2002, 310 – 320, 1 pp.
Units and categories of paralinguistics in their relation to kinesics (article) // Languages of the World. Typology. Uralistics. In memory of T. Zhdanova. Articles and memoirs (compiled by V.A. Plungyan, A.Yu. Urmanchieva). M .: "Indrik", 2002, 55 - 72, 0.7 p.l.
Non-verbal semiotics (monograph). M .: "New Literary Review", 2002, 25 p.
Men and Women in Dialogue I: Nonverbal Gender Stereotypes (article) // Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Technologies. Proceedings of the International Conference Dialogue" 2003, June 11 - 16, 2003. Moscow: "Nauka", 2003, 337 - 345, 0.7 p.p.
Rumors, gossip, rumor - harmony and disorder (article) (co-author M.V. Samokhin) // Logical analysis of language. Space and Chaos (under the editorship of N.D. Arutyunova and T.E. Yanko). M .: Languages of Russian culture, 2003, 1.5 / 0.75 p.
Russian Gestures and Russian Phraseology I (types of lexical information and the structure of lexical entries in the Dictionary of Russian gestures.) (article) // R. Posner (ed.) Body, Sign, Culture (Proceedings of The International Symposium on The Semantics and Pragmatics of Everyday Gestures). Berlin, 2003, 1.2 p.p.
The Semantics and Pragmatics of Russian Gestures: Acts of Touching and Russian Verbs of Touching (article) // Gestures: meaning and use. Papers for the First International Conference on Gestures: Gesture, Meaning and Use. Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Oporto, Portugal, 2003, 1.3 p.l.
Non-verbal etiquette: non-verbal greetings and farewells (article) // Moscow Linguistic Journal, vol. 7, no. 2, 2003, 53-66, 0.8 p.p.
Non-verbal greetings and farewells (semiotic acts and gestures) (article) // Aspects of the study of sounding speech. Collection of scientific papers for the anniversary of Elena Andreevna Bryzgunova. M.: Publishing House of Moscow State University, 2004, 323 - 334, 0.8 pp.
The Body in Russian and Russian Sign Language I: Representation of Shoulders in Different Semiotic Codes (article) (co-author A.B. Letuchy) // International Congress of Russian Language Researchers. Russian language: historical fate and modernity. Proceedings and materials. Moscow, Moscow State University, March 18 – 21, 2004, 121 – 122, 0.3/0, 15 p.s.
Linguistic conceptualization of body parts in Russian (on the example of shoulders) (article), (co-author A.B. Letuchy). // Secret meanings: Word. Text. Culture. Sat. articles in honor of N.D. Arutyunova (responsible editor Yu.D. Apresyan). M .: "Languages of Russian Culture", 2004, 128 - 136, 0.6 / 0.3 pp.
Non-verbal elements in the speech of Russian emigrants in Finland (article) // Genre of interview: Features of Russian oral speech in Finland and St. Petersburg (Collection of articles edited by M. Leinonen). Slavjanskaja filologija. Slavica Tamperensia VI. Tampere (Finland), 2004, 0.8 p.
Verbal and non-verbal acts of encouragement (article) // Semantics and pragmatics of language units. Collection of works for the 45th anniversary of scientific and pedagogical activity of O.P. Ermakova (responsible editor A.N. Eremin). Kaluga: KSPU im. K.E. Tsiolkovsky. 2004, 187 - 193, 0.6 p.l.
Nonverbal Semiotics, Culture and Gender Styles (thesis) // Les Signes du Monde: interculturalité & globalization. 8éme Congrés de l "Association Internationale de Sémiotoque. Résumés. Lyon 7–12 juillet 2004, Lyon, 2004, 284 - 285, 0.2 p.l.
Men and Women in Dialogue IV (Problems of Reconstruction of Nonverbal Behavior) (article). Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Technologies. Proceedings of the International Conference Dialogue" 2003, June 11 - 16, 2003. M .: "Nauka", 2004, 0.7 pp.
Intralinguistic typology of non-verbal units: everyday bows (article). Questions of Linguistics, No. 4, 2004 (co-author E. B. Morozova), 1.4 / 0.7 p.
Non-verbal control in oral interactive communication (article) // Cognitive styles of communication. Theories and applied models. Reports of the international conference. September 20 - 25, 2004. Crimea, Partenit, 2004, 83 - 85, 0.2 p.s.
Non-verbal gender stereotypes: culturally universal and culturally specific (article) // Linguistic Meanings. Methods of research and principles of description (in memory of O.N. Seliverstova). M.: MGPU, 2004, 133 – 144, 0.9 pp.
Men and women in dialogue II: non-verbal aggression as a type of behavior (article). Moscow Linguistic Journal, vol. 7, no. 2, 2005, 0.7 pp. .
Men and Women in Non-Verbal Communication III: Cultural-Universal and Cultural-Specific Features of Non-Verbal Communicative Behavior (article) // Reports of the Third International Conference "Gender: Language, Culture, Communication" November 27-28, 2003, Moscow State Linguistic University (MSLU) ), Moscow: Moscow State Linguistic University, Gender Research Laboratory, Open Society Institute (Soros Foundation), 2004.
Men and women in communication V: the gender aspect of kinesics (article). Questions of Philology, M., 2004 (article), 0.6 pp.
The semantic structure of the word shoulders and its derivatives (on the example of shoulders) (article), (co-author A.B. Letuchy). Moscow, Moscow Linguistic Journal, 2005, 0.8/0.4 pp.
Sign language. Dictionary entry for the "Encyclopedic Dictionary of a Young Philologist" (2nd ed.), M., 2005.
Men and women in non-verbal communication (monograph). M .: "Languages of Russian culture", 2005, 7 p.
Men and women in non-verbal communication: emotional aspect (article) // "Emotions in language and speech". M.: publishing house of the Russian State University for the Humanities. 2005, 282 - 300 (0.8 pp).
Men and women in non-verbal communication: (lexicographic aspect) (article) // Proceedings of the VI International School-Seminar "Vocabulary, lexicography, terminography in Russian, American and other cultures". Ivanovo (Russia), 2005, 0.6p.
Non-verbal control in dialogue: units, models, rules. // Proceedings of the International Conference "Dialogue" 2005 ": Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Technologies" (article). M., 2005
Body language and kinesics as a section of non-verbal semiotics (methodology, theoretical ideas and some results) (article) // "The Body in Russian Culture". M .: "New Literary Review", 2005, 19-37, 0.8 pp.

Scientific and methodical articles

Russian language at school: the opinion of linguists. Concept - mandatory minimum - program (co-authors I.A. Bukrinskaya, O.E. Karmakova, M.A. Krongauz) // Newspaper "Russian language", No. 2, January 8 - 15, 2003, 2 / 0.5 p.l.
Mathematics. Manual for applicants to the Russian State University for the Humanities at the Faculty of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics of the Institute of Linguistics. Variants 2002. M., 2003, publishing house of the Russian State Humanitarian University (co-authors G.B. Shabat, Yu.A. Shikhanovich), 2.5 / 0.85 pp.
New school disciplines in the profile school: "Non-verbal semiotics" // Profile school of Moscow: Experience, problems, prospects. Materials of the scientific-practical conference in Moscow (May 14-15, 2003). M.: Research Institute for the Development of Education (NIIRO), 2003, 136 - 138, 0.2 p.p.

Selected papers (for 2005)

G.E. Kreidlin. Nonverbal semiotics and cognition (nonverbal semiotics and cognition. Report at the international symposium "Interdisciplinary Themes in Cognitive Language Research", November 25 - 26 2005, Helsinki.
G.E. Kreidlin. Natural and body languages in human communication. Report at the Seminar of the Sector of the Sociology of Knowledge at the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences on February 17, 2005
G.E. Kreidlin. Non-verbal semiotics as a social science. Report and holding a master class for MHSES students at the conference "Vectors of Development of Modern Russia" at the Moscow Higher School of Social and Economic Sciences (MVSES)

G.E. Kreidlin. Non-verbal control in dialogue: units, models, rules. Report at the international conference "Dialogue" 2005 ": Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Technologies" June 2, 2005
G.E. Kreydlin (co-authored with E.Ya. Shmeleva). Verbal and non-verbal elements of an anecdote. Report at the conference "Linguistic mechanisms of comedy". Institute of Linguistics RAS. September 12 -14, 2005.
G.E. Kreidlin. Men and women in non-verbal communication (lexicographic aspect). Report and holding a round table at the VI international school-seminar "Vocabulary, lexicography, terminography in Russian, American and other cultures". Ivanovo (Russia), September 12 – 15, 2005
G.E. Kreidlin. Iconic gestures in dialogue. Report at the international conference "Sign: icons, indices, symbols". St. Petersburg. October 2005
G.E. Kreidlin (co-authored with A.B. Letuchy). Body parts in Russian and non-verbal semiotic codes (on the example of shoulders). Report at the seminar on theoretical semantics Acad. Yu.D. Apresyan at IPTP RAS. October 2005
G.E. Kreidlin. Nonverbal semiotics and cognition (Nonverbal semiotics and cognition). Report at the international symposium "Interdisciplinary Themes in Cognitive Language Research", November 25 – 26 2005, Helsinki.
G.E. Kreidlin. Non-verbal representation of power. Report at the conference "Changes in language and communication". M., RGGU. November 2005

Read cycles of lectures abroad

1. A series of 7 lectures for students of humanitarian universities in Kyiv (Ukraine). February-March 2005.
2. A series of 9 lectures on non-verbal semiotics on the radio channel "Culture". April 2005
3. 3 lectures at the seminar "Psycho- and neurolinguistics" of the St. Petersburg Linguistic Society (for scientists, teachers, graduate students and students of research institutes and philological faculties of humanitarian universities and academies in St. Petersburg). October 2005
4. 2 lectures at the University of Helsinki for senior students, graduate students and teachers of the Department of Slavic Studies (Helsinki, Finland).
5. A series of 10 lectures at the Alexander Institute of the University of Helsinki. November 2006
6. A series of 6 lectures at the Faculty of Philology of the Belarusian State University (Minsk, February 2007).
7. A series of 10 lectures in the cities of Astana and Pavlodar (Kazakhstan, March-April 2007).

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

How they are located in relation to each other, how they exchange views - they play a decisive role in oral communication. In the center of the monograph is a person and the features of his non-verbal behavior in the act of communication. The author analyzes various non-verbal and verbal units, describes the Russian gestural system and kinetic behavior, looks for new approaches to this hitherto little-studied topic, drawing on data from various special sciences that are part of non-verbal semiotics.
BBC 88.53
UDC 159.9
No. VK 5-86793-194-3
© G.E. Creidlin, 2002
© Artwork New Literary Review, 2002

In memory of my father
Kreidlin Efim Grigorievich
INTRODUCTION
book subject
More than thirty years ago, I came across an article by the outstanding Russian linguist A. A. Reformatsky Opera Coding and Transformation of Communication Systems (Reformatsky 1963). This remarkable work dealt with the nature and ways of coexistence of the water communicative act of several sign systems and touched upon various problems related to the peculiarities of the functioning of signs of different nature in speech and to the analysis of their behavior in interactive communication.
A. A. Reformatsky believed that without solving the questions of how a person’s non-verbal communicative activity occurs and what is its relationship with verbal activity, it is unthinkable to model communication systems and the thought process itself. Based on the studies of the child psychologist, physiologist and teacher Y. A. Sokolyansky, which examined the features of mastering the grammar of a language by a deaf-blind child, the scientist emphasizes the exceptional importance of gesture and gestural, or, in other words, kinetic, behavior in general as links between tactile and speech human activity. According to A. A. Reformatsky, in the act of oral communication, a simple coding of meaning or recoding of information is never carried out. Different systems of sign information processing coexist in it in parallel, and - let me quote the scientist again - although they somehow compete in principle, they do not overlap each other, but represent a more complex ratio.
In this monograph, we will discuss various aspects of this relationship. In the center of her shimdos is the person I wo features of non-verbal behavior in the act of communication.
Very little is known about the communicative behavior of people and the ways of their verbal communication. Our ideas about the motives, goals and nature of even our own actions, thoughts, words of feelings, not to mention the behavior of a real or imaginary interlocutor, are surprisingly fuzzy, naive and confused to this day, and the amount and depth of our knowledge of speech dialogic behavior does not correspond to today's level of development and possibilities of linguistic science. As for the non-verbal aspects of human behavior in a situation of communicative interaction and the problems of the correlation of non-verbal language codes with natural language, which are the main subject of our study, they are not only not described systematically, but in a whole range of relations they are simply not affected.
The book that the reader holds in his hands aims to fill this gap to a certain extent. It adopted an approach consisting in the parallel analysis of a variety of non-verbal and verbal units. Such an analysis involves the study of a rich arsenal of sign tools used in human communication, a description of various semantic, pragmatic and syntactic relationships between non-verbal and verbal sign units and the identification of features of their joint functioning in a communicative act, about which A. A.R.E wrote communication is one of the most important areas functioning of signs and sign information and occupies a significant place in the life of a person and society. Emphasizing the importance of non-verbal communication, someone remarked "Words may be what men use when all else fails" - Words may be what people use when all other means of communication have failed (lit.<...>when all else fails. Science, the subject of which is non-verbal communication and, more broadly, non-verbal behavior and interaction of people, I propose to call non-verbal semiotics. Non-verbal semiotics as an integral scientific discipline is still being formed, it is very young. The particular sciences included in non-verbal semiotics, or individual subsystems, have been studied to varying degrees and are often not connected with one another at all. For a number of objective and subjective reasons, which include (a) fragmentation and poorly motivated selectivity of objects of study (b) an insufficient number of stable and proven in practice theoretical concepts, methods and analysis tools, and hence the predominantly descriptive nature of research in all sections non-verbal semiotics (c) low development and practical incompatibility of languages for describing the subject areas of non-verbal semiotics (d) lack of a reliable methodological and empirical base in terms of semantics, pragmatics and syntactic behavior of non-verbal units e) often guesswork, poorly substantiated and highly problematic nature of individual scientific statements and the results obtained, one has to admit that many tasks and provisions formulated within the framework of non-verbal subsystems require significant adjustment, and in some cases a complete revision.
In such a situation, there is a particularly acute need for a unified semiotic approach to the study of non-verbal and verbal means of human behavior in a communicative act, since only within the framework of such an approach, non-verbal human behavior, and in particular, the Russian non-verbal tradition, can receive the most versatile and adequate explanation. The book offers an integral description of the main subsystems of non-verbal semiotics within the framework of a single scientific ideology and common conceptual and methodological guidelines, in their relationship with each other and with natural language. The composition of these subsystems, the characteristic features of their internal organization and patterns of functioning are determined, a practical study and theoretical understanding of the most important mechanisms of interaction of non-verbal subsystems with each other and with natural language is carried out, non-trivial situations of non-verbal communication of people and related phenomena are described.
It should be noted that due to various, mostly pseudo-scientific, circumstances, the existing literature on non-verbal semiotics almost completely ignores the data of the Russian linguo-semiotic tradition, while its cultural and ethno-linguistic significance hardly needs special justification. Our book for the first time refers to a systematic study of Russian non-verbal material, it contains a detailed analysis of completely new facts for non-verbal semiotics and draws on new information to establish similarities, differences and echoes of Russian and other non-verbal languages. A wide analysis of world and Russian literature, as well as personal scientific contacts with many prominent scientists working in various fields of non-verbal semiotics, give reason to assert that this book is the first systematic scientific presentation of the foundations of non-verbal semiotics in its relationship with linguistics. In it, for the first time in the domestic and, as it seems, in the world linguosemio
The scientific tradition poses and solves a number of important tasks that were put forward within the framework of individual sciences that are part of non-verbal semiotics. I will name only some of the problems discussed in the book) improvement of the conceptual apparatus and metalanguage of non-verbal semiotics, in particular, bringing it into line with the conceptual apparatus and metalanguage of linguistics; substantiation of the theoretical necessity of the introduced new concepts and demonstration of their practical usefulness); the end of the studied units, categories and oppositions of paralinguistics, kinesics, proxemics and some other particular sciences that form the core of non-verbal semiotics establishing analogies and structural similarities between non-verbal and verbal phenomena that are quite distant from each other) delimitation of gestures and physiological movements inventory of the main gesture oppositions and functions of gestures in different body languages and communicative situations) identification of semantic types and construction of a semantic typology of everyday emblematic gestures) linguistic and conceptual analysis of voice and tone - the main tools of linguistic and paralinguistic communication) construction of the foundations of the theory of lexicography of gestures development of a general ideology and structure of explanatory dictionaries of gestures, determination of the structure of individual zones and the method of presenting the necessary information in them) analysis of the most remarkable features of the explanatory dictionary of Russian sign language created by us (in collaboration) an integral description of the Russian non-verbal and verbal semiotic systems, and the presentation of a solution to a number of practical lexicographic problems related to this dictionary (determining the number and composition of dictionary zones, revealing the content and structure of each zone, analyzing a number of specific dictionary entries and their fragments), etc.) development of principles and methods of comparative semantic description of gestures and language units - the so-called gesture phraseological units, as well as gestures and their linguistic names.
experimental linguistic (Russian) material

(9) the formulation and solution of some particular problems of intercultural and interlingual correspondence of sign emblematic systems and the translation of one system into another (methods and types of translation, problems of interpretation, neutralization and loss of meaning, typology of communicative failures, etc. 10) construction of an intralinguistic typology of semiotic acts of touch in their 11) description of universal strategies, detection and analysis of patterns, as well as the formulation of specific rules for non-verbal (gestural, visual, tactile and proxemic) behavior related to Russian everyday communication and Russian culture.
In addition to theoretical and practical issues, the book raises and discusses some methodological issues related to the problems of identifying units and categories of non-verbal semiotics and their relationship with units and categories of linguistics.
Due to the above circumstances, it was impossible to solve most of the tasks we set by analogy with those already solved earlier. Almost each of them required the consideration of new theoretical issues, filling in the existing conceptual and terminological gaps, the use of original research techniques and the analysis of the methodological foundations of the analysis of these by subsequent empirical verification. I will immediately say the formulation and the conclusions and solutions of individual problems presented to the reader's judgment, someone may consider doubtful or insufficiently convincing, however, it seems to me that this is not only the subjective fault of the author of the book (which, however, he does not remove from himself, but and the inevitable objective result of all research in new areas of knowledge, the channel of which has only just begun to be laid.
The history of the creation of the book
A serious research interest in non-verbal semiotics arose quite unexpectedly and many years after I got acquainted with the above-mentioned article by A. A. Reformatsky. At the first summer Linguistic School (July
1992, the city of Dubna, Moscow region, where students were students of a number of Moscow and Dubna schools and students of advanced educational programs. Mainly Russian t bitch f

University for the Humanities (RGGU) and Moscow State University (MSU, and I was one of the teachers, I had the happy idea to organize a seminar for junior, summer, schoolchildren on learning sign language. To my surprise, the proposed topics of classes turned out to be interesting not only after several introductory theoretical lectures I gave, at which the basic units, categories and relations that exist in Russian Sign Language were introduced and described, several seminars were held, and at the very first practical lesson, all its participants were it was proposed to start joint work on compiling an explanatory (explanatory) dictionary of Russian sign language.At the same time, I tried to outline the approximate appearance of this dictionary, as I then saw it, outline the general scheme of the dictionary entry, after which we began to work together on a very specific lexicographic work - to write dictionary stat s for the given dictionary. As a result, a group was formed that continued its work in Moscow at a weekly seminar on non-verbal semiotics, which is held under my leadership at the Institute of Linguistics (formerly the Faculty of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics) of the Russian State University for the Humanities. The team of people working on the dictionary was constantly changing over time, some students and schoolchildren left, others came. This circumstance, of course, greatly complicated and slowed down the work, which by that time had received moral recognition and material support from the Open Society Institute (J. Soros Foundation). Nevertheless, the core of the group, fortunately, remained unchanged, which greatly contributed to the completion of the work.
In the course of individual and joint work on the dictionary of Russian sign language, two important things came to light. Firstly, the proposed lexicographic description can be relatively easily transformed into a guide to the Russian sign language or into an appropriate textbook, which we understand here quite broadly, namely as including not only (a) gestures proper, that is, sign hand movements , head legs, but also (b) facial expressions,
(c) postures and (d) sign gestures (body movements).
linguistic comparative semantic analysis.
As an experimental material for a comparative semantic analysis of units of two languages - everyday, everyday Russian language and Russian body language - some Russian gestures and some Russian phraseological turns (gesture phraseological units) were selected. The book contains both a rather large fragment of a lexicographic description of the Russian body language some, still preliminary, results on a comparative study of Russian gestures and gesture phraseological units.
It should be emphasized that the analytical description of the Russian gestural system and kinetic behavior, as well as the theory and practice of gestural lexicography, is given special attention in this book, which cannot be considered accidental. In oral communication, the role of gestures, facial expressions, postures and body movements cannot be overestimated, and although natural language has unconditional priority here, the kinetic aspects of human behavior, such as gestures and gestures, the way people stand or sit, how they are located in relation to each other, how positions change during the conversation, how they finally look at each other, play a decisive role in communicative interaction. And it must be said that the complexity and variety of sign forms of non-verbal communication fully correspond to the complexity and ramification of the particular sciences that make up non-verbal semiotics.
Sources and material
The main source for the presented study was Russian non-verbal (oral) and verbal (oral and written) texts, although an analytical review and discussion of ideas, hypotheses and results put forward and obtained in non-verbal semiotics are also based on data from other languages. In addition, we resort to examples of facts from other languages and cultures for typological comparison of individual phenomena or deciphering some details of the picture of Russian non-verbal behavior.
More specifically, the collected and processed material on which this monograph is based is
(a) visual observations, as well as photographic and video recordings of non-verbal dialogic behavior of people of different nationalities and cultures, made both by me personally and by other researchers, including my young colleagues - graduate students and students. The main body of visual, photo and video material was made up of texts of Russian culture;
(b) Russian oral and written texts of various genres and styles reflecting such behaviour. First of all, these are literary texts (in whole or in fairly representative fragments that belong to Russian artistic prose of the 19th-20th centuries. In addition, illustrative examples were taken from translated literature and journalism. Some of the language examples were taken from various large corpora of sentences collected and processed other people.
(c) vocabulary materials contained in language (interpretative, phraseological, etc.) and sign dictionaries of different languages and cultures. Materials analyzed in other scientific papers, mainly in monographs and articles, were also taken into account;
(d) experimental language examples specially constructed by the author, on which many of the hypotheses and statements formulated in this book were tested.
Methodology and theoretical background of the study
Hugo Schuchardt once noted that the integrity and internal unity of the field of scientific knowledge is achieved not so much by the homogeneity of its content, but by a common methodology and consistency of approaches to the problems being solved. Recognizing the unconditional correctness of a major German linguist and philosopher, I believe that a single semantic language for describing (metalinguistic) non-verbal units and

Grigory Kreydlin. non-verbal semiotics. Body language and natural language April 6th, 2013

A very interesting book about the powerful systems of communication that exist beyond our ordinary language and speech. In some cases, by non-verbal means of communication, we communicate more than speech, or significantly change the meaning of the statement. And it's not just facial expressions and body language. Many things can have a communicative value - looks, additional sounds, body position, clothes, cosmetics, perfumes, jewelry or a dress code. The transmitted meanings are influenced by many factors, including time, place, surrounding circumstances, and many other things that do not pass by our consciousness or affect us at an unconscious level.

1. Paralinguistics. The science of sound codes of non-verbal communication. Intonation of speech, interjections and extra sounds like mm, uh-huh, um, uh, sighs, whistles, laughter, grunts, hisses and thousands of other sounds, often changing the meaning of words to the opposite. The human ear is capable of distinguishing hundreds of thousands of sounds and shades that do not belong to a language. Obscene language, too, apparently, can be attributed to paralinguistics, since many such words are not described in dictionaries, but are involved in communication. The human voice produces many sounds that are not part of the language system. The way and manner of speaking, the quality of voice and tone, and how something is said and why it is said. In the process of speech, a person can manipulate various objects, change his voice to a rough or nasal one. All this together creates a paralanguage associated with non-verbal codes with language and speech.

2. Kinesics. The science of gestures and gesture movements, of gesture processes and systems of body language and its parts. Movement of hands and fingers, dance, postures, gestures, facial expressions. A huge number of these signs create their own language, which is well understood by representatives of one culture. These signs serve to emotionally reinforce, negate, or illustrate what is being said. Moreover, in different national cultures, the language of kinesics is quite different. There are purely Russian gestures that are incomprehensible to representatives of other cultures: wink, shake your head, wag your finger, shake your head, plug your ears, cover your mouth with your hand, turn away, stare, applaud, purse your lips, show the fig - you can make a huge dictionary of such units that they themselves carry information, but they are also capable of seriously changing oral speech. And many gestures of other peoples do not produce much effect in Russia. For example, the thumb in the West is considered a strong offensive gesture, but in our country it is not perceived so emotionally.

3. Okulesika. The science of the language of the eyes and the visual behavior of people during communication. The eye behavior of people in a communication situation is extremely informative and important. Eyes express a lot of emotions and their shades. Russian squint eyes close to facial expressions and conveys fixation of attention. A wink offers to participate in a joint business. Wide-open eyes, raised eyebrows, closed eyes, a lowered gaze, an understanding gaze, a look over glasses, a direct look into the eyes - all these and many other models of visual behavior carry certain information during communication, which is usually perceived unconsciously. (When playing with my grandson, and he still hardly speaks, I often cover my eyes with my hands, as if hiding my eyes behind my palms, and the grandson immediately perceives this as an important game of hide and seek and reacts cheerfully, looking for my look.)

4. Haptics. The science of the language of touch and tactile communication. Handshakes, hugs, kisses, kissing hands, pats on the shoulder, healing touch, laying on of hands (used by representatives of many cultures, for example, the apostolic touch, transmitted by Catholic popes from St. Peter), waving the hand in farewell is a very complex and rich language with different cultural codes. By the way, in Russian culture, touch is an active intrusion into the personal sphere of another person, so you should always be careful and unobtrusive.

5. Proxemics. The science of the space of communication, its structure and functions. This is the science of how a person thinks of a communicative space, inhabits it and uses it: this means choosing a place and distance, the relative position and orientation of bodies during communication, different types of interaction with different audiences (friends, unfamiliar and unfamiliar people), social, physical and psychological distance, personal distance, intimate distance, bows, kisses, air kisses, group, collective, public space, privacy. There are rules of proxemics that must not be broken so as not to disrupt communication.

The kinetic aspects of people's behavior - their gestures and postures, how people stand or sit, how they are located in relation to each other, how they exchange glances - sometimes play a decisive role in oral communication. And outside of this book there are such interesting sciences that also belong to non-verbal semiotics, such as auscultation, gastika, olfaction, chronemics and systemology. You can find something about them on Wikipedia.

The book is provided with an amazingly detailed and well-designed apparatus, covering about a hundred pages. The apparatus contains lists of used literature and an extensive subject index, divided into terminological and nominal. Such a high culture of book organization in Russia, unfortunately, is not often seen. The book was published by the UFO publishing house, which is run by Irina Prokhorova, the sister of billionaire Mikhail Prokhorov.

Grigory Kreydlin. non-verbal semiotics. Body language and natural language. - M .: New Literary Review, 2004. - 592 p. – Circulation 2000 copies. — (Series: Scientific Library).

non-verbal semiotics. One of the elements of the semiotics of culture is non-verbal (non-verbal) semiotics.

Modern non-verbal semiotics consists of separate disciplines that are closely related to each other. These are the disciplines paralinguistics, studying the sound codes of non-verbal communication, and kinesics - the science of gestures, gesture processes and systems. They belong to the main disciplines for the study of non-verbal semiotics. In addition, non-verbal semiotics studies oculesiku - the science of the language of the eyes and the visual behavior of people during communication, and auscultation- the science of the auditory perception of sounds and the auditory behavior of people in the process of communication. Auscultation manifests itself most fully in musical and singing activity, in the selection, structuring and semantic filtering of speech in the process of its perception, as well as in deaf pedagogy. Non-verbal semiotics also includes such sciences as haptics - the science of touch language and tactile communication, and gastika - the science of the symbolic and communicative functions of food and drinks, of food intake, the cultural and communicative functions of potions and treats. Naturally, gastika studies the culinary arts, medical practice, the art of receiving guests and seducing people, in particular, by preparing love powders or drinks. The ancient Greeks called these drinks Filtra. It is impossible not to name olfaction - the science of the language of odors, the meanings conveyed through them, and the role of odors in communication. Olfaction is interested in the chemical and thermal activity of the human body, which affects the process of communication and verbal communication. Smells play an important role, for example, in Arab communication. In addition, they are studied by medical diagnostics, the behavior of animals is determined by them, and the science of perfumery, as well as modern image-making, cannot exist without this direction, since the image of a person, of course, has always been influenced by the smells that accompany him. The circle of sciences that study non-verbal semiotics also includes proxemics - the science of the space of communication, its structure and functions, and chronicle - the science of communication time, its structural, semiotic and cultural functions. G. E. Kreidlin, who has studied non-verbal semiotics in full, also proposes to introduce into the circle of disciplines that study it, and systemology, which he designates as the science of systems of objects with which people surround their world, of the functions and meanings that these objects express in the process of communication. Here he introduces the language of jewelry, the language of clothing 1 .

1 See: Kreidlin G. E. non-verbal semiotics. Body language and natural language. M., 2002.

Non-verbal semiotics is a science that studies non-verbal (out-of-verbal) communication, non-verbal behavior and interaction of people. It aims to describe and analyze the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic relationships between verbal and non-verbal sign units and revealing the features of their functioning in a communicative act.

Subject of study non-verbal semiotics - these are non-verbal signs (w gestures, facial expressions, postures, iconic body movements, etc.), which play a key role in the communicative act, complementing and enriching verbal communication.

Gestures can be correlated with speech in various ways:

addition and reinforcement;
repetition and duplication;
substitution;
contradiction.

Basic functions of gestures:

transmission of information;
deictic function;
pictorial function;
representation of an internal psychological state or attitude;
reflection of the actual speech action;
management and regulation of behavior (including speech);
rhetorical function.

According to different functions, allocate 3 semiotic classes of gestures:

Emblem gestures, i.e. kinems that have an independent lexical meaning and are able to convey meaning regardless of the verbal message. Emblem gestures, in turn, are divided into indicative, pictorial and symbolic.
Gestures-illustrators, kinemas, which are used only together with a speech message.
Gestures-regulators, kinemas designed to control a voice message.

Sign language has its own different gender and age groups. Men to a greater extent use gestures expressing strength, confidence, aggression, power, dominance. Women and children are more inclined to demonstrate emotional reactions through gestures, while "childish" gestures are more direct.

Sign language, like verbal language, also has its own national and cultural characteristics. At the same time, the assimilation of someone else's sign language occurs with great difficulty and later than mastering the usual language.

Also, body language changes over time. Throughout history, many gestures pass the path from iconic signs to symbolic, from the expression of simple literal meanings to the expression of the most abstract ideas.

Like any language, body language is made up of individual discrete characters and them combinations. Each gesture is like a word, and a word can have several different meanings. Its meaning can only be fully understood by context .

Therefore, when analyzing non-verbal signs, it is a mistake to single out one gesture and consider it in isolation. for example, scratching the back of the head can mean the presence of itching due to physiological reasons, or maybe some emotional states: uncertainty or telling a lie.

The interpretation depends on what other gestures accompany this action.
Like any other language, sign language implies certain principles and rules for the combination of individual kinems, i.e. syntax . Distinguish interior and external syntax.

Under internal syntax the rules of organization and combination of kinems in the formation of complex gestural expressions are understood.

External Syntax gestures determines the course of a communicative act and is described by two types of rules:

Rules of non-verbal interaction of people;
Rules for the interaction of a gestural system with a verbal one.

Haptics.

Scope of touch form extremely different situations of communication (from everyday life to therapeutic and ritual ones).

The most important functions of "everyday" touch in the act of communication are:

making contact with the addressee and attracting his attention;
expression of friendship, participation or care in relation to the addressee of the gesture;
intimate expression(including sexual) relations to the addressee;
expression of negative emotions(aggression, anger, hostility);
reflection of dominance a person on the social ladder (in particular "the right of the first touch").

The meaning and interpretation of touches is influenced by the following factors:

what is the nature of the relationship between partners;
what parts of the body are in contact;
what is the duration of the touch;
what other actionsetctouch is welcomed;
Are strangers present?
what is the context of non-verbal communication.

Portal for the student. Self-training