Danko (Fig. 2) became a symbol of heroism, a hero ready for self-sacrifice. Thus, the story is built on the antithesis, and the heroes of the work are antipodes.

Antipode(from other Greek “opposite” or “opposing”) - in a general sense, something opposite to something else. In a figurative sense, it can be applied to people with opposing views.

The term "antipode" was introduced by Plato in his Timaeus to combine the relativity of the concepts "up" and "down".

In the story "Old Woman Izergil", in addition to ancient legends, the author included a story about the life of the old woman Izergil herself. Consider the composition of the story. Memories of the old woman Izergil are compositionally placed between two legends. The heroes of the legends are not real people, but symbols: Larra is a symbol of selfishness, Danko is a symbol of altruism. As for the image of the old woman Izergil (Fig. 3), her life and fate are quite realistic. Let's talk about this in more detail.

Rice. 3. Old woman Izergil ()

Izergil is very old: “Time bent her in half, her once black eyes were dull and watery. Her dry voice sounded strange, it crunched like an old woman spoke with her bones. The old woman Izergil talks about herself, about her life, about the men whom she first loved and then abandoned, and only for the sake of one of them was she ready to give her life. Her lovers didn't have to be beautiful. She loved those who were capable of a real act.

“... He loved exploits. And when a person loves feats, he always knows how to do them and finds where it is possible. In life, you know, there is always a place for exploits. And those who do not find them for themselves are simply lazy, or cowards, or do not understand life, because if people understood life, everyone would want to leave behind their shadow in it. And then life would not devour people without a trace ... "

In her life, Izergil often acted selfishly. Suffice it to recall the case when she fled from the Sultan's harem with his son. The son of the Sultan soon died, which the old woman recalls as follows: “I cried over him, maybe it was I who killed him? ..”. But other moments of her life, when she truly loved, she was ready for a feat. For example, for the sake of saving a loved one from captivity, she risked her life.

The old woman Izergil measures people with such concepts as honesty, directness, courage, and the ability to act. These are the people she considers beautiful. Izergil despises boring, weak, cowardly people. She is proud that she has lived a bright and interesting life, and believes that she should pass on her life experience to the young.

That is why she tells us two legends, as if giving us the right to choose which path to follow: the path of pride, like Larra, or the path of pride, like Danko. Because there is only one step difference between pride and pride. It may be a carelessly spoken word or an act dictated by our egoism. We must remember that we live among people and take their feelings, moods, and opinions into account. We must remember that for each of our words, each of our deeds, we are responsible to others as well as to our own conscience. This is what Gorky wanted to make the reader think about (Fig. 4) in the story "Old Woman Izergil".

Rice. 4. M. Gorky ()

Pathos(from the Greek “suffering, inspiration, passion”) - the emotional content of a work of art, the feelings and emotions that the author puts into the text, expecting the reader's empathy.

In the history of literature, the term "pathos" has been used in different meanings. So, for example, in the era of Antiquity, pathos was the state of the human soul, the passions experienced by the hero. In Russian literature, the critic V.G. Belinsky (Fig. 5) suggested using the term "pathos" to characterize the work and the writer's work as a whole.

Rice. 5. V.G. Belinsky ()

Bibliography

1. Korovina V.Ya. Literature textbook. 7th grade. Part 1. - 2012.
2. Korovina V.Ya. Literature textbook. 7th grade. Part 2. - 2009.
3. Ladygin M.B., Zaitseva O.N. Textbook-reader on literature. 7th grade. - 2012.

1. Nado5.ru ().
2. Litra.ru ().
3. Goldlit.ru ().

Homework

1. Tell us what the antipode and pathos are.
2. Give a detailed description of the image of the old woman Izergil and think about what features of Larra and Danko the image of the old woman embodies.
3. Write an essay on the topic: "Larra and Danko in our time."

Lesson Objectives:

1. Continue acquaintance with the early work of M. Gorky;
2. Analyze legends. Match the main characters of the legends Larra and Danko;
3. To trace how the writer's intention is revealed in the composition of the story;
4. Consider the distinctive features of romanticism in the work under study.

During the classes.

I. Organizational moment

In 1895, "Samarskaya Gazeta" published M. Gorky's story "Old Woman Izergil". Gorky was noticed, appreciated, enthusiastic responses about the story appeared in the press.

II. Main part

1. The early stories of M. Gorky have a romantic character.

Let's remember what romanticism is. Define romanticism, name its distinctive features.

Romanticism is a special type of creativity, the characteristic features of which are the display and reproduction of life outside the real-concrete connections of a person with the surrounding reality, the image of an exceptional personality, often lonely and dissatisfied with the present, striving for a distant ideal and therefore in sharp conflict with society, with people.

2. Heroes appear in a romantic landscape. Give examples proving this (working with text). Conversation on:

What time of day does the story take place? Why? (Old woman Izergil tells legends at night. Night is the most mysterious, romantic time of the day);

What natural images can you highlight? (sea, sky, wind, clouds, moon);

What artistic means did the author use in depicting nature? (epithets, personification, metaphor);

Why is the landscape shown in this way in the story? (Nature is shown animated, it lives according to its own laws. Nature is beautiful, majestic. The sea, the sky are endless, wide spaces. All natural images are symbols of freedom. But nature is closely connected with man, it reflects his inner spiritual world. That is why nature symbolizes the boundlessness of the hero's freedom, his inability and unwillingness to exchange this freedom for anything).

CONCLUSION: Only in such a landscape, seaside, nocturnal, mysterious, can the heroine who tells the legends about Larra and Danko realize herself.

3. Composition of the story "Old Woman Izergil".

What is the composition of the story?

Why do you think the writer used this technique in the story? (In her legends, the heroine of the story expresses her idea of ​​​​people, about what she considers valuable, important in her life. This creates a coordinate system by which one can judge the heroine of the story).

How many parts of the composition could you single out? (Three parts: part 1 - the legend of Larra; part 2 - the life and love story of the Old Woman Izergil; part 3 - the legend of Danko).

4. Analysis of the legend about Larra.

Who are the main characters of the first legend?

Is the story of the birth of a young man important for understanding his character?

How does the character relate to other people? (contemptuously, arrogantly. He considers himself the first on earth).

A romantic work is characterized by a conflict between the crowd and the hero. What is at the heart of the conflict between Larra and humans? (his pride, extreme individualism).

What is the difference between pride and pride. Separate these words. (Card #1)

Card #1 Pride - Self-esteem, self-respect. High opinion, excessively high opinion of oneself. Pride is unreasonable pride.

Prove that it is pride, and not pride, that is characteristic of Larre.

What leads to the extreme individualism of the hero? (to crime, to selfish arbitrariness. Larra kills a girl)

What punishment did Larra suffer for his pride? (loneliness and eternal existence, immortality).

Why do you think this punishment is worse than death?

What is the author's attitude to the psychology of individualism? (He condemns the hero, in whom an anti-human essence is embodied. For Gorky, the lifestyle, behavior, and character traits of Larra are unacceptable. Larra is an anti-ideal in which individualism is taken to extremes)

5. Analysis of the legend about Danko.

a) The legend of Danko is based on the biblical story of Moses. Let's remember it and compare it with the legend of Danko. Student's individual message. (Students listen to the biblical story and compare it with the legend of Danko).

God commanded Moses to lead the Jewish people out of Egypt. Jews have lived in Egypt for hundreds of years, and they are very sad to leave their homes. Convoys were drawn up, and the Jews set off.

Suddenly the Egyptian king regretted that he had let his slaves go. It so happened that the Jews came to the sea when they saw behind them the chariots of the Egyptian troops. The Jews looked and were horrified: in front of the sea, and behind the armed army. But the merciful Lord saved the Jews from destruction. He told Moses to strike the sea with a stick. And suddenly the waters parted and became walls, and in the middle it became dry. The Jews rushed along the dry bottom, and Moses again struck the water with a stick, and behind the backs of the Israelites it closed again.

Then the Jews went through the desert, and the Lord constantly took care of them. The Lord told Moses to strike a rock with a stick, and cold water gushed out of it. The Lord showed many favors to the Jews, but they were not grateful. For disobedience and ingratitude, God punished the Jews: for forty years they wandered in the desert, they could not come to the land promised by God. Finally, the Lord took pity on them and brought them closer to this land. But at this time their leader Moses died.

Comparison of the Biblical story and the legend of Danko:

What is the similarity between the biblical story and the legend of Danko? (Moses and Danko take people out of places dangerous for further living. The path turns out to be difficult, and the relationship of Moses and Danko with the crowd becomes more complicated, as people lose faith in salvation)

How does the plot of the Danko legend differ from the biblical story? (Moses relies on the help of God, as he fulfills his will. Danko feels love for people, he volunteers to save them, no one helps him).

b) What are the main features of Danko? What is the basis of his actions? (love for people, desire to help them)

What act did the hero do for the love of people? (Danko accomplishes a feat, saving people from enemies. He leads them out of darkness and chaos to light and harmony)

How is the relationship between Danko and the crowd? Work with text. (At first, people “looked and saw that he was the best of them.” The crowd believes that Danko will overcome all difficulties himself. Then they “began to grumble at Danko”, since the path turned out to be difficult, many died on the way; now the crowd was disappointed in Danko. "People fell on Danko in anger" because they were tired, exhausted, but they are ashamed to admit it. People are compared with wolves, animals, because instead of gratitude they feel hatred for Danko, they are ready to tear him to pieces. Indignation boils in Danko's heart , “But it went out of pity for people." Danko pacified his pride, since his love for people is limitless. It is love for people that drives Danko's actions).

CONCLUSION: We see that Larra is a romantic anti-ideal, so the conflict between the hero and the crowd is inevitable. Danko is a romantic ideal, but the relationship between the hero and the crowd is also based on conflict. This is one of the features of a romantic work.

Why do you think the story ends with the legend of Danko? (this is an expression of the author's position. He sings of the feat of the hero. He admires the strength, beauty, courage, courage of Danko. This is the triumph of goodness, love, light over chaos, pride, selfishness).

6. After analyzing the legend of Larra and Danko, independent work of students. Students compare Danko and Larra, write down the conclusions in a notebook. Table check.

Criteria
1. Attitude towards the crowd
2. The crowd is the hero
3. Distinctive character trait
4. Attitude towards life
5. Legend and modernity

As a result of the work of students with the table, you can get the following:

Comparison of the images of Danko and Larra
Criteria
1. Attitude towards the crowd	Love, pity, desire	despises people, treats
	to help them	im arrogant, not considered
2. The crowd is the hero	conflict	conflict
3. distinctive character trait	Love, compassion, courage,	Pride, selfishness, extreme
	mercy, courage, skill	individualism, cruelty
	suppress pride
4. Attitude towards life	Ready to sacrifice	Takes everything from life and people, but
	life to save people	gives nothing in return
5. Legend and modernity	Blue sparks (light, heat)	Turns into a shadow (darkness,
6. Actions performed by heroes	A feat for the love of people,	Evil, crime
	good deeds
7. The attitude of the writer to the characters	Ideal, sings of its beauty,	Anti-ideal, condemns him
	courage, feat for the sake of love for	actions, anti-human
		essence

7. But the story is called “Old Woman Izergil”. Why do you think M. Gorky titled his story this way? (the main character of the story is, after all, the old woman Izergil, and the legend is needed in order to understand her character, to understand what is important, the main thing for her).

Legends frame the life and love story of the old woman Izergil.

Which character does the heroine belong to? Mark with an arrow in card No. 2

Card number 2

Students independently note, check. Justify your choice. (The old woman Izergil refers to herself as Danko, as she believes that the meaning of her life was love)

Card #2

Why do you think Gorky refers the old woman Izergil to Larra? (her love is inherently selfish. Having fallen out of love with a person, she immediately forgot about him)

III. Lesson conclusion. Summing up the lesson.

IV. Homework:

1. Reading the play "At the bottom";
2. Consider the history of the creation of the play, the genre of the work, the conflict.

USED ​​BOOKS

1. Russian literature of the XX century - Textbook for grade 11 / ed. V.V. Agenosova: M.: Publishing House "Bud" 1997;
2. N.V. Egorova: Lesson developments in Russian literature of the XX century, grade 11. M.: Publishing house “VAKO”, 2007;
3. B.I. Turyanskaya: Literature in the 7th grade - lesson by lesson. M.: “Russian word”, 1999

Maxim Gorky's story "Old Woman Izergil". Romantic pathos and the harsh truth of life
From the literature of the XX century

We will continue the conversation about Maxim Gorky's story "Old Woman Izergil", compare the characteristics of the images of Larra and Danko, get acquainted with the concepts of "antipode" and "pathos", analyze the image of the old woman Izergil.

In the last lesson, we characterized the images of Larra and Danko, now let's compare them.

Comparative characteristics of the images of Larra and Danko

The image of Larra	The image of Danko
Origin
	One of the people
Appearance
A 20-year-old youth, handsome and strong; eyes "cold and proud, like those of the king of birds"	“a handsome young man”, “a lot of strength and living fire shone in his eyes”
Attitude towards people
Arrogance, contempt: "he answered if he wanted, or was silent, and when the oldest tribes came, he spoke to them as to his equals"	Altruism: “He loved people and thought that maybe without him they would die. And now his heart flared with the fire of desire to save them, to lead them on an easy path.
deeds
Capable of killing	Capable of self-sacrifice: “He tore his chest with his hands and tore out his heart from it. It burned like the sun, and the whole forest was silent, lit by this torch of great love for people.
The reaction of others
Larra's name means "outcast, outcast"	Reaction to the feat was mixed. At first, "Everyone followed him together - they believed in him." Then "They began to reproach him for his inability to manage them." At the end "Joyful and full of hope, they did not notice his death"
The final
Doomed to eternal loneliness. “He has no life, and death does not smile on him. And there is no place for him among people ... That's how a man was struck for pride!	Dies in the name of saving people. “The proud daredevil Danko cast a glance ahead of himself on the expanse of the steppe,” he threw a joyful glance at the free land and laughed proudly. And then he fell and died

The heroes have only one thing in common: both are beautiful, young, and brave. Otherwise, they are opposite. Larra became the embodiment of selfishness, cruelty, cynical indifference to people (Fig. 1).

Danko (Fig. 2) became a symbol of heroism, a hero ready for self-sacrifice. Thus, the story is built on the antithesis, and the heroes of the work are antipodes.

Antipode(from other Greek “opposite” or “opposing”) - in a general sense, something opposite to something else. In a figurative sense, it can be applied to people with opposing views.

The term "antipode" was introduced by Plato in his Timaeus to combine the relativity of the concepts "up" and "down".

In the story "Old Woman Izergil", in addition to ancient legends, the author included a story about the life of the old woman Izergil herself. Consider the composition of the story. Memories of the old woman Izergil are compositionally placed between two legends. The heroes of the legends are not real people, but symbols: Larra is a symbol of selfishness, Danko is a symbol of altruism. As for the image of the old woman Izergil (Fig. 3), her life and fate are quite realistic. Let's talk about this in more detail.

Rice. 3. Old woman Izergil ()

Izergil is very old: “Time bent her in half, her once black eyes were dull and watery. Her dry voice sounded strange, it crunched like an old woman spoke with her bones. The old woman Izergil talks about herself, about her life, about the men whom she first loved and then abandoned, and only for the sake of one of them was she ready to give her life. Her lovers didn't have to be beautiful. She loved those who were capable of a real act.

“... He loved exploits. And when a person loves feats, he always knows how to do them and finds where it is possible. In life, you know, there is always a place for exploits. And those who do not find them for themselves are simply lazy, or cowards, or do not understand life, because if people understood life, everyone would want to leave behind their shadow in it. And then life would not devour people without a trace ... "

In her life, Izergil often acted selfishly. Suffice it to recall the case when she fled from the Sultan's harem with his son. The son of the Sultan soon died, which the old woman recalls as follows: “I cried over him, maybe it was I who killed him? ..”. But other moments of her life, when she truly loved, she was ready for a feat. For example, for the sake of saving a loved one from captivity, she risked her life.

The old woman Izergil measures people with such concepts as honesty, directness, courage, and the ability to act. These are the people she considers beautiful. Izergil despises boring, weak, cowardly people. She is proud that she has lived a bright and interesting life, and believes that she should pass on her life experience to the young.

That is why she tells us two legends, as if giving us the right to choose which path to follow: the path of pride, like Larra, or the path of pride, like Danko. Because there is only one step difference between pride and pride. It may be a carelessly spoken word or an act dictated by our egoism. We must remember that we live among people and take their feelings, moods, and opinions into account. We must remember that for each of our words, each of our deeds, we are responsible to others as well as to our own conscience. This is what Gorky wanted to make the reader think about (Fig. 4) in the story "Old Woman Izergil".

Rice. 4. M. Gorky ()

Pathos(from the Greek “suffering, inspiration, passion”) - the emotional content of a work of art, the feelings and emotions that the author puts into the text, expecting the reader's empathy.

In the history of literature, the term "pathos" has been used in different meanings. So, for example, in the era of Antiquity, pathos was the state of the human soul, the passions experienced by the hero. In Russian literature, the critic V.G. Belinsky (Fig. 5) suggested using the term "pathos" to characterize the work and the writer's work as a whole.

Rice. 5. V.G. Belinsky ()

Bibliography

1. Korovina V.Ya. Literature textbook. 7th grade. Part 1. - 2012.
2. Korovina V.Ya. Literature textbook. 7th grade. Part 2. - 2009.
3. Ladygin M.B., Zaitseva O.N. Textbook-reader on literature. 7th grade. - 2012.

1. Nado5.ru ().
2. Litra.ru ().
3. Goldlit.ru ().

Homework

1. Tell us what the antipode and pathos are.
2. Give a detailed description of the image of the old woman Izergil and think about what features of Larra and Danko the image of the old woman embodies.
3. Write an essay on the topic: "Larra and Danko in our time."

Danko and Larra are two heroes of Gorky's famous story "Old Woman Izergil". The old woman, telling about her life, weaves into this story two beautiful old legends about the son of an eagle Larr and about the son of people Danko.

First, the old woman talks about Larra. He is a handsome, proud and strong man. Usually physical beauty in Gorky already symbolizes a person with high moral ideals. But, as it turns out, this is not always true. Izergil says: "beautiful ones are always bold." This statement is true, judging by Gorky's early stories. Larra is bold and determined. But everything in him is excessive: both pride and strength. He is too selfish. How much benefit Larra could bring to people if he used the treasures of his soul for their benefit! But he does not want to give. He only wants to take, and take the best.

Larra, being the son of an eagle, does not appreciate human society. He prefers solitude and freedom. In striving for this, he often shows hardness of heart. It has no love, no pity, no compassion. He dreams only of loneliness, because he does not see anything attractive in life among people. Sometimes the worst punishment for us is that our wishes come true. So it was in the case of Larry. He received eternal solitude and eternal freedom to wander the earth. But how can the soul of a man endure this, even if he is the son of an eagle? No. Therefore, the soul of Larry suffers. Only in his eternal wanderings on earth does he understand how unbearable it is to be alone. Each person by his nature needs a society of his own kind.

What is happiness? Gorky in the story "Old Woman Izergil" answers this question in this way: happiness is possible only in love, and the highest happiness is in self-sacrifice. The old woman Izergil tells about this in the legend of Danko.

Danko is somewhat similar to Larra. He is just as handsome, brave, freedom-loving. But this is a completely different person. He directs the strength of his soul, the burning of his heart to serve people.

Let's remember that part of the legend when people begin to be disappointed in Danko. They are overcome by unbelief. In the end, they even decide to kill Danko. But does that stop him, does it weaken his desire to lead his people into the light? No. Larra lived among people who did not plot against him anything bad. It would seem that Danko had much more reasons to become embittered and even hate people. But in him lives a readiness for self-sacrifice and a thirst for achievement. He never hesitates for a moment when he needs to rip his heart out of his chest! I think Danko understood that his feat would not be appreciated, that those people to whom he lit the way with his heart would immediately forget about him. And so it happened. People, rushing to their goal, trampled Danko's ardent heart that had fallen to the ground. But he did not think of himself, tearing out his heart. A person who performs a feat never thinks about himself and how people will react to this. He acts for a higher purpose. So Danko acted only in the name of saving people.

In the image of Danko, Gorky embodied his ideal of a revolutionary. In Gorky's view, this is a man with a burning heart, leading people to the light at the cost of his own death. Danko is ready to die for the sake of his cause, he illuminates the dark consciousness of people with light. So are the revolutionaries: they fight despite the danger of death. They know for sure that, having died themselves, they will leave their ideas that will light the way for people.

Gorky argues that the existence of Daiko makes sense, because it was aimed at benefiting people. Larra, on the other hand, sought only for his own benefit. Gorky, having told us the fate of Larra, affirms the idea that an existence like this cannot give anything but emptiness and loneliness. Even the fate of the old woman Izergil, outwardly so unsuccessful, actually makes sense. And this meaning lies in the fact that she did not spare the strength of her soul. She loved people, and they, in turn, answered her the same. Against the backdrop of even this life, the existence of Larra seems miserable.

Comparing the fates of Larra and Danko, Gorky draws one important conclusion: a short but bright life dedicated to serving people is better than an eternal selfish existence for its own sake. You can't shut yourself up in your selfishness. If you want to get as much as possible for yourself, you are likely to lose much more than you want to gain. And vice versa, you gain the more, the more spiritual strength you spend for the benefit of people. Danko, who has torn out his heart, is much more alive than Larra, who has received eternal existence. A lofty goal justifies any life, so every person, as far as possible, should strive, if not for a feat, but to help people, to live for them.

T.N. Tolmacheva

teacher of Russian language and literature

MAOU "School №17"

Gubkin

Legends about Larra and Danko (from M. Gorky's story "Old Woman Izergil"). The problems of the story and the author's position.

Goals :

Identification of the artistic idea of ​​the legends about Danko and Larra, mythological sources of legends, features of poetics. Development of skills for independent research work with text, textbook, tables and terms.

The ability to compare the characteristics of the main characters to reveal the main idea of ​​the work.

Formation of students' moral qualities of personality, humanistic views and beliefs.

Tasks:

Continue acquaintance with the work of M. Gorky;

Analyze legends. Match the main characters of the legends Larra and Danko;

To trace how the writer's intention is revealed in the composition of the story;

Consider the distinctive features of neo-romanticism on the example of the work under study.

Equipment :

Epigraphs for the lesson:

(ancient wisdom)

During the classes

Introduction to the lesson. Creation of motivation, emotional mood for the analysis of legends.

Lesson topic: "Legends about Larra and Danko (from M. Gorky's story "Old Woman Izergil"). The problems of the story and the author's position.

You have already got acquainted with the work of M. Gorky at home. Today we will try to understand its features. Let's define the objectives of the lesson together.

Teacher. One of the most important questions in the work of M. Gorky is the question: "What is a person?" In his first stories, the writer carefully looks at the person, seeks to understand him, and takes the names of the characters-narrators as titles for some works.

At an early stage of Gorky's work, he was interested not so much in character, personality, as a manifestation of the individual in a person, but in a certain universal concept of human nature, which the writer seeks to know. Thus, Gorky creates his first works, as it were, under the sign of collecting truly human. In an effort to create life guidelines, Gorky actively uses mythological, including biblical images, motifs, and concepts in many of his early stories.

A.M. Gorky's story "Old Woman Izergil" was published in 1895 in the Samara Newspaper. From that moment on, Gorky declared himself as the spokesman and bearer of romantic aesthetics, and the story became a masterpiece of the writer's early work.The problem of our lesson will be the question:What is a man according to Gorky?

The epigraph to our lesson, in my opinion, would be the following words: “If only for yourself, then why are you?”

Let's remember what romanticism is. Define romanticism, name its distinctive features.

Note:

Romanticism – artistic methodformed at the beginningXIXcentury in Germany. Romanticism is characterized by a special interest

to the personality, its attitude to the surrounding reality, as well as opposition to the real world - the ideal, "two worlds".

Name the distinguishing features of romanticism in the story.

II. Analytical conversation. Collective search for a solution to the problem.

1. What is the composition of the story? (Izergil's narrative consists of 3 parts: "The Legend of Larra", "The Story of Izergil's Life", "The Legend of Danko". All three parts are united by a common idea, the author's desire to reveal the value of human life).

2. What technique underlies the construction of the story? (The reception of antithesis: the legends about Larra and Danko reveal two concepts of life, two ideas about it. The story is based on the opposition of two characters - Danko and Larra).

3. Are they extraordinary personalities? (Danko and Larra are exceptional personalities. Danko is the embodiment of the ideal type, “Prometheus”, declared by the author as “the best of all”, and in the description of Larra there are epithets that are more suitable for describing the animal: “dexterous”, “predatory”, “cruel "," selfish.)

4 . Analysis of the legend of Larra

Who is the main character of the first legend?

Is the story of the birth of a young man important for understanding his character?

How does the character relate to other people? (contemptuously, arrogantly. He considers himself the first on earth)

A romantic work is characterized by a conflict between the crowd and the hero. What is at the heart of the conflict between Larra and humans? (his pride, selfishness, selfishness)

What is the difference between pride and pride?

Note:

Pride – self-esteem, self-respect.

Pride – n exaggerated pride, excessively high opinion of oneself.

Prove that it is pride, and not pride, that is characteristic of Larra.

What leads to the egoism of the hero? (to crime)

Group work. Dramatization of the episode "Trial of Larra" and its analysis.

Guys, and now we will see the scene of the trial of Larra, which was prepared by the 1st creative group. This was their homework.

What punishment did Larra suffer for his pride? (loneliness and eternal existence, immortality).

Is this punishment fair or does he deserve something else?

Now let's turn to the text and find the key words that show Larra's state of mind after the punishment. The textologists who prepared this task at home will help us with this.(... They stopped and laughed at him. And he trembled, hearing this laughter, and kept looking for something on his chest, grabbing it with his hands ... And again he fell to the ground and beat his head against it for a long time. But the earth moved away from him, deepening from the blows of his head ... There was so much longing in his eyes that one could poison all the people of the world with it ...)

This is the life of a hero. Is it punishment or freedom? (Yes, this is a terrible punishment. Larra is doomed to immortality and the inability to decide for himself whether to live or die. People have deprived Lara of what, in his opinion, it was worth living - the right to live by his own law.)

What is the author's attitude towards Larra? (He condemns the hero, in whom an anti-human essence is embodied. For Gorky, the lifestyle, behavior, and character traits of Larra are unacceptable. Larra is an anti-ideal).

Let's remember the pages of the Bible and answer the question: which of the famous heroes was subject to such a punishment? We will turn to the mythologists from the 3rd creative group for help.

Mythologists: It seems to us that the son of Adam and Eve Cain, who commits the sin of fratricide, is subjected to the same punishment, for which he is punished by loneliness.

« And Cain said unto the Lord [God], My punishment is greater than can be endured; Behold, now You are driving me from the face of the earth, and from Your presence I will hide myself, and I will be a fugitive and a wanderer on the earth.

On the example of Larra, Gorky presented us with the anti-ideal of the hero. And who is the spokesman for the idealistic idea of ​​man?

6. Analysis of the legend about Danko.

a) The legend of Danko is based on the biblical story of Moses. Let's remember it and compare it with M. Gorky's legend about Danko. And again we turn to the mythologists.

God commanded Moses to lead the Jewish people out of Egypt. Jews have lived in Egypt for hundreds of years, and they are very sad to leave their homes. Convoys were drawn up, and the Jews set off.

Suddenly the Egyptian king regretted that he had let his slaves go. It so happened that the Jews came to the sea when they saw behind them the chariots of the Egyptian troops. The Jews looked and were horrified: in front of the sea, and behind the armed army. But the merciful Lord saved the Jews from destruction. “And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and the Lord drove the sea with a strong east wind all night and made the sea dry land, and the waters parted. And the sons of Israel went in the midst of the sea on dry ground: and the waters were a wall to them on their right hand and on their left.”

Then the Jews went through the desert, and the Lord constantly took care of them. The Lord told Moses to strike a rock with a stick, and cold water gushed out of it. The Lord showed many favors to the Jews, but they were not grateful. For disobedience and ingratitude, God punished the Jews: for forty years they wandered in the desert, they could not come to the land promised by God. Finally, the Lord took pity on them and brought them closer to this land. But at this time their leader Moses died. [ 1: II,3–18]

b) What fragments of the legend about Danko correspond to the biblical story? The guys from the group of researchers who prepared the answer at home will share their discoveries with us.

– What is the similarity between the biblical story and the legend of Danko?(Moses and Danko take people out of places dangerous for further living. The path turns out to be difficult, and the relationship of Moses and Danko with the crowd becomes more complicated, as people lose faith in salvation).

– How does the plot of the legend of Danko differ from the biblical story? (Moses relies on the help of God, as he fulfills his will. Danko, feeling love for people, volunteers to save them himself, no one helps him.)

What are the main features of Danko? What is the basis of his actions? (Great love for people, a desire to help them, a willingness to sacrifice oneself to save others.)

What act did the hero do for the love of people? (Danko accomplishes a feat, saving people from enemies. He leads them out of darkness and chaos to light and harmony.)

How is the relationship between Danko and the crowd? Let's go back to the texts.

Work with text. (At first, people "looked and saw that he was the best of all.". The people believe that Danko himself will overcome all difficulties. Then they "began to grumble at Danko"because the way was difficult, many died on the way; now the crowd is disappointed in Danko. “People attacked Danko in anger” because they were tired, exhausted, but they are ashamed to admit it. People are compared with wolves, animals, because instead of gratitude they feel hatred for Danko, they are ready to tear him to pieces. In Danko's heart, "indignation boiled up, but it went out of pity for people." Danko pacified his pride, as his love for people is boundless. It is love for people that drives Danko's actions).

CONCLUSION: We see that Larra is a romantic anti-ideal, so the conflict between the hero and the crowd is inevitable. Danko is a romantic ideal, but the relationship between the hero and the crowd is also based on conflict. This is one of the features of a romantic work.

Why do you think the story ends with the legend of Danko? (This is an expression of the author's position. He sings of the feat of the hero. He admires the strength, beauty, courage, courage of Danko. This is the triumph of goodness, love, light over chaos, pride, selfishness).

7 . Independent work. Students compare the images of Danko and Larra, filling in the columns of the table. At the end of the work - self-check the table. (An exemplary version is projected onto the screen).

Table

The images of Danko and Larra in the story of M. Gorky

Criteria

Danko

Larra

1) Attitude

to people

"He loved people and thought that ... without him they would die"

Contemptuously arrogant (“... except for himself, he does not see anything ... He had no tribe, no mother, no livestock, no wife, and he did not want any of this”)

2) The crowd is the hero

“All together they followed him - they believed in him” “... in anger and anger fell upon Danko ... and began to reproach him for his inability to manage them ...”

Open confrontation (“And he, boldly looking at them, answered that there were no others like him ...”)

3) Distinctive character trait

Altruism

Excessive pride, complete freedom of action

4) Attitude to life

Whoever does nothing, nothing will happen to him.

“He had no tribe, no mother, no livestock, no wife, and he did not want any of this ... And so he began to live, free as a bird.”

5) Legend and modernity

What is meant?

The relevance of the image?

6) Actions performed by heroes

A feat, self-sacrifice of life in the name of saving people (“teared his chest with his hands and pulled his heart out of it ...”)

Crime, murder of the one who rejected the son of an eagle

"proud daredevil Danko", the great burning heart of Danko.

"Beautiful and strong", "his eyes were cold and proud, like those of the king of birds." "He was dexterous, predatory, strong, cruel ... And he has no place among people."

Let's return to the problematic question of the lesson: "What is a person according to Gorky?"

And how do you understand the words of the epigraph to the lesson:“If only for yourself, then why are you?”

8. Reflection

• Danko's feat is a great deed, it will remain an example and a guide for all of us. And may the light of his heart never fade.

In memory of our lesson - these symbolic hearts.

And as a sign that together we have come to a common opinion about the essence of the question raised, about what a person should be like in life, let's kindle and raise our symbolic hearts.

Homework: write a miniature essay, choosing one of the topics: “Can Danko be called a hero?”, “What kind of person can be called beautiful?”, “Why does M. Gorky call Danko a “proud daredevil”?”

LITERATURE

Bible. – M.: Russian Bible Society, 1992.

Gorky, M. Selected works.– M.: "Fiction", 19 86 .

Ozhegov, S.I. and Shvedova, N.Yu. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. – M.: Azbukovnik, 1997.

Solovieva, F.E. Literature lessons. - M .: "Russian Word", 2011.

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